DOCSLIB.ORG

Coding of Spatial Lnformation in the with Neglect Following Parietal Lobe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Coding of Spatial Lnformation in the with Neglect Following Parietal Lobe Coding of Spatial Lnformation in the Somatosensory System: Evidence Erom Patients with Neglect following Parietal Lobe Damage Morris Moscovitch and Marlene Behrmann University of Toronto and Rotnian Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/6/2/151/1755120/jocn.1994.6.2.151.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 Abstract Unilateral parietal lobe darnage, particularly in the right both the palm up and the palm down position. Patients ne- cerehral hemisphere, leads to neglect of stimuli on the contra- glected the stimuli on the side of space contralateral to the 1ater;rl side. To determine the reference frame within which lesion regardless of hand position. These results indicate that neglect operates in the somatosensory system, 11 patients with point-localization in the somatosensory system is accomplished unilateral neglect were touched simultaneously on the left and with respect to a spatially defined frame-of-referenceand not right side of the wrist of one hand. The hand was tested in strictly with respect to somatotopically defined coordinates. INTRODUCTION stimulation of the sensory surface projecting to the le- sioned hemisphere. Recent work in vision has refuted Individuals with damage to the right parietal lobes often the notion that this view can account for all aspects of suffer from hemineglect, a dramatic attentional disorder neglect. A number of investigators have shown that what in which information on the left side is ignored (Bisiach is neglected is not necessarily the stimulus in the left & Vattar, 1988; Critchley, 1953; Heilman, Watson, & Val- visual field, but rather the left-most item of a set of enstcin, 1985; Mesulam, 1981). In surveying the environ- stimuli, even when all of them are presented to the intact, ment, patients with hemineglect do not notice objects right visual field. With regard to objects and words, it is on the left; in reading, they may ignore the left side of a the left side of each that is neglected rather than the field page or even the left half of a word; in eating, they may in which it appears (Behrmann, Moscovitch, Black, & leave the food on the left side of the plate untouched; Mozer, 1990; De Renzi, Gentilini, Faglioni, & Barbieri, in hearing, they attend mostly to auditory input from the 1989; Ellis, Flude, & Young, 1987; Gazzaniga, & Ladavas, right, ignoring the speaker on the left; and in personal 1987; Kinsbourne, & Warrington, 1962; Ladavas, Petronio, care, they may not shave or bathe the left side of the & Umilta, 1990; see also Caramazza, & Hillis, 1990 for bod)! and may dress only the right side. At issue is what comparable effects following left hemisphere lesions). constitutes the “left side,” that is, with respect to what These observations led to the conclusion that neglect is frame of reference is the left side defined? The answer not defined solely in terms of sensory coordinates but to this question is important for understanding the role occurs within a more abstract frame of reference that of thc parietal lobe in spatial mapping and in attention. assigns spatial coordinates to sensory stimuli, scenes, and Although this question has been addressed in vision, objects that map onto it. therc have been no studies to determine whether com- Because neglect can occur in all sensory modalities mon principles apply to modalities such as somatosen- (Bisiach, & Vallar, 1988; Critchley, 1953; Heilman et a]., sation whose functional organization may be different 1985; Heilman, Bowers, Valenstein, & Watson, 1987; Val- from that of vision. lar, Bottini, Rusconi, & Sterzi, 1993), it is important to A number of interpretations have been offered to ex- determine whether similar principles apply to modalities plain why neglect occurs on the side opposite the lesion. that have properties different from vision. Because vision One view is that hemineglect is defined with respect to relies on sense receptors that code spatially distant in- coordinates of the sensory receptive fields and is asso- formation about the external world, it seems reasonable ciated with the contralateral sensory loss that usually that the visual system adopts a nonsensory spatial frame accompanies the parietal lobe lesion (Bay, 1953; Denny- of reference. Somatosensation, on the other hand, is Brown, & Chambers, 1958). Put simply, patients ignore concerned with detecting stimulation on the body sur- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 62,pp. 151-255 Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/jocn.1994.6.2.151 by guest on 30 September 2021 face and in monitoring its location. When left hemi- To decouple the somatotopic and spatial frames of neglect occurs in the tactile modality, do individuals reference, we stimulate in two adjacent locations on the ignore the “left” as defined with respect to a sensory same side of the midline: two points on either side of a receptor surface (somatotopic) or also as defined with single wrist (Fig. lb, or c). Testing was conducted in two respect to a higher-order spatial frame-of-reference as in conditions: with the palm up and with the palm down. vision? By stimulating two locations on the same side of the To answer this question, we tested for tactile neglect midline, it becomes possible to determine whether ne- in patients with parietal lobe lesions using the procedure glect in the somatosensory system occurs with respect ;o of double simultaneous stimulation (Critchley, 1953; somatotopic, or higher-order, spatial, frames-of-refer- Feinberg, Haber, & Stacey, 1990; Kolb, & Whishaw, 1990; ence. By confining both stimuli to a single limb, this Mesulam, 1981, 1985). In this procedure, the individual procedure also ensures that sensation is comparable at is touched lightly, and simultaneously, at two locations. both locations. Because most patients have some sensory Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/6/2/151/1755120/jocn.1994.6.2.151.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 Although the person with hemineglect usually can sense loss affecting the limb contralateral to the lesioned hemi- and locate a single touch accurately even on the affected sphere, we usually tested only the ipsilesional hand. In side, he or she has difficulty when two stimuli are in- the rare person in whom sensory loss was minimal, we volved. The person often reports only the stimulus on tested both hands. Each hand was tested separately. the right, extinguishing or ignoring the stimulus on the If the frame-of-reference hypothesis is defined with affected, left side. The standard method for demonstrat- respect to the somatosensory midline, neglect should be ing left-sided neglect is to present stimuli to the left and observed only when the affected hand, the one opposite right sides of the body’s somatosensory midline (Fig. la; the lesioned hemisphere, is stimulated (Fig. la). An al- but see Feinberg et a]., 1990 for variations). In this testing ternative somatotopic sensory hypothesis might admit condition, however, sensory and higher-order, spatial that extinction could occur on either hand, but that it frames of reference are aligned with each other, making would be recorded in the same sensory location, say the it impossible to distinguish between them. In addition, point on the wrist near the thumb, irrespective of the it is not clear whether neglect arises from competition rotated position of the hand (Fig. lb). By contrast, if for a central attentional mechanism or whether it occurs neglect occurs with respect to a higher-order frame-of- because the stimulus on the left is effectively weaker reference, then extinction should occur on the same side than the one on the right owing to the contralateral of space, say the ‘‘left’’of each hand, regardless of the sensory loss that usually accompanies the parietal lobe particular sensory location that occupies that position lesion. (Fig. lc). For the right hand, this would be the thumb Figure 1. Touch is applied at the circles Shaded area indi- cxes the region where the a b C stimuli are neglected as pre- dicted by three different hy- potheses: (a) Neglect is somatotopically defined with respect to the sensory surface projecting primarily to the contralateral, lesioned hemi- sphere. (b) Neglect is defined with respect to the sensory po- sition of one side of the hand (e.g., the side nearest the thumb on the right hand, re- gardless of hand orientation). (c) Neglect is defined with re- spect to a higher-order spatial frame-of-reference that is in- variant across hand orienta- tions (e.g., the thumb side of the right hand when the palm is down but the little finger side when the palm is up). I52 Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Volume 6, Number 2 Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/jocn.1994.6.2.151 by guest on 30 September 2021 side when the palm is down but the little finger side midline of the arm with one stimulus at the wrist and when the palm is up. The reverse would hold for the the second two inches away towards the elbow.' This left hand. was done in the palm up and palm down condition as before. The four patients who were available for testing in this condition could detect both stimuli perfectly in RESULTS both hand positions. The results (Table 1) for the right hand of the 10 patients with left-sided neglect due to right parietal lesions are DISCUSSION as follows: Neglect occurs predominantly on the left side without regard to the hand that is stimulated or its po- The critical finding is that the contralesional side of space sition. This pattern held for all 10 patients and was con- is neglected independent of hand position. These results Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/6/2/151/1755120/jocn.1994.6.2.151.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 firmed in a two-way analysis of variance with hand indicate that in the somatosensory system, as in the visual position (palm up/palm down) and location (thumbAittle system, hemineglect is defined with respect to a higher- finger) as within-subject variables.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dissociation Between Awareness and Spatial Coding: Evidence from Unilateral Neglect
    Dissociation between Awareness and Spatial Coding: Evidence from Unilateral Neglect Barbara Treccani1, Roberto Cubelli1, Roberta Sellaro1, Carlo Umiltà2, and Sergio Della Sala3 Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/24/4/854/1777452/jocn_a_00185.pdf by MIT Libraries user on 17 May 2021 Abstract ■ Prevalent theories about consciousness propose a causal re- dissociate. A patient with left neglect, who was not aware of lation between lack of spatial coding and absence of conscious contralesional stimuli, was able to process their color and po- experience: The failure to code the position of an object is sition. However, in contrast to (ipsilesional) consciously per- assumed to prevent this object from entering consciousness. ceived stimuli, color and position of neglected stimuli were This is consistent with influential theories of unilateral neglect processed separately. We propose that individual object fea- following brain damage, according to which spatial coding of tures, including position, can be processed without attention neglected stimuli is defective, and this would keep their process- and consciousness and that conscious perception of an ob- ing at the nonconscious level. Contrary to this view, we report ject depends on the binding of its features into an integrated evidence showing that spatial coding and consciousness can percept. ■ INTRODUCTION the effects of processing of neglected stimuli on responses Awareness of a stimulus can be defined as the explicit to stimuli presented in the intact hemispace. Properties knowledge of its physical and semantic properties or sim- that can be processed implicitly include color and shape, ply of its existence. This knowledge can be demonstrated identity of alphanumerical symbols, and even the mean- by direct reports of the perception of the stimulus; for ing of words and pictures (Della Sala, van der Meulen, example, by naming it, categorizing it, or just by signaling Bestelmeyer, & Logie, 2010; Làdavas, Paladini, & Cubelli, its presence.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Stroop with Directional Cues
    Manuscript accepted for publication in “Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology” Increased attentional load moves the left to the right Mario Bonato1,2 * and Simone Cutini3,4 1 Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University 2 Department of General Psychology, University of Padova 3 Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Padova 4 Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Padova Running head: Load-dependent contralesional mislocalizations * Corresponding author: Dr. Mario Bonato, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Introduction Unilateral brain damage can heterogeneously alter spatial processing. Very often brain-lesioned patients fail to report (neglect) items appearing within the contralesional space. Much less often patients mislocalize items’ spatial position. We investigated whether a top-down attentional load manipulation (dual-tasking), known to result in contralesional omissions even in apparently unimpaired cases, might also induce spatial mislocalizations. Method Nine right-hemisphere damaged patients performed three computer-based tasks encompassing different levels of attentional load. The side of appearance of visual targets had to be reported either in isolation or while processing additional information (visual or auditory dual-task). Spatial mislocalizations (from the contralesional hemispace towards the ipsilesional -unaffected- one) were then contrasted with omissions both within and across tasks, at individual as well as at group level. Results The representation of ipsilesional targets was accurate and not affected by dual-tasking requirements. Contralesional targets were instead often omitted and, under dual-task conditions, also mislocalized by four patients. Three cases reported a significant number of left targets as appearing on the right (alloesthesia).
    [Show full text]
  • Abadie's Sign Abadie's Sign Is the Absence Or Diminution of Pain Sensation When Exerting Deep Pressure on the Achilles Tendo
    A.qxd 9/29/05 04:02 PM Page 1 A Abadie’s Sign Abadie’s sign is the absence or diminution of pain sensation when exerting deep pressure on the Achilles tendon by squeezing. This is a frequent finding in the tabes dorsalis variant of neurosyphilis (i.e., with dorsal column disease). Cross References Argyll Robertson pupil Abdominal Paradox - see PARADOXICAL BREATHING Abdominal Reflexes Both superficial and deep abdominal reflexes are described, of which the superficial (cutaneous) reflexes are the more commonly tested in clinical practice. A wooden stick or pin is used to scratch the abdomi- nal wall, from the flank to the midline, parallel to the line of the der- matomal strips, in upper (supraumbilical), middle (umbilical), and lower (infraumbilical) areas. The maneuver is best performed at the end of expiration when the abdominal muscles are relaxed, since the reflexes may be lost with muscle tensing; to avoid this, patients should lie supine with their arms by their sides. Superficial abdominal reflexes are lost in a number of circum- stances: normal old age obesity after abdominal surgery after multiple pregnancies in acute abdominal disorders (Rosenbach’s sign). However, absence of all superficial abdominal reflexes may be of localizing value for corticospinal pathway damage (upper motor neu- rone lesions) above T6. Lesions at or below T10 lead to selective loss of the lower reflexes with the upper and middle reflexes intact, in which case Beevor’s sign may also be present. All abdominal reflexes are preserved with lesions below T12. Abdominal reflexes are said to be lost early in multiple sclerosis, but late in motor neurone disease, an observation of possible clinical use, particularly when differentiating the primary lateral sclerosis vari- ant of motor neurone disease from multiple sclerosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Deficits in Response Space Following Unilateral Striatal Dopamine Depletion in the Rat
    The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1989, g(3): 983-989 Deficits in Response Space Following Unilateral Striatal Dopamine Depletion in the Rat Verity J. Brown and Trevor W. Robbins Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom Hungry rats were trained to report the occurrence and lo- location of stimuli on one side of spaceonly, before depleting cation of brief, unpredictable visual stimuli presented to the DA in the striatum contralateral to that side. In another group left of their heads in 1 of 2 response locations. After training, of rats, DA was depleted from the striatum on the sameside as they received unilateral infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine, de- the discrimination, as a control procedure for nonspecific post- pleting dopamine throughout the head of the caudate pu- operative effects. tamen, either on the left or the right side, that is, either A secondquestion of importance concerning striatal neglect ipsilateral or contralateral to the side on which they were is whether a possible hemispatial deficit induced by unilateral required to respond. striatal lesionsis restricted to one side of the body or, altema- Following an ipsilateral lesion there were no impairments tively, is relative, or allocentric, in nature. Kinsboume and War- in localization of the visual discriminanda and there was no rington (1962) and Bisiach and Luzzatti (1978) found parietal lengthening of reaction time. The contralaterally lesioned neglect not only for left retinotopic, but also for left conceptual rats, however, showed considerably lengthened reaction space.In a human reaction time task, Ladavas (1987) described times to both stimuli and a profound bias to the nearer of 2 components of the neglect; there was not only an overall the 2 response locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference of Sensation at the Spinal Level by P
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.19.2.88 on 1 May 1956. Downloaded from J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 1956, 19, 88. REFERENCE OF SENSATION AT THE SPINAL LEVEL BY P. W. NATHAN From the Neurological Research Unit of the Medical Research Council, National Hospital, Queen Square, London After the spino-thalamic tract has been cut in The purpose of this paper is to describe the man, loss of sensation of pain and temperature features of such reference of sensation and to record caudal to the lesion is to be expected. In a small it in conditions other than in those previously proportion of patients, although analgesia-in the reported. Certain related phenomena will also be usual sense of the term-is present, painful or described. An investigation of the various forms thermal stimuli applied to parts of the body caudal of the reference of sensation will be reported; and to the lesion arouse a sensation, which is felt, not the possible underlying mechanism and the ana- at the place actually stimulated, but in a normally tomical implications will be considered. innervated part of the body. Thus, a pin applied to the analgesic left leg, for instance, may cause a Observations sensation referred to the normally innervated right has been observed in This reference of sensation Protected by copyright. leg. one patient having an amputation of an upper This form of reference of sensation following the limb, in one patient with a thrombosis of the cutting of the spino-thalamic tract on one side of anterior spinal artery, and in 13 patients following the cord was described by Ray and Wolff in 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Body Awareness Disorders: Dissociations Between Body-Related Visual and Somatosensory Information Laure Pisella, Laurence Havé, Yves Rossetti
    Body awareness disorders: dissociations between body-related visual and somatosensory information Laure Pisella, Laurence Havé, Yves Rossetti To cite this version: Laure Pisella, Laurence Havé, Yves Rossetti. Body awareness disorders: dissociations between body- related visual and somatosensory information. Brain - A Journal of Neurology , Oxford University Press (OUP), 2019, 142 (8), pp.2170-2173. 10.1093/brain/awz187. hal-02346581 HAL Id: hal-02346581 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02346581 Submitted on 7 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BADs: dissociations between body-related visual and somatosensory information L. Pisella1, L. Havé1,3 & Y. Rossetti1,2 1 ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292 and University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France 2 Plate-forme Mouvement et Handicap, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France 3 Hôpital d'instruction des armées Desgenettes, 69275 Lyon, France Glossary : Precuneus: medial part of the posterior parietal cortex, between the occipital (cuneus) and the anterior parietal (paracentral lobule) cortices, well located for visual- somatosensory integration. Body image typically depicts mental representation of one’s own body, arising from all sources of sensory and cognitive information, whereas body schema is used to depict the unconscious use of sensory information required by our motor system to maintain body posture and produce accurate movements.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Sensory Symptoms
    Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 139 (3rd series) Functional Neurologic Disorders M. Hallett, J. Stone, and A. Carson, Editors http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00024-2 © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved Chapter 24 Functional sensory symptoms J. STONE1* AND M. VERMEULEN2 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 2Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract Functional (psychogenic) sensory symptoms are those in which the patient genuinely experiences alter- ation or absence of normal sensation in the absence of neurologic disease. The hallmark of functional sen- sory symptoms is the presence of internal inconsistency revealing a pattern of symptoms governed by abnormally focused attention. In this chapter we review the history of this area, different clinical presentations, diagnosis (including sensitivity of diagnostic tests), treatment, experimental studies, and prognosis. Altered sensation has been a feature of “hysteria” since descriptions of witchcraft in the middle ages. In the 19th century hysteric sensory stigmata were considered a hallmark of the condition. Despite this long history, relatively little attention has been paid to the topic of functional sensory disturbance, compared to functional limb weakness or functional movement disorders, with which it commonly coexists. There are recognizable clinical patterns, such as hemisensory disturbance and sensory disturbance fin- ishing at the groin or shoulder, but in keeping with the literature on reliability of sensory signs in neurology in general, the evidence suggests that physical signs designed to make a positive diagnosis of functional sensory disorder may not be that reliable.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE JODY CULHAM Brain and Mind Institute Western Interdisciplinary Research Building 4118 Western University London, Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
    November 11, 2020 CURRICULUM VITAE JODY CULHAM Brain and Mind Institute Western Interdisciplinary Research Building 4118 Western University London, Ontario Canada N6A 5B7 Office: 1-(519)-661-3979 E-mail: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.culhamlab.com/ Citizenship: Canadian ACADEMIC CAREER Department of Psychology Western University (formerly University of Western Ontario) Professor, July 2013 – present Visiting Professor and Academic Nomad (Sabbatical): Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Italy (September 2015-February 2016); Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy (March-April 2016); Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Oxford University, UK (May 2016); University of Coimbra, Portugal (June 2016); Philipps University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen (July 2016), Tokyo Institute of Technology (August 2016). Associate Professor, July 2007 – June 2013 Visiting Associate Professor (Sabbatical), Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Netherlands (September-December 2008) and Department of Physiology and Residence of Higher Studies, University of Bologna, Italy (January-May 2009) Assistant Professor, July 2001 – June 2007 Affiliations: Brain and Mind Institute; Graduate Program in Neuroscience; Canadian Action and Perception Network Awards: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) E. W. R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship, June 2010 Senior Fellowship, University of Bologna, January-March 2009 Western Faculty Scholar Award, March 2008 Western Faculty of Medicine Dean’s Award for Excellence in Research in the Team category, CIHR Group on Action and Perception, 2007 Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator Award, 2003 Ontario Premier’s Research Excellence Award, 2003 McDonnell-Pew Postdoctoral Fellow Western University May 1997 - June 2001 Advisor: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnegie Mellon - University of Pittsburgh Joint Summer Undergraduate Program in Computational Neuroscience
    Carnegie Mellon - University of Pittsburgh Joint Summer Undergraduate Program in Computational Neuroscience Undergraduates interested in receiving research training in computational neuroscience are encouraged to apply to an NIH-sponsored summer program at the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition in Pittsburgh. The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition is a joint interdisciplinary program of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. The 2014 program will *tentatively* run from May 27 through August 1, 2014. The final deadline for application is Feb 11. All participants must be United States citizens or permanent residents, must be enrolled at a 4-year accredited institution, and must be in their sophomore or junior year at the time of application. Any undergraduate may apply, but we are especially interested in attracting students with strong quantitative backgrounds with some experience in calculus, statistics and/or computer programming. Experience in neuroscience is not required. Students from groups underrepresented in the sciences are encouraged to apply. The core of the program is the opportunity to carry out an individual mentored research project working closely with a faculty mentor. Other aspects of the scientific program include: 12 faculty lectures on computational neuroscience at the beginning, followed by student presentations and discussion of articles from the scientific literature, presentations on career options and scientific ethics, and a concluding symposium in which students present their research. Application form is available at: http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/summercompneuro Application can be returned via email or regular mail (see addresses below). In addition to the application, the following items are required for evaluation: * A brief (one page) essay about your interest and experience in neural computation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ben Cipollini +1 619-886-9187 [email protected]
    9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0404 La Jolla, CA 92093 Ben Cipollini +1 619-886-9187 [email protected] Research Projects (Advisor: Garrison Cottrell) Developing biologically-informed models of spatial integration in sparse long-range lat- eral connectivity, using rate-coded models, focused on the relationship between the sparseness and spread of connections and the system’s spatial frequency processing properties. Applying models of long-range lateral connections to lateralization in visual processing, using rate-coded models. Focused on explaining data in local/global processing (Sergent, 1982), spatial frequency grating classification (Christman et al., 1991; Kitterle et al., 1992), and face processing (Young and Bion, 1981) from asymmetries in the average distance of connections. Developing biologically-informed models of interhemispheric transfer, focusing on the corpus callosum. This includes rate-coded models with temporal delays (e.g. Ringo et al., 1994) as well as polychronous spiking neural networks (Izhikevich, 2005). Using allometric analyses to examine interhemispheric connectivity across species,using data (electron and light microscopy, MRI) parsed from figures in the literature . Education 2007–2014 Ph. D, specialization in human origins, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Cognitive Science Department 2007–2010 Master’s of Science in Cognitive Science, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Cognitione Science Department 2004–2005 Non-degree study, Yoshida Nihongo Gakuin, Tokyo, Japan. Japanese language study; achieved JLPT level 3 2003–2004 Non-degree study, University of Washington,Seattle,WA. Focus in cognitive psychology 1994–1998 Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Lehigh University,Bethlehem,PA. Minors in philosophy, astronomy, physics Research Work Experience July 2014–present Post-doctoral Researcher, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, PI: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Kavli Summer Institute in Cognitive Neuroscience
    v. 03/21/16 2016 Kavli Summer Institute in Cognitive Neuroscience Week 1: Brain Circuits in Behavior and Cognition* Course Directors Robert Knight Josef Parvizi Psychology & Neuroscience Neurology & Neurological Sciences University of California, Berkeley Stanford University During this week of the institute, we bring together neuroscientists using cutting-edge approaches including animal and human electrophysiology and neuroimaging. These methods are being used to address fundamental issues in neuroscience including perception, memory and decision-making. The course will emphasize the integration of data across species and the power of combining different approaches to understanding both local and distributed neural processing. Monday (6/20): PHYSIOLOGY FROM PERCEPT TO CONCEPT 8:00-8:30 Breakfast 8:30-8:45 Introductory Remarks – Robert Knight, Josef Parvizi, Barry Giesbrecht, Mike Miller 8:45-10:15 Josef Parvizi, Stanford University, ‘Localization of Functions in the Human Brain: Insights from Intracranial EEG and Electrical Brain Stimulation’ 10:15-10:30 Break 10:30-11:45 Ueli Rutishauer, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Cal Tech, ‘Probing the Mechanisms of Human Declarative Memory at the Single-Neuron Level’ 11:45-1:45 Lunch 1:45-5:00 Lab Session: – Neuroanatomy – Skirmantas Janusonis (UCSB) LOCATION: Physical Sciences Building North (PSBN), Rms. 2664 and 2666 http://www.aw.id.ucsb.edu/maps/ucsbmap.html (in D5, next to Chemistry). 5:00 Adjourn Tuesday (6/21): BRAIN CIRCUITS AND CODES 8:00-8:45 Breakfast 8:45-10:15 Mingzhou Ding, University of Florida, ‘Analyzing Brain Networks with Granger Causality’ 10:15-10:30 Break 10:30-11:45 Mark Stokes, Oxford University, ‘Exploring Activity-Silent States in Working Memory’ 11:45-1:45 Lunch 1:45-5:00 Lab Session: – Neuropsychology Videos – Robert Knight and Robert Rafal (Univ.
    [Show full text]
  • Altered Topology of Neural Circuits in Congenital Prosopagnosia
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Altered topology of neural circuits in congenital prosopagnosia Gideon Rosenthal1,2*, Michal Tanzer2,3, Erez Simony4,5, Uri Hasson6, Marlene Behrmann7, Galia Avidan1,2,3* 1Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; 2The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; 3Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; 4Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel; 5Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; 6Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, United States; 7Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States Abstract Using a novel, fMRI-based inter-subject functional correlation (ISFC) approach, which isolates stimulus-locked inter-regional correlation patterns, we compared the cortical topology of the neural circuit for face processing in participants with an impairment in face recognition, congenital prosopagnosia (CP), and matched controls. Whereas the anterior temporal lobe served as the major network hub for face processing in controls, this was not the case for the CPs. Instead, this group evinced hyper-connectivity in posterior regions of the visual cortex, mostly associated with the lateral occipital and the inferior temporal cortices. Moreover, the extent of this hyper- connectivity was correlated with the face recognition deficit. These results offer new insights into the perturbed cortical topology in CP, which may serve as the underlying neural basis of the behavioral deficits typical of this disorder. The approach adopted here has the potential to uncover *For correspondence: gidonro@ altered topologies in other neurodevelopmental disorders, as well.
    [Show full text]