E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 142 WASHINGTON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1996 No. 22 Senate

The Senate met at 11 a.m., and was morning business, the Senate will turn RESERVATION OF LEADERSHIP called to order by the President pro to the consideration of the conference TIME tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. report to accompany the District of Co- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under lumbia appropriations bill. It is ex- the previous order, the leadership time PRAYER pected that a cloture motion will be is reserved. The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John filed on that conference report today. f Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: No rollcall votes will occur during to- Dear God, bless America, beginning day’s session, however. The Senate MORNING BUSINESS with these Senators on whom You have may consider any legislative items The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under placed so much responsibility and from that can be cleared for action. the previous order, there will now be whom You expect so much. You have As a reminder to all Senators, the the period for the transaction of morn- brought them to the Senate at this next rollcall vote will be at 2:15 p.m. on ing business until 1 p.m., with Senators time, not only for what You want to do Tuesday, February 27. That vote will permitted to speak therein, the time through them in leading this Nation, be on the motion to invoke cloture on being equally divided between the two but also for what You intend to exem- the D.C. appropriations conference re- sides. plify to the Nation in the way they port. The Senator from Georgia is recog- work and live together. I understand, Mr. President, that nized. You have revealed in Scripture, there are some Senators who intend to Mr. NUNN. I thank the Chair. through the generations, and in our arrive shortly to speak in morning f own experience, that You pour out business, but until they arrive, I note THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE Your power when there is unity, mu- the absence of a quorum. UNITED STATES AND CHINA tual esteem, and affirmation of the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I rise oneness of our patriotism. Bless us BURNS). The clerk will call the roll. today to talk about the relationship with Your spirit so that we may dis- The assistant legislative clerk pro- between the United States and China. agree without being disagreeable, share ceeded to call the roll. Last summer the Aspen Strategy our convictions without being conten- Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I ask Group—cochaired by Ken Dam and my- tious, and lift up truth without putting unanimous consent that the order for self—under Director Michael Armacost each other down. Help us to seek to the quorum call be rescinded. and Associate Director Bruce convince without coercion, persuade The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Berkowitz met in Aspen, CO, for 4 days. without power moves, motivate with- objection, it is so ordered. We had an intensive and productive out manipulation. May we trust You discussion with a number of China ex- unreservedly and encourage each other f perts participating, including Michel unselfishly. In the name of our Lord. Okensberg, Chas. Freeman, and Amen. PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR Stapleton Roy. The views of all three f of these American China experts and Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I ask my subsequent discussions with Michel RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING unanimous consent that Maurice Oksenberg, Charles Freeman, and oth- MAJORITY LEADER Huthinson, a legislative fellow on my ers have been very helpful in my own The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The staff, be permitted the privilege of the analysis of United States-China rela- able acting majority leader, Senator floor during my remarks on the floor tions. LOTT, is recognized. this morning. I also made a recent trip to Asia that Mr. LOTT. I thank the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without included a stimulating and informative f objection, it is so ordered. forum in Malaysia sponsored by the If the Senator from Georgia would Asia Policy Group under the leadership SCHEDULE suspend so that the Chair might per- of Doug Paal and hosted by the Deputy Mr. LOTT. Today there will be a pe- form some household duties that have Prime Minister of Malaysia, Anwar riod of morning business until the hour not been performed. Ibrahim. during this conference—at- of 1 p.m., with the time equally divided Mr. NUNN. The Senator from Geor- tended by Senator KIT BOND, Senator on both sides of the aisle. Following gia will accommodate any request from BILL COHEN, and myself from the Con- the use or yielding back of the time in the Chair. gress—we had broad and stimulating

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S 1285 S 1286 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 discussions with government and busi- moving into the international economy point: Uncertainty is a permanent ness leaders from the ASEAN countries and is increasingly dependent upon it. quality of modern China. Even were and the entire Pacific region. Some of Each of these alone is an enormous China to embark a process that we those discussions included China, but transformation. These transitions are would call democratization, the devel- the agenda was much broader than just occurring at varying speeds and with a opment would be a lengthy one. His- China. scope unprecedented in history. tory shows it takes a long time to cre- I have greatly benefited from these The process and outcome of China’s ate a legal system, guarantees for pri- meetings and discussions with Deputy transformations are unknown. Much vate property, a parliamentary system, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and the about the Chinese future is unknown. a vigorous and free press, and the polit- other leaders from throughout the re- What will the nature of the political ical culture that can sustain a plural- gion and with Doug Paal, who led our system be a decade or a generation istic and tolerant civil society. As the group. During my trip to Asia, I joined hence? Will the succession to Deng American and British experience dem- Senator DIANNE FEINSTEIN and Senator Xiaoping continue to be an orderly onstrates and as we can now see in the JOHN GLENN in China for a series of one? Will there be widespread social former Soviet Union, that process meetings with top Chinese leadership. disorder? What about China’s military? takes decades. Not only must our ex- Mr. President, the growing impor- What will be its force structure a dec- pectations be realistic, but we cannot tance of China in world affairs demands ade hence? How is its military doctrine wait to engage extensively with China a purposeful, coherent, and consistent likely to evolve as it acquires new until it has become more like us or American policy toward China. History weaponry? What are and will be Chi- until it has settled down and its future is littered with the uninformed and in- na’s foreign policy proclivities? Will is more certain. effective responses of an established the Communist Party remain in power? Realistically, we must engage with power toward a rising power. often the What are the chances for democratiza- China and its current leaders now rath- rising power suffered from its own am- tion in China? Can the Central Govern- er than remaining aloof from this vast, bitions seeking to accelerate its rise ment remain in control or will China complex, ancient, and proud civiliza- through military means. In modern fragment or break apart, as we saw tion until it becomes to our liking. In history, we need only recall the pre- with the former Soviet Union? What short, China’s transition and its poten- World War II rise of Germany and would happen to its nuclear arsenal tial impels America, insofar as pos- Japan and the former Soviet Union and under such a situation? There is no sible, to be actors on the scene. the opportunities and mistakes our consensus on the answers to these Mr. President, as I mentioned earlier, country and the free world made in questions among the experts, either in I visited China last month with Sen- coping with their rise. or outside the Government. ators DIANNE FEINSTEIN and JOHN History should teach us that estab- The uncertainty about the Chinese GLENN. We had an opportunity to meet lished powers must provide consistent future has several important implica- with President Jiang Zemin, Executive and credible signals about their expec- tions. In light of China’s growing im- Vice Premier Zhu Rongji, Minister of tations and set forth reasonable terms portance, it is imperative that our National Defense General Chi Haotian, on which they are willing to incor- country make a maximum effort to un- Vice Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing, and porate the rising power into the inter- derstand it. This entails ensuring that others within China’s leadership. We national system. our Government has sufficient means had cordial, informative and frank dis- We are now watching the rise of to collect and analyze information cussions on a number of issues relating China—a development of at least equal about China, including extensive con- to the relationship between our two historical significance and implication tact with Chinese leaders and bureau- countries and stability in the entire re- as the rise of Russia, Germany, and crats at the national and provincial gion. Our discussions were greatly fa- Japan. This is occurring with the im- levels, and certainly people-to-people cilitated by Senator FEINSTEIN’s long- portant background of the rapid indus- programs with the Chinese people standing friendship with President trialization of Asia. Within 25 to 50 themselves. President, our Nation Jiang Zemin, a friendship that grew years, Mr. President, the lives of 3.5 must prepare itself intellectually for out of their being mayors of sister billion people who live in the arc from China’s more extensive involvement in cities—San Francisco and Shanghai at Korea to India to Pakistan are being world affairs. This is absolutely essen- the same time. They had many visits transformed. This development is as tial. during that period. significant for humanity and for the It is difficult to conceive of the inter- In recent weeks, China has stepped citizens of our country as the Renais- national community effectively ad- up its military exercises in areas close sance or the Industrial Revolution dressing a number of pressing issues to Taiwan. It has mobilized a large which transformed our people into the such as the proliferation of weapons of number of forces on the mainland most productive, wealthy, and free peo- mass destruction and their means of across from Taiwan. There have been ple on Earth. At the center of Asia’s delivery, international terrorism, and credible reports that China has pro- rise is China, a nuclear power with the narcotrafficking, environmental chal- vided nuclear technology to Pakistan largest military forces in terms of lenges, and the regulation of trade, in contravention of the Nuclear Non- manpower, in the world, and a perma- without China’s participation. proliferation Treaty and its solemn nent member of the U.N. Security Because of the profound Chinese treaty obligations to over 150 state par- Council. China is a nation with 1.2 bil- transition, American engagement is es- ties to the treaty. If those reports are lion people, an economy growing at sential. We are not likely to signifi- verified, sanctions would be triggered nearly 10 percent a year for over the cantly affect events over the short run, automatically under U.S. law, unless last decade, and as we too often for- but—by engaging in dialog about our they are waived by the President. get—a distinctive civilization of great mutual interests and our grievances, In recent months, China’s behavior antiquity. by speaking in clear terms in this dia- has raised concerns in Asia and in the China is in the midst of four major log; by participating in China’s devel- United States. The concerns which transitions: opment; by greater military trans- have been expressed not only in this First, from a planned economy to a parency between our countries; by country, but also in Asia include: state-guided market economy. helping to educate China’s next genera- China’s military expenditures con- Second, from rule by the Long March tion of intellectuals, which we are tinue to rise along with its economy. It revolutionaries who established the doing by assisting it in alleviating continues to test nuclear weapons de- Communist regime to a rule by bureau- some of its economic and institutional spite the protests of its neighbors. It crats, technocrats, and military profes- problems—its evolution is more likely has made territorial claims far into the sionals. to be in directions favorable to peace South China Sea. It has adopted an Third, from a rural agricultural soci- and stability in the Pacific as well as unyielding posture toward Hong Kong ety to an urban, industrial society. to American interests. and has repeatedly threatened Taiwan. Fourth, from a largely self-sufficient, China’s transition is likely to be pro- Its record on missile sales to Pakistan largely isolated economy to one that is tracted. The experts do agree on one is troubling and in probable violation February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1287 of its assurances to both the Bush and As we begin to think about a China mire our technology, and assuming a Clinton administrations that it would policy, perhaps we should begin, not positive relationship, I believe the Chi- respect the missile technology control just with our litany of concerns about nese prefer buying from Americans regime [MTCR] even though it is not a China, but also with some understand- over both Japanese and Europeans. I member. Its human rights record, in- ing of their concerns about us. China think we need to take that sentiment cluding the sentencing of Wei has its own list of grievances about the into account in our own trade posture Jingsheng, raises basic human rights United States. Although I believe that and our own export posture. concerns, affronting American sense of most of these complaints are due to Thoughtful Chinese know the United fairplay as well. And its inability to misperceptions and misunderstandings, States is not seeking to contain crack down on violations of trade we must be aware that if China’s lead- China—I want to underscore that—but agreements, including intellectual ers conclude rightly or wrongly that property violations, raise serious trade there are many in China who do not see the United States looks upon them as it that way. We have welcomed over concerns. It is certainly possible that adversaries, they will respond in kind. these developments which are trou- 40,000 Chinese students now enrolled in We have a right to demand that the our universities. We are one of China’s bling, are also harbingers of difficult Chinese keep their agreements—we relations between our Nation and principal export markets. American must also keep ours. businesses have invested $9.45 billion in China in the months to come. America is seen by many in China as But there are also developments on China since 1978. We have welcomed attempting to isolate, divide, encircle, Chinese participation in the World the other side of the ledger that are too and contain China. They cite, among often ignored. China has not obstructed Bank, the International Monetary others, the following list of grievances: Fund, and regional multilateral organi- U.N. and NATO peacekeeping oper- First, delay on China’s application ations and sanctions even though it zations. With our Government’s en- for membership in the World Trade Or- openly doubted their appropriateness couragement hundreds of American ganization which they believe is a vio- or efficiency. It has made important foundations, philanthropic organiza- lation of our 1992 bilateral agreement contributions to maintaining stability tions, and education and research insti- on market access. in Korea and in settling the Cambodian tutes now have wide-ranging exchanges Second, refusing to grant China per- civil war. It continues to expand eco- with counterpart Chinese institutions. manent, unconditional, most favored nomic and cultural relations with Tai- This is the record of a partner, not an nation treatment. adversary, in world affairs. wan and, until 1995, it was regularly ex- Third, constant U.S. criticism on panding people to people ties to Taiwan human rights. China would like to build a stronger and reducing military tensions in the Fourth, preventing China from military-to-military relationship, and strait. It is in the process of opening it- hosting the 2000 Summer Olympics. though it does not say so openly, it un- self to foreign direct investment and to Fifth, 1992 sale of F–16’s to Taiwan. derstands the stability that the United wide-spread consumption of U.S. Sixth, visits to Taipei of U.S. Trade States military force presence brings consumer goods in ways that go well Representative Carla Hills in the Bush to Northeast Asia. I believe that with beyond the opportunities many other administration and Transportation some notable exceptions, including Asian countries allow. It has an- Secretary Pen˜ a in the Clinton adminis- Taiwan, the Chinese military is more nounced the reduction of tariffs by 34 tration. open to warmer United States-China percent and plans further reductions to Seventh, visit of Taiwan’s head of ties than some other elements of the the average of developing countries in state to the United States, after being Chinese leadership and these inclina- the region. assured by top U.S. officials that the tions have been strengthened by the It has modified its social and cultural visit would not occur. visit and the leadership of Secretary of control over its people, so that its au- Beyond these frequently cited griev- Defense Bill Perry. Thus, America has thoritarian government, while still ances, the leaders of China have several many strengths in dealing with China, harsh, has moved far from the reign of broader concerns about the United yet there are serious limits on our abil- terror of the cultural revolution days. States. They are concerned that the ity fully to utilize these strengths. We While far from acceptable by our United States wishes permanently to need to also understand that. present standards, by every conceiv- separate Taiwan from the mainland able measure, China’s treatment of its First, China is embedded in Asia, po- and perhaps to foster an independent own people in 1996 is far better than at litically and economically, and the Taiwan. They question whether the the time of President Nixon’s opening United States cannot pursue a success- United States wishes them to be a full in 1972 and President Carter’s normal- ful policy toward China in isolation participant in the establishment of the ization in 1979. In the last 10 years, an from the rest of the region. Our allies enormous number of Chinese people post-cold-war order. They cite Wash- in Asia would not be prepared or will- have moved from poverty to a decent ington’s reluctance to see them as a ing to follow America’s lead if we de- standard of living. I will have more to member of the World Trade Organiza- cided to isolate China nor are they say on the subject of human rights in tion or to invite them to join other willing to employ economic sanctions. China in the weeks ahead. groupings that formulate policy for the Our friends in Europe and Japan will be Mr. President, China has pledged to international community. most delighted to fill any Chinese need cease nuclear testing, but not before Perhaps most important, though which develops if the United States the negotiation and entry into effect of these words are seldom spoken di- employs economic sanctions. a comprehensive test ban treaty. It has rectly, with communism dead as an ideology and with no real democratic America is still viewed in China and played a quiet but positive role in as- in Asia as a land of wealth and oppor- sisting our quest—a very important process conveying power and legit- tunity. But, in China and elsewhere in quest—for a nuclear-free Korean Penin- imacy, the Chinese leadership is vul- Asia, among even United States sula. In the Middle East, the Chinese nerable to nationalistic sentiment at friends, many believe and privately have now developed ties with the mod- home if they yield to what is seen as say, that we are a declining power eco- erate states, including Israel. American pressure and demands. As a This combination of welcome and result, China is reluctant to undertake nomically and culturally. The attrac- troublesome developments requires a the responsibilities that the United tion of American society has eroded United States policy that is carefully States expects her to fulfill as an not only in China, but elsewhere in managed. Unfortunately, the U.S. Gov- emerging great power. Asia, primarily, in my view, as a result ernment, the executive branch, as well We should not, however, underesti- of our own social ills, which are pub- as Congress, currently have not devel- mate American strength in Chinese licized all over the world. In Asia, as oped such a policy toward the most eyes—economically, militarily, and elsewhere, perceptions matter. populous and the most rapidly develop- ideologically. They understand and re- The Chinese see much that is attrac- ing country on Earth. To allow this spect our military strength. They un- tive in the Asian model of development vacuum to continue would be both irre- derstand the importance of China’s ac- pursued by Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and sponsible and dangerous. cess to the American market. They ad- Singapore. S 1288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 The United States had a relationship time to end the period of estrangement Our strategy should be to welcome and with China that expanded and pros- between the United States and China. incorporate China in the world commu- pered from 1972 to 1989. We worked to- President Clinton’s meeting in New nity at a relatively early stage in its gether in areas of common interest, ex- York with President Jiang Zemin was rise, with the explicit Chinese commit- changed views, tried to harmonize our a beginning down that road, and I hope ment to abide by international stand- views whenever we could, sought com- we can greatly intensify those visits to ards and to develop the domestic insti- mon policies, and sought to narrow and the top level and, indeed, the working tutional capacity to do so. contain differences. Since 1989, we have level. This approach should serve not only been deferring discussion of common This dialog can inspire mutual con- America and international interests, interests and emphasizing differences. fidence and understanding, but only if but China’s interests. Our strategy To continue down this path is a pre- we display an unambiguous willingness should be intended to elicit Chinese co- scription for posturing, animosity, to be firm when China’s leaders do not operation rather than to compel Chi- brinkmanship, and danger. meet their responsibilities and com- nese behavior. Mr. President, our Nation must de- mitments, as well as a meticulous Third, a framework with China must velop a purposeful, coherent and con- management of our China policy to en- be based upon mutual dignity and mu- sistent American policy toward China sure that we adhere to our commit- tual respect. We must seek to identify and a strategy to implement our pol- ments. our important mutual interests and icy. We must also explain in clear Mr. President, I do not pretend today make progress in these areas while terms to both our own citizens and to to offer a comprehensive China policy, striving to ensure that our points of the Chinese the underlying rationale but I do offer a few observations and disagreement do not dominate every for our policy and our actions. suggestions. agenda. If we proceed in this fashion, In the absence of a clear policy, it is First, the Clinton administration the areas of disagreement are likely to inevitable that we in the Congress will should develop a broader policy frame- be put into a broader perspective where chase off in separate directions with work regarding United States-China re- progress can be made toward resolution different priorities, while the executive lations and stability in Northeast Asia over time. In spite of our recent dis- branch lurches from one transitory and a strategy to advance that policy. agreements, there are clearly crucial issue to the next, addressing each prob- Regarding this framework, I believe areas of strong mutual interests be- lem in an ad hoc fashion. In the ab- some of its components—and I am not tween the United States and China, in- sence of an overall policy framework, pretending to name them all this cluding avoiding an arms race in policy becomes fragmented, the captive morning—are clearly visible: a contin- Northeast Asia; avoiding confrontation of single issue constituencies. ued and robust American military pres- on the Korean Peninsula and prevent- Those in the executive branch bear ence in Asia is fundamental to the sta- ing a nuclear weapons buildup by ei- the primary responsibility for enun- bility of Northeast Asia and peace in ther North or South Korea. ciating our policy, but as we see from the region; and we should approach Also, avoiding the introduction of Taiwan’s President Li’s visit to the China in close coordination with nuclear weapons in the Persian Gulf United States, the actions of Congress Japan, Korea, and our Asian partners. area; avoiding the proliferation of often influence U.S. policy, for better We cannot pursue a successful China weapons of mass destruction and their or worse. United States policy towards policy unless that policy is supported means of delivery; easing tensions in China must be developed in close con- in the region. We must make clear that South Asia between India and Paki- sultation with the congressional lead- the cooperation we seek from our tra- stan; maintaining stability in North- ership of both parties. ditional allies and friends is not for the east Asia and the general area of the In the immediate future, we should purpose of confronting or containing Pacific; maintaining stability in begin a dialog between China and the China, but for involving China more ex- Southeast Asia, including the emer- United States at all levels, including tensively and constructively in re- gence of a peaceful Vietnam and ending the highest levels—to discuss and gional affairs. We should strengthen and healing the conflict in Cambodia. where appropriate to act in unison in the linkages between China, the United Also, enhancing the efforts of the addressing these areas. Both the Unit- States, and the rest of Asia so that U.N. Security Council to maintain ed States and China must get away China becomes firmly integrated with international peace and security; keep- from the current practice of diatribe the United States in the emerging Pa- ing sea lanes open for commerce; ad- and criticism. This dialog should not cific community. We must reverse a dressing transnational problems, such be portrayed as resolving our dif- widespread perception that America’s as illegal narcotics and terrorism; pro- ferences but rather beginning to find role in the region is in decline. tecting the environment, including the common ground and to reserving our Second, we should make it clear that seas; enhancing the rule of law in different views for those issues that we are prepared to facilitate China’s China; and, finally, maintaining the cannot be immediately resolved. Simi- participation in the international prosperity of Hong Kong and Taiwan. larly, established channels for dialogue economy and international security ar- This is clearly in the interests of between Washington and Taipei must rangements in the expectation that China, as well as the United States. be utilized and strengthened so that China will abide by the norms of those Our two nations will not always there is a clear understanding of our international regimes. The incorpora- agree on how to address these inter- respective views. tion of China in the world community ests, but we have enough mutuality to And may I remind my colleagues will entail some mutual adjustments, find significant areas of common ap- that 7 years have passed since an but China cannot expect to derive the proach and cooperation. Without this American President or Vice President benefits without bearing the burdens of framework for the discussion of mutual has journeyed to Beijing or the Presi- its newly acquired status. China’s ad- interests, little progress is likely to be dent or Premier of China has been in mission to the various international made on the issues where we differ. Washington. During that time, the institutions will be facilitated and ac- With this framework, I believe that leaders of China have been to every celerated if they are able to dem- progress can be made even in difficult major capital in the world, and the onstrate a solid record of compliance areas of disagreement. leaders of other major countries have with their international commitments, Finally, Congress should pass no laws visited Beijing on many occasions. Mis- including trade agreements, the Nu- or concurrent resolutions on China or understandings and misperceptions are clear Nonproliferation Treaty and the Taiwan at least until after the elec- bound to flourish in the absence of dia- guidelines of the Missile Technology tions in Taiwan which take place on log. Meetings do not guarantee agree- Control Regime, which they were not March 23—in just a few weeks. I believe ment. But they reduce the chance of part of formulating, but they have that Members of Congress should speak conflict through miscalculation. agreed to the basic principles of it. In their views on these issues frankly and It would be irresponsible and dan- the nonproliferation arena, China candidly, but in the present tense at- gerous for the United States and China should be involved in formulating the mosphere congressional legislation or to continue on our present course. It is policies we expect them to abide by. resolutions are likely to create more February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1289 heat than light. I also hope that our derscores that America’s relations with produce many of these same results. It China policy will not become a par- the People’s Republic of China rest would also disrupt the economies of tisan political issue during the United upon the expectation that the future of China and Taiwan and would result in States Presidential election campaign. Taiwan will be determined by peaceful a tragic loss of life and property. Sure- Each time that has happened in past means; that we would consider any ef- ly we all wish to avoid a repeat of Que- Presidential campaigns, our China pol- fort to determine the future of Taiwan moy-Matsu tension, which lasted for a icy has been the victim rather than the by other than peaceful means, includ- long time, to the detriment of the peo- beneficiary of that kind of partisan- ing by boycotts or embargoes, a threat ple on both the mainland and Taiwan. ship. to peace and security of the Western Americans feel very close to the peo- Mr. President, we have a number of Pacific and of grave concern to the ple of Taiwan. We are very proud of important differences and misunder- United States. This act also declared it their accomplishments. The people of standings with China which must be to be our policy to provide Taiwan with Taiwan have made enormous strides discussed firmly and frankly within arms of a defensive character; and to economically as well as politically. our overall strategic framework. These maintain the capability of the United There are an example to much of the issues include arms proliferation, trade States to resist any resort to force or developing world. disputes, and human rights concerns, other forms of coercion that would It is important for the United States, which I will discuss in the coming jeopardize the security, or the social or as a friend, to be clear with the Tai- weeks. economic system, of the people of Tai- wanese that they must not misjudge The most dangerous of these dif- wan. China on the question of Taiwan inde- ferences is the issue of Taiwan. This framework of the three commu- pendence. The Chinese leaders by their words niques and the Taiwan Relations Act It is important that the people of and by their actions make it abun- has served both sides of the Taiwan Taiwan understand that a unilateral dantly clear that any attempt by Tai- Strait as well as the United States and declaration of Taiwan’s independence wan to establish its independence from the Pacific region well for almost 17 would be inconsistent with United the mainland will result in a con- years. For example, it made possible States foreign policy as set forth and frontation with the mainland. It is the relaxation of tensions in the strait followed by President Nixon, President clear that the Chinese do not desire a which allowed trade and interaction of Ford, President Carter, President military clash, but it is also clear that the two sides to take place. Reagan, President Bush, and President they believe that their national sov- It encouraged Taiwan to abolish mar- Clinton. ereignty and national pride are at tial law and become a prosperous de- It is also important for the Chinese stake on the question of Taiwan’s fu- mocracy. to understand that the United States ture. Neither America nor Taiwan It made available to the Chinese on values its friendship and its relation- should take lightly this Chinese posi- the mainland the talents and capital of ship with the people on Taiwan. It is tion. Beijing has drawn a firm line on the people on Taiwan. crucial that the Chinese understand this question. It played a major role in the success that if China uses force to resolve the It is essential that America also of China’s drive for modernization. Taiwan issue, the United States will should make our policy and our inten- It produced a sense of security that not stand idly by but will surely re- tions clear. The framework for Amer- allowed the emergence of critical con- spond. ican policy on Taiwan already exists in ditions in which both Taiwan and the For our part, the United States the three joint communiques under mainland could prosper. should make it very clear that we will President Nixon in 1972, President Americans have applauded the build- oppose either side’s attempt to change Carter in 1979, and President Reagan in ing of economic and people-to-people the status quo either by the use of 1982 and the Taiwan Relations Act of ties across the strait. These ties have force by Beijing or by unilateral dec- 1979. The joint communiques establish not just been between individuals and laration of independence by Taiwan. that the Government of the People’s families but also between businesses The United States position should be Republic of China is the sole legal gov- and academic institutions. We have ap- clear that we are prepared to live with ernment of China, that there is but one plauded the efforts of both sides to any outcome negotiated in good faith China, that the United States acknowl- build on those ties toward an expanded between China and Taiwan. The future edges China’s claim that Taiwan is relationship. Such an expanded rela- of Taiwan must be settled by mutual part of China, and that the resolution tionship advances the realization of agreement between the parties, not by of the Taiwan issue is a matter to be longstanding American hopes for the the unilateral actions of either. For worked out peacefully by the two sides peaceful settlement of the dispute be- that to happen, Taipei must stop its themselves. This is America’s solemn tween the people on both sides of the political provocations and Beijing agreement with China entered into by Taiwan Strait. must stop its military provocations. Presidents Nixon, Carter, and Reagan A military confrontation between The people of China and the people of and followed as United States policy by China and Taiwan would harm both Taiwan should resume a high-level dia- Presidents Ford, Bush, and Clinton. China and Taiwan. It would have long- log to foster clear understandings and President Reagan stated our policy term consequences for Northeast Asia increased cooperation. Enormous very clearly in his letters of April 5, and the Pacific and would likely set off progress has been made in economic 1982, to Vice Chairman Deng Xiaoping a serious arms race in Asia as Charles cooperation and people-to-people con- and Premier Zhao Ziyang. In his letter Freeman pointed out in his op-ed piece tacts as well as visits on both sides of to Vice Chairman Deng Xiaoping, in the New York Times last week, a the strait. While economic develop- President Reagan stated ‘‘There is only war in the Taiwan Strait ‘‘would not ment and people-to-people cooperation one China. We will not permit the unof- only threaten Taiwan’s democracy but are emphasized, political questions are ficial relations between the American also finish any hopes of America’s complicated and emotional and their people and the people of Taiwan to building a constructive relationship resolution will require a long-term ef- weaken our commitment to this prin- with China.’’ And, in commenting upon fort. This will involve a trait for which ciple.’’ In his letter to Premier Zhao a United States decision to either in- the Chinese people are famous—pa- Ziyang, President Reagan stated, ‘‘The tervene or not do anything in the case tience. differences between us are rooted in of a war, he stated that ‘‘the results in I thank the Chair, and I thank my the long-standing friendship between either case would probably be Japanese colleagues. the American people and the Chinese rearmament, military rivalry between Mr. BREAUX addressed the Chair. people who live on Taiwan. We will Tokyo and Beijing, a loss of confidence The PRESIDING OFFICER (MR. welcome and support any peaceful reso- between Tokyo and Washington and DEWINE). The Senator from Louisiana. lution to the Taiwan question.’’ alarm throughout Asia.’’ And as Michel Mr. BREAUX. Let me inquire of the The Chinese should understand that Oksenberg points out, while war is not Chair of the time situation. I know the Taiwan Relations Act is the law of the primary danger at this point, a pro- time is allotted to both sides. How our land. This act, passed in 1979, un- tracted military confrontation could much is remaining on this side? S 1290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the month of February. February 2, The House bill puts a cap on the pu- Chair advises the Senator from Louisi- 1996: ‘‘Two Killed, 20 Hurt in California nitive damages that can be awarded in- ana that the minority has 19 minutes Train Derailment.’’ On February 10, stead of letting a jury or a judge deter- 54 seconds remaining. this year: ‘‘Three Die in New Jersey mine, after seeing the facts, what it Mr. BREAUX. I thank the Chair. Transit Commuter Train Wreck.’’ Feb- should be. The Senate bill has a similar f ruary 16, again, this month, the third provision that puts a cap on punitive such incident: ‘‘Brake Failure Causes damages as well; in other words, re- AMTRAK REAUTHORIZATION Yet Another Train Wreck—9 Workers stricting how much someone can be pe- Mr. BREAUX. Mr. President, I take Injured, FBI Called In To Probe.’’ And, nalized by a judge and a jury for caus- this time to comment on legislation of course, one that we are very familiar ing an accident where gross negligence that has been reported out of the Sen- with in this area, on February 17: has been proven beyond a doubt. ate Commerce Committee reauthoriz- ‘‘MARC-Amtrak Trains Collide Killing That I think is simply wrong. We ing the Amtrak rail system in this 12.’’ And then the fifth such accident, should not be moving in that direction. country and also instituting not just a on February 22: ‘‘Colorado Train De- We should allow punitive damages to reauthorization but as well an effort to rails, 2 Killed, Acid Spills.’’ be assessed on those rare occasions try to bring about major reforms to the Mr. President, I say to all of our col- when they need to be, as a form of say- Amtrak passenger rail system in this league who may be listening and to the ing to a corporation or an individual, country. American public that these five major ‘‘Do not do that again. If you do, you Let me say that the committee train accidents that occurred in a 1- are going to be severely penalized.’’ worked long and hard. The distin- month period are disturbing to me, dis- That is an incentive to do a better job. guished Presiding Officer is a member turbing to my colleagues and, I think, That is an incentive to make things of the Senate Commerce Committee indeed disturbing to the American pub- safer. That is an incentive to do more that worked on that legislation. It is lic. They want to know that the trains inspections and to make sure things apparent that I have expressed some they ride on, the trains that carry the work the way the American public has public concerns about bringing this goods and services of this Nation are come to depend on their working. piece of legislation to the floor of the safe, they can be counted on and that The second thing I am concerned Senate under a unanimous consent ar- they are dependable. about is that there is a cap in the rangement to be handled in the Senate Again, I will point out that I have a House-passed bill on the Amtrak reau- great deal of respect for all of these without the possibility of any amend- thorization on limiting how much a private companies. They are attempt- ments—indeed, without any discussion, person can recover for pain and suffer- ing to do a good job. The concern I just bring it up under a unanimous- ing in an injury from a rail accident. have right now and the reason I ob- consent procedure and then pass it and How do we in Congress, sitting in jected to bringing the Amtrak reau- send it on to the other body, over to Washington, DC, where we have not the House side. I have objected to that thorization legislation to this body without the ability of any discussion, been out to interview a family or not procedure because I think this, indeed, under a unanimous consent agreement heard testimony of those who have lost is a subject that needs to be discussed that prevents any ability to offer a member of their family or been dis- and debated in this Chamber. amendments to that legislation, is be- figured or lost the ability to have any Let me start by first saying that I cause I think there is a real possibility income in the future because of the in- very strongly support the concept of that some would like to further re- juries, how do we in Washington pick a and the need for Amtrak reauthoriza- strict individuals’ rights to be com- number and say this is the maximum tion. The passenger rail system pro- pensated when rail accidents occur. amount they can receive for pain and vides incredible economic assistance When you have five in 1 month, Mr. suffering as a result of the negligence and transportation to industries and President, I think we need to look at of someone that has injured them? individuals in this country. Indeed, our how these railroads are operating, how How can we in Washington, who have entire rail system in this country is we can help them do a better job, and, never seen the injured people, never second to no other country. We can be yes, at the same time make sure that heard their testimony in a trial, never proud of what Amtrak has brought in people who are injured by accidents viewed that testimony firsthand, pick terms of passenger service to this coun- where negligence was the cause of that a number and say this is a fair number try, as well as the freight and private accident are adequately compensated, in every case that ever happens in carriers, and the good economic possi- and, yes, even to the point of providing America? How many of us in this body bilities that they make happen every punitive damages when gross neg- or the other body have interviewed any day by having this national transpor- ligence occurs and is the proven cause of the people injured in five train tation system of railroads in our coun- of that particular accident. wrecks all over the country just this try. All our industries and our busi- Now, the reason I bring up these con- month? nesses and our individual lives are cerns to the Senate today is because of How can we say that x amount of touched every day by having such a the provisions that are in the bill that money is a cap that can never be ex- fine rail system. I think by and large has already passed the House of Rep- ceeded? That is not a function of the the various private companies do an resentatives and what they attempt to U.S. Senate. Those numbers and those outstanding job in maintaining their do to the American public in the area amounts for pain and suffering, when level of providing these services as well of safety and the ability to be com- someone is severely injured, can best as doing their best to provide quality pensated. Two things leap out that I be decided, I think, by juries and by services in a safe manner so that every- am very concerned about, and some of courts and by judges who, in a public body who uses the rail system can be these features are in the Senate bill. forum, have listened to the witnesses, assured of their safety. First, there is a cap on punitive dam- seen their injuries, heard expert testi- The concern that I have—a concern ages in the House-passed bill. In other mony about how bad they are injured. we need to have this Senate body de- words, if a railroad is found to be gross- Maybe for the rest of their lives they bate and discuss—is making sure that ly negligent, almost to the point of are going to suffer those same injuries. we do not do anything in this legisla- saying: ‘‘We don’t care what happens. Let them decide what is an adequate tion to lessen the requirements of If you get hit, we will pay the damages; amount for compensation. these private companies and, indeed, we don’t care.’’ And I am not saying The third concern that I have, which our public Amtrak system in the anybody fits in that category. It is is probably the biggest concern, is standards of safety that they must pro- very rare that punitive damages are something that I just do not under- vide to the American public. awarded. But when they are awarded, it stand and, quite frankly, I think was a We all have witnessed this month a is to say to the defendant who has been terrible mistake on the part of the set of accidents around this country grossly negligent, ‘‘We are going to pe- other body when they passed this legis- that I think are very disturbing, to say nalize you so you don’t do it again. Do lation. It is called indemnification. I the least. Look at the headlines that not think it is easier to pay the dam- will just read it and then I will attempt have appeared in newspapers just in ages than to fix the problem.’’ to try to explain it, because we write February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1291 laws sometimes that nobody can ever I just think it makes no sense what- The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is understand unless they put it in Eng- soever from the standpoint of any correct. lish. Sometimes I think we write in standard of public policy to say that f foreign languages. we should allow indemnification agree- The House bill says: ments to allow someone to shift their POPULISM INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS— responsibility, even when they are Mr. DORGAN. There is an old axiom This is in title IV of the House-passed grossly negligent, to some other party in politics, when your adversaries are bill. It says: and say, ‘‘You take it. You take my re- having a healthy feud, never walk Obligations of any party, however arising, sponsibility. You take my responsibil- across the street and get involved in it. including obligations arising under leases or ity for the pain, for the damages that I will not do that this morning. I am contracts or pursuant to orders of an admin- my negligence caused,’’ and particu- tempted to. However, I wanted to dis- istrative agency, to indemnify against dam- larly in this case when it is the Federal cuss, at least a bit, the issue of popu- ages or liability for personal injury, death, taxpayer, because we in this authoriza- lism. I will not discuss so much the de- or damage to property described in sub- tion are funding Amtrak. tails of the feud that is going on in the section (a), incurred after the date of the en- When we fund Amtrak, the taxpayers Republican Party and in the primaries, actment of Amtrak Reform and Privatiza- but I do want to talk about the issue of tion Act of 1995, shall be enforceable, not- are paying for Amtrak. So why should withstanding any other statutory or com- the taxpayer be paying for the gross populism. mon law or public policy, or the nature of negligence of some private industry What propelled me to do that today the conduct giving rise to the damages or li- when it is their fault that the accident was Time magazine. There is a picture ability. occurred? I think we have to look at of Pat Buchanan in a hard hat and If you read that the first time, your this very carefully. We have to reject it work shirt, and Lamar Alexander peek- eyes glaze over. Certainly mine do. And if it comes back. It is not part of the ing over his shoulder in his plaid shirt, I say, ‘‘What did he say?’’ It sounds Senate bill, but it is part of the House- and then Bob DOLE and Steve Forbes convoluted and like it was written by a passed bill, along with the caps on pu- behind them. lawyer. Yes, it probably was. nitive damages, along with the caps on It says, ‘‘Grand Old Populists.’’ So I What that section that is in the pain and suffering. am presuming, I guess, that GOP House-passed bill simply says—and one If there ever was a time when we means ‘‘Grand Old Populists.’’ I wanted of my biggest fears is that the Senate should be more careful about protect- to talk a little about this issue of popu- may agree to it in a conference—it says ing the rights of injured people and lism. It is a fascinating concept to see as simply as I can put it, if a private more careful about ensuring mecha- these, as one of my colleagues in the railroad that owns the track and owns nisms in our laws that provide incen- Senate calls them, Grey Poupon-eat- the signals and has not kept them up, tives and inducements for both public ing-, Jacuzzi-, country-club folks, has completely ignored conditions or bodies and public railroads and private wearing hard hats and work shirts and put in the wrong signals or has their railroads to do a better job, now is the calling themselves populists. Let us put all this in perspective. own train that is running on their own time. About 80 or 90 million years ago, the tracks, when the engineer is grossly I cannot imagine someone standing brontosaurus and triceratops and ty- negligent, who is maybe intoxicated or up on the floor at this critical time and suggesting that what we ought to do is rannosaurus rex were running across under the influence of drugs, is running southwestern North Dakota. They are their train, that if all those things make it harder and more difficult for people who are injured in rail accidents digging some of them up, by the way. occur, and it runs into an Amtrak train Then we skipped and fast forwarded, and, heaven forbid, kills passengers on to be justly compensated. I cannot imagine anybody at this critical time and it was about 5,000 years ago that that Amtrak train, that this section we discovered there were people specifically says that the private rail- coming to the floor of the House or the Senate and suggesting that private around, and about 2,000 years ago Jesus roads can have an indemnification railroads should be able to shirk their was alive. About 500 years ago Colum- agreement that absolves them of any legal responsibility for gross neg- bus was relatively lost and stumbled responsibility, absolves them of any li- ligence, if and when it occurs, onto the onto the southern part of this con- ability no matter how negligent they backs of the American taxpayer in- tinent, and despite the fact that the were, and they can shift that liability stead of standing up and saying, ‘‘Yes, folks who were living here greeted his to Amtrak and say that the American we were responsible. Yes, we have to boat, he was credited with discovering taxpayer, who happens to fund Am- pay. Yes, we are going to correct this something or another. trak, is going to have to pay for the problem.’’ And 200 years ago our country was damages, pay for pain and suffering, That is the issue, as simply as I can born. Then 100 years ago we created pay for the damages to the community, possibly state it, that we are going to planes, trains, and automobiles, rough- the damages that are caused by that be facing when this legislation comes ly speaking. And 75 and 50 years ago it wreck, even though it was completely to the floor. That is the reason that I was the radio, then television. And 25 and totally the fault of the private have said time and again, do not bring years ago we put a man on the Moon. railroad. this to the floor under a unanimous- Then 10 years ago the computer be- I suggest to my colleagues that it is consent agreement. Do not tie the came something that you could have in not good public policy to allow a pri- hands of Members of Congress in our your home and then later carry on vate industry to shift the responsibil- ability to talk about this. Do not pre- your lap as you traveled. And now in ity and the liability for their neg- vent us from being able to offer amend- the Republican Party ‘‘GOP’’ means ligence, no matter how bad it is, their ments to correct these problems so ‘‘Grand Old Populists.’’ And it is caus- gross negligence, to shift that respon- that we do not make a very serious ing quite a stir, actually. sibility to somebody else—in this case mistake with this legislation when it I noticed in this morning’s paper one the American taxpayer—that it is not comes to the floor. of the strategists, William Kristol, who right. It is not good public policy. In We should have the opportunity to speaks more often than most on poli- fact, it is very bad public policy. improve it, to correct it, to amend it. tics from the conservative side, spoke Under that section of the House- And if we can work out that type of of this issue. passed bill, when we go to conference, structure, I am looking forward to the He is speaking now about the turmoil if it were somehow to be incorporated debate with my colleagues in the Sen- that is going on in the Republican pri- into the final package and passed into ate and, ultimately, hopefully, in a maries. ‘‘William Kristol,’’ according law, every private railroad would say, conference with the House. to the story this morning as a result of ‘‘Look, I have much less of an incen- Mr. President, I yield the floor. something he wrote recently—I guess tive to do the right thing because if we Mr. DORGAN addressed the Chair. this week—‘‘sees no need for the Re- have an accident that involves an Am- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- publican Establishment to succumb, in trak train,’’ which many of these that ator from North Dakota. Pat Buchanan’s phrase, to ‘terminal I just cited have, ‘‘I’m not going to be Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, we are panic.’ A junior member of that Estab- responsible.’’ in morning business; is that correct? lishment, Kristol doesn’t cower when S 1292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 the high-riding presidential contender bank someplace. It goes into the bank So people now understand that they thunders about the terrified knights the populists created in the 19 teens. are expendable, and that is the sadness and barons of the GOP,’’ et cetera, et They built a mill and elevator be- of the lack of security in the job place cetera. cause they were sick and tired of the in America. Not only do they see they ‘‘Someone needs to stand up and defend the big mills in the East taking advantage have less security, they also see that Establishment,’’ says Kristol, a sometime of our farmers. They said, ‘‘We are they make less money; they work hard- strategist, party ideologist and editor of the going to build a mill and elevator.’’ er, but they make less money. If one conservative Weekly Standard magazine. ‘‘In They passed a farmers bill where they adjusts their wage for inflation and the last couple of weeks, there’s been too said, ‘‘We want farmers, not corpora- goes back 20 years and measures it, much pseudo-populism, almost too much tions; we want yard lights where fami- what has happened is they are working concern and attention for, quote, the peo- lies live on the farm.’’ ple—that is, the people’s will, their preju- harder and 20 years later they are mak- The populist legacy in our State is a ing less money and have less purchas- dices and their foolish opinions. And in a cer- legacy about people having power. Part tain sense, we’re all paying the price for that ing power than they had 20 years ago. now . . . After all, we conservatives are on of what I find heartening these days is Is there any reason that the Amer- the side of the lords and the barons.’’ the discussion in the political system, ican people have some anxiety about He says there is ‘‘almost too much especially in the Republican primaries, that? We can talk forever that the GDP concern and attention for the people but also in our party, the Democratic numbers are up, America is on the ** * we are on the side of the lords and Party, a discussion about what kind of move, our economy is growing, and it barons.’’ economic system does this country does not matter if the standard of liv- Well, what to make of this: The have. For whose benefit does it oper- ing for American families is not ad- grand old populist with the hard hat ate? Who reaps the rewards of this eco- vancing. and the honest conservative who says, nomic system? I have spoken on the floor previously There are some things I have heard ‘‘Wait a second, there’s too much at- about this—I know it is repetitive—but and seen in recent weeks that trouble tention being paid to the people here, it is important to say you do not and me greatly, and I am sure that is true the people and their foolish opinions,’’ cannot measure America’s economic of many in this Chamber: Top advisers Mr. Kristol says. ‘‘We are on the side of health and its future promise by what to campaigners out there who give the lords and the barons.’’ it consumes. I am just flat sick and speeches to white supremacist groups God bless the lords and the barons. tired of hearing the news reports that and use code words. Those kinds of They are a good group of folks, but it the Commerce Department said this, things really bother me a lot, because is the people who run this country. It is the Federal Reserve Board this or that, there is a dark tinge to some of this the people for whom elections are held, car sales are up, home sales are up, discussion, and that ought to be re- because the Constitution gives the peo- shoes sales are up. At issue is not how jected, and rejected quickly, by the ple in this country the right to grab much we bought, how much we American people. the steering wheel and decide in Mon- consumed. But there is also, in my judgment, an The issue is what did we produce in tana or North Dakota or Nevada or arrow headed straight to the center of New York or Texas in which direction this country? It is production that what ought to be the economic debate gives you good jobs. Good jobs come they want America to move. They in this country, and the center of the from our productive sector and, as our nudge that steering wheel by collec- economic debate is how are American manufacturing jobs are moving, we are tively voting. It is the people, not the families doing? Are they advancing? Is losing manufacturing jobs. They are lords and barons, the people who grab their standard of living improving? being moved by international economic the American steering wheel every When they sit down for dinner with the enterprises who do not say the Pledge even-numbered year. That is part of family to talk about their cir- of Allegiance and they do not sing the the miracle of the American Constitu- cumstance, are they able to say, ‘‘Our national anthem. They are interested tion. It is a miracle guaranteed every jobs are secure; we have good jobs with in international profits. They do not even-numbered year to the people in good incomes; we have decent health care whether they produce in Pitts- this country. care at affordable prices; we go to good burgh or Malaysia. They will produce What of this issue of populism? It is schools’’? Are they able to say that? Or where it is the most profitable to interesting to me, coming from a State do they say, ‘‘Too often these days, produce, and manufacturing jobs are where populism had its roots. In North we’re not so sure about our job secu- leaving America in droves. Witness the Dakota, in the early 1900’s, nineteen rity. We worked for the same company trade deficit we have. teens, there was a legislator named for 22 years, but the company just re- Last year, the trade deficit was larg- Treadwill Twitchell who stood up in ported record profits, the CEO makes er than our budget deficit. There is no- the chamber of the State legislature $4 million, just got a $2 million raise body saying much about it, and it is al- and told the farmers to ‘‘go home and and laid off 8,000 people, because they most a conspiracy of silence. The trade slop your hogs with great arrogance.’’ call that progress.’’ deficit means we buy from abroad more He was someone who represented one of So, too many families now sit down than we sell abroad. What that means the big cities in our State. ‘‘Go home at dinner and understand the compa- is jobs that would have been here are and slop your hogs,’’ he said. nies they have worked for for 20 years instead somewhere else in another They went home all right, and 2 see them like they see a wrench or a country. years later, they organized section line punch press: As a tool, perfectly ex- Corporations that are producing are by section line all across North Da- pendable and completely expendable producing elsewhere, and the American kota. They came back and took over in once the company has decided it is in people have some role in this as well. It North Dakota in the 19 teens. They their interest to decide to get rid of is not unusual to find somebody wear- were populists. There is a book written them now and hire another tool or an- ing a Chinese shirt, slacks from Tai- about it called ‘‘Prairie Fire,’’ in which other worker. wan, shoes from Italy, shorts from the people took hold and said, ‘‘This is All too often in China, Malaysia, In- Mexico, driving a Japanese car, and our destiny.’’ donesia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, some- then saying, ‘‘Where on Earth have They built themselves in North Da- where where they can hire someone American jobs gone?’’ You are wearing kota a bank saying, ‘‘We’re tired of without the restrictions on age—you where it has gone. So there is enough having public money put in private can hire a kid if you wish—without the responsibility to go around. cronies’ banks. We will have our own nettlesome restrictions that you have But the center of the economic de- bank which belongs to people.’’ My to pay a living wage—you can pay 14 bate in this country has to come to State is the only State in America that cents an hour to someone who makes this issue about what is fair trade and still has a Bank of North Dakota, and tennis shoes in Malaysia—without the how do we construct a circumstance in all public money goes into that bank restriction that you have to have a safe which we have a healthy, vibrant grow- used for the public good. It is not a workplace, without the restriction that ing manufacturing base in our country. case in our State where some of the you cannot dump chemicals into the To those out on the campaign trail State’s money goes into some crony’s air or dump chemicals into the water. these days wearing hard hats and February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1293 preaching populism, I say to them, painters, and everything—if memory is by that. I have great respect for Mr. ‘‘Come here and help us.’’ correct, he sent them $160 for every Greenspan, but I have profound dis- I offered an amendment in the U.S. month they worked for the company. agreements with him, as well. I agree Senate, and it was as simple as could In some cases, those folks on the fac- with Jack Kemp on the issue of eco- be. No one could misunderstand it and tory lines, who had been there all the nomic growth. The Federal Reserve no one could even, in my judgment, time he had the company, got up to a Board sees itself as a set of human mistakenly vote wrong on it. I lost on $20,000 check from this fellow and his brake pads. That is their mission in a partisan vote. wife. Do you know what else he did? He life. They say America cannot have an The amendment very simply was to prepaid the taxes on it. So he said to unemployment limit below 6 percent say: Let us stop providing tax breaks them, ‘‘This gift is for you. You owe no because it is inflationary, or economic so that companies can close their taxes on it. I have prepaid the taxes.’’ growth above 2.5 or 3 percent because it American plants and open up plants I called him and said, ‘‘This is re- is inflationary. But wages are going overseas. Let us stop providing tax markable, at a time when we hear down, not up, so that is nonsense. breaks so that American corporations about all of the selfishness and layoffs When you consign our economy to a can move their jobs to foreign coun- and moving jobs overseas. I want to meager growth rate of 2.5 percent, you tries. Let us put an end to the insidious tell you how remarkable it is to hear consign an economy to an anemic fu- giveaway in our Tax Code that allows about what you did.’’ What he said to ture that is far less than what it should companies to do that: Fire American me was perfectly understandable. He be for all Americans. It means fewer workers, hire foreign workers, become said, ‘‘I made money with that com- jobs and less opportunity. I am very more profitable, and destroy job secu- pany because all of those folks helped disappointed the President has seen rity in our country. make that company work. They fit—not that Mr. Greenspan is a bad I could not even get that adopted in worked on the factory lines. They are person, I have great respect for him. the Senate. Mr. President, to all of the ones who made the company, it was But I would have much preferred new those who voted and voted wrong, they not just me, it was them as well, and I leadership at the Fed—not leadership are going to get a chance 6, 8, 10, 12 wanted to share something with them. that says inflation is not important be- more times, if I have my way, this year I wanted to tell them that they con- cause, of course, it is. We have seen to rectify that, because this country tributed something significant in the stable prices and a growing economy. should not and cannot continue to have success of that company.’’ Inflation has been going down—under 3 economic incentives in its tax laws to I thought, ‘‘What a hero.’’ He did not percent for 4 years in a row. Yet, the say ‘‘it is our aim to encourage you to have to do that. We do not hear many Fed has its foot on the brakes with move your jobs overseas.’’ stories like that—stories that are un- higher interest rates than the produc- It is my aim to encourage American selfish, where the CEO says, ‘‘You peo- ers in this country should be paying. companies to invest here, to produce ple really make this company work. Mr. President, I notice my friend here, and to hire here in this country. When we put our company name on the from Nevada on the floor. He has some There are twin responsibilities that product, we are proud because you things to say today. So let me finish we have. The American worker has a helped make the product.’’ That is al- with a couple of other brief comments. responsibility, but productivity is on most unheard of these days. Nowadays This issue of populism, or the power the rise. Workers are working harder. it is, ‘‘Well, you worked for us, but to- that people have in this country to af- Workers do have a responsibility to be morrow you are like a used wrench. fect their lives and to force this politi- motivated, educated, dedicated, and to You might be out of here with no secu- cal system to debate what it ought to be good workers. But companies then rity, no health care, and maybe no pen- debate, is a very important concept. have the responsibility, as well, to care sion. We might be hiring your replace- We just finished debating a farm bill in about the people who make up that ment 6,000 or 8,000 miles away.’’ the U.S. Senate. A fellow named Rob- company, to care about the people who Well, would it not be nice to hear ert Greene, an Associated Press writ- make the products that the company more people do what that man did, and er—somebody who I think does an ex- sells with that company’s name on it. recognize that part of this country’s cellent job of synthesizing what we do About a month or so ago, I read a success is to have a vibrant, expanding, with foreign policy in the Congress. He piece in the Minneapolis Tribune as I growing manufacturing base, and to wrote a piece that is probably the best was going through the airport. I came recognize the workers out there on the piece I know of describing what we did to the floor of the Senate and told, line producing products, doing good on the farm policy. We passed the so- briefly, about what I had read because work, working hard, and are also part called freedom-to-farm bill, which I it was so foreign to everything that is of the success and part of the competi- fought against and voted against be- going on in this country. It was about tive team? cause I think it is a terrible piece of a fellow who had owned the company I just think that we have kind of legislation. Here is what he said about that make inline skates called gone in a different direction in this it: Rollerblades. He and his wife had pur- country, in which we have had econo- With a mix of luck, work and unusual or- chased this company and built it into mists, CEO’s, and others develop an ganization, the lobby for the big grain com- something substantial, an enormously economic model that says that it is panies, railroads, meat companies, millers successful company, making inline fine if we produce elsewhere and sell and shippers scored a big win in the Senate- skates. Rollerblades is the name of the here as long as we are buying cheap. passed overhaul of farm programs. company. And then this fellow, named That is not fine. Major jobs are gone, The freedom-to-farm bill is a serious Bob, sold the company some months and a major future is gone with it. act of mislabeling. It is everything ago. He had made a substantial amount That needs to be the center of the eco- that big railroads wanted, that big of money because the company was nomic debate. How could we create grain trading farms wanted, that all enormously successful. Of course, all of conditions in which manufacturing in the millers wanted, that all the food us understand what has happened with this country expands again, in which processors wanted. Guess what it inline skates. At Christmastime, some there is fair international competition, means to the family with the yard of the workers at this company began in which we reduce the trade deficit, light on at night trying to figure out getting in the mail a letter from the bring jobs back to this country, and how to operate the family farm? These fellow who had owned this company. rev up the American economy to a rea- large interests want lower grain prices. They began to open their Christmas sonable economic growth. Talk about economic populism, about greeting from this fellow and his wife, On a related but slightly different putting jam on the lower shelf so ev- and it turned out that he had sent issue, yesterday, the President erybody can reach it. This sort of non- them money. He no longer owned the reappointed Alan Greenspan to head sense, the freedom-to-farm bill, which company, but he sent all of the em- the Federal Reserve Board for another gives everything they want to the big ployees—I think something like 270 term. He is going to submit his name grain trading firms, and shortchanges employees who worked for that com- to us. Certainly, the Congress will ac- family farmers is the wrong way, not pany in the factory lines, custodial, the cept that. I am terribly disappointed the right way, to address the issue of S 1294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 whether we should have family farmers have the opportunity to control its di- but it declined. For the first time in 40 in our future. If it becomes law, we will rection and still have the opportunity years we had 3 years in a row with a de- have large agrifactories from coast to to tell us what they think is important clining deficit. We should talk about coast, and you will see precious few and what they think will make Amer- that. That is good. That does not take yard lights on because family farmers ica a better country in which to live. away from the fact that we should have will not be able to make a living. Mr. President, I yield the floor. a balanced budget. We can do that. But I was going to talk about other eco- Mr. REID addressed the Chair. let us talk about what we have accom- nomic issues that relate to the same The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- plished that has been positive. thing—who gets, who gives, who has ator from Nevada [Mr. REID] is recog- New jobs, about 8 million new jobs in the power, and who does not. As Mr. nized. the last 3 years. That is good. Let us Kristol says, ‘‘Who are the lords and f talk about it. That is important. Low- barons, and what do they get?’’ I will est inflation, lowest unemployment in ACCENTUATING THE POSITIVE end where I began with not so much well over 30 years. Economic growth surprise at the message, but at the can- Mr. REID. Mr. President, when I first has not been so high since the days of dor in the article this morning where came to the Senate, President Reagan Kennedy and Johnson. Corporate prof- Mr. Kristol says, ‘‘Someone needs to surprised everybody in his State of the its have never been higher. A couple stand up and defend the establishment. Union Message when he referred quite times in the history of this country In the last couple of weeks there has often to Presidents Roosevelt and Ken- they have been as high but never any been too much pseudo-populism, al- nedy, using them as examples of good higher. most too much concern and attention Government. President Bush followed. We have heard speeches for years for ‘the people.’ ’’ In his State of the Union Messages he about how big Government is, but it Mr. Kristol has not served in the constantly referred to the Democratic was not until this administration that House or the Senate, but the people Presidents including, of course, Frank- something was done about it. We now control the House and the Senate. This lin Roosevelt and John Kennedy. have 200,000 fewer civilian employees is their Chamber; it is their body. Mr. President, it appears in the pri- than we had 3 years ago. That is impor- They, by their election, determine who mary battles that are going on in the tant, and that is good. We should talk serves here. I guess maybe some people, Republican Party at this time to pick about it. Government is smaller than it who have not run for county sheriff or their nominee for the President of the used to be. It is now at about the same Congress, for that matter, probably United States they have been studying level it was during the days of John sometimes dismiss the interests of the the Democrats probably a little too lit- Kennedy, even though the country has people. erally. It seems they have studied so grown significantly. Consumer prices There is a desk here that I was as- hard that their primaries are now rose 2.5 percent last year, the second signed to the first day I came to the being conducted like ours used to be smallest increase in three decades. Senate, and I have since been reas- conducted. They are going to wind up, That is good. We should talk about it. signed. It was temporary. I opened the it appears, with their nominee chopped It is important. Stock prices benefiting drawer and, as is the custom, deep in and beaten, I guess comparable to a from strong corporate earnings growth the drawers, in the history of the Sen- McGovern or a Mondale. and low long-term interest rates have ate, everyone carves their names in the Mr. President, the primary process risen almost 75 percent during the last desk. That is not a practice we rec- that we have heard debated and 3 years. Good does not mean good ommend to schoolchildren, but the his- watched debated has been one where enough, but let us talk. It is still good. tory is that we do that. The desk that there has been nothing but negativism. During the last 3 years, over 16,000 I was assigned to the first day I was It is not what they can do. It is how pages of obsolete regulations have been here indicates that Harry Truman much they can berate each other gen- eliminated, part of Vice President carved his name in the desk. A desk I erally and the Government. GORE’S reinventing Government, and was assigned to later says that Warren I think we should talk about how also as a result of Vice President Harding sat in that desk. He later be- good things are rather than how bad GORE’S reinventing Government we came President. Below his name is the things are, because I truly believe we have 200,000 fewer Government jobs name of one of the great populists in are doing very well as a country. Now, than we had when he became Vice this country, Robert La Follette from when we say ‘‘doing well,’’ that does President. We have more new small Wisconsin. He understood about eco- not mean we do not have a long way to businesses. A record number of new nomic power. He understood about the go; we have a long way to go to become small businesses have been created people, and he would understand when better, but we are doing extremely since the start of this administration. I express enormous surprise that there well. Home ownership is at its highest level is anyone who comments on, is inter- We need to improve, of course, on our in 15 years. And also even though we ested in, or is involved in politics, who immigration policies. There is a lot of can do better with trade, the United believes that there is too much concern improvement that can be made there. States beat Japan and every other and attention being paid to the people And the trade policy. county in the world in the last 2 years in our political campaigns. As an example, I did not vote for in the production of automobiles, the Frankly, there is not enough concern NAFTA; I did not vote for GATT, but I first time that has happened since the and attention being paid to the center hope they work. I do not come in the 1970’s. That is good and we should talk issues that affect people, who, every Chamber and berate what is going on about it. day, are trying to figure out how do we as a result of NAFTA and GATT. I hope Education. Fewer students are drop- get a good education, how do we afford they work. Even though I do not think ping out of high school. In fact, since decent health care, how do we find a it was right to pass NAFTA, I do not 1991, the dropout rate has fallen by 16 good job that pays well, how do we find think it benefits me or my country to percent. That is staggeringly good. a company to work for that will value continually stand up and say how bad Welfare rolls are down since March 1994 and trust us and keep us and appre- things are and it is all a direct result of by 8 percent—not down enough. We ciate our work? Those are the center NAFTA. I do not believe that is the still need welfare reform. It is broken concerns of a lot of people in this coun- case. I believe we have some problems and needs fixing, but let us talk about try, who believe that over two cen- with our trade. They are not all related some of the good things that are hap- turies of growth, through innovation to NAFTA and GATT. pening in our country as we speak. and through hard work, America has We need to do better with crime The misery index. The combined rate succeeded beyond the dreams of most fighting, especially, Mr. President, of unemployment and inflation is at its when you look at two centuries; but with juvenile crime. lowest levels since the 1960’s. It sounds who also believe that the best days in Let us talk about how well we are pretty good to me. And I wish those this country are still ahead of us, if its doing. Last year was the third year in Presidential candidates would talk best days are consigned to the interests a row where we had a declining deficit. about that, would talk about how good of the people in this country, who still It did not decline enough each year, things are in America today. February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1295 What the people running for Presi- Work—only 25 percent of the kids who future looks bleak. I do not believe dent should be talking about, for exam- graduate from high school graduate that. I think we are as good as our ple, is health care. Thousands and from college. What do we do about the past. And our past has been good. thousands of new people each month other 75 percent? We have one way of Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I observe are saying, ‘‘I have no health insur- helping. That is our School-To-Work the absence of a quorum. ance.’’ Businesses more and more each Program which is a fine program that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The day are saying, ‘‘We do not supply our deals with that 75 percent and involves clerk will call the roll. employees health insurance.’’ Health local businesses. In the State of Ne- The bill clerk proceeded to call the care costs are still skyrocketing. vada, we have a wonderful School-to- roll. Health care costs this year alone will Work Program. But what are they Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- go up $1 billion. We need to have can- doing in the other body? They want to imous consent that the order for the didates talking about health care re- wipe it out, and in fact that is what we quorum call be rescinded. form. have. It has been wiped out. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Minimum wage. We need to talk What about our Goals 2000? In Ne- objection, it is so ordered. about raising the minimum wage. It is vada, we have set our Goals 2000. They f not a bunch of people, the stereotypical are led by the First Lady of Nevada, teenagers flipping hamburgers at Sandy Miller. About a month ago in CONCLUSION OF MORNING McDonald’s. The fact is that 60 percent Nevada they published their goals for BUSINESS of the people who receive the minimum the year 2000, good goals dealing with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning wage are women. For 40 percent of literacy, math education, reading, but business is now closed. those people, that is the only money it is being wiped out by this Congress. f they get for them and their family. The That is unfortunate. It is unfair to THE BAD DEBT BOXSCORE minimum wage needs to be increased. kids. If it was good when we adopted it in Crime. Crime is staggeringly bad in Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, at the the Depression years, it is good today this country, but let us talk even there close of business Thursday, February and we should do what we can as a Con- about the fact that the crime rate is 22, the Federal debt stood at gress to make sure it maintains its declining with the number of murders $4,987,959,914,205.44, about $13 billion rate in keeping with inflation. reported dropping by 12 percent, rob- shy of the $5 trillion mark, which the The environment. I have not heard a beries down 10 percent, car theft down Federal debt will exceed in a few single candidate on the Republican 5 percent. As a result of the Brady bill, months. ticket running for President talk about more than 45,000 fugitives and felons On a per capita basis, every man, the environment. They are in that have been blocked from buying hand- woman, and child in America owes beautiful area of New Hampshire. I guns. We have more cops on the street, $18,932.73 as his or her share of that have never been to New Hampshire but about 30,000 across the country, over debt. the pictures are beautiful. I would love 150 in the State of Nevada. It has f to go there and see that State. On tele- helped. Now, where we are failing—I ENROLLED BILL SIGNED vision, you think of the pristine envi- have no problem discussing this—is ronment. We need to be talking about with juvenile crime. It is becoming The following enrolled bill, pre- the environment. The only thing we more violent, more vicious, and more viously signed by the Speaker pro tem- have seen especially from the other random. We need to do something pore of the House (Mrs. MORELLA), was body this past year is to roll back the about that. But let us even talk on a signed on today, February 23, 1996, by environmental laws—22 riders on 1 ap- positive note there about the Presi- the President pro tempore (Mr. THUR- propriations bill to roll back environ- dent’s State of the Union message MOND): mental regulations. People in that where he said he was going to ask the H.R. 1718. An act to designate the United body want to wipe out the Clean Water head of the FBI to focus on juvenile States Courthouse located at 197 South Main Act, the Clean Air Act, wipe out the crime, on gangs. That is important. Street in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, as the endangered species law. They should be There is where the discussions should ‘‘Max Rosenn United States Courthouse.’’ talking in a positive sense about what come. Let us talk positively. Let us f we can do to improve the environment. talk about how well we are doing and INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND I repeat. What I have talked about how much better we can do. JOINT RESOLUTIONS has been good. It does not mean it is Mr. President, there was an article good enough, but it means it is good. recently by Daniel Gross that I assume The following bills and joint resolu- Let us give our constituents, let us ran in a number of different news- tions were introduced, read the first give the people of America the positive papers around the country. One of the and second time by unanimous con- spin. We are doing fine. Let us have things he said, and I quote, was: sent, and referred as indicated: these candidates talk about senior citi- The wealthy would be well served to also By Mr. BURNS: zens and Medicare and not hear the recall that the three most dramatic invest- S. 1571. A bill to provide for the exchange nonsense that we are not cutting Medi- ment events of this century—the panic of of certain lands within the State of Mon- care; we are only cutting the rate of in- 1907 and the crashes of 1929 and 1987—all took tana, and for other purposes; to the Commit- place in the watch of Republican Chief Ex- tee on Energy and Natural Resources. crease, without leveling with the By Mr. DEWINE (for himself and Mr. American people and saying, of course, ecutives. The two worst Presidencies for stocks were LUGAR): we have to maintain an increase in those of Republicans Herbert Hoover, under S. 1572. A bill to amend title 23, United funding for Medicare because thou- whom the Dow fell an appalling 75 percent, States Code, to provide funds and incentives sands of new people are coming on the and Richard Nixon. Between November 1968 for closures of rail-highway crossings, and rolls every day. Medical costs are ris- and August 1974 the market fell 18 percent. for other purposes; to the Committee on En- ing out of the roof. Of course, we have Factor in the high inflation of the early vironment and Public Works. to increase spending for Medicare. It 1970s, and the loss becomes a 6.9 percent an- By Mr. D’AMATO: nual rout. S. 1573. A bill to amend the Internal reve- does not mean we do not need to do nue Code of 1986 to establish and provide a some work to make it a better system, Mr. President, I close by saying I checkoff for a Breast and Prostate Cancer but we need not decimate it. We do not think it is extremely important that Research Fund, and for other purposes; to need to have it wither on the vine as the primaries, as they develop, be ones the Committee on Finance. the leader in the other body says that that the candidates focus more on the f it should. positive, talk about what is good that Education, let us talk about edu- is happening in the country; and then STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED cation in a positive sense instead of on a positive note talk about how BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS what we are seeing happen this past much better we can be, rather than the By Mr. BURNS: year. We are seeing programs that I be- continual harangue we hear about how S. 1571. A bill to provide for the ex- lieve are good programs like School-to- bad things are and how, in effect, the change of certain lands within the S 1296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 State or Montana, and for other pur- Madame President, as I stated earlier safety problem. We can’t close every poses; to the Committee on Energy and the bill I am introducing today is a single crossing that might be dan- Natural Resources. starting point. We have much work gerous. So we want to make certain THE LOST CREEK EXCHANGE ACT OF 1996 ahead of us. Over the next couple that the remaining railroad crossings ∑ Mr. BURNS. Madam President, today months, I hope that the parties in- are as safe as possible. I am introducing the Lost Creek Land volved will continue to work together Last summer, I brought together Exchange Act of 1996. so this win-win bill can make it to the Federal and State officials to see This bill would accomplish two im- President’s desk.∑ whether changes could be made to portant things. It authorizes the acqui- speed the process for dealing with un- sition of the Lost Creek area for the By Mr. DEWINE (for himself and safe railroad crossings. public, and it may help prevent the clo- Mr. LUGAR): Previously, the installation of safety sure of the Brand-S mill in Livingston S. 1572. A bill to amend title 23, Unit- lights and gates followed a linear proc- MT. ed States Code, to provide funds and in- ess—one step had to be completed be- I want to emphasize that this bill is centives for closures of rail-highway fore another was allowed to begin. we a starting point. I fully anticipate crossings, and for other purposes; to created a new, streamlined process major changes will need to be made. the Committee on Environment and that allows officials to identify hazard- Yet, the process needs to move for- Public Works. ous crossings and to implement expe- ward. THE RAILROAD CROSSING SAFETY ACT OF 1996 dited safety measures. Under this bill, 14,500 acres of blue- ∑ Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, today I We eliminated the waiting periods ribbon bighorn sheep habitat known as introduce legislation that would make between design, funding, and construc- Lost Creek would become a part of the America’s railroad crossings a lot tion. The safety installation process Deerlodge National Forest. For the safer. used to take up to 2 years—but with past few years, local sportsman and According to the National Safety this new, streamlined process, we are conservation groups, the Forest Serv- Council, over the past 4 years an aver- hoping it will only take about 12 ice, and many others have been inter- age of 522 people have been killed each months. This new process is being tried ested in the public acquiring this prime year in train-vehicle collisions. Last on 31 different sites throughout the habitat. I, too, believe this is a worth- year, 37 of these deaths occurred in my State of Ohio. while endeavor. own State of Ohio. It is a very promising approach, and The bill I am introducing today Almost 50 percent of these accidents if it works in Ohio, it deserves to be ex- would transfer the Lost Creek area, occur at crossings that are already tended all over America. and 3,000 additional acres currently equipped with active warning devices. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- owned by R–Y Timber, to the Forest Simply adding more warning devices, sent that the text of the bill be printed Service. In return R–Y Timber will ac- therefore, is not a complete solution to in the RECORD. quire the deed to 3,600 acres and 46 mil- this problem. There being no objection, the bill was lion board feet of timber. Some of these railroad crossings are As most people in Park County just too dangerous. They are life ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as know, R–Y Timber has an option to threatening. They are not needed, and follows: purchase the Brand-S mill in Living- they ought to be closed. S. 1572 ston. If R–Y Timber decides to not pur- We all know, however, that people Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- chase this mill by the middle of March, get accustomed to taking certain resentatives of the United States of America in it is my understanding that the routes. And communities get used to Congress assembled, chances for the mill to remain open certain traffic patterns. That’s why it’s SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. will be very slim. While R–Y Timber al- sometimes difficult for localities to This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Railroad Crossing Safety Act of 1996’’. ready has a mill in Townsend, this land close these crossings, even when it’s exchange could allow R–Y Timber to SEC. 2. FUNDS AND INCENTIVES FOR CLOSURES clear on safety grounds that a particu- OF RAIL-HIGHWAY CROSSINGS. keep both mills operating, and there- lar crossing must be closed. (a) INCREASE IN FEDERAL SHARE OF CROSS- fore, prevent the loss of 130 much-need- Clearly, the local communities need ING CLOSURES.—Section 120(c) of title 23, ed jobs in the Livingston area. some help. That’s the purpose of my United States Code, is amended by inserting As I stated earlier, R–Y Timber will legislation. ‘‘rail-highway crossing closure,’’ after ‘‘car- receive the deed to 46 million board Currently, the Federal Government pooling and vanpooling,’’. feet of timber in the Deerlodge, Helena, pays 90 percent of the cost of closing a (b) INCENTIVE PAYMENTS FOR AT-GRADE and Lewis and Clark National Forests. rail-highway grade crossing. But other CROSSING CLOSURES.—Section 130 of such However, the areas for harvesting have grade crossing safety projects—such as title is amended by adding at the end the fol- not been identified. traffic signs, guardrails, and traffic lowing: ‘‘(i) INCENTIVE PAYMENTS FOR AT-GRADE In addition, this timber will be har- lights—are eligible for 100 percent Fed- vested according to the Montana For- CROSSING CLOSURES.— eral funding. ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any estry best management practice, Mon- The bill I am introducing today will other provision of this section and subject to tana streamside zone management law, make grade crossing closure projects paragraphs (2) and (3), a State may, from and other State laws. Between 20 and 30 eligible for that same 100-percent Fed- sums available to the State under this sec- percent of the timber will be available eral funding. This will remove the cur- tion, make incentive payments to local gov- each year, and R–Y Timber will have 5 rent incentive against closure projects. ernments in the State upon the permanent years to complete the harvest. If the safest thing to do is close a closure by such governments of public at- Language has also been included to crossing, localities should have an in- grade railway-highway crossings under the assure that designation of the timber centive to do that. jurisdiction of such governments. will not slow down the present limita- ‘‘(2) INCENTIVE PAYMENTS BY RAILROADS.—A This bill does not involve new Fed- State may not make an incentive payment tions on the numbers of trained Forest eral money. The money for this bill is under paragraph (1) to a local government Service personnel. Under this bill, the already allocated for crossing safety with respect to the closure of a crossing un- Forest Service would be required to use purposes—and all we are trying to do is less the railroad owning the tracks on which outside contractors to perform what- deploy that money in the most rational the crossing is located makes an incentive ever field work is necessary for the des- and effective way. payment to the government with respect to ignation. My bill will also provide up to $7,500 the closure. The Lost Creek area has been valued to a local highway authority for each ‘‘(3) AMOUNT OF STATE PAYMENT.—The at about $8 million. And the days of the crossing closed. Furthermore, the rail- amount of the incentive payment payable to a local government by a State under para- Federal Government simply paying the road that is operating the crossing will price tag are over. This bill provides a graph (1) with respect to a crossing may not match this money. exceed the lesser of— way for the public to purchase this That means up to $15,000 for a local ‘‘(A) the amount of the incentive payment prime bighorn sheep habitat while pro- community—just to close a crossing. paid to the government with respect to the viding some timber jobs in our commu- Obviously, this is just the beginning crossing by the railroad concerned under nities. of a many-pronged assault on a major paragraph (2); or February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1297 ‘‘(B) $7,500. payments expressly for breast and ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS ‘‘(4) USE OF STATE PAYMENTS.—A local gov- prostate cancer research. ernment receiving an incentive payment S. 55 from a State under paragraph (1) shall use Breast cancer is a truly horrible dis- At the request of Mr. INOUYE, the the amount of the incentive payment for ease. Its incidence is rising at an name of the Senator from South Caro- transportation safety improvements.’’. alarming rate. In 1960, 1 out of every 14 lina [Mr. HOLLINGS] was added as a co- SEC. 3. GUIDELINES FOR ANALYSIS OF COSTS women developed breast cancer in her sponsor of S. 55, a bill to amend title AND BENEFITS OF NEW RAILWAY- lifetime. A few years ago it was 1 in 10. HIGHWAY CROSSINGS. 38, United States Code, to deem certain Not later than 18 months after the date of Now the figure is one in eight. We can- service in the organized military forces the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of not allow this trend to continue. Ac- of the Government of the Common- Transportation shall prescribe guidelines to cording to the National Cancer Insti- wealth of the Philippines and the Phil- assist the States in analyzing the costs and tute’s calculations, breast cancer com- ippine Scouts to have been active serv- benefits to the public of new railway-high- prises about 30 percent of all female ice for purposes of benefits under pro- way grade crossings. The purpose of the cancers and it is estimated that the grams administered by the Secretary guidelines is to encourage uniformity in the cost to the nation in the form of direct of Veterans Affairs. analysis of such costs and benefits by the and indirect health care costs will ex- States.∑ S. 529 ceed $16 billion annually. The NCI also At the request of Mr. GRAHAM, the By Mr. D’AMATO: says that reductions in breast cancer name of the Senator from Connecticut mortality will have a significant influ- [Mr. DODD] was added as a cosponsor of S. 1573. A bill to amend the Internal ence on these costs to the Nation. Revenue Code of 1986 to establish and S. 529, a bill to provide, temporarily, provide a checkoff for a Breast and Like breast cancer among women, tariff and quota treatment equivalent Prostate Cancer Research Fund, and prostate cancer is a leading killer of to that accorded to members of the for other purposes; to the Committee American men. According to the Amer- North American Free Trade Agreement on Finance. ican Cancer Society, this dreaded dis- [NAFTA] to Caribbean Basin bene- ease is the second leading cause of can- ficiary countries. THE TAXPAYERS’ CANCER RESEARCH FUNDING ACT OF 1996 cer death in men. It is projected to S. 881 ∑ Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, breast take the lives of approximately 41,000 At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the and prostate cancer have taken a hor- men in 1996 alone. name of the Senator from North Caro- rible toll on women and men through- Congress has just begun to pay more lina [Mr. FAIRCLOTH] was added as a co- out the world and we must make every attention to these terrible diseases by sponsor of S. 881, a bill to amend the effort to eradicate these pervasive dis- devoting increased funding for breast Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify eases. Breast cancer is a deadly epi- and prostate cancer research at the provisions relating to church pension demic that strikes over 180,000 women Federal level. We have made tremen- benefit plans, to modify certain provi- each year. It will kill more than 44,000 dous progress, but much more remains sions relating to participants in such women this year alone. Similarly, pros- to be done. Given current budget con- plans, to reduce the complexity of and tate cancer will strike an estimated straints we need a mechanism to in- to bring workable consistency to the 317,000 men, and will kill roughly 41,000 crease breast and prostate cancer fund- applicable rules, to promote retirement men this year. We cannot allow these ing every year from here on out. savings and benefits, and for other pur- appalling rates to continue unabated. poses. Our current method of breast cancer We need to do something now. We need S. 1039 treatment is not a cure. Today’s treat- a cure and finding a cure takes At the request of Mr. ABRAHAM, the money—a tremendous amount of ments for breast cancer are very crude. We treat women with poison, radiation, names of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. money. CRAIG] and the Senator from Mis- and radical surgery with the hope that I rise today to introduce legislation sissippi [Mr. LOTT] were added as co- we will kill the cancer and not the to add another weapon to our arsenal sponsors of S. 1039, a bill to require woman. This is similar to dropping a in the fight against breast and prostate Congress to specify the source of au- tiny atom bomb. What we need is a cancer. My bill will provide vital re- thority under the United States Con- smart bomb for breast cancer. Some- sources for the fight to eradicate this stitution for the enactment of laws, dire threat to the lives of women and thing which will specifically kill the and for other purposes. men across our Nation. In addition, my breast cancer cells without causing de- S. 1108 bill will support our efforts to combat struction to the rest of the women’s one of the leading cancer killers of body and immune system. This can At the request of Mr. SMITH, the men: prostate cancer. This is a very only be accomplished with an addi- name of the Senator from North Caro- straightforward bill. This bill will aug- tional infusion of breast cancer re- lina [Mr. FAIRCLOTH] was added as a co- ment existing Federal research funding search dollars. We also need to recruit sponsor of S. 1108, a bill to amend the by easily allowing taxpayers to get di- more scientists and new ideas and in- Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow rectly involved by contributing to a novations into this field. More money individuals to designate that up to 10 newly established fund expressly ear- will jumpstart research but it must percent of their income tax liability be marked for breast and prostate cancer also cover the funding needs of re- used to reduce the national debt, and research. search scientist and their programs. to require spending reductions equal to the amounts so designated. On the Federal income tax return I am personally determined to do ev- S. 1129 there currently exists a box that can be erything I can to fight for the eradi- selected for Federal campaign con- At the request of Mr. ASHCROFT, the cation of breast and prostate cancer. I tributions. My bill will amend the In- names of the Senator from Oklahoma hope to enlist the aid of my colleagues ternal Revenue Code of 1986 by estab- [Mr. NICKLES] and the Senator from in the establishment of this Federal lishing a similar box for a Federal North Carolina [Mr. HELMS] were added breast and prostate cancer research breast and prostate cancer research as cosponsors of S. 1129, a bill to amend fund. Breast and prostate cancer can fund. This will allow our citizens to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to cross swords with this dual scourge by only be understood, and eventually permit employers to provide for flexi- simply placing a check in a box on conquered, through increased research ble and compressed schedules, to per- their income tax return, as with the We need a cure and we need one now. It mit employers to give priority treat- campaign contribution fund. One point is therefore critical that we all join to- ment in hiring decisions to former em- needs to be made very clear—this is gether in this effort to help speed the ployees after periods of family care re- not an additional tax. This is a purely discovery of a cure for these dreaded sponsibility, to maintain the minimum voluntary means by which concerned diseases. wage and overtime exemption for em- citizens may earmark a minor but vital Mr. President, I urge the adoption of ployees subject to certain leave poli- portion of their Federal income tax this critical bill.∑ cies, and for other purposes. S 1298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996

S. 1245 from South Carolina [Mr. THURMOND], immigrants came to work. In 1897, At the request of Mr. ASHCROFT, the the Senator from Illinois [Ms. other immigrants from Greece, Poland, name of the Senator from North Caro- MOSELEY-BRAUN], the Senator from and Slavic countries arrived to work in lina [Mr. FAIRCLOTH] was added as a co- Ohio [Mr. DEWINE], the Senator from the many mills and factories being sponsor of S. 1245, a bill to amend the Virginia [Mr. ROBB], the Senator from built. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre- Maine [Ms. SNOWE], the Senator from Today, Merrimack is one of the vention Act of 1974 to identify violent Vermont [Mr. JEFFORDS], and the Sen- thriving industrial towns just north of and hard-core juvenile offenders and ator from Indiana [Mr. LUGAR] were the Massachusetts border, housing treat them as adults, and for other pur- added as cosponsors of Senate Resolu- many of New Hampshire’s most pros- poses. tion 217, a resolution to designate the perous manufacturers. S. 1344 first Friday in May 1996, as ‘‘American Over the years, Merrimack has had a At the request of Mr. HEFLIN, the Foreign Service Day’’ in recognition of number of famous residents; including name of the Senator from Louisiana the men and women who have served or Dr. Matthew Thornton whose signature [Mr. BREAUX] was added as a cosponsor are presently serving in the American appears on the Declaration of Inde- of S. 1344, a bill to repeal the require- Foreign Service, and to honor those in pendence. Among his numerous distinc- ment relating to specific statutory au- the American Foreign Service who tions, Doctor Thornton was the sur- thorization for increases in judicial have given their lives in the line of geon of the New Hampshire Troop in salaries, to provide for automatic an- duty. 1745, was elected to the Continental nual increases for judicial salaries, and f Congress in December 1776, and served for other purposes. ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS in the State senate from 1784 to 1786. In 1789, he purchased a large estate, and S. 1379 spent the rest of his 89 years in At the request of Mr. SIMPSON, the name of the Senator from Kentucky THE 250TH ANNIVERSARY OF Merrimack. A monument to honor Matthew Thornton is displayed on the [Mr. MCCONNELL] was added as a co- MERRIMACK, NH sponsor of S. 1379, a bill to make tech- ∑ Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I rise corner of route 3 and Greeley Street. Today, Merrimack’s population has nical amendments to the Fair Debt today to pay tribute to Merrimack, grown to include 22,500 residents. The Collection Practices Act, and for other NH, on their 250th anniversary. On town boasts a dynamic business envi- purposes. April 2, the 22,500 residents of ronment with a number of small to me- S. 1491 Merrimack will begin a year-long birthday celebration encompassing nu- dium size businesses, many of which At the request of Mr. GRAMS, the are family owned. In addition, Fortune name of the Senator from Iowa [Mr. merous town activities to mark this historic occasion. 500 companies, particularly technology GRASSLEY] was added as a cosponsor of Very few towns in the United States firms, dot the business landscape in S. 1491, a bill to reform antimicrobial can claim 250 years as part of their her- Merrimack and are continuing to hire pesticide registration, and for other itage. In 1746, King George II of Eng- more and more residents each year. purposes. land issued the town’s first charter. Merrimack residents are very politi- S. 1553 During the Revolutionary War, cally active, attending town and school At the request of Mr. MCCAIN, the Merrimack residents volunteered as board meetings regularly. The local name of the Senator from Arizona [Mr. some of the original Minute Men. The chamber of commerce and Rotary Club KYL] was added as a cosponsor of S. volunteers fought in the Battle of are also both very involved in local ac- 1553, a bill to provide that members of Bunker Hill in Charlestown, MA. Mi- tivities. the Armed Forces performing services raculously, only one Merrimack life I wish the town of Merrimack a very for the peacekeeping effort in the Re- was lost in this battle. Later, over 40 happy 250th birthday. I share the pride public of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall Merrimack men served heroically in of all New Hampshire citizens in the be entitled to certain tax benefits in the areas of Massachusetts, Rhode Is- accomplishments and rich historic the same manner as if such services land, West Point, Valley Forge, White background of this wonderful town and were performed in a combat zone. Plains, and Fort Ticonderoga. The its people. Congratulations Merri- S. 1560 town of Merrimack paid their soldiers mack.∑ At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the with Indian corn since money was (At the request of Mr. DORGAN, the name of the Senator from Pennsylva- scarce at that time. This is the sort of following statement was ordered to be nia [Mr. SANTORUM] was added as a co- patriotism and commitment to free- printed in the RECORD.) sponsor of S. 1560, a bill to require Co- dom that Merrimack residents still f embody today. lombia to meet antinarcotics perform- FELIX ROHATYN’S WITHDRAWAL Commercial development in ance standards for continued assist- IS A LOSS FOR THE NATION ance and to require a report on the Merrimack began even before King counternarcotics efforts of Colombia. George II issued the first charter. In ∑ Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I would like to share with my colleagues my SENATE RESOLUTION 85 1656, John Cromwell established the first trading post. More settlers began deep sense of regret over the decision At the request of Mr. CHAFEE, the by Felix Rohatyn to withdraw his name of the Senator from Massachu- arriving via the Merrimack River, from many surrounding areas. Other trading name from consideration as a nominee setts [Mr. KERRY] was added as a co- to the position of Vice Chairman of the sponsor of Senate Resolution 85, a reso- posts were established at ferry landings where stores were stocked with bees- Federal Reserve’s Board of Governors. lution to express the sense of the Sen- My disappointment is based upon two ate that obstetrician-gynecologists wax, molasses, flint, and powder, along with the best sellers of the day, rum factors: The first is that the Nation has should be included in Federal laws re- lost an opportunity to benefit from the lating to the provision of health care. and spirits. In the early 1880’s, rich deposits of services of someone who not only has SENATE RESOLUTION 215 clay were found in Merrimack allowing deep insights into the how the Amer- At the request of Mr. LAUTENBERG, the town to create a thriving brick- ican economy functions, but someone the names of the Senator from Maine making industry. By 1846, there were 12 who also has decades of practical eco- [Mr. COHEN] and the Senator from Wyo- brickyards in town, employing 100 peo- nomic experience both in the public ming [Mr. SIMPSON] were added as co- ple. Many of the local buildings began and private sector. sponsors of Senate Resolution 215, a using brick with granite foundation Mr. Rohatyn is justifiably celebrated resolution to designate June 19, 1996, as from nearby quarries in their construc- for his successful efforts that brought ‘‘National Baseball Day.’’ tion. Brickmaking and river boating New York City from the edge of bank- SENATE RESOLUTION 217 flourished until the railroad arrived in ruptcy onto sound financial ground. He At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM, 1852. did so through a combination of public the names of the Senator from Mis- In 1872, a cooperage shop at Reed’s and private action that resulted in sissippi [Mr. COCHRAN], the Senator Ferry was established where English downsizing the Nation’s fourth largest February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1299 government, thus creating the founda- losophy and methodology that Standing here before this great warship— tion that has allowed New York City to underlies these otherwise meaningless and the officers and crew who will guide her achieve a balanced budget for every statistics that is of critical impor- in defense of freedom—we are filled not only year for most of the past two decades. tance. On that score, Felix Rohatyn is with pride in our Nation and our Navy, but also with confidence that we can and will Felix Rohatyn has also achieved extremely well qualified to serve on meet any challenge that lies ahead. great success in the private sector as the Federal Reserve Board. It’s been said that each new ship, as she the managing partner of the invest- The Federal Reserve is supposed to leaves land to find her home in the sea, be- ment banking firm of Lazard Freres. be an arena in which varying economic gins to form a personality that will be hers Few people in the Nation can claim to ideas can be debated, free from the con- alone. A personality that encompasses the have a better understanding of our cap- straints and pressures of the political hopes and dreams of all who built her and all ital markets and be able to back up arena. In that sense, it mirrors our who sail in her. But her personality also those claims with the cold, hard proof takes on the spirit of those in whose honor greatest democratic institutions; if a she is named. of continued profitable returns for the diversity of opinion wasn’t desired, If that is so, the U.S.S. Greeneville will be company that he runs. there would be no need to have a Vice imbued with the courage, pride, and patriot- But it is the manner in which, and Chairman, or a Board of Governors. If ism epitomized by Greeneville, and by the the basis upon which, Mr. Rohatyn was monolithic thought were the intent, we thousands of other small towns across our prompted to withdraw his candidacy would simply a single Director at the great land whose people are the heart and for this important position that Federal Reserve, whose edicts would be soul of America. prompts me to take the floor today. She will carry with her the valor of Revo- carved onto marble tablets and then lutionary War hero General Nathanael I fully respect—indeed, I encourage— disseminated throughout the land. Greene, for whom Greeneville was named. the right of my colleagues to form and Mr. President, Mr. Rohatyn’s creden- The unflagging integrity of Greeneville’s express their personal opinions about tials are virtually unquestioned. honored son President Andrew Johnson, who Presidential nominees. But that re- The chairman of the Senate Banking helped unite the country after the assassina- spect is diminished when that opposi- Committee recently stated that he tion of Abraham Lincoln. And the pluck of tion takes a form that precludes a thought the Mr. Rohatyn did ‘‘an ex- the great Greeneville frontiersman Davy nominee from even getting a fair and cellent job in New York,’’ referring to Crockett, who blazed a trail into the wilder- open hearing before the Senate. That ness and died defending the Alamo. his rescue of that city from bank- And she will carry the pride of every respect is diminished when instead of ruptcy. Greenevillian. From Mayor Love and all our confronting a nominee during the hear- Mr. Rohatyn’s colleagues on Wall elected officials; to the men and women of ing process and allowing that nominee Street said: ‘‘Most people on Wall the Greeneville Metal Manufacturing Com- to respond directly to his or her critics, Street have great respect for Rohatyn pany, a subsidiary of the Newport News ship- leaked staff reports and innuendo are and his financial skills. He is a guy yards; Admiral Francis McCorckle, former used to derail a nominee’s chances. who is not at all soft on inflation, so commander of the battleship New Jersey and But we must go beyond the manner [we] don’t know where those rumors to a resident of Greeneville for all of his 86 in which these objections were raised years; and so many others—who wrote let- the contrary came from.’’ ters, signed petitions, and lobbied Congress, to examine the objections themselves, The Financial Times said ‘‘there are the Navy, and anyone who would listen, to for they portend a slavish devotion to not many U.S. bankers worth listening have this magnificent submarine bear its an economic orthodoxy that is out of to. Rohatyn is the exception.’’ name. place in our system of Government. The Washington Post stated, in an While many today advocate a sharply di- I could understand active opposition editorial entitled, Playing Games with minished defense in the post-Cold War world, to a nominee if he or she had been an the Fed, that ‘‘* * * the elected those of you who guard the frontiers of free- advocate of Marxist economic thought branches in recent years have pretty dom know that the price of peace is eternal or believed that isolationism was a vigilance. And it is this vessel—the nuclear well given up on the broad manage- attack submarine—that leads the way. It is cure for America’s economic ills or was ment of the economy. They mainly add the sword point of our forward-deployed de- an advocate for some other discredited to the problem, which is then left to fenses—the first to respond to threats from economic theory. the Fed to resolve. They ought not potential aggressors, and the first to arrive But it appears that Mr. Rohatyn sim- compound the burden they create by in times of crisis. ply failed to meet some arbitrary lit- spreading to the Fed their own doc- Whether the mission calls for a continuous mus test as to who is or isn’t a strong trinal quarrel.’’ presence, as in the Caribbean off of Haiti; advocate for ending ‘‘the era of big covert surveillance and reconnaissance, as in Some may view the withdrawal of the Adriatic off Bosnia; or special operations Government.’’ Mr. Rohatyn from consideration as a forces, such as those we have maintained for Mr. Rohatyn’s sin? He proposed that victory of sorts. But by depriving the years in the Korean theater; submarines pro- the U.S. Government make invest- Nation of the benefits of Felix vide critical direct and indirect support to ments in the infrastructure of the Na- Rohatyn’s talents and by imposing an our military forces, and are a mainstay of tion. That radical thought places Mr. ideological straightjacket on Federal our strategic deterrence platform. Rohatyn squarely in the camp of such Reserve Board nominees, those who are As General Nathanael Greene’s colleague General George Washington put it, ‘‘There is noted American rebels as Daniel Web- rejoicing today may find that theirs is ster, Henry Clay, Theodore Roosevelt, nothing so likely to produce peace as to be a Pyhrric victory indeed.∑ well prepared to meet an enemy.’’ Or as a and most notorious of all, Dwight Ei- f more recent commentator put it, ‘‘Today the senhower. TRIBUTE TO U.S.S. real test of power is not capacity to make Mr. Rohatyn also has the heretical war but capacity to prevent it.’’ notion that it is possible for the Amer- ‘‘GREENEVILLE’’ That is why our military and civilian lead- ican economy to grow, without risking ∑ Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, on Friday, ers must exercise their vigilance with fore- inflation, at a faster rate than the February 16, I traveled to Norfolk, VA, sight, with one eye always on the future. The puny 2.5 percent per year that some—I to deliver the keynote address at the price of unpreparedness is too high in Amer- repeat, some—economists believe is the ican blood and treasure. We do well today to commissioning of the U.S.S. recall when the decision to build the U.S.S. maximum safe rate of growth. Greeneville. This naval attack sub- Greeneville was first made, the current com- It is amazing to me that some of my marine, was named after the small city mander-in-chief was governor of Arkansas, colleagues can become so wedded to of Greeneville, TN, as a tribute to the and I was performing heart transplants in specific static numbers in the field of rich history of the city and its citizens. Nashville. And the Greeneville will continue economics, as if the numbers them- I ask that my remarks at the commis- to defend America into the next century, selves were some sort of Rosetta Stone sioning be printed in the RECORD. after both of us have returned to our home that could unlock the secret of eco- The remarks follow: states. nomic prosperity. Some people must While the Russians continue to produce TRIBUTE TO THE U.S.S. ‘‘GREENEVILLE’’ and improve their submarine capabilities, believe that understanding the econ- On behalf of the citizens of Greeneville— and we face increased proliferation of sub- omy is as easy as calibrating the atom- and indeed all the people of the great State marine technology among many other na- ic clock or measuring the snowfall at of Tennessee—it is an honor to be with you tions, the United States continues to field National Airport. In fact it is the phi- on this proud day. the finest submarine force in the world. S 1300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 And for that we owe a deep debt of grati- ty Trust for Preservation. While these THE FARM BILL—WETLAND tude to the skilled men and women of New- awards reflect the beauty and history RESTORATION port News, who have built and maintained of Douglass’ home, that Frederick the subs that have kept us ahead of our ad- ∑ Mr. LEAHY. Sections 357 and 358 of Douglass could own a home as a free S. 1541 were included in an amendment versaries. No nation on earth can match the man is the true monument. Douglass quality and pride that shows in every weld, to which we jointly agreed. Section 357 fitting, and watertight hatch. rightly believed that owning property establishes flood water retention pilot was a very important economic accom- We also owe a great debt to the submarin- projects under which farmers may re- plishment for African-Americans in the ers who patrol the icy depths of the world’s ceive incentives to restore land to fully waters in times of peace and in times of war. years following the Civil War. functioning wetlands. The restoration Their courage—and devotion to duty—are a It is, in my view, most fitting that model of sacrifice worthy of emulation and the commemoration of one of Mary- of these wetlands will benefit their gratitude from all of us. Americans are a pa- land’s most noted African-Americans neighbors by reducing flooding. triotic people who agree with the poet comes during Black History Month. Section 358 was included in the bill to Homer when he writes: ‘‘He serves me most Over the course of history, Maryland ensure that when a farmer voluntarily who serves his country best.’’ restores a wetland on land now exempt To every person who played a role in the has been the home of many prominent African-Americans including writer from Swampbuster penalties, that land fitting-out and commissioning of the U.S.S. will not subsequently be considered a Greeneville—Thank you. Langston Hughes, actor and singer To the officers and crew who will sail her Paul Robeson, Washington Judge Rob- converted wetland under Swampbuster. into the uncharted waters of the future— ert Terrell, and educator and author Section 364 was then added because of Good luck and Godspeed. In every sea, on Booker T. Washington; all of whom ei- concern that section 358 did not protect every mission, the spirit and prayers of the ther visited or lived in Highland Beach. against abandonment related regu- people of Greeneville will go with you. Mr. President, as the Frederick latory policies. The sections need to be They, too, can repeat with you the Mid- Douglass house becomes a monument rewritten to work correctly. shipman’s prayer of the Naval Academy: Would the Senator from Indiana ‘‘Almighty God, whose way is in the sea, in the splendid community of Highland whose paths are in the great waters, whose Beach, it provides an avenue for resi- agree that I have correctly described command is over all and whose love never dents and visitors to share in its the history of these amendments? faileth: . . . Protect those in whose love I unique and distinguished past. I join Mr. LUGAR. I agree with my col- live. . . . Guide me with the light of truth the citizens of Anne Arundel County in league about the history of these and give me the strength to faithfully serve demonstrating their pride in the his- amendments. thee, now and always.’’ tory of Highland Beach and their ex- Mr. LEAHY. It is important that Finally, to all here today to watch the pectation of continued success in the these amendments be correctly drafted U.S.S. Greeneville come alive, God bless you, if they are included in the final bill. God bless Greeneville, and God bless Amer- years ahead.∑ ica.∑ f Would my colleague agree that we will work together in conference to develop (At the request of Mr. DORGAN, the COMMENDING DEBORAH a provision based on the following prin- following statement was ordered to be WOELFLEIN AS THE 1996 NEW ciple: printed in the RECORD.) HAMPSHIRE TEACHER OF THE Swampbuster should operate in a f YEAR manner that encourages voluntary res- TRIBUTE TO FREDERICK DOUG- ∑ Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I rise toration of wetlands. A farmer should LASS AND THE TOWN OF HIGH- today to congratulate Deborah K. not suffer a Swampbuster penalty if LAND BEACH Woelflein, an English teacher at land he restores to a wetland later re- Merrimack High School, on being ∑ Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, verts to its prerestoration status. How- named New Hampshire’s 1996 National today I join with the citizens of High- ever, such a provision should be imple- Teacher of the Year. As a former teach- land Beach, MD, as they pay tribute to mented in a fashion consistent with er myself, I commend her outstanding the memory of Frederick Douglass— the wetland protection goals of accomplishment and well-deserved one of Maryland’s most celebrated na- Swampbuster. honor. tive sons—by preserving his historic Mr. LUGAR. I agree with my col- Deborah, who is a Nashua resident, league and will work to rewrite this house as a museum. His house, facing will spend the next year representing the Chesapeake Bay, looks out onto provision according to this principle in New Hampshire’s teaching profession conference.∑ the open sea and was a joyful reminder at various statewide and regional func- to Douglass of the freedom he so great- tions. As New Hampshire’s Teacher of f ly treasured. the Year, she will be considered for the While Frederick Douglass was born THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO National Teacher of the Year Award OPENS AN ONLINE GATEWAY in Talbot County, MD, and worked on sponsored by the Council of Chief State the docks of Fells Point in Baltimore, SITE TO THE U.S. GOVERNMENT School Officers and Scholastic, Inc. PRINTING OFFICE [GPO] he found peace and solace at his home The National Teacher of the Year Pro- in Highland Beach. Highland Beach was gram is the oldest and most prestigious ∑ Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I the first town to be established by Afri- honors program to focus public atten- rise today to recognize the collabo- can-Americans in the State of Mary- tion on excellence in teaching. New rative efforts of the libraries of the land and was officially incorporated in Hampshire’s Commissioner of Edu- University of New Mexico and the U.S. 1922, although settlers had been living cation, Elizabeth Twomey, named Government Printing Office to make in the vicinity for decades. The house Deborah the Teacher of the Year. important Federal Government docu- that is dedicated here today was de- Among Deborah’s numerous accom- ments more accessible to the public. signed by Douglass, but sadly, he never plishments as a teacher are several On February 29, 1996, the University of saw its completion. Instead his son ful- successful conferences she organized to New Mexico will officially open a gate- filled the task that was set forth by his draw together talented teachers to way site that will allow online access father, ensuring that the second floor share their expertise with their col- to the U.S. Government Printing Of- balcony that Douglass had dreamed of leagues. Timothy Mayes, principal at fice. This online feature will allow stu- was erected so that, ‘‘as a free man, I Merrimack High School, called her dents, constituents, and the public could look across the bay to the land ‘‘one of our most respected faculty equal and timely access to Government where I was born a slave.’’ members.’’ documents including the Federal Reg- The Frederick Douglass house was New Hampshire has always been ister, the Congressional Calendar, con- placed on the National Registry of His- lucky to have many talented teachers, gressional bills, public laws, and the toric Places in 1992 after extensive ren- but Deborah Woelflein is certainly a United States Code. ovations were completed. The house role model among the teachers of the UNM has long been a leader in edu- has also received the Orlando Rideout Granite State. I am proud of her com- cation and research in both New Mex- Prize for exceptional renovation in De- mitment to education and congratulate ico and our Nation. This initiative re- cember 1995 by the Anne Arundel Coun- her distinguished achievement.∑ affirms the University of New Mexico’s February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1301 commitment to building and maintain- tributed a significant amount of time one of the Constitution’s great defend- ing a world class research library. The and effort to help the students reach ers, and I know that my colleagues will university offers outstanding programs the national finals. I applaud all of agree with me when I say that Barbara that promote the use of invaluable doc- them on their commitment to enrich- Jordan will be greatly missed. uments that are included in the GPO’s ing the lives of these students. Mr. President, my own State of data base. The ‘‘We the People . . . Citizen and Maryland has been blessed to be the The GPO has chosen UNM to be one the Constitution’’ program provides an birthplace and home of countless out- of seven libraries in the country that excellent opportunity for students to standing black Americans. Maryland will provide World Wide Web access to gain an informed perspective about the was a bedrock of the underground rail- the GPO. With the Internet connection, history and principles of our Nation’s road which helped many African-Amer- individuals all over the world will have constitutional government. I wish icans find there way out of slavery to the opportunity to search and access these young constitutional experts freedom. In fact, and Harriet Tubman, some of the most important documents from Gorham High School and their the African-American woman credited in our Nation. Built on an existing teacher, Michael Brosnan, the best of with leading more than 200 men, campus and a public network, this luck in preparing for the April Na- women, and children to freedom on the gateway depository will serve as a tional finals. We are proud to have underground railroad, was a Mary- model to the electronic library deposi- them representing New Hampshire, and lander. tory system nationwide. wish them luck as they prepare to be Born into slavery around 1821 on a Mr. President, for its outstanding ac- America’s leaders in the 21st century.∑ Dorchester County plantation, Harriet complishments, sincere interest in (At the request of Mr. DORGAN, the Tubman escaped in 1849. However, in- opening the information superhighway, following statement was ordered to be stead of turning her back on those she and its outstanding service to New printed in the RECORD) had left behind, Harriet Tubman used Mexico and our Nation in the area of f her knowledge of Maryland’s Eastern education and technology, I would like BLACK HISTORY MONTH Shore to help other slaves escape to to commend the University of New freedom. She was so successful that Mexico.∑ ∑ Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I rise Maryland plantation owners placed a f today to add my voice to those who $40,000 price on her head, dead or alive. have already spoken in recognition of COMMENDING GORHAM HIGH Although she is most often remem- February as Black History Month. bered for her work on the underground SCHOOL STUDENTS FOR THEIR Since 1926 this Nation has designated PARTICIPATION IN THE ‘‘WE THE railroad, Harriet Tubman’s service to February as the month in which we this Nation continued throughout her PEOPLE . . . CITIZEN AND THE honor the achievements and contribu- CONSTITUTION’’ PROGRAM life. During the Civil War, she served as tions of African-Americans to our his- a spy for the Union Army as well as a ∑ Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I would tory, our culture, and our future. scout and a nurse. After the Civil War like to commend 17 students from Gor- One could also say that February is Harriet Tubman worked to resettle ham High School in Gorham, N.H. who the month in which we honor our Na- Negro war refugees, to establish the Af- were recently selected to compete in tion’s unsung heroes—from the Afri- rican Methodist Episcopal Zion the national finals of the ‘‘We the Peo- can-American soldiers who have often Church, and on behalf of women’s suf- ple . . . Citizen and the Constitution’’ received no acknowledgement for fight- frage. program to be held April 27 to 29 in ing in the American Revolution to the The history of Maryland is replete Washington, DC. These high school stu- African-American poets and authors with the contributions of African- dents competed on the State level on often excluded from literary antholo- American women—many of which have January 29 for the opportunity to rep- gies. The history of African-Americans gone undocumented and unrecognized. resent New Hampshire at the national is the history of what this country has Black History Month affords all Ameri- competition, and will be among more come to mean to so many people cans an opportunity to honor our he- than 1,200 students from 49 States and around the world. It is the story of roes both past and present, and to re- the District of Columbia to participate. seemingly unsurmountable odds over- mind ourselves of the many national The distinguished members of the come and challenges yet to be faced. heroes whose faces do not adorn cur- team representing New Hampshire are: This year the President has asked us rency or postage stamps and whose sto- Elizabeth Baker, Sarah Belanger, Mary all to pay a special tribute to the ries are not told in history books or en- Anne Bevin, Erika Clark, Amy Davis, achievements and contributions of cyclopedias. Alexandria Dery, George Eichler, black women who have risen above the Mr. President, as we near the end of Kathy Fortin, Kevin Glines, Andrea twin burdens and racism and sexism. this month, I hope that each of us will Guay, Kari Horne, Kami Michaud, Chad Black History Month provides our take a moment to remember the les- Miller, Gina Piattoni, Amie Tanguay, Nation with an opportunity to reflect sons of Black History Month and to Alicia Turner, and Jamie Washburn. upon the progress which we have made carry them with us throughout the All 17 New Hampshire students will as a nation in our struggle to promote year as a reminder of all that is truly be tested on the Constitution and Bill the constitutional principles of liberty, possible. Two hundred years ago, how of Rights before simulated congres- equality, and justice. One black woman many Americans would have imagined sional committees to demonstrate who contributed to the preservation of a Barbara Jordan or an Alice Walker? their knowledge of constitutional prin- those principles was Barbara Jordan. I Black History Month is a time to cele- ciples and their relevance to contem- was honored to have served alongside brate—to celebrate all of the great porary issues. The competition in Barbara Jordan in the Congress, and I achievements of African-Americans, to Washington will consist of 2 days of recall very well her steadfast devotion celebrate how far this country has hearings; and the 10 finalists, with the to our Constitution. Barbara Jordan come, and to remind us of how much highest scores, will compete for the eloquently and with great faith articu- further we have to go.∑ title of national winner on Capitol Hill lated and lived the basic principles un- in a congressional hearing room. derlying our democratic government f Michael Brosnan, a teacher at Gor- and society. I witnessed this dedication ham High School, also deserves special first-hand during our service on the PAUL G. GOEBEL, JR. recognition for helping these students House Judiciary Committee during the ∑ Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise prepare for the intense constitutional impeachment proceedings of former today to mark the passing of Paul G. testing. Raymond Kneeland, the Dis- President Nixon. Barbara Jordan un- Goebel, Jr., insurance executive and trict coordinator of the ‘‘We the People derstood that our Constitution is a pre- longtime friend to the University of . . . Citizen and the Constitution’’ pro- cious covenant and did her utmost to Michigan, Kent County Republicans, gram, Holly Belson, the State coordi- defend and uphold its promises to all of and the people of Michigan. Paul’s life nator, and Howard Zibel, of the New the citizens of the United States. With showed how hard work, honesty, and Hampshire Bar Association, all con- her recent passing, our Nation has lost decency can still produce success in S 1302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 America, and how they also can Mr. President, I ask that excerpts of Governor in 1930 at age 32 during the depths produce a giving character and impor- Mr. Campbell’s speech be printed in the of the great depression. The administration tant good works. RECORD so that it may be part of the of Governor Russell was one of decisive After graduating from the University historical record of Senator Russell’s change in our State—he cut the number of State agencies from 102 to 17 and cut the of Michigan in 1954, Paul served a 2- distinguished career in public service. cost of Government by 20 percent. At the year hitch in the U.S. Army. On re- The material follows: same time, there were numerous progressive turning home he entered the insurance REMARKS BY CHARLES E. CAMPBELL AT THE achievements of the Russell administration business. In the mid-1960’s he began RUSSELL STATUE LUNCHEON, OCTOBER 23, 1995 including the creation of a unified system of work with the Goebel-Hammon agency, Thank you, Governor Miller. First, I would higher education under a Board of Regents which became the Paul Goebel Group like to express the appreciation of the Rus- insulated from politics. That system sur- in the mid 1980’s. This successful agen- sell foundation to Governor Miller and Sen- vives today. cy provided coverage for professional ator Nunn for hosting this luncheon today. When a Senate seat became vacant in 1932, Zell Miller and Sam Nunn have long been Governor Russell ran successfully and took associations and businesses. In 1994 he office at the age of 34 on January 12, 1933. He left the business in the capable hands friends of Richard Russell and of the Russell Foundation. was the Nation’s youngest Senator. Richard Russell served 38 years in the U.S. of his daughter, Margaret. I had the privilege of working for the last Senate, becoming the first person in the his- Paul’s activities were never limited 6 years of Senator Russell’s life as a member tory of the United States to serve over half to his business. He served as president of his staff in Washington. Today, I have the their life in the Senate. During this time, of the University of Michigan Grand honor to serve as Chairman of the Richard from 1933 through 1970—he never missed a Rapids Alumni Club. As early as 1968 Russell Foundation. The Russell Foundation single opening session of Congress. You is a non-profit corporation established by ad- he received the Outstanding Young might call him the Cal Ripken of the Senate. mirers of Senator Russell in Georgia. It sup- Man of the Year Award from the Grand Senator Russell’s Senate career was per- ports numerous activities related to the Rapids Jaycees. He was appointed an haps unique in the history of our Country. preservation of the Senator’s memory, his honorary member of the United Way of No Senator, at least in modern times, has records and discussion of public policy ques- amassed the power and influence that Rich- Kent County in 1977 and served in a va- tions in which Senator Russell had a particu- ard Russell enjoyed both in the Senate itself riety of capacities for that agency, in- lar interest. cluding president. and at the White House. Next January will mark the 25th anniver- When we refer to Richard Russell as a An Ada Township resident, Paul also sary of Richard Russell’s death. At that ‘‘President’s Senator’’ we are referring to was a big supporter of the Republican time, we will have an opportunity to partici- the fact that he enjoyed an extremely close cause in Kent County and in Michigan pate in an event that will not only bring relationship with every American President as a whole. The son of Paul G. Goebel, great credit to Senator Russell but to our from Franklin Roosevelt through Richard Sr., mayor of Grand Rapids during State as well. I refer to the dedication of the Nixon and was a confidential advisor of Richard B. Russell Statue. The Russell Stat- every one of them. much of the 1950’s, he also served as a ue is a 7-foot marble statue that will be Kent County commissioner from 1972 Four of the Presidents with whom Senator placed in the Rotunda area of the Russell Russell served—Harry Truman, John Ken- to 1974 and was once chairman of the Senate Office Building. The Russell Senate nedy, Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon— county GOP. In 1974 he launched an un- Office Building is the oldest and most pres- had previously served in the Senate where successful bid to win back for the Re- tigious of the three senate office buildings in Richard Russell was the preeminent Senator. publicans the seat once held by Gerald Washington. In 1972—the year after Senator He knew them all well and they all knew be- Ford. Disappointing as it was, however, Russell died—the Congress, through joint fore they arrived at the White House that this loss could hardly mar a life filled resolution, renamed what had been known as Richard Russell was the foremost congres- the ‘‘Old Senate Office Building’’ as the with friendship, family, and an active sional authority on national security and a ‘‘Richard B. Russell Senate Office Building.’’ Senator who was good to his word in all mat- desire to serve the community. The Russell Senate Office Building is one of Paul passed away on February 15, ters. The other two Presidents—Franklin the most important buildings in our Nation’s Roosevelt and Dwight Eisenhower—also had just a few weeks after being diagnosed Capitol. It was there that such momentous extensive prior relationships with Senator with lung cancer. My thoughts go out events in the history of our country took Russell. Franklin Roosevelt and Richard to his family but, sad as I am at his place as the hearings to inquire into Presi- Russell became friends as young men when passing, I also feel privileged to have dent Truman’s dismissal of General Douglas they were both serving as Governor of their known a man of his warm and giving McArthur during the Korean War (hearings States—Franklin Roosevelt in New York and which Senator Russell chaired incidentally), character.∑ Richard Russell here in Georgia. the announcement of John F. Kennedy’s In fact, at the 1932 Democratic National f presidential campaign, the Senate Watergate Convention, Richard Russell made a nomi- CHARLES CAMPBELL’S SPEECH IN hearings (of which Senator Talmadge was nating speech for Franklin Roosevelt in the HONOR OF SENATOR RICHARD B. such an important part), and, more recently, first of Roosevelt’s four successful cam- the Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings. RUSSELL paigns for the White House. Even though he The dedication of the Russell Statue at 4 was a new Senator at the time, Richard Rus- ∑ Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, on Janu- p.m. on January 24, 1996 will focus on three sell had a significant leadership role in the ary 24, 1996, I joined many of our col- distinct aspects of Senator Russell’s Senate Senate in passing New Deal farm legislation leagues in honoring the late Senator career: (1) Richard B. Russell—A President’s that created the Farmer’s Home Administra- Richard Brevard Russell of Georgia. Al- Senator; (2) Richard B. Russell—A Senator’s tion, established farm price supports and soil Senator and (3) Richard B. Russell—Geor- conservation protection measures. During most 25 years after the death of Sen- gia’s Senator. ator Russell, hundreds of Russell fam- this time, he authored the National School The President of the United States has Lunch Program. ily members, friends, and former col- been invited to speak on the first topic and, Senator Russell, as a result of his position leagues dedicated a 7-foot marble stat- while he has made no final commitment, the of influence on the Senate Armed Services ue of Senator Russell in the rotunda of initial indications are positive for his par- Committee, dealt extensively with Dwight the Senate Office Building which bears ticipation. Senator Robert Byrd, the former Eisenhower when General Eisenhower was his name. Majority Leader of the Senate, and Senator the Supreme Allied Commander in World In the near future, our distinguished Robert Dole, the present Majority Leader of War II. They had become close friends before the Senate, have both agreed to speak on 1952 when General Eisenhower was elected colleague, the Honorable ROBERT C. Richard B. Russell—a Senator’s Senator. Our President. Their friendship continued and BYRD, will insert a transcript of the Governor will speak on the topic of ‘‘Richard grew during the Eisenhower Presidency. ceremony into the CONGRESSIONAL B. Russell—Georgia’s Senator.’’ Senator Sam One characteristic that was dominant in RECORD. Today, I want to share with Nunn will serve as Master of Ceremonies. Senator Russell’s relationship not only with the Senate excerpts from a speech de- Many of you in this room knew Richard Presidents but with everyone else was his livered last fall at the Governor’s Man- Russell personally and many others of you staunch independence. No matter how close sion in Atlanta by Mr. Charles E. know him by reputation. His career was one a friend he was of a President nor how much Campbell, president of the Richard B. of the most outstanding in our Nation’s his- political pressure was brought to bear on Russell Foundation in Atlanta. I am tory. He served 50 continuous years in public him, he steadfastly refused to support any office. he served 10 years in the Georgia measure in which he did not personally be- grateful to Mr. William Jordan, my House of Representatives, including the last lieve. Probably the two Presidents who were friend and a former senior staff assist- 4 as Speaker. He became Speaker of the the closest personally to Richard Russell ant to Senator Russell, for making this Georgia House in 1926 before he was even 30 were Franklin Roosevelt and Lyndon John- text available to me. years of age. He became Georgia’s youngest son. However, in both instances, Richard February 23, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S 1303 Russell could not support important legisla- and found out that the particular appoint- Columbia. I had the opportunity to tive matters pursued by them. He was one of ment in question was in a discipline in which meet Richard in February 1994, and his four Senators to provide the decisive votes a professor at Georgia State University here commitment to the space program and against President Roosevelt’s efforts to pack in Atlanta was a nationally recognized ex- to America was heartening. the Supreme Court after it declared several pert. Senator Russell deleted the name of the of the New Deal programs unconstitutional. recommended appointee and inserted the New Hampshire is very proud of His independence also caused strains in his Georgia State professor instead. Amazingly, Richard’s leadership in the NASA space relationship with Lyndon Johnson 30 years thereafter the names of qualified Georgians program and wish him continued suc- later when he opposed certain provisions in started appearing with greater frequency on cess in the future. We are honored to the President’s civil rights legislation, the the lists. have him represent us in the final fron- social programs of the ‘‘Great Society’’ and A second true story I would relate involves tier.∑ the way in which the War in Vietnam was Senator Russell’s decision regarding activi- f conducted. ties relating to his death. Before he died, he In all things, Richard Russell remained specified that his body was to be returned to DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPRO- true to his view of what was best for the Georgia immediately upon his death. This is PRIATIONS ACT, 1996—CON- Country. because he wanted his body to lie in State at FERENCE REPORT If Senator Russell’s friendship with Presi- Georgia’s Capitol here in Atlanta as opposed dents was unusual, his standing in the Sen- to in Washington. It is ironic that when the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ate itself was perhaps unique. His power was President’s Senator and the Senator’s Sen- the previous order, the Chair lays be- such that he could have become Majority ator died, there were only three official ac- fore the Senate the conference report Leader or Minority Leader on any number of tivities marking his death in Washington: (1) to accompany H.R. 2546, the D.C. appro- occasions. However, he declined because of The President of the United States ordered his desire to maintain independence of priations bill, which the clerk will re- American flags to half staff; (2) the President port. thought and voting, making it impossible for paused in his State of the Union Address for him to agree in advance to support the pro- a moment of silent prayer and (3) the hearse The bill clerk read as follows: gram of any administration. Instead of be- carrying Senator Russells’ body was viewed The committee on conference on the dis- coming Majority or Minority Leader of the by the entire Senate standing on the Capitol agreeing votes of the two Houses on the Senate, he largely selected several such lead- steps on its way to Andrews Air Force Base amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. ers and became the Senate’s mentor. Sen- to be returned via Air Force One to Georgia. 2546) making appropriations for the govern- ators of both parties, of all political persua- Richard Russell, was, in deed, Georgia’s ment of the District of Columbia and other sions and from all parts of the country Senator. The inscription selected by the Rus- activities chargeable in whole or in part turned to Richard Russell more than anyone sell Foundation to be placed on the Russell against the revenues of said District for the else for guidance and for help in the dis- Statue will read simply as follows: fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, and for charge of their Senate duties. They knew he ‘‘Richard B. Russell, Jr.—Senator from other purposes, having met, after full and was a man of integrity, independence and Georgia—1933–1971.’’∑ free conference, have agreed to recommend good faith. f and do recommend to their respective Houses Richard Russell was, in deed, a Senator’s this report, signed by a majority of the con- Senator. ASTRONAUT RICHARD SEARFOSS ferees. He was also Georgia’s Senator. Many Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I rise times, it seems that one who achieves the ∑ The Senate proceeded to consider the position of national prominence and power today to congratulate Astronaut Rich- conference report. as did Richard Russell, forgets his or her ard Searfoss, a Portsmouth, NH, na- (The conference report is printed in home state constituents because of the press tive, who will pilot the space shuttle the House proceedings of the RECORD of of what are viewed as more important duties. Atlantis, scheduled to leave Cape Ca- January 31, 1996.) Such was not the case with Richard Russell. naveral, FL, in March. This is an ex- f Up until the very end, he considered among ceptional honor for an astronaut, and his most important duties that of faithfully everyone in his home State of New CLOTURE MOTION representing the people of Georgia in Wash- Hampshire is very proud of his accom- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I send a ington. He was fond of saying ‘‘I have been elected to represent and work for Georgia’s plishment. cloture motion to the desk and ask for interest in Washington and not Washington’s Richard attended Portsmouth High its immediate consideration. interest in Georgia.’’ School and as a student scored a per- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- Georgians have benefited immensely and fect 1,600 on his scholastic aptitude ture motion having been presented continue to benefit from Richard Russell’s test. He was also the keynote speaker under rule XXII, the Chair directs the public service career. Benefits directly trace- at the Portsmouth High School gradua- clerk to read the motion. able to his representation of Georgia in the tion ceremony for the class of 1994. The bill clerk read as follows: Senate include Lockheed—Georgia as a prime military contractor and a principal Later, Richard on a National Science CLOTURE MOTION employer in this State, the National Com- Foundation Fellowship in 1979 earned a We the undersigned Senators, in accord- municable Disease Center here in Atlanta, master of science degree in aeronautics ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the the Richard Russell Federal Building that from the California Institute of Tech- Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby houses our federal court system, the numer- nology. The people of Portsmouth rec- move to bring to a close debate on the con- ous Corps of Engineers lake developments on ognize Richard as an outstanding role ference report to accompany H.R. 2546, the Georgia’s rivers, and too many outstanding model for all of his hard work and de- D.C. appropriations bill: military bases to even mention. termination in becoming an exemplary Robert Dole, James M. Jeffords, Richard I relate two brief stories to illustrate the Lugar, Conrad Burns, Strom Thur- importance serving Georgia had to Richard astronaut. mond, Slade Gorton, Charles Grassley, Russell up until the very end. Several years Richard will pilot the 9-day Atlantis Robert F. Bennett, Christopher Bond, before he died, Senator Russell became the mission that will allow the five astro- Nancy Kassebaum, Mark Hatfield, President Pro Tempore of the Senate—which nauts on board to hook up with the Arlen Specter, Mitch McConnell, Ted is in some ways roughly equivalent to the Russian space station, Mir, and drop off Stevens, Connie Mack, and Pete V. Do- Speaker of the House of Representatives. As Astronaut Shannon Lucid. Shannon menici. President Pro Tempore, he was the titular will spend 4 months aboard the manned Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, for the in- head of the Senate and third in line of suc- space station, located about 200 nau- cession to the Presidency. A part of the job formation of all Senators, this cloture as President Pro Tempore was to make ap- tical miles from Earth. Atlantis will vote will occur on Tuesday, February pointments to various national commissions dock at the space station for 5 days and 27, at 2:15 p.m., and will be the first or boards where the President had an ap- then return to Earth with one of the vote of the week. pointment, the Speaker of the House had an three other astronauts who manned the f appointment and the President Pro Tempore station. The flight will also include a of the Senate had an appointment. spacewalk. ORDER FOR RECORD TO REMAIN After routinely approving recommended This mission is not the first time OPEN UNTIL 2 P.M. appointments for a couple of weeks, Senator Richard has been in space. As a test Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- Russell called me into his office one day and had on his desk a proposed appointment to a pilot in the October 1993 space mission, imous consent that the RECORD remain national commission. He asked me: ‘‘Isn’t Richard was one of seven crew mem- open today until the hour of 2 p.m., for there anyone in Georgia qualified for any of bers to participate in a 2-week life the introduction of bills and the sub- these positions?’’ We got to looking around sciences mission on the space shuttle mission of statements by Senators. S 1304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 23, 1996 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without have been a period for morning busi- lumbia appropriations conference re- objection, it is so ordered. ness so that Senators may submit port. f statements for the RECORD until 4 p.m., f or until the reading of Washington’s PROGRAM Farewell Address is completed, which- RECESS UNTIL MONDAY, Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, under the ever is later. FEBRUARY 26, 1996, AT 3 P.M. previous order, when the Senate com- pletes its business today, it will stand The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, if there is in recess until the hour of 3 p.m., Mon- objection, it is so ordered. no further business to come before the day, February 26, and that following Mr. LOTT. No further business will Senate, I now ask that the Senate the prayer, Senator AKAKA will be rec- be transacted on Monday and there will stand in recess under the previous ognized to read President George Wash- be no rollcall votes. Senators are re- order. ington’s Farewell Address. I ask unani- minded that the next rollcall vote will Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:53 p.m., mous consent that following the read- be at 2:15 p.m., Tuesday, February 27, recessed until Monday, February 26, ing of the address, there be deemed to to invoke cloture on the District of Co- 1996, at 3 p.m.