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Colleague, Critic, and Sometime Counselor to Thomas Becket
JOHN OF SALISBURY: COLLEAGUE, CRITIC, AND SOMETIME COUNSELOR TO THOMAS BECKET By L. Susan Carter A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History–Doctor of Philosophy 2021 ABSTRACT JOHN OF SALISBURY: COLLEAGUE, CRITIC, AND SOMETIME COUNSELOR TO THOMAS BECKET By L. Susan Carter John of Salisbury was one of the best educated men in the mid-twelfth century. The beneficiary of twelve years of study in Paris under the tutelage of Peter Abelard and other scholars, John flourished alongside Thomas Becket in the Canterbury curia of Archbishop Theobald. There, his skills as a writer were of great value. Having lived through the Anarchy of King Stephen, he was a fierce advocate for the liberty of the English Church. Not surprisingly, John became caught up in the controversy between King Henry II and Thomas Becket, Henry’s former chancellor and successor to Theobald as archbishop of Canterbury. Prior to their shared time in exile, from 1164-1170, John had written three treatises with concern for royal court follies, royal pressures on the Church, and the danger of tyrants at the core of the Entheticus de dogmate philosophorum , the Metalogicon , and the Policraticus. John dedicated these works to Becket. The question emerges: how effective was John through dedicated treatises and his letters to Becket in guiding Becket’s attitudes and behavior regarding Church liberty? By means of contemporary communication theory an examination of John’s writings and letters directed to Becket creates a new vista on the relationship between John and Becket—and the impact of John on this martyred archbishop. -
The Classics in the Middle Ages
The Classics in the Middle Ages Papers of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Center Jor Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies Edited by Aldo S. Bernardo Saul Levin meDieval & Renaissance 'texts & scoöies Center for Medieval & Early Renaissance Studies Binghamton, New York 1990 PLENARY LECTURE "Potens in opere et serrnone": Philip, Bishop of Bayeux, and His Books * R. H. ROUSE AND M. A. ROUSE In contrasting the world of monastic learning with that of the cathedral schools, Sir Richard Southern said of the twelfth-century student, "He not only knew where to study, he also knew that his studies would have a market value." The schools, in Southern's words, "brought the idea of ... order and rationality into every area of human experience!' In the early twelfth century, "slowly the ruling households of Europe, at alllev- els from the papal court to the household of a minor baron, were penetrat- ed by men calling themselves masters, or as we should say, university men." This theme, the significant place of the schools in the formation of the twelfth-century state, permeates Southern's study of the period. I The key role of the northern French cathedral schools in the growth of Anglo- Norman administration - civil and ecclesiastic - is a near text- book example, which no doubt was very much in Southern's thinking when he wrote these statements. Names come to mind almost unbid- den: John of Salisbury, Arnulf of Lisieux, Hugh of Amiens, Rotrou of Rouen, Gilbert Foliot, Gerald of Wales-men whose ascent up the Anglo- Norman ladder depended on schooling as well as (or even instead of) birth. -
Arnulf of Lisieux and the Crisis at Grestain 1164–6: Brother Bishops, Inherited Policies and Failed Leadership
Journal of Medieval History ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmed20 Arnulf of Lisieux and the crisis at Grestain 1164–6: brother bishops, inherited policies and failed leadership Gustav Zamore To cite this article: Gustav Zamore (2020) Arnulf of Lisieux and the crisis at Grestain 1164–6: brother bishops, inherited policies and failed leadership, Journal of Medieval History, 46:4, 419-448, DOI: 10.1080/03044181.2020.1787210 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2020.1787210 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 07 Jul 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 283 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rmed20 JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY 2020, VOL. 46, NO. 4, 419–448 https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2020.1787210 Arnulf of Lisieux and the crisis at Grestain 1164–6: brother bishops, inherited policies and failed leadership Gustav Zamore Stockholms Universitet Historiska institutionen, Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This article examines the failed reform of the abbey of Grestain by Received 13 November 2018 Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux (r. 1141–81). Faced with a disobedient Accepted 6 July 2019 abbot, in whose absence the monks had resorted to violence and KEYWORDS murder, Arnulf saw an opportunity to stamp his authority on his Arnulf of Lisieux; Grestain diocese by turning the monastery into a house of canons regular. ’ abbey; church reform; Arnulf s policies were shaped by the example of his older brother Benedictines; canons regular John, bishop of Sées (r. -
The Battle of Las Navas De Tolosa: the Culture and Practice of Crusading in Medieval Iberia
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2011 The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: The Culture and Practice of Crusading in Medieval Iberia Miguel Dolan Gomez [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the European History Commons, History of Religion Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Gomez, Miguel Dolan, "The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: The Culture and Practice of Crusading in Medieval Iberia. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1079 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Miguel Dolan Gomez entitled "The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: The Culture and Practice of Crusading in Medieval Iberia." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Thomas E. Burman, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Jay Rubenstein, Chad Black, Maura Lafferty Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: The Culture and Practice of Crusading in Medieval Iberia A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Miguel Dolan Gomez August 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Miguel D. -
VENGEANCE and the C 1095-1216 I Usaildes
Pý )3 . VENGEANCE AND THE C ý USAIlDES 1095-1216 SusannaA. Throop Trinity Hall 1 September2005 , ý.. 1 Y UF., ,: LIýRýýnY This dissertationis submittedfor the degreeof Doctor of Philosophy. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration of length and originality, Abstract iv Abbreviations V Introduction I Chapter 1: Sources and methodology 6 Vengeance in other relevant disciplines 6 Vengeance in the Middle Ages 19 The idea of crusadingas vengeance 22 Methodology 27 Primary sources 29 1QQ5m1137 29 1138m119i 32 1198-1216 39 Chapter 2: The meaningof vindicta, upd®and venjance 43 Vengeanceand justice 44 Vengeance, power and emotion s® Vengeance and religion 61 Ethnicity, gender and vengeance 68 Summary 70 Chapter 3: Zealnvengeance and the crusades 72 Evidence 72 Analysisand argument 78 Christian love and righteous anger 78 Emotion and action 83 Summary 95 H Fart H 98 Chapter 4: The idea of crusadingas vengeance,1095-1 137 98 Evidence 98 Analysis and argument 105 God°s vengeanceon the unfaithful 106 Milftxy obligation and social relationships Anti-Jewish sentiment 117 Summary 123 Chapter 5: The idea of crusading as vengeance, 1138-1197 125 Evidence 125 Analysis and argument 136 God's vengeance, papal power andanG the nature of; ls&vntc injuries 138 Cruciftion and crusade 147 Identity andhierarchy 156 Summary 163 Chapter 6: The idea of crusadingas vengeance,1198-1216 165 Evidence 165 Analysis and argument 175 Christian unity 175 Judaism, Islam, heresyand the crucifixion 181 Friendship and vengeance Is5 S 188 Conclusion 189 Appendix:A Crusading ideology and literature 194 iblio iziraphy 197 Sources 197 Secondary literature 202 ifi DECLARATION OF LENGTH AND, 0 ýI ýýýITY This dissertationdoes not exceed8®n®00., words in length, including mºmpendices and excluding footpn®tes. -
Reframing Empire: Byzantium and the Transformation of European Identity, C
Reframing Empire: Byzantium and the Transformation of European Identity, C. 1400–1520 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Aschenbrenner, Nathanael. 2019. Reframing Empire: Byzantium and the Transformation of European Identity, C. 1400–1520. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42029579 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Reframing Empire: Byzantium and the Transformation of European Identity, c. 1400–1520 A dissertation presented by Nathanael Aschenbrenner to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2019 ! © 2019 Nathanael Aschenbrenner All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Dimiter Angelov Nathanael Aschenbrenner Reframing Empire: Byzantium and the Transformation of European Identity, c. 1400–1520 Abstract This dissertation investigates the social and political functions of ideas of empire in sustaining, subverting, and reshaping communities in late medieval and early modern Europe. Examining fifteenth-century imperial thought in and about the Byzantine empire drawn from rarely examined Greek and Latin texts, this dissertation shows how empire became a critical category in negotiations over political legitimacy and identity amidst the rapid reconfigurations of the Mediterranean world c. 1400–1520. In the dying Byzantine empire, oratorical celebrations of imperial authority bound elites together, but also magnified deep social and political divisions over church politics, imperial territory, and succession, hastening the empire’s demise. -
How the Conflict Between Bernard of Clairvaux’S Cistercian Order and Peter Abelard’S Scholasticism Contributed to the Equating of Jews with Heretics
ABSTRACT ANDERSON, ROSS MATTHEW. The Effect of Factionalism on Jewish Persecution: How the Conflict between Bernard of Clairvaux’s Cistercian Order and Peter Abelard’s Scholasticism Contributed to the Equating of Jews with Heretics. (Under the direction of Dr. Julie Mell.) The burgeoning antagonism of Western Christians against European Jewry must be understood within the context of the battle between two twelfth-century Christian ideologies. The popular movements of Cistercian apostolicism and Scholasticism’s fixation on rationalism offered feuding epitomes of the ideal ecclesiastic model. The climactic meeting between the spokesmen of both movements (Bernard of Clairvaux and Peter Abelard) reinforced a growing hostility toward those who did not meet the ideal of either movement, especially Jews. Both men contributed to anti-Jewish rhetoric as well as to the growing development of likening heterodoxy with heresy in the twelfth-century Church. As a result, the Jew was increasingly placed within that definition of heresy. Church historians have increasingly studied the works of both Bernard and Abelard to determine the influence each churchman had on anti-Jewish persecution. David Berger’s Persecution, Polemic, and Dialogue: Essays in Jewish-Christian Relations and Abulafia’s Christians and Jews in Dispute are two such works that have respectively argued for the individual culpability of both men in the worsening medieval image of the Jew, but never has a study examined the role that the conflict between the two had on twelfth-century Jews. Lately, individual scholars have independently questioned the role of Jews in the medieval economy, the origins of the Cistercian movement, and the traditional explanation of Bernard’s and Abelard’s conflict at Sens. -
Pope Innocent II (1130-43)
Pope Innocent II (1130–43) The pontificate of Innocent II (1130–43) has long been recognized as a watershed in the history of the papacy, marking the transition from the age of reform to the so-called papal monarchy, when an earlier generation of idealistic reform- ers gave way to hard-headed pragmatists intent on securing worldly power for the Church. Whilst such a conception may be a cliché, its effect has been to concentrate scholarship more on the schism of 1130 and its effects than on Innocent II himself. This volume puts Innocent at the centre, bringing together the authorities in the field to give an overarching view of his pontificate, which was very important in terms of the internationalization of the papacy, the internal development of the Roman Curia, the integrity of the papal state and the governance of the local church, as well as vital to the development of the Kingdom of Sicily and the Empire. †John Doran was Senior Lecturer in Medieval History at University of Ches- ter, UK. Damian J. Smith is Associate Professor of Medieval History at Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA. Church, Faith and Culture in the Medieval West Series Editors: Brenda Bolton, with Anne J. Duggan and Damian J. Smith The series Church, Faith and Culture in the Medieval West reflects the central con- cerns necessary for any in-depth study of the medieval Church – greater cul- tural awareness and interdisciplinarity. Including both monographs and edited collections, this series draws on the most innovative work from established and younger scholars alike, offering a balance of interests, vertically through the period from c.400 to c.1500 or horizontally across Latin Christendom. -
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV Edited by David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 0521414105 - The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV Edited by David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith Index More information INDEX Note: Page numbers in italics refer to maps and figures; footnotes are annotated n; plate numbers are given in italics (e.g. Plate 43) Aachen, council of (816–17) 247 account rolls 12–13 Abasges peoples 578n Accursius, Glossa ordinaria 124, 137 ‘Abbadids, of Seville 603, 604 Acerenza, province of 445 ‘Abbasid caliphate 9, 564, 566, 620 Acre 65, 562, 574 abbatia (abbey), use of term 353 siege of 45, 559–61 abbeys see monasteries; religious communities Adalard of Corbie, Statutes of 35 Abbo, abbot of Fleury 361, 493 Adalbero, bishop of Laon 4, 148–9, 167, 336, 366 abbots 15, 353 critic of Peace of God movement 192, 193–4 appointment of 360, 361 Adalbero, bishop of Metz 277 and n lay (secular) 361 Adalbert, archbishop of Hamburg/Bremen ‘Abd al-Mu’min, Almohad caliph 592, 611, 243–4, 258 612–13 Adalbert of Bologna 477 and al-Andalus 614, 615–16 Adam, abbot of Ebrach 550 ‘Abd al-Rahman III, caliph of Cordoba´ 602 Adam of Balsham (Adam du Petit-Pont) 399, ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Nasir, caliph of Cordoba´ 599, 476, 492 603 Adam of St Victor 672 ‘Abd al-Rahman (Sanjul) 601 Adana (Cilicia) 541, 568, 588 ‘Abd Allah bin al-Aftas, ruler of Badajoz 603 Adela of Blois 343, 511, 544, 673 ‘Abd Allah bin Buluggin, ruler of Granada 604, Adelaide of Maurienne 549 605, 607 Adelard of Bath 436, 463, 481 ‘Abd Allah bin Yasin, founder of Almoravids 606 on music 472 Abdallah ibn al-Fadl 575 on philosophy -
CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS of EPISCOPAL POWER, 1070 – C. 1150
CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS OF EPISCOPAL POWER, 1070 – c. 1150 by CHARLOTTE LEWANDOWSKI A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSPHY Department of Medieval History College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham September 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. · Contents · Abbreviations Introduction Bishops: the measure of power 1 Part One: In principio erat verbum From Charisma to Bureaucracy Chapter One The English Primacy Dispute: articulating episcopal power 31 Chapter Two Excommunication: the power of words 67 Part Two: Et verbum caro factum est Church/State Dichotomy Chapter Three Monks and Courtiers: episcopal power in performance 103 Chapter Four New Masculinities: gendering episcopal power 143 Part Three: Et habitavit in nobis The Norman Conquest Chapter Five New Cathedrals and Old Saints: negotiating episcopal power 185 Conclusion Hactenus de episcopis 225 Bibliography 228 Abbreviations ANS Anglo-Norman Studies: Proceedings of the Battle Conference [Formerly known as, Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies] (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1983- ). Anselm, Letters Sancti Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi opera omnia (letters), Dom F. -
The Cambridge History of CHRISTIANITY
the cambridge history of CHRISTIANITY * Christianity in Western Europe c. 1100–c. 1500 During the early middle ages, Europe developed complex and varied Christian cultures, and from about 1100 secular rulers, com- peting factions and inspired individuals continued to engender a diverse and ever-changing mix within Christian society. This vol- ume explores the wide range of institutions, practices and experi- ences associated with the life of European Christians in the later middle ages. The clergy of this period initiated new approaches to the role of priests, bishops and popes, and developed an ambitious project to instruct the laity. For lay people, the practices of parish religion were central, but many sought additional ways to enrich their lives as Christians. Impulses towards reform and renewal periodically swept across Europe, led by charismatic preachers and supported by secular rulers. At the same time, Christians were often preoccupied and troubled by non-Christians within their own communities and on their borders. This book provides accessible accounts of these complex historical processes and entices the reader towards further enquiry. Miri Rubin is Professor of Medieval History at Queen Mary, University of London. Her most recent publications include Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary (2009)andThe Hollow Crown: A History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages (2005). Walter Simons is Associate Professor in the Department of History, Dartmouth College. He is author of Cities of Ladies: Beguine Communities in the Medieval Low Countries 1200–1565 (2001) and co-editor of Ludo J. R. Milis, Religion, Culture and Medieval Low Countries: Selected Essays (2005) with Jeroen Deploige, Martine De Reu and Steven Vanderputten and The Productivity of Urban Space in Northern Europe (2002) with Peter Arnade and Martha Howell. -
Political and Economic Relations Between Venice, Byzantium and Southern Italy (1081-1197)
Political and economic relations between Venice, Byzantium and Southern Italy (1081-1197) Daniele Morossi Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds, School of History September 2018 1 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgment. 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents and relatives for having supported me for all these years, my supervisor, Graham A. Loud, for his help and patience, my MA and BA dissertation mentor, Paolo Cammarosano, for having been an amazing guide in my university career, and Roberta Cervani and Maria Rosa Formentin for their help when I was submitting my PhD application. I cannot omit to mention the academics that have helped me with their suggestions, or by providing PDFs of their articles: Carlo Beltrame, Marialuisa Bottazzi, Vera von Falkenhausen, Peter Frankopan, Richard Greenfield, Jean-Marie Martin, Savvas Neocleous, and Dmitri Nikolaievich Tolstoy-Miloslavsky. Amongst the staff of the IMS, I would especially like to thank Julia Barrow, William Flynn, Emilia Jamroziak, Jonathan Jarrett, and Maroula Perisanidi for their help and support. Many thanks to all the students of the IMS, and in particular to Isabella Bolognese, Clarck Drieshen, Hervin Fernández-Aceves, Antonella Furno, James Hill, Andrea Mancini, Francesca Petrizzo, Trevor Russell Smith, James Titterton, Otávio Luiz Vieira Pinto, and Romina Westphal.