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Allan Boesak En Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Sendingkerk: ‘N Teologies - Historiese Ondersoek

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Allan Boesak En Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Sendingkerk: ‘N Teologies - Historiese Ondersoek ALLAN BOESAK EN DIE NEDERDUITSE GEREFORMEERDE SENDINGKERK: ‘N TEOLOGIES - HISTORIESE ONDERSOEK deur EUGENE ANDRÉ FORTEIN Proefskrif ingelewer vir die graad Doktor in Teologie (Ekklesiologie) in die Fakulteit Teologie aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch PROMOTOR: PROF. ROBERT VOSLOO Maart 2016 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2015 Eugene André Fortein Copyright © 2016 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DANKBETUIGINGS Met die voltooiing van hierdie proefskrif wil ek graag die volgende persone en inrigtings bedank wat my studies moontlik gemaak het en sonder wie se ondersteuning ek nie hierdie besonderse mylpaal sou bereik het nie: Die Drie-Enige God, Vader, Seun en Heilige Gees, wie my in die lewe geroep het en aan wie ek my totale bestaan te danke het. Sonder die inspirasie van die Heilige Gees gedurende hierdie studie sou ek nie hierdie mylpaal bereik het nie. Ek loof die Heer dat ek Hom opnuut gedurende hierdie studie kon ontdek en ontmoet het. Hierdie proefskrif getuig net van die grootheid van God se genade in my lewe. My vrou, Valencia, sonder wie se opoffering en ondersteuning ek nie hierdie proefskrif sou voltooi het nie. Die sukses van hierdie mylpaal is soveel hare as myne. Dankie vir jou aansporing. My twee pragtige twee dogters, Eugené en Valené. Ek hoop dat hierdie proefskrif ook vir hulle as motivering sal dien om in die toekoms te kies vir geregtigheid en om die beginsels van die Belydenis van Belhar te omarm. My gesin is my rots. My ouers, Jenny en Hubert, wie my van kindsbeen af met die evangelie van Jesus gevoed het. Dankie vir die opvoeding en geleenthede wat julle vir my moontlik gemaak het. Dankie vir julle gebede en ondersteuning. Hierdie studie is die vrug van julle handewerk. My wyle suster Kim. Ek mis haar steeds. Die res van my uitgebreide familie en wie almal vir my gebid en ondersteun het. My skoonouers, Maureen en my wyle skoonvader, Elf. Ek is oortuig dat hy ook baie trots op my sou gewees het. Julle ondersteuning het my gedra. Natuurlik ook my ouma, wat my kom leer het wat geloof in God werklik is. Hierdie studie is ook vir haar. Aan my geestelike moeder, die Verenigende Gereformeerde Kerk in Suider-Afrika, wie my gevorm en gesmee het. Sonder haar impak sou nie gewees het wie ek vandag is nie. Aan die kuratorium, dankie ook vir julle ondersteuning en bydrae tot my studies. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Aan my voorouers, wie se opofferinge deur die eeue heen nie verniet was nie. Dit is as gevolg van hulle deursettingsvermoë dat ek en my nageslag ‘n lewe van menswaardigheid en geregtigheid kan lewe. Hulle opofferinge was nie tevergeefs nie. Aan my promotor, Prof. Robert Vosloo, wie se aansporing en leiding gedurende hierdie studie van onskatbare waarde was. Sy toewyding en entoesiasme het my deurgaans aangemoedig om hierdie studie te voltooi. ‘n Baie groot dankie aan hom. Aan Allan Boesak. ‘n Woord van diepe dank moet ook aan hom gerig word. Sy beskikbaarheid vir gereelde ontmoetings en onderhoude met die aanvang van hierdie studie was van onskatbare waarde. Sy toewyding tot die stryd om menswaardigheid en geregtigheid sal my lewenslank bybly. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za OPSOMMING Die fokus van hierdie studie val op die rol wat Dr. Allan Aubrey Boesak as lidmaat en predikant van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Sendingkerk (NGSK) binne dié kerk, asook binne die breër kader van die kerkstryd teen apartheid, gespeel het. Die fokus val veral op sy rol in die ontwikkeling van ‘n teologie van profetiese weerstand gedurende die tydperk 1976 tot 1990. Daarmeesaam wil ek ook die moontlike invloede op Boesak se teologie bespreek. Die argument is dat Allan Boesak, deur ‘n kreatiewe mengsel van bevrydingsteologie, swart teologie en Gereformeerde teologie, wat voortaan in hierdie studie as die teologie van profetiese weerstand bekend sal staan, nie net ‘n wending in die teologiese landskap in die laat 1970s en 1980s meegebring het nie, maar dat hy ook ‘n spesifieke raamwerk daargestel het om die ongeregtigheid en onmenslikheid van apartheid teologies aan te spreek. Met hierdie fokus in gedagte gee die navorser aandag aan ʼn aantal sleutel-episodes in die geskiedenis van die NG Kerk-familie, met spesifieke klem aan die ontwikkeling van segregasie langs die weg van ras in die Kaapkolonie (hoofstuk 2). Hoofstuk 3 bied ‘n kort oorsig oor Boesak se kinderjare en watter indruk apartheid op hom as kind gelaat het. Daar word verder gefokus op Boesak se opleiding as predikant en die ervaringe rondom die gebeure van die groepsgebiedewet by sy gemeente te Paarl. Verder word daar ook ingegaan op hoe Boesak ‘n oorsese studiebeurs bekom het en hoe die intellektuele invloede van o.a. Bonhoeffer, Calvyn en Kuyper hom gevorm het. Sy ontmoeting met Beyers Naudé en ‘n besoek aan die VSA, wat Boesak ingrypend verryk het, kom ook aan die orde. Hoofstuk 4 fokus op die periode vanaf Boesak se terugkeer uit die buiteland in 1976 tot en met die Wêreldbond van Gereformeerde Kerke (WBGK) se algemene vergadering te Ottawa in 1982. In hierdie hoofstuk word daar gekyk na Steve Biko en die opkoms van die swartbewussynsbeweging voor 1978, en dit invloed daarvan op Boesak. Verder word daar na die faktore gekyk wat daartoe bygedra het dat die Sendingkerk haar jarelange stilte aangaande apartheid in 1978 verbreek het, en die rol van die opkoms van ‘n teologie van profetiese weerstand (met Boesak aan die spits) in die verband. Hoofstuk 5 handel oor die periode van 1982 tot 1986, binne die raamwerk van die Sendingkerk se aanvaarding van die Belhar- belydenis, en Boesak se rol binne hierdie konteks en tyd. Hoofstuk 6 bied ‘n analise vanaf die noodtoestande in 1986 tot die val van apartheid en die begin van die oorgang na ‘n demokratiese bedeling in 1990. Boesak se internasionale werwing van sanksies, die spanning binne die kerk, en die polemiek rondom die NG Kerk se beleidsdokument Kerk en Samelwing Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za (1986), en sy betrokkenheid by eenheidsgesprekke, is van die sake wat in hierdie hoofstuk aan die orde kom. Hoofstuk 7 dien as die samevatting van hierdie studie, en dui ʼn aantal karaktertrekke van Boesak se teologie van profetiese weerstand aan. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT The focus of this study falls upon the role played by Dr Allan Aubrey Boesak as member and minister of the Dutch Reformed Mission Church (DRMC) both within this church and in the larger framework of the church’s struggle against Apartheid. The study focuses especially on his role in developing a theology of prophetic resistance during the period 1976 to 1990. Alongside this, I would also like to discuss possible influences on Boesak’s theology. The argument is that Allan Boesak, through a creative mix of Liberation theology, Black theology and Reformed theology, which will be called a “theology of prophetic resistance” in this study, not only brought about a change in the theological landscape of the late 1970s and 1980s, but also set up a specific framework to address the injustices and inhumanities of Apartheid through a theological approach. With this focus in mind, the researcher pays particular attention to a number of key episodes in the history of the Dutch Reformed Church family, with special emphasis on the development of segregation along the racial lines in the Cape Colony. Chapter 3 offers a short overview of Boesak’s childhood and the impression that Apartheid made on him as a child. Furthermore, the focus is on Boesak’s training as a minister and his experiences at the time of the Group Areas Act at his parish in Paarl. Moreover, this study explores how Boesak received an overseas study grant and how the intellectual influences of Bonhoeffer, Calvin and Kuyper shaped his ideas. His meeting with Beyers Naudé and a visit to the USA, by which Boesak was intensely enriched, will also be discussed. Chapter 4 concentrates on the period from Boesak’s return from abroad in 1976 to the General Meeting of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC) in Ottawa in 1982. In this chapter some light is shed on Steve Biko and the rise of the Black Consciousness Movement before 1978 and its influence on Boesak. Furthermore, some of the factors which contributed to the fact that the Dutch Reformed Mission Church broke its silence about Apartheid in 1978 will be discussed, as well as the role of the rise of a theology of prophetic resistance (with Boesak at the lead) in this regard. Chapter 5 deals with the period from 1982 to 1986, within the framework of the Mission Church’s acceptance of the Belhar Confession and Boesak’s role within this time and context. Chapter 6 offers an analysis of the period from the state of emergency in 1986 to the fall of Apartheid and the beginning of the transition to a democratic dispensation in 1990. Boesak’s international procurement of sanctions, the tensions within the church and the battle around Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za the Dutch Reformed Church’s policy document “The Church and Society” (1986) and his involvement in the discussions about unity are some of the topics covered.
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