Feasibility Study Final Report on FY2014 JCM Large-Scale Project for Achievement of a Low-Carbon Society in Asia
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Feasibility Study Final Report on FY2014 JCM Large-scale Project for Achievement of a Low-carbon society in Asia Feasibility Study on financing scheme development project for promoting energy efficiency equipment installation in Indonesia March, 6th, 2015 International Project Center Environment and Energy Research Division Table of Contents 1． Outline of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Purpose of the Project .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Subject of Project ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Study on an ESCO project in Indonesia ........................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Domestic progress briefing session ................................................................................. 3 1.2.3 Local workshops ........................................................................................................... 4 1.2.4 Presentations at a meeting designated by the Ministry of the Environment .......................... 4 1.3 Study system ................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Implementation period ................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Deliverables .................................................................................................................. 6 2． Collection and review of existing energy-saving diagnostic results ......................................... 7 2.1 Outline of APKENINDO activities .................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 APKENINDO system .................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 APKENINDO activities to date....................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Cooperation with overseas organizations ......................................................................... 8 2.2 Collected information on candidate properties .................................................................. 9 2.3 List of this properties under the Study ........................................................................... 20 2.3.1 Complex commercial facilities ...................................................................................... 20 2.3.2 Hotels ......................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.3 Industrial facilities (e.g. factories) ................................................................................. 20 2.3.4 Office buildings ........................................................................................................... 21 3． Energy-saving technologies and methodologies introduced ...................................................... 22 3.1 Complex commercial facilities ...................................................................................... 22 3.2 Hotels ......................................................................................................................... 33 3.3 Production facility (Factory) ......................................................................................... 37 3.4 Office Building ............................................................................................................ 40 3.4.1 Office Building A ........................................................................................................ 40 3.4.2 Office buildings B ....................................................................................................... 43 4． Development of JCM methodologies and estimation of GHG reduction potential ................. 49 4.1 JCM methodologies ..................................................................................................... 49 4.1.1 Concept ...................................................................................................................... 49 4.1.2 Calculation method for emission reduction and approaches to the calculation of reference emissions .................................................................................................................... 54 4.1.3 Introduction of solar power generation system into office buildings and commercial facilities 54 4.1.4 Introduction of an exhaust heat recovery system into office buildings and commercial facilities for cold water generation ................................................................................ 56 4.1.5 Replacement and introduction of a package air-conditioning system in office buildings ..... 59 4.1.6 Introduction of LED lighting into offices and parking lots ............................................... 61 4.2 PDD proposal .............................................................................................................. 63 4.3 GHG emission reduction .............................................................................................. 63 4.4 Estimating GHG reduction potential .............................................................................. 63 5． Policy recommendations on ESCO projects ............................................................................... 65 5.1 Issues related to the promotion of ESCO projects in Indonesia ........................................ 65 5.1.1 Long payback period.................................................................................................... 65 5.1.2 High market interest rates ............................................................................................. 65 5.1.3 Difficulty financing to companies targeted for investment ............................................... 65 5.2 Policy recommendations on establishment of an ESCO finance scheme ........................... 65 5.2.1 Electricity subsidies Indonesia ...................................................................................... 66 5.2.2 Finance incentives for energy-saving programs .............................................................. 66 5.2.3 Obstacles to development of ESCO projects in Indonesia ................................................ 67 5.3 Proposal of a finance scheme promoting energy-saving apparatuses ................................ 68 5.3.1 Use of the Japanese government’s existing assistance programs ....................................... 68 5.3.2 Finance scheme for promoting energy-saving projects in the private sector ....................... 70 6． Project execution plan .................................................................................................................. 71 6.1 Commercial complex ................................................................................................... 71 6.1.1 The installation of solar PV system ............................................................................... 71 6.1.2 Installing heating source technology .............................................................................. 76 6.2 Hotel ........................................................................................................................... 86 6.3 Industry(factory) .......................................................................................................... 88 6.3.1 Energy analysis ........................................................................................................... 88 6.3.2 Measures to mitigate CO2 emissions (energy conservation) ............................................ 90 6.4 Office building .......................................................................................................... 103 6.4.1 Office building A ....................................................................................................... 103 6.4.2 Office building B ....................................................................................................... 107 7． Workshop “Financing Options for Energy Efficiency Projects for Buildings and Industries in Indonesia”.................................................................................................................................... 117 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Work flow of the Study project ................................................................................ 3 Figure 1-2 Study system ............................................................................................................ 4 Figure 3-1 Share of apparatuses in the total amount of electricity used ..................................... 22 Figure 3-2 Monthly amount of electricity purchased, amount of electricity generated, and LNG consumption (2011-2013) ................................................................................................... 23 Figure 3-3 Monthly energy cost (2011-2013) ............................................................................. 24 Figure 3-4 Monthly power consumption by apparatus (2011-2013)........................................... 24 Figure 3-5 West Mall (metal-sheet roof) .................................................................................. 28 Figure 3-6 West Mall (top-light) .............................................................................................. 28 Figure 3-7 Skybridge (landscape)