DOCSLIB.ORG

Resettlement Plan (Draft)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Resettlement Plan (Draft) Resettlement Plan (Draft) July 2016 PRC: Ningxia Liupanshan Poverty Reduction Rural Road Development Project Prepared by the Transportation Department of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS CNY 1.00 = US$ 0.16243 US$ 1.00 = CNY 6.1565 ABBREVIATIONS AAOV – Average Annual Output Value ADB – Asian Development Bank AHs – Affected Households APs – Affected Persons AV – Administrative Village CRO – County Resettlement Office DI – Design Institute DMS – Detailed Measurement Survey FS – Feasibility Study HD – House Demolition LA – Land Acquisition LAB – Land and Resources Bureau LAR – Land Acquisition and Resettlement LEF – Land-Expropriated Farmer L&RO – Land & Resources Office MOU – Memorandum of Understanding M&E – Monitoring and Evaluation NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission NHAR TD – Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Transport Department PADO – Poverty Alleviation and Development Office PCG – Pengyang County Government PCPMO – Pengyang County Project Management Office PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal PRO – Project Resettlement Office RIB – Resettlement Information Booklet RP – Resettlement Plan SES – Socioeconomic Survey SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement of ADB TRO – Town/township Resettlement Office WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km – kilometer m² – square meter mu – 666.7 m² NOTES (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. (iii) In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. NINGXIA LIUPANSHAN POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL ROAD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINANCED BY THE ADB Resettlement Plan for Mengyuan Chunshucha–Chengyang Yangping Road Project of Pengyang County of Guyuan City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Draft based on preliminary design) July 2016 Prepared by Transportation Department of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 宁夏回族白治区交通运输厅 Endorsement Letter 22Ju1y2016 Mr. Masahiro Nishimura Transport Specialist Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue Mandaluyong City Metro Manila 1550 Philippines Subject: P48023-PRG Ningxia Liupanshan Poverty Reduction Rural Road . Development project Dear Mr. Masahiro Nishimura In accordance with le]9ya$ laws and legislations of the pRG government Policy statement (sPS) 2oog, Resetflement plans (Rps) and a consoli D;yglonment Plan (EMDP rring att irrqelt components. (GAP) covering all project These reports are prepa pregared for the proposed projbct roads by institutes as well as site reconnaissance by consultant team. This is to formally advise you that there is no objection to the Rps, EMDp and GAp documents being posted on the ADB website according to ADB disclosure procedures. We further confirm that we will implement all required actions as set out in the RP, EMDP and GAp during project implementation and accept ADB's supervision and inspection of the action plan implemihtaiion and disclosure of monitoring reports dudng implementation. Yours sincerely, Deputy Director, Planning Division Ningxia Department of Transport GLOSSARY Affected person (or – Those who are physically displaced (relocation, loss of household) residential land, or loss of shelter) and/or economically displaced (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas Compensation – Cash or other forms of compensations in kind to which the people affected are entitled in order to replace the lost asset, resource or income Entitlement – Range of measures comprising compensation, income restoration, transfer assistance, income substitution, and relocation which are due to affected people, depending on the nature of their losses, to restore their economic and social base Income restoration – Reestablishing income sources and livelihoods of people affected Resettlement – Rebuilding housing, assets, including productive land, and public infrastructure in another location Resettlement Impact – Loss of physical and non-physical assets, including homes, communities, productive land, income-earning assets and sources, subsistence, resources, cultural sites, social structures, networks and ties, cultural identity, and mutual help mechanisms Resettlement Plan – A time-bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement strategy, objectives, entitlement, actions, responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation Significantly affected – Persons who lose 10% or more of their farmland or income, or households persons who are affected by entire house demolition and need to be relocated. Vulnerable Group – Distinct groups of people who might suffer disproportionately from resettlement effects, as specified in this plan CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... I 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT PREPARATION .................................................................................................. 3 1.3 SUBPROJECT IN PENGYANG COUNTY .................................................................................................... 4 1.4 MEASURES EMPLOYED TO AVOID OR FURTHEST REDUCE LAND ACQUISITION AND DEMOLITION ............... 5 2 PROJECT IMPACT ................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 SURVEY METHOD AND PROCESS ........................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Project Survey at the Early Stage .................................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Data source and survey method .................................................................................................... 6 2.2 PROJECT IMPACT SCOPE AND OVERVIEW .............................................................................................. 7 2.3 IMPACT OF PERMANENT COLLECTIVE LAND ACQUISITION ........................................................................ 7 2.4 TEMPORARY LAND OCCUPATION ......................................................................................................... 10 2.5 ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSE DEMOLITION .................................................................. 10 2.6 IMPACT OF DEMOLISHED BUILDINGS OF ENTERPRISES AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS .................................. 11 2.7 AFFECTED INFRASTRUCTURE AND GROUND ANCILLARY FACILITIES ....................................................... 11 2.8 AFFECTED POPULATION ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.8.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.8.2 2.8.2 Affected vulnerable groups ................................................................................................. 12 2.8.3 Project impact on women ............................................................................................................. 13 2.8.4 Affected minority population ......................................................................................................... 13 3 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROFILE ..................................................................................................... 14 3.1 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF PROJECT AREA ..................................................................................... 14 3.1.1 Socioeconomic profile of Guyuan City ......................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 Socioeconomic profile of Pengyang County ................................................................................ 14 3.1.3 Socioeconomic profile of affected towns ...................................................................................... 15 3.1.4 Introduction to Socioeconomic status of affected villages ........................................................... 16 3.2 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF AFFECTED VILLAGES ............................................................................. 16 3.2.1 Sample survey .............................................................................................................................. 16 3.2.2 Nationality and gender ................................................................................................................. 17 3.2.3 Age structure ................................................................................................................................ 17 3.2.4 Education background ................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spatial Heterogeneous of Ecological Vulnerability in Arid and Semi-Arid Area: a Case of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
    sustainability Article Spatial Heterogeneous of Ecological Vulnerability in Arid and Semi-Arid Area: A Case of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China Rong Li 1, Rui Han 1, Qianru Yu 1, Shuang Qi 2 and Luo Guo 1,* 1 College of the Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (R.H.); [email protected] (Q.Y.) 2 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117570, Singapore; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 April 2020; Accepted: 26 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Ecological vulnerability, as an important evaluation method reflecting regional ecological status and the degree of stability, is the key content in global change and sustainable development. Most studies mainly focus on changes of ecological vulnerability concerning the temporal trend, but rarely take arid and semi-arid areas into consideration to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the ecological vulnerability index (EVI) there. In this study, we selected the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on the Loess Plateau of China, a typical arid and semi-arid area, as a case to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of the EVI every five years, from 1990 to 2015. Based on remote sensing data, meteorological data, and economic statistical data, this study first evaluated the temporal-spatial change of ecological vulnerability in the study area by Geo-information Tupu. Further, we explored the spatial heterogeneity of the ecological vulnerability using Getis-Ord Gi*. Results show that: (1) the regions with high ecological vulnerability are mainly concentrated in the north of the study area, which has high levels of economic growth, while the regions with low ecological vulnerability are mainly distributed in the relatively poor regions in the south of the study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Resettlement Plan
    Draft Resettlement Plan July 2016 PRC: Ningxia Liupanshan Poverty Reduction Rural Road Development Project Prepared by the Transportation Department of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS CNY1.00 = US$0.16243 US$1.00 CNY= CNY6.1565 ABBREVIATIONS AAOV – Average Annual Output Value ADB – Asian Development Bank AHs – affected households APs – affected persons AV – administrative village CRO – County Resettlement Office DI – Design Institute DMS – Detailed Measurement Survey FS – feasibility study HD – house demolition LA – l and acquisition LAB – Land and Resources Bureau LAR – Land Acquisition and Resettlement LCG – Longde County Government LCPMO – Longde County Project Management Office LEF – l and-expropriated farmer L&RO – Land and Resources Office MOU – Memorandum of Understanding M&E – monitoring and evaluation NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission NHAR TD – Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Provincial Transport Department PADO – Poverty Alleviation and Development Office PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal PRO – project resettlement office RIB – Resettlement information booklet RP – resettlement plan SES – socioeconomic survey SPS – Safeguards Policy Statement of ADB TRO – Township Resettlement Office WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km – kilometer m² – square meter mu – 666.7 m² This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Resettlement Plan
    Resettlement Plan April 2020 PRC: Ningxia Liupanshan Poverty Reduction Rural Road Development Project (Xiji) Prepared by the Ningxia Department of Transport of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Government for the People’s Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in July 2016 available on https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/prc-ningxia-liupanshan-rural-roads-xiji-rp. This Resettlement Plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Updated Resettlement Plan April 2020 Jiangtai–Xitan–Pingfeng Road Project of Xiji County of Guyuan City in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PRC Prepared by Transportation Department of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region CURRENCY EXCHANGE (According to the exchange rate on May 1, 2016) Monetary Unit: CNY CNY1.00 = US$0.1433 US$1.00 = CNY6.9787 ABBREVIATIONS AAOV – Average Annual Output Value ADB – Asian Development Bank APs – Affected Persons AV – Administrative Village CRO – County Resettlement Office DMS – Detailed Measurement Survey DI – Design Institute EA – Executing Agency FS – Feasibility Study IA – Implementation
    [Show full text]
  • Resettlement Plan (Draft)
    Resettlement Plan (Draft) July 2016 PRC: Ningxia Liupanshan Poverty Reduction Rural Road Development Project Prepared by the Transportation Department of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS CNY1.00 = US$0.16243 US$1.00 CNY= CNY6.1565 ABBREVIATIONS AAOV – Average Annual Output Value ADB – Asian Development Bank AHs – affected households APs – affected persons AV – administrative village CRO – County Resettlement Office DI – Design Institute DMS – Detailed Measurement Survey FS – feasibility study HD – house demolition LA – land acquisition LAB – Land and Resources Bureau LAR – Land Acquisition and Resettlement LCG – Longde County Government LCPMO – Longde County Project Management Office LEF – land-expropriated farmer L&RO – Land and Resources Office MOU – Memorandum of Understanding M&E – monitoring and evaluation NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission NHAR TD – Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Provincial Transport Department PADO – Poverty Alleviation and Development Office PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal PRO – project resettlement office RIB – Resettlement information booklet RP – resettlement plan SES – socioeconomic survey SPS – Safeguards Policy Statement of ADB TRO – Township Resettlement Office WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km – kilometer m² – square meter mu – 666.7 m² This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater Quality in Jingyuan County, a Semi-Humid Area in Northwest China
    ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net 2011, 8(2), 787-793 Groundwater Quality in Jingyuan County, a Semi-Humid Area in Northwest China WU JIANHUA, LI PEIYUE and QIAN HUI School of Environmental Science and Engineering Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, China [email protected] Received 19 August 2010; Accepted 8 November 2010 Abstract : Groundwater quality assessment is an essential study which plays an important role in the rational development and utilization of groundwater in any part of the world. In the study, groundwater qualities in Jingyuan County, in Ningxia, China were assessed with entropy weighted water quality index method. In the assessment, 12 hydrochemical parameters including chloride, sulphate, sodium, iron, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness (TH), nitrate, ammonia, nitrogen, fluoride, iodine and nitrite were selected. The assessment results show that the concentrations of iodine, TH, iron and TDS are the most influencing parameters affecting the groundwater quality. The assessment results are rational and are in consistency with the results of filed investigation of which both indicates the groundwater in Jingyuan County is fit for drinking. Keywords : Water quality index, Groundwater quality assessment, Entropy weight, Jingyuan County Introduction Due to the non-availability of surface water, groundwater has become a major source for drinking purpose in many parts of the world. Jingyuan County, situated in the inland of China, mainly sources from groundwater and groundwater quality affects people’s health significantly. During the last few decades, the demand for groundwater has been increasing because of the rapid development of urbanization and rapid growth of population.
    [Show full text]
  • Ningxia Case Study
    Contents Chapter1 - General Situation of Ecological Environment and Economic Development in Ningxia 1.1 General Features of Ecological System ··············································· 6 1.2 General Features of Poverty ···························································· 13 1.3 Relation between Poverty and Ecological Environment ···························· 13 Chapter2 - Challenges of Poverty Reduction through Ecological Construction (PREC) in Ningxia 2.1 Frequent Droughts and Water Resource Deficiency ································· 18 2.2 Insufficient Integration of Environmental Factors and Low Function of Eco-system Service ······································································ 19 2.3 Increasing Conflicts between Eco-system Bearing Capacity and Economic-social Development ············································································ 20 2.4 Difficulties in Poverty Reduction through Ecological Construction ············· 21 Chapter3 - Important Measures Poverty Reduction through Ecological Construction and the Achievements in Ningxia 3.1 Optimizing Water Resource Arrangements and Upgrading Water Efficiency ···· 21 3.2 Optimizing the Arrangement of Man-power and Natural Resources ············ 22 3.3 Powerfully Pushing forward the Rehabilitation and Construction of the Beneficial Cycling System of Ecological Environment ········································ 26 3.4 Upgrading the Comprehensive Capacity of Agricultural Production ············ 29 3.5 Improving the Management of Resource ············································
    [Show full text]
  • The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized
    Documentof The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 16390-CHA STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized CHINA QINBA MOUNTAINS POVERTY REDUCTION PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized May 15, 1997 Public Disclosure Authorized Rural and Social Development Operations Division China and Mongolia Department East Asia and Pacific Regional Office CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of March 1997) Currency Unit = Yuan (Y) $1.00 = Y 8.30 Y 1.00 = $0.12 FISCAL YEAR January I - December 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES I meter (m) = 3.28 feet I kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles I hectare (ha) = 15 mu I ton (t) = 1,000kg = 2,205 pounds ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8-7 Plan - National Seven-Year Plan for LGPR - Leading Group for Poverty Reduction Poverty Reduction (1994-2000) MCH - Maternal and Child Health AATP - Applied Agricultural Technology MOA - Ministry of Agriculture Program MOF - Ministry of Finance ABC - Agricultural Bank of China MOL - Ministry of Labor ACWF - All-China Women's Federation NCB - National Competitive Bidding ADBC - Agricultural Development Bank of NER - Net Enrollment Ratio China OGR - On-time Graduation Ratio CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences PADO - Provincial Poor Area Development CWHRDC - China Western Human Resources Office Development Center PLG - Project Leading Group EPB - Environmental Protection Bureau PMO - Project Management Office ERR - Economic Rate of Return QEP - Qinba Education Program FCPMC - Foreign Capital Project Management QHP - Qinba Health Program Center RAP - Resettlement Action Plan FRR - Financial Rate
    [Show full text]
  • Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Resettlement Plan (Draft)
    Resettlement Plan (Draft) July 2016 PRC: Ningxia Liupanshan Poverty Reduction Rural Road Development Project Prepared by the Transportation Department of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS CNY1.00 = US$0.16243 US$1.00 = CNY6.1565 ABBREVIATIONS AAOV – Average Annual Output Value ADB – Asian Development Bank AHs – Affected Households APs – Affected Persons AV – Administrative Village CRO – County Resettlement Office DI – Design Institute DMS – Detailed Measurement Survey FS – Feasibility Study HD – House Demolition JCG – Jingyuan County Government JCPMO – Jingyuan County Project Management Office LA – Land Acquisition LAB – Land and Resources Bureau LAR – Land Acquisition and Resettlement LEF – Land-Expropriated Farmer L&RO – Land & Resources Office MOU – Memorandum of Understanding M&E – Monitoring and Evaluation NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission NHAR TD – Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Transport Department PADO – Poverty Alleviation and Development office PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal PRO – Project Resettlement Office RIB – Resettlement Information Booklet RP – Resettlement Plan SES – Socioeconomic Survey SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement of ADB TRO – Town/township Resettlement Office WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km – kilometer m² – square meter mu – 666.7 m² NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Arsenic, Fluoride and Iodine in Groundwater of China
    GEXPLO-05242; No of Pages 21 Journal of Geochemical Exploration xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Geochemical Exploration journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jgeoexp Arsenic, fluoride and iodine in groundwater of China☆ Dongguang Wen a, Fucun Zhang b,EryongZhanga,c, Cheng Wang b, Shuangbao Han b, Yan Zheng c,d,e,⁎ a China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China b Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geological Survey, Baoding 071051, Hebei, China c Peking University Water Center, Beijing 100871, China d Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA e Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades 10964, USA article info abstract Article history: Arsenicosis and fluorosis, two endemic diseases known to result from exposure to their elevated concentrations Received 28 May 2013 in groundwater of north China used by many rural households for drinking, have been major public health con- Accepted 19 October 2013 cerns for several decades. Over the last decade, a large number of investigations have been carried out to delin- Available online xxxx eate the spatial distribution and to characterize the chemical compositions of high As and F groundwaters with a focus on several inland basins in north China. Findings from these studies, including improved understanding of Keywords: the hydrogeological and geochemical factors resulting in their enrichments, have been applied to guide develop- Arsenic Fluorine ment of clean and safe groundwater in these endemic disease areas. Survey efforts have led to the recognition of Iodine iodine in groundwater as an emerging public health concern. This paper reviews the new understandings gained Groundwater through these studies, including those published in this special issue, and points out the direction for future re- China search that will shed light on safe guarding a long-term supply of low As and F groundwater in these water scarce Inland basins semi-arid and arid inland basins of north China.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution of Endemic Fluorosis Caused by Drinking Water in a High-Fluorine Area in Ningxia, China
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08451-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Spatial distribution of endemic fluorosis caused by drinking water in a high-fluorine area in Ningxia, China Mingji Li1 & Xiangning Qu2 & Hong Miao1 & Shengjin Wen1 & Zhaoyang Hua1 & Zhenghu Ma2 & Zhirun He2 Received: 29 November 2019 /Accepted: 16 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Endemic fluorosis is widespread in China, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China, where endemic fluorosis caused by consumption of drinking water high in fluorine content is very common. We analyzed data on endemic fluorosis collected in Ningxia, a typical high-fluorine area in the north of China. Fluorosis cases were identified in 539 villages in 1981, in 4449 villages in 2010, and in 3269 villages in 2017. These were located in 19 administrative counties. In 2017, a total of 1.07 million individuals suffered from fluorosis in Ningxia, with more children suffering from dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. Among Qingshuihe River basin disease areas, the high incidence of endemic fluorosis is in Yuanzhou District and Xiji County of Guyuan City. The paper holds that the genesis of the high incidence of endemic fluorosis in Qingshui River basin is mainly caused by chemical weathering, evaporation and concentration, and dissolution of fluorine-containing rocks around the basin, which is also closely related to the semi-arid geographical region background, basin structure, groundwater chemical character- istics, and climatic conditions of the basin. The process of mutual recharge and transformation between Qingshui River and shallow groundwater in the basin is intense.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Forage Plants In
    Ma et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2019) 15:65 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-019-0333-0 RESEARCH Open Access Changes in traditional ecological knowledge of forage plants in immigrant villages of Ningxia, China Ying Ma1, Binsheng Luo1, Qiang Zhu2, Dongxing Ma3, Qi Wen4, Jinchao Feng1 and Dayuan Xue1* Abstract Background: Ecological migration serves as an important measure for poverty eradication as well as for the protection, inheritance, and utilization of traditional ecological knowledge. This study investigated and cataloged the traditional forage plant resources and recorded the associated traditional knowledge of immigrant villages in Hongsibu District of Ningxia, China. The diversity of traditional forage plant resources and the changes in associated traditional ecological knowledge were compared among ecological immigrant villages from different emigration areas, with a hope of providing a reference for forage development, the conservation of wild forage plant resources, and the development of regional animal husbandry. Methods: From March 2018 to May 2019, a field investigation was conducted in six villages in Ningxia. Through the snowball technique, a total of 315 immigrants were interviewed using various methods, including semistructured interviews and key person interviews, which included opportunities for free listing. The changes in the utilization of traditional forage plants were compared between the ecological migrants and the original inhabitants, and the causes underlying the changes were analyzed. In addition, the major forage plant species in the research area were investigated and evaluated. Results: (1) The six investigated villages reported 224 traditional forage plant species that belong to 42 families and 150 genera. Compared with their original living areas, the number of traditional forage plant species used in the immigrant villages decreased with the increase in the relocation distance.
    [Show full text]