Notes on Japanese Ferns II. by T. Nakai

Home , Azolla rubra, Botrychium boreale, Botrychium lunaria, Ophioderma (plant)

Notes on Japanese Ferns II.

By T. Nakai

(I.) PolypodiaceaeR. BROWN, Prodr. F1. Nov. Holland. p. I45 (i8io), pro parte. Plzysematiurn KAULFVSS in Flora (1829) p. 34I. The species of this genus have not articulation at the stipes of fronds. The indusium is complete sac, bursting irregularly in its maturity. DIEi.S took this for Woodsia on account of the lack of articulation at the stipes of Woodsia polystichoides. The ordinary Woodsiahas horizontal articulation in the middle of the stipes of the frond. But in Woodsiapolystichoides articulation comes at the upper end of the stipes. It is oblique and along the segmental line many lanceolate paleae arrange in a peculiar mode. DIETShas overlooked this fact, and perhaps CHRISTENSENhad the same view. By this peculiar mode of articulation Woodsiapolystichoides evidently represents a distinct section Acrolysis NAKAI,sect. nov. However, the indusium of Woodsiapolystichoides is Woodsia-type; incomplete mem- brane covering the lower part of sorus and ending with hairs. This mode of indusium is fundamentally different from I'hysennatium,and I take Woodsia distinct from Plzysematzum. Among the numbers of species of Japanese Woodsia only one belongs to Pliysenzatium. P/zysernatiulnmanclzuricnse NAKAI, comb. nov. Woodsiamanclzuriensis W. J. HOOKER,2nd Cent. t. 98 (i86i). Diacalpe manclzuriensisTREVISAN Nuo. Giorn. Bot. Ital. VII. p. I6o (I875). Hab. Japonia, Corea, Manchuria et China bor. Vittaria formosana NAKAI,sp. nov. (Eu-Vittaria). Vittaria elongata (non SWARTZ)HARRINGTON in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVI. p. 3 3 (1878); pro parte, quoad plantam ex Formosa. BAKER July,1925 NAKAI-NOTESON JAPANESE FERNS II 177

in BRITTEN,Journ. Bot. XXIII. p. I o6 (I885)-HENlv in Trans. Asiat. Soc. Jap. suppl. XII. p. I I6 (i 898)-MAKINGin Tokyo Bot. Mag. X. p. ii. (1896), cum descript. Jap. ; excl. syn.-MATSUMURA, Ind. P1. Jap. I. p. 350 (19o4)-MATsuMuRA& HAYATAin Journ. Coll. Scienc. Tokyo XXII. p. 625 (1906), excl. syn.-CHRISTin Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 3 ser. XIX. p. 1o (19 IO)-NAKAI in Tokyo Bot. Ma. XXVIII. p. 92 (1914); Veg. Isl. Quelpaert. p. io n. 100 (1914). HAYATA,Icon. P1. Formos. VI. p. I6I (1917). Differt a Vittaria elonbata quae crescit in India, Ceylon, Indo- China et in Java, et quacum adhuc confusa, foliis crassioribus costis non elevatis, venis lateralibus inconspicuis quae costis subparallelo decurrentibus. Rhizoma circ. 3 mm. crassum, squamis nigris basi subcordato- peltatis subito in acuminem linearem acuminatis reticulates margine serrulatis 8-9 mm. longis dense obtectum. Frondes 2-5 mm. distantes cum stipite 1.5-2.0 mm. lato ante sulcato in laminam sensim transite usque 90 cm. longae 5-9 mm. latae apice attenuatae supra sublucidae infra opacae. Hab. in Formosa et in Liukiu. Good lot of species was reduced to Vittaria elongata by J. G. BAKER(HOOKER & BAKER,Synopsis Flllcuum), but from what I have observed the type-specimens, the classification of C. CHRISTENSENis more precise and comprehensive in this part of Ferns.

(II.) GleiclzeniaceaeBLUME, Enum. P~. Jay. II. p. 248 (1830)- LINDLEY,Nat. Syst. p. 401 (i 836), excl. Parkeriae et Hynenophylleae.- STURMIn MARTIUS,Fl. Brasil. I. pt. 2. p. 217-218 (1859)-DIETs in Nat. Pflanzenfam. I. 4. p. 350 (1899). GleicheneaeR. BROWN,Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. p. I6o (i8io).- KAULFUSS,Enum. Filic. p. 36 (1824). Sclzismato~teridesWILLDENOW, Sp. P1. V. p. 69 (i8 I0), pro parte. Filices sect. Gleicheneae LINDLEY,Introd. ed. I. p 315 (1830).

1ifertensia `VILLDENOW,Vetens. Akad. Nya Handl. XXV. p. 163 (I 8o4).-SwARTz,Syn. Filic. p. 163 (I 8o6).-ScHKUHR,Krypt. Gewach. p. 149 (1809) -WILLDENOw,Sp. P1. V. p. 71 (18 I O).-KAULFUSs,Enum. Filic. p. 37 (1824).-STURMin MARTIUS,Fl. Brasil. I. pt. 2. p. 219 (1859). 178 THE EOTANICAL MAGAZINE [Vol . XXXIX. N. 463

Dicranopters BERNHARDIin SCHRADER,Neue Journ. I. Pt. 2. p. 26 et 38 (18o6). Gleiclzenia (non SMITH)BLUME, Enum. P1. Jay. II. P. 248 (1830).- ENDLICHER,Gen. P1. p. 64. n. 659 (1836) pro parte. Gleichenia subgn. Mel•tensia W. J. HOOKER, Syn. Filic. P. 4 (1846).-DIEL.sin Nat. Pflanzenfam. I. 4. p. 353 (1900). McsosorusHASSKARL, Observ. Bot. Filic. Bogor. I. P. 2 (1856). As SCHKUHRhas well figured in the early date, the sporangia of Gleiclzeniahave complete rings and are attached to the axile process of laminae like a central placenta. Two to five sporangia make one mass and are enclosed by the cupule-like enclosure of laminae. The species of Gleic/uvia grows in .South-Africa and the ramifiLation of the frond resembles to Mertensia. There are three species of illei'tcnsia in Japan. (1) illertensia glauca SWARTZin Vetensh. Acad. Nya Handl. XXV. p. i77 (1804); Syn. Filic. p. 164 (1806)-WILLDENOw,Sp. P1. V. p. 75 (I8 Io)-KUNzE in Bot. Zeit. VI. p. 492 (1848)• Polvpodiumg laucum THUNBERG,Fl. Jap p. 338 (1784). Gleiclzeniajaponica SPRENGEL,syst. veg. IV. p. 2 5 (I 827). Gleiclzeniaglauca (non SWARTZ)W. J. HOOKER,Sp. Filic. I. p. 4 (i8.6), excl. tab. !-MIQUEL,Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 345 (1867) -FRANCHET & SAVATIER,Enum. P1. Jap. II. p. 203 (I876)-CHRISTin WARBURG, Mons. I. p. 92 (I900)-DIEL.s in Nat. Pullanzenfam.I. 4• P• 353 (1900), pro parte.-MATSUMURA,Ind. I. p. 306 (19o4).-NAKAI,Veg. Isl. Quelp. p. II. n. 117 (1914); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVIII p. 98 (1914). ATesosoritsglaucus HASSKARL,Obs. Bot. Filic. Bogor. I. p. 15 (1856). Hab. Japonia, Quelpaert, Corea (insl. Hokitsuto, Wangto) Formosa et China. All others as lllcvtensia longissima (G. longissima), Meztensia exclsa (G. exclsa), Mertensia g igantea (G. gigantea), Mertcnsia j)innata, Mertenszag labra, Gleiclzeniabullata, Gleichenia arachnoides etc. belong to distinct species. (2) Mertensia diclzotoma WILLDENO\Vin Vetensk. Akad. Nya Handl. XXV. p. 167 (18o4)-SwARTz,Syn. Filic. P. 163 (i8o6) pro parte-ScHKUHR,Krypt. Gewach. p. 150 t. 148 (I 809)-WILLDENOW, Sp. P1. V. p. 7' (18 I o)-KUNzEin Bot. Zeit. VI. p. 492 (1848). July,1j NAKAI-NOTESON JAPANESE FERNS II 179

Poly~odiuzndiclzotomum (non Llouttuyn) THUNBERG,Fl. Jap. p. 338 (1784). Dicrano~tcrZsdZclwtoma BERNHARDI in SCHRADER,Neue Journ. I. 2. p. 38 et 49 t. 3. fig. 13 (i 8o6), pro parte. Gleicllenia dicliotona w. J. HOOKER, Sp. Filic. I. p. I2 (1846) pro parte ; et in Kew Journ. Bot. IX. p. 333 (1857)-M1QuELin Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. III. p. 18I (1867); Prol. F1. Jap. p. 345 (1867); Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. p. 128 (187o)-FRANcHET& SAVATIER, Enum. P1. Jap. II. p. 203 (1876)-HARRINGT0Nin Journ. Linn. Soc. XVI p. 25 (1878)-LuERsSENin Bot. Jahrb. IV. p. 365 (1883)-BAKER In BRITTEN,Journ. Bot. XXIII. p. 102 (I885). Mesosorus diclietovms HASSKARL,Obs. Bot. Filic. Bog. I. p. 9 (I856). Gleicleeniajectinata SOLOMON,Nomene 1. p. 178 (i885), quoad pl. Jap. ; excl. syn. Gleicleenia linearis (non C. B. CLARKE)DIELS in Nat. Pflanzenfam. I• 4. p. 355 (1900), pro parte-CHRISTin Bull. Soc. Geogr. Bot. 3 ser. XI. p. 269 (19o2)-MATsuMuRA,Ind. P1. Jap. I. p. 307 (1904), excl. syn. major. part.-MATSUMURA& HAYATAin Journ. Coll. Sci. XXII. p. 562 (1906), excl. syn.-NAKAI,Veg. Isl. Quelp. p. ii, no. I 18 (1914); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVIII. p. 98 (1914). Hab. Japonia, Quelpaert, Corea (inst. Hokitsuto), Formosa, Philippin, Hainan, China (Hongkong, Hupeh, Kanton, .Kiang-si, Kouy-Tschon, Yunnan), Tonkin, Indo-Chine, Cambodge. Gleicleenialinearis C. B. CLARKEin Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 ser. Bot. I. p. 428 (i88o)-Polyjodiurn lincarc BURMANN,Fl. Ind. p. 235 t. 67. fig. 2. (1768); not Mertensia linearis FRITSCHin Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2nd ser. I. p. 1092 (1901); excl. syn. This plant is differentfrom 11lertensia dicleotoma. The stomata are large and arranged parallel with the side veinlets of pinnules as such they make netted arenae over the lower surface. The pinnae are not so glaucous in the lower surface as Mertensia dicleotorna.In the latter species the lower surface of pinnae is perfectly glaucous and minute stomata are a little elevated by the accumulated waxy subtance, so that they look like white granules under the low-powered lens. Among the innumerable collections of Glecleenialinearis in the Paris Museum there is a specimen collected by Abbe POURRETin Java, which agrees perfectly with BURMANN'Sfigure. This specimen is one of the oldest 180 THE BOTANICALMAGAZINE [V ol. XXXIX. No. 463 collection of this species in that Museum, and known as it came from small LINNi This type grows in Java, Borneo, Philippin, Isl. Tahiti and Isl. Fiji. Gleichenia lamgcra D. DON, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. p. 17 (1825) is similar in from with GleichenialineaYis, but the pinnules are lanate with dirty brownish-gray hairs below, and the veinlets are more con- gested. Grows in Nepal and China. Mertensia crassifolia PRESL in Abh. Bohm. Gesells. V. 5. p. 339. t. VI, fig. 6 (1846) is a Luzonian plant with pinnae rigid and shin- ing, the lower surface of which is minutely foveolated, the margine of pinnules is often strongly revolved. Mertensia pteridifolia PRESL1. c. p. 339. t. VI. fig. 7. (I 848).- GlcielzeniaHermawii var. venosa & tenera BLUME,Enum. P1. Jay. II. p. 249 (1830) is near to Mertensia lineaYis,but the pinnae are very large ; the ultimate dissections reach to 8 cm. long (5 cm in the poorest specimens of hardly a foot high). Grows in Philippin, Hong- kong, Java, Malay and East-Indies. Variety venosa BLUMEis an individual with less glaucous pinnules. iW'rtensia spissa FEE, Crypt. Vasc. Brasil. I. p. 202. t. 72. f. 2 (1869)-Gieic/zenia Klotscleii HOOKER,Sp. Filie. I. p. 13. t. V. B. (I 846), non McrtensZa Klotschii BRACKENBRIDGEis different entirely from both Gleichenia lineaYisand Mertensia dichoto7naby having very coriaceous revolute pinnae with elevated mesophyll, depressed narrow veinlets and ferrugineous tomentose rachis and costae. Grows in Brazil. Mertcnsia spissa var. pubigera NAKAI, comb. nov. Gleiclenia Hermanni var. pz higera BLUME,Enum . P1. Jay. II. p. 249 (1830) is nearest to Mcrtcnsia spissa, but the accessory pinnae are well deve- loped, and the hairs are darker. Grows in Sumatra. Jllcrtensia rufzncrVis MARTIUS, Icon. Crypt. Vas. Bras. p. III (I834)-G/cic/ienia YzfinervisHOOKER, Sp. Filic. I. p. I I (1844) belongs to different section. The branches of fronds have decurrent pinnules. lllcrtcnsia Hermanni POIRET,Encycl. Suppl. III. p. 670 (1813)- Dicranopleris die/iotoma BERNHARDIin SCHRADER,Neue Journ. I. 2. p. 38 et 49 (1806) pro parte-Mertensia diclzotomaSWARTZ, Sp. Filic. p. 163 (1806), pro parte-Gleichenia Hermanni R. BROWN,Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. p. I 6 I (i8io) is an Australian plant closely allied to Mertensia lineaYis, but is distinguished by the perfectly glabrous July,1925] NAKAI-NOTS ON JAPANESEFERNS II 181 fronds. I saw also a young specimen whose fronds are still folded and which was collected at Sydney. In this state the fronds are quite glabrous. Mertensia elnaYginataBRACKENBRIDGE, Unit. Stat. Explor. Exped. XVI. p. 297, t. 42 (1854), non Mertensia elnaYginata RADDI,P1. Brasil. I. p. 73. t. 7. (1825).-Gleicllenia elnaYginata T. MOORE,Ind. Fllic. p. 377 (1862)-Gleicllenia lineaYis var. elnaYginata CHRISTENSEN, Ind. Filie. p. 321 (1905) is most closely allied to GleicllenialineaYis, but the nature of hairs is different. In Gleicllenia lineaYis the hairs on the rachis are slender and tender, branching and deciduous. In this species the hairs are more rigid, curved but not crisped, and unbranched. The lower-most cells are usually subpersistent, so in some states the pinnules seem to be covered by a simple short hairs on the veins. The name should be better changed to Mertensia hawaiensis. Grows in Hawaii. 1liertensia discolor SCHRADER in Gottingen gelehrt. Anzeig. (1824) p. 863-MARTIUS,Icon. P1. Crypt. Brasil. p. I 1 I (1834), excl. syn. M diclzotolnaSIEBER.-Gleiclzenia diclzotoma HOOKER,Sp. Filic. I. p. 12 (1846), pro parte differs from GleiclzenialineaYis by the coriaceous frond only. I failid to find any other remarkable characteristics to distinguish this from that. The shape of stomata, the crisped branched hairs, the flat surface of rachis, the whiteness of the lower surface of pinnules, all these are alike in both plants. Grows in Brazil. As an African Mertensia which differs specifically from Gleiclzenialincaris has been named as llfertensia lineaYis by FRITSH,the name Gleiclzenia lineaYisis better to be changed as Mertensia discolorvar. linearis m. Mertensia obtusata DESVAUxin Berl. Mag. V. p. 307 (I 8 ii) is Mertensia laevigata WILLDENOWwhich belongs to the different section having decurrent branches. lifertensia ferruginca DESVAUx1.e., not Gleiclzeniaferruginea BLUMEalso belong to the different section. Mertensia j'm nila MARTIUS,Icon. Crypt. Vasc. Brasll. p. iii. t. 6o fig. 2 (1834) is a Brazilian plant with peculiarly deflexed pinnae. It is conspecific with Mertcnsiafiexuosa SCHRADERin GOtting. gelehrt. Anzeig. (1824) p. 863. SOLOMONhas recorded Gleiclleniapectinata (Mertensia pectinata WILLDENOW)from Japan, but that is a South-American plant with no 182 TEE, BOTANICAL MAGAZINE [Vol XXXIX . No. 463 accessory pinnules. The Japanese plant of SOLOMONbelongs to MertcnSiadichotorna WILLDENO\V. (3) Mertensia laevissima NAKAI,comb. nov. Gleiclaenialaevissilna CHRISTin Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 3 ser. XI. p. 268 (Filices Bodinierianae) (1902). Gleicleeniakiusiana MAKINGin Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVIII. p. 139 (1904). Hab. Kiusiu et China. A very remarkable plant with concolor fronds which has speculiar glands on the lower surface.

(III). Scliizacace(c MARTIUS, Icon. Pl. Crypt. Brasil, p. 112 (1834). Filices spurie Gyratac s. Rimatae SWARTZ.Syn. p. 6 (I 8o6), pro parte. Osmundacea' R. BROWN,Prodr. Fl. Nov. Halland. p. 16 I (181o), pro parte. Filices Trib. 1. Osrnundaceae DUMORTIER,Analys. Fam. P1. p. 67 (1829). Filices sect. III. OsmundaccacLINDLEY, Introd. p. 315 (1830), pro parte. Oslnundaccae § 2. AncZmZeaeHOOKER apud LINDLEY,Nat. Syst. p. 402 (1836). Aneimiaceae LINK,Fllic. Sp. Hort. Bot. Berol. p. 23 (1841). Filices subordo I. PolypodiaceaeTrib. XII Sclzizaeaccae MEISSNER, P1. Vasc. Gen. I. p. 435 (1836), II. p. 336 (1842).

Lygodium microstachyum DESVAUXin Mag. Nat. Ben. V. p. 308 (I8 I I) ; in Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI. p. 205 (1827). Lgodiurn pubescens KAULEUSS,Enum. Filic. p. 47 ( 1824). Lvgodiuln dissectum DESVAUXin Mag. Nat. Berl. V. p. 308 (i8i I ), pro parte ; in Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI. p. 205 (1827), pro parte. Lygodiurn cleaeroplzylloidcsDESVAUX in Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI. p. 205 (1807). Hab. India orient. (Herb. DESVAUx),sane dubia ! Philippin : Forsan Manila (COMMERSONno. I o6 -type of L, micro- NAKAI-NOTES ON JAPANESE FERNS II 1831925] July, star/zyum, Herb. Mus. Paris), ibidem (Herb. DESVAUx-type of L. clzaeroplzylloides,partly). Luzon : Montalban (A. LOHERn. 1253) Bontoc (M0RIcE VANOVER- BERGHn. 1623). Sariaya (H. N. WHITFOR,Dn. 549). Sablan (A. D. E. ELMERn. 6139). Manila (GAUDICHAUD).Manila (EARTH).Manila (CHAMIssO-typeof L, ~ubescensKAULFUSS, Herb. Mus. Paris). Mindanao : Isl. Sibuyan, mt. Giting Giting (A. D. E. ELMERn. 12447). Hongkong : Happy valley (E. BODINIERn. 729, nihil aliud). Formosa : Hokuto (U. FAURIEn. 234, 616), Tamsuy (R. OLDITAM n. 73). This is very near to Lygodiu7n ja~onicuna to which is often reduced ; yet is distinct from that by the long narrow sterile leaflets which remind us Pteris cretica, the densely pubescent fertile leaves and hispidulous indusiums. The type specimens of Lybodiu7n dissectum consist of two species ; larger one is L, j ponicum and another L. mzcrostaclzylr. Lygidium ja~onicum grows in Japan, South-Corea, Quelp.iert and also in some parts of China ; but all other localities recorded for that are incorrect. The fragmental parts of plants took for press often make any use of taxonomy. More careful and minute observations are urgently necessary for the classification of the genus Lyg-odium.

IV. Salviniaceae DUMORTIER,Analyse p. 67 (1829)-Bartling, Ord. Nat. Pl. p. 14 et 15 (1830). Rlzizos~ermae LAMARCK & DECANDOLLE,Syn. Fl. Gall. p. 117 (I 8o6), pro parte. Hydropterides WILLDENOW,Sp. P1. V. p. XXXXX et p. 534 (181o), pro parte. Marsileaceae R. BROWN,Prodr. p. i66 (181o), excl. Marsilea. Marsileaceae Sect. 2. Salvinieae A. BRONGNIARDin Dict. Class. X. p. 196 (1826). Rllizocarpeae subord. Salviniaceae MEISSNER,P1. Vasc. Gen. I. p. 436 (1836), II. p. 338 (1842). MarsileaceaeTrib. II. Salviniaceae KOCH,Syn. ed. 2. III. p. 968 (1845). RlzizocarpeesTrib. I . Marsileae G RENIERin GRENIER& GODRON, Fl. Franc. III. p. 646 (1855). 184 THE BOTANICALMAGAZINE [Vol. XXXIX.No. 463

Lyeopodiaceaesubord. Salviniaceae MILDE,Filic. Europ. At!. p. 296 (1867). Rhizocarpeae subord. Salvinieae BAKER,Fern Allies p. 134 et 152 (I887). Rhizocarpeae SODIRO,Crypt. Vase. Quit. p. 626 (1893), pro parte. Marsiliacees subord. Salvinineae Rout, Fl. Fr. XIV. p. 467 (1913). BARTLINGis always taken for the author of Salviniaceae, but DUMORTIERis earlier by one year.

Azolla japonica FRANCHET & SAVATIER,Enum. P1. Jap. II. p. 195 (1876). Azolla? A. GRAYin Mem. Americ. Acad. Arts & Sci. new ser. VI. p. 330 (1859). Azollae species MIOUELin Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. III. p. 183 (1867), Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 347 (1867). Azolla pinnata (non R. BROWN) MIQUEL, Cat. Mus. Lugd. Bat. p. 130 (1870)- FRANCHET& SAVATIER,Enum. P1. Jap. II. p. 194 (1876)-O. KUNTZERev. II. p. 822 (1891). Azolla pinnata var. africana BAKER, Fern Allies p. 138 (I 887), pro parte, excl. syn.-MATSUMURA,Ind. Pl. Jap. I. p. 355 (1879), excl. syn. Azolla caroliniana WILLDENOW? apud MIQUEL,Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 390 (1867), noi`i WILLDENOW. Azolla pinnata j9.japonica FRANCHET& SAVATIER,Enum. Pl. Jap. II. p. 612 (1879). Azolla africana (non DESVAUx)NAKAI in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVIII. p. 99 (1914). Hab. in stagnis Japoniae. This is a good species. The followings are quite distinct through they were considered conspecific. Azolla africana DESVAUxin Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI. p. 178 (1827). Single specimen is in the Paris Museum which is the type. It is very remarkable with oblong pointed leaves, papillose dorsally, without mernbranaceous margines. It is smaller than our species. It is said to have been collected in Africa, but in what part of Africa July,1925] NAKAI--NOZDSON JAPANESE FERNS II 185 the similar plant is growing is quite unknown to us. All Azolla africana of other authors differs from this. Azolla ftinnata R. BROWN,Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. p. 167 (181o). This is common plant all over Australia. It has regular pinnate branches, papillose leaves with membranaceous margine. The size of whole plant is nearly twice as much smaller than ours. Azolla caroliniana WILLDENOW,Sp. Pl. V. p. 54.1 (1810). This is one of the smallest Azolla common in the United States, Mexico, West Indies and South America. It has similar form and texture of leaves as ours, but is smaller nearly 272-3 times. Azolla ricro 1zylla KAULFUSS,Azolla densa DESVAUxand Azolla rt xicana SCHLEICHERare conspecificwith it. Azolla decomj5ositaZOLLINGER, Syst. Verz. ind. Arch. Jap. Pfl. p. 51 (1854), nom. nud. By the type-specimens of ZOLLINGER,the size is as little as the ordinary Azolla caroliniana, but the leaves are not itnbricated, being arranged in the same distances with their length. The dorsal side of the leaves is subgranulosely papillose, but not so remarkable as Azolla pinnata. Azolla rubra R. BROWNl.c. p. 167 (181o). By the external feature, this is nearer to ours than any other known species, but the leaves are much smaller. Grows in Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. Azolla imbricata NAKAI,comb. nov. Salvinia imbricata ROxsURGHapud GRIFFITHin Culcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. IV. p. 469 (184.4). A species resembling to Azolla africana, differs from that by the shorter papillae of the leaves and less pointed apex. Distributes over Ceylon, East Indies, Tonking, Mekon, China (Kantung, Hong- kong, Yunnan, Chusan). I could not see Azolla gueneense SCHUMANN,but in such a genus as Azolla in which each species has comparatively small area of its distribution, a Guinean Azolla can not exist in Japan.

(V.) Marsileaceae R. BROWN,Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. p. 166 (i8 1o), excl. Azolla.-KAULFUSS,Enum. p. 270 (1824), pro parte- DESVAUxin Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI. p. 176 (1827), excl. Salvinia, 186 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE [Vol . XXXIX. No. 463

Azolla & ISOeteS.-BARTLING,Ord. Nat. P1. P. 14 & I 5 (1830) LINDLEY Nat. Syst. p. 404 (1836). Rllizocar cae BATSCH, Tab. Affin. p. 261 (1802)-SODIRO,Crypt. Vasc. Quit. p. 626 (1893), pro parte. hTydro~teridesWILLDENOW, Sp. P1. V. p. XXXXX & p. 535 (181o), pro parte. Pilulariae MIRBELapud DECANDOLLE,Fl. Fran. ed. 3. II p. 577 (1815). Marsileaceae§ I. Marsileaceae verae BROGNIARDin Diet. Class. X. p. 196 (1826)-LINDLEY,Introd. p. 319 (1830). Pilulariaceae DUMORTIER,Analyse p. 67 (1829), pro omnino. Marsilaeaceae ENDLICHER,Gen. p. 67 (1836). Rleicar eae subord. MarsZleaceaeMEISSNER, P1. Vasc. Gen. p. 436 (1836). II. p. 338 (1842). Marsileaceae Trib. i. Marsileac KOCH,Syn. F1. Germ. & Helv. ed. 2. III. p. 967 (I845)-LEDEB0uR,F1. Ross. IV. p. 493 (1853). Marsileaceae Verae A. BRAUNin DOELL,Rheinische Fl. p. 42 (1843). Marsileaceae§ 4. MarsilieaeT. MOORE,Ind. Filic. p. XIII. (1857). Marsileaceae§ 3 Pilularieac T. MOOREl.c. Rllizocarpeae subordo I. Marsiliaceae MILDE, Filic. Europ. & Atl. p. 290 (1867). Marsiliaceae KUHN in MARTIUS,Fl. Brasil. II. p. 649 (1884).- SADEBECKin Nat. Pflanzenfain. I. 4. p. 403 (1896). Rhizocarpeae subord. Marsilieae BAKER, Fern Allies p. 138 & 152 (1887). Rlaizocarpaeaceae O. KUNTZE,Rev. II. p. 822 (189I), pro parte. RlzizocarpaceaePALIBIN in Acta Hort. Petrop. XIX p. 138 (190 I )- WARBURG,Monsunia I. p. 95 (1900). Marsiliacees subord. Alarsilineae ROUY,Fl. Fran. XIV. p. 468 (1913). Theoretically speaking, Pilulariaceae of DUMORTIERis the correct name of this family, for he meant Pilularia and Marsilea. But BROWNS 1iIarsileaceae is universally used and is also correct when Azolla is excluded.

Marsilea (non MICHELI1729) LINNAEUS,Sp. Pl. ed. I. p. 1099 (i753), spec. post., nihil aliud-ALLIONI,Fl. Pedem. II. P. 289 (1785)- , 1925] NA KAI-NO ZES ON JAPANESE FERNS II 187 July

VILLARS,Hist. P1. Danph. III. p. 855 (1789)-DEsF0NTAINEs,F1. Atl. II. p. 4.09 (1798)-LAMARcK& DECANDOLLE,Syn. Fl. Gall. p. 117 (i8o6)-R. BROWN,Prodr. F1. Nov. Holland. p. 167 (1810)-WILL- DENOW,Sp. P1. V. p. 538 (181o)-DECAND0LLE,Fl. Fran. ed. 3. II. p. 578 (18 I 5)-KAULFUSS,Enum. p. 271 (I 824)-DEsvAuxin Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI. p. 178 (1827)-SPRENGEL,Syst. IV. p. I . (1827)- BLUME,Enum. Pl. Jay. II. p. 273 (1830)-MEISSNER, P1. VaSc. Gen. I. p. 436 (1836), II. p. 338 (1842)-A. BRAUNin Doell, Rhein. Fl. p. 44 (1843)-KocH, Syn. Fl. Germ. & Helv. ed. 2. III. p. 968 (1845)-LEDEB0uR,Fl. Ross. IV. p. 493 (1853)-BAKER,"Fern Allies. p. 138 (1887).-S0DIRO,Crypt. Vasc. Quit. p. 629 (1893). Lemma B. JusslEu in Mem. Acad. Roy. Scienc. (1740) p. 263- GUETTARD,Obserb. P1. I. p. 62 (1747).-ADANs0N,Fam. P1. II. p. 21 (1763).-JusslEu, Gen. Pl. p. 16 (1789)-LAMARcK,Encycl. III. p. 720 (1789). Zaluzanskia NECKERin Act. Theod. Palat. Phys. III. p. 303 (1775), Elem. Bot. III. p. 311. n. 1.708 (1790). Marsilaea ENDLICHER,Gen. P1. p. 68 (1836). Marsi a MILDE, Filic. Europ. & Atl. p. 292 (1867)-KUHNin MARTIUS,Fl. Brasil. II. p. 649 (1884)-SADEBEcKin Nat. Pflanzenfam. I. 4. p. 417 (1896). Zaluzianskya 0. KUNTZE,Rev. Gen. Pl. II. p. 822 (1891).

Marsilea quadrifolia LINNAEUS,Sp. P1. ed. I. p. 1099 (1753).- ALLIONI,Fl. Pedem. II. p. 289 (1785)-VILLAR5,Hist. P1. Dauph. III. p. 855 (I789)-D1sFoNTAINEs,Fl. Atl. II. p. 409 (1798)-LAMARcK & DECANDOLLE,Syn. Pl. Gall. p. I 17 (18o6)-DECANDOLLE,Fl. Franc. ed. 3. II. p. 578 (1815)-WILLDEN0w,Sp. P1. V. p. 538 (i8io)- SPRENGEL,Syst. Veg. IV. p. 8 (1827)-A. BRAUNin DOEL,Rhein. Fl. p. 44 (1843)-KocH, Syn. F1. Germ. & Helv. III. p. 968 (1845)- KUNZEin Bot. Zeit. VI. p. 589 (1848)-WARBuRG,Mons. p. 9 5 (1900). Lemma sive Lemna THEOPHRASTUS,lib. 4. caput. II. interpret GAZA(1528). Lens palustris quadrifolia C. BAUHINUS,Phytop. Icon. p. 7. (1596)- PARKINSON,Theatr. Bot. p. 1062 (164o)-J. BAUHINUS,Hist. III. lib. 18. p. 785 (1651)-CHABREY, Sciagr. p. 566 (1666)-MoRisoN,P1. Hist. Oxon. III. p. 619 t. 4. fig. (1699). 188 THE BOTANICAL. MAGAZINE [Vol . XXXIX. No. 4&3

Lenticula palustris tertia quadYifoliaC. BAUHINUS,Prodr. p. 153 (1620). Lenticula palustuzs secunda TABERNAEMONTANUS,Icon. II. p. 504 (1622). Lcnticula palustvis quadYifoliaC. BAUHINUS,Pinax. p. 362 (1623)- BROMELIUS,Chloris Gott. p. 56 (1694)-LINDERN,Tournefortius p. 88 (1728). Lenticula palustris quanta sive quadYifoliaC. BAUHINUSPinax p. 362 (1623)-SLOANE, Cat. P1. Jamaic. p. I I (1696); Hist. Jamaic. I. p• 67 (1707)• Stratiotes j5alustris PETIVER,Gazophyl. nat. V. fig. 12 (1704). Lemma TlzeoplzrastiDALECAMPS apud B. JusslEu in Mein. Acad. Roy. Scl. (1740) p. 27 I-GUETTARD,Obs. P1. I. p. 62 (1747)• I'tcris quadrifoliata LINNJEUS,Sp. P1. ed. 2. p. 1531 (1763)• Zaiiu anskia marsiloides NECKERin Act. Theod. Palat. Phys. III. p• 303 (1775)• Marsilea tetraplzylla THUNBERG,Fl. Jap. p. 340 (1784)• Lemma quadYifoliaLAMARCK, Encycl. III. p. 720 (1789). Marsilea cur paea DESVAUxin Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris. VI. p. 178 (1827). Marsilea quadrZfolZataGRENIER in GRENIER& G ODRON,Fl. Franc. III. p. 647 (1855)-BAKER,Fern All. p. 139 (1887)-HENiV~in Trans. Asiat. Soc. Jap. XXIV. suppl. p. I 17 (1896)-MATsuMuRA,Ind. I. p. 355 (19o4)-MATsuMuRA& HAYATAIn Journ. Coll. Sci. XXII. p. 559 (1906). Marsilia quadrifoliata MILDE,Filic. Europ. & Atl. p. 293 (1867)- FRANCHET& SAVATIER,Enum. P1. Jap. II. p. 195 (I 876)-Rout, F1. Franc. XIV. p. 469 (1913)• Marsilia quadrifoliata var. ? MIQUELin Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. III. p. 185 (86);I ~Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 349 (1867). Marsilia quadrifoliata ? MIQUEL,Prol. F1. Jap. p. 390 (1867); Cat. Mus. Lugd. Bat. p. 130 (1870). Zalu„ianskva quadYifoliaO. KUNTZE,Rev. II. p. 823 (1`891). Mavsilia quadYifoliaSADEBECK in Nat. Pflanzenfam. I. 4. p. 418 (I896).-NAKAIin Journ. Coll. Sci. XXXI. p. 420 (I9 I I) ; Veg. Isl. Quelp. p. II. n. 120 (1914) ; in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVIII. p. 98 (1914)• July,1925] NAKAI-NO ZES ON JAPANESEFERNS If 189

Marsilia quadrifoliolata PALIBINin Acta Hort. Petrop. XIXXp. I38 (1901). Hab. in Japonia, Quelpaert, Corea & Formosa. This plant would be a favorite among the dotards of nomen- clatural reforms. When LINNAEUS(or LINNE)published his first edition of Systema Naturae (1735) he took Lunularia of MIcHELIfor the synonym of Marsilea. No description accompanied to that, yet this reduction of Lunularia tells that he meant MIcHELI'sMarsilia and Lunularia. MICHELI'sgenera were published in his famous work 'Nova Plantarum Genera p.p. 4 & 5 t. 4 (1729).' These comprise present Riccia, Conoceplzalusand Artzgeria of Hepaticac. LINNAEUS'Marsilca in his Genera Plantarum ed. 1. p. 326 n. 799 (1737) denotes Salvinia only. But in Species Plantarum ed. 1. (1753) he has written two Marsilca-M natans and M quadrifolia. If Vienna congress represents the opinions of all systematists the first species Marsilea natans must be the species of Marsilca. Nevertheless, ADANSON,ALLIONI, JUSSIEU, POIRETand many later botanists followed MICHELI who figured Salvinia too clearly to mistake with other plants. BERNARDJUSSIEU gave a note of this plant in Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences (1740). lie took the name LEMMAused by THEOPHRASTUS and carefully compiled all the synonyms and literatures of that plant appeared up to his date. His work is, in fact, a loborious one, though he has not used the binomial. ADANSON{Familles des plantes II. p. 21 (1763)) used this for the generic name, and other French botanists as GUETTARD{Observations sur les plantes I. p. 62 (1747)), A. L. JUSSIEU{Genera Plantarum p. I6 (1789)) and J. B. LAMARCK {Encyclopedia Methodique III. p. 720 (1789)) have followed him. LAMARCKtried a new combination and Marsilca gained a new name Lemma quadrifolia. Meantime, in Germany, NECKERapplied another name Zaluzanskia (1775 and 1790) for the generic name of the present Marsilca, because he used Marsilca in Linnaean sense (see below). A name itself is a symbol of a plant, so any of Marsilca, Lemma and Zaluzanskia will hold if they are correct. The fifth edition of LINNAEUS'Genera Plantarum (1754) has the same descriptions of this plant with the former editions. Edition sixth was a little modified in the wordings, yet there is no word denoting Marsilea quadrifolia. So. Marsilea of LINNAEUSwas sheer Salvinia 190 THE BOTANICALMAGAZINE [vol. xxxix. No.963

Marsilca in the present meaning, ALLIONI(1785) is the author. He preceeds JUsslEUand LAMARCKby four years. Thus VILLARS(1789), DESFONTAINES(1798), ROTH(i800), WILLDENOW(I8 I O) and many successors will be saved. MILDE, MIOUEL,FRANCHET, KUHN and others, especially the modern botanists use Marsilia for lilarsilca. This is scientifically accurate, because what MIcHELI has written as ` Illustrissimus , atque Excellentissimus D. Conies ALOYSIUSFERDINAN- DUs MARsILILPatricius Boneniensis, Academiae Regiae Parisiensis, & Londinensis socius, Vir omnibus virtutum numbrrs praeclarissimus,' etc. etc. (Nova Plantarum Genera p. 6, 1729). means Count LUIGIFERDINANDO MARSIGLI whose name is written as MARSILIUSby Latin. But such uniformity of termination makes the names more complicated. They also altered the specific name to ` quadrifoliata ,' which is nonsense. LINNAEUS'` gzzadrrfolia' comes from Lcmrna palustris quadrifolia PLUMIER, Lcns palustris quadrifolia C. BAUHINUSand Leuticulapalustris guadrifolia C. BAUHINUS.Similar- ly OTTOKUNTZE, the author of Revisio Generum Plantarum altered Zaluzanskia to Zt luzianskya in the second volume, and made a new combination Zaluzlanskya quadrifolia. This is because ZALUZIANSKis in reality ZALUZIANSKY.But if real Latin is used ZALUZIANSKYis ZALUZANIUS,so ZALUZIANSKYAshould be ZALUZANIAas PERSOONal- ready used for a genus of Compositac. These relapses throw webs at the science. If such an artificial method hinders the progress of the real science, it is desirable to revoke it. THUNBERGused Marsilea tetraphylla. He changed a lot of specific names given by LINNAEUS whenever he found them undesirable. E. g. Jpidcndrur morzilefor moiziliformc,Limodorum cnsatur for L, cnsifolium, Uiscum opuntia for Viscurn o miztioidcs,Panicum corvi for Panicum crus-corvi, Galiurn rotundurn for G. rotuuzcfolium, Clzrysosplcniurnaltcrnauzs for G. alter- uifoliuzn,Rubia cordata for R. cordifolia, Buxus vixens for B. semper- vircrzs, Uvularia scssilis for U. sessilifolia, Dioscorea opposita for D. oppositifolia. In his date the numbers of known species were far less than at present, so such alterations were pardonable. DESVAUXdid likewise and applied the names of Salvirzia europaea and Marsilca europac'a. Others misled these and made new combinations like Dcndrobiz!?nm01zile KRANZLIN and Korthalsella opu?ztZa MERRILL. These trials, however, are not science. These are the cases men made a fun of science, and differ from the introductions of prior valid NAKAI-NOTES ON JAPANESE FERNS II 1911925] July, names. In modern ages when enormous plants are known and more natural classifications are wanting such operations should be strictly prevented.

(VI.) OfzioglossaceaeLINDLEY, Nat. Syst. p. 402 (1836)-Milde in Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. XIX. p. 99 (1869). OphioglosseaeR. BROWN,Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. p. 163 (18 Io).- AGARDH,Aph. p. I i 3 (I 822)-KAULFuss,Enum. Filic. p. 24 (1824)- BLUME,Enum. P1. Jay. p. 258 (1830). Filices sect. OpluZoglosseaeLINDLEY, Introd. p. 315 (1830). OplzZoglossZncae,COMMERSON apud DUMORTIER,Analyse. p. 67 (1829).

Botrycluiur SWARTZin SCHRADER,Journ. (i8oo) pt. 2. p. 8 & I I O (180I) ; Syn. Fillc. p. 8 & 171 (18o6)-ScHKuHR,Krypt. Gewachs. p. 156 t. 154-158 (1809). et auct. plur. OsmundczLINNAEUS, Sp. P1. ed. i. p. 1063 (1753), pro parte,- Gen. P1. V. p. 484. n. 1036 (1754), pro parte. Lunaria (non LINNAEUS)HILL, Brit. Herb. p. 531 (I 7 56). Botrypus L. C. RICHARD,Cat. Hort. Med. Paris. P. 120 (8oi).I

Botrychium boreale MILDEin Bot. Zeit. XV. p. 478 & 880 (1857) ; in Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. XVIII. p. 508 (1868) ; XIX. p. I I 8 (1869)-DIELs in Nat. Pflanzenfam. I. 4. p. 470 (1900). Botrychium Lunaria var. 4. KAULFUSS,Enum. Filic. P. 23 (1824), pro parte. Botryciz urn Lunaria var. fronds pinnis disscctis FRIES, Summa Veg p. 252 (1846), pro parte. BotryclzZu?nLunaria var. aduantufoluurnANGSTROM. Bot. Notis. p. 70 (1854), pro parte. Botryclium Lunaria var. rlwrnbeum ANGSTROMI.c. Botrychium Lunaria var. boreale FRIES, Herb. Normale XVI. p. 8 5 (i866). BotryclzZum brevifoliurn ANGSTROM, Bot. Notis. (i866) p. 40. Botrychiumsubalpinurn NAKAI, Fl. Paiktusan. p. 6o (1918), nom. nud. Hab. Corea : in silvis pede montis Paiktusan (T. NAKAI). Botrychium lanuginosum WALLICH,Cat. n. 48 (I828)-HOOKER & GREVIELLE,Icon. Filic. I. t. 79 (1829). 192 THE. BOTANICAL MAGAZINE [Vol . XXXIX. NQ. 963

Botryclziu7ndaucifoliun2 (non WALLICH)PRESL, Suppl. Tent. Pteridogr. p. 46 (1847). Botrychium virginianum 9. lanuginosuin MOORE,Ind. Filic. p. 2I3 (1857). var. Ieptostachyu m, m. Botrychiurn lcftostachvum HAVATA,Icon. P1. Formos. IV. p. 134. fig. 71 (1914). Varietas glabra ! Hab. in Formosa, China & Himalaya. The hairiness is individually different. This glabrous variety gra- dually passes over the hairy type.

Botrych iu m robustu m UNDERWOOD m Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. XXX. p. 51 (1903). Botrychium rutacfoliuln var. robusturn RUPRECHTapud MILDEin Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol. XXVI. p. 763. Pl. 55. fig. 9 (1858). Hab. Sachalin : Mereya (U. FAURIEn. 312). Distr. Kamtschatica & Unalaska.

Oflzoderma BLUMEapud ENDLICHER,Gen. P1, p. 66 n. 672 (1836). OfhioglossumLINNAEUS, Sp. P1. ed. 1. p. 1062 (1753), pro parte ; Gen. P1. ed. V. p. 484, n. 1035 (1754), pro parte et auct. plur. Ofhioglossurn sect. Ofhioderma BLUME,Enum. P1. Javae II. p. 259 (1830). Czeiroglossa PRESL, Suppl. Tent. Pteridogr. p. 56 (1843). This is near to Oflioglossurn, but differs as follows. Planta terrestris. Frons indivisa cum rhizomate inarticulata. Gemma cum vagina. Inflorescentia solitaria erecta. Ofuioglossurn. Planta epiphytica. Frons dichotoma ramosa, cum rhizomate articulata. Gemma nuda. Inflorescentia lateralis vel mediana pendula. Oplaiodcrrna. This is subdivided into two sections ; each having one species. Sect. i. Cheiroglossa NAKAI. ChciroglossaPRESL l.c. Rhizoma barbatum. Frons erecta dichotome palmata. Inflores- July,1925] NAKAI--NOTES ON JAPANESEFFRNS II 193 centia numerosa sublaterales. Huc pertinet O. palrnatun2 NAKAI (O1zioglossurn~alrnatuln LINNAEUS,Sp. P1. ed. I. p. 1063.-Clzeirogl;ssa palrata PRESL,Suppl. p. 57). Sect. II. Eu-Ophioderma NAKAI. Rhizoma glabrum. Frons pendula dichotoma. Inflorescentia solitaria mediana. Huc pertinet O. peudululn PRESL 1. c. p. 56. (Op/eio- glossurn pendulum LINNAEUS,Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. I5I8).

OphZoglossurTOURNEFORT, Instit. Rei Herb. p. 548. t. 325 (1700)- LINNAEUS,Gen. P1. ed. I. p. 322. n. 779 (1737) ; Sp. P1. ed. i. p. 1062 (1753), pro parte ; Gen. P1. ed. V. p. 484. n. 1035 (1754), pro parte-HILL, Brit. Herb. p. 531 (1756) et auct. plur.

Ophioglossum nipponicum NAKAI,nom. nov. Op/zioglossurnvulgatur (non LINNAEUS)FRANCHET & SAVATIER, Enum. P1. Jap. p. 252 (1876), ex specim. Op/zioglossurnjaponicur (non THUNBERG) PRANTL in Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesells. I. p. 253 (1883); in Bot. Jahrb. Bot. Gart. III. p. 327. t. 8. fig. 29 (1884),-MATsUMuRA,Ind. I. p. 330 (1904). Op/zioglossurnnudicaule (non LINNAEUSflu.) CHRIST in Bull. Herb. Boiss. IV. p. 675 (1896).-MAKINGin Tokyo Bot. Mag. XII. p. 376 (1898).-MATsuMuRAl.c. Hab. in Japonia. The general apperance resembles to the smaller specimens of Op/zioglossurnvulgaturn but the margine of leaves serrulated or obscurely dentated. Oplzioglossurnnudicaule is a plant of Cape. It has one radical leaf but has no cauline leaf.

Ophioglossum pedunculatum DESVAUxin Ben. Mag. V. p. 306 (i8i I)-PRANTLin Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesells. I. p. 328, t. 8 fig. 33 & 34 (I883)-Dir.sEin Nat. Pflanzenfam. I. 4. p. 469 (1900). Op/zioglossurnpetiolaturn HOOKER,Exot. Flora I. t. 56 (1823). OphZoglossurln?noluccanuln SCHLECHTENDAL, Adumbr. p. 9 (1825). Ophioglossulnvulgaturn (non LINNAEUS)HOOKER & BAKER,Syn. Filic. p. 445 (1868) pro parte-MIQUELin Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. III. p. i88 (1867); Prol. F1. Jap. p. 347 & 390 (1867)-MAKINGin Tokyo Bot. Mag. XII. p. 376 (1898)-MATsUMURA,Ind. I. p. 331 (1904). 194 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, [Vol . XXXIX. No. 463

Ojliioglossum rcticulatIm (non LINNAEUS)NAKAI in journ. Coll. Sci. XXXI. p. 420 (19 I 1) ; Veg. Isl. Quelp. p. 12 n. 125 (1914); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVIII. p. Too (1914). Hab. in Japonia et Quelpaert. This Asiatic plant resembles to the smaller specimens of Opleio- glossuznreticulatum but the margine of leaves are not entire, being crenate serrulated.

(VII.) F_quisctaccaeMICHAUX, Fl. Bor. Americ. II. p. 281 (1803). F_quisetulnpalustrc LINNAEUS,Sp. P1. ed. i . p. 1062 (1753). var. japonicum NAKAI,var. nov. Affine var. namim MILDE (in Verhandlungen der tool-bot. Gesell- schaft in Wien, 1864. p. 13) sed caulis elatior et rarnosior. Caulis 4-8 angulatus 20-30 cm. altus verticillato-ramosus, fertilis etiam sed parce ramosus. Rami tenues 3-16 cm. longi 5-6 angulares. Hab. Yeso : Kushiro (U. FAURIEn. 5295) ; Yesan (U. FAURIE n. 7547). var. ramulosum MILDE,Monogr. p. 328 (1867). Hab. Hondo : prope Tokyo, rara (GADEANDU KERVILLE) ; Niigata (U. FAURIEn. 2521).

Equisetum hiemale LINNAEUS,F1. Lapp. p. 311 (1737) ; Sp. P1. ed. i. p. 1062 (17 53 ). var. Schleicheri MILDE in Nova Act. Caes. Leopold.-Carol. XXVI pt. 2. p. 465 (1858); Monogr. p. 511 & 521, Taf. XXX. fig. 3, 4, 6, 7, 20, 23, 24 (1867). Equiscturn trachyodon A. BOREAU; Fl. du Centre ed. 2. II. p. 623 (1849). Equisetum tracliyodon b. Moorcii LoUDON,Cat. Brit. P1. (1857) p. 14. Equisetum Moorei NEWMAN apud SOWERBY& JOHNSTON,A suppl. ferns Great Brit. p. 19. t. 12 (1859). Equisetum intermediurn SCHUR, Enum. P1. Crypt. Tans. Silt'. p. 822 (1866). In nostris speciminibuscaulis in apice rhizomatis caespitosus 12-15 angularis. Vaginae cum lobis 2-2.5 mm longis usque 10-12 mm. longae virides, lobis basi nigris apice albo-membranaceis et deeiduis. Hab. Yeso : in argilleis insulae Rebunshiri (U. FAURIEn. 7329). July,i92.5~ NAKAT-NOTESON JAPANESEFERNS 11 195

The specimens are rather poor ; the internodes are not so much elongated as the Europaean one ; the longest of ours is about 4.5 cm. long.

Equisetum limosum LINNAEUS,Fl. Suec. ed. I. n. 837 (1745). Sp. P1. ed. 1. p. 1062 (1753) ; ed. 2. p. '517 (1763). j3. aphyllum ROTH,Tent. Fl. Germ. I. p. 9 (1788). Equisetum limosum var. Linnaeanuln DOELL,Gefass Crypt. p. 64 (1855)-MILDE, Monogr. p. 342. Taf. XV. fig. 2. (1867). Caulis nudus, vel rarissime ramis sparsis instructus. Hab. in Corea, Hondo, Yeso et Sachalin. Var. verticillatu m DOELLl.c.-MILDE l.c. Equisetuln fiuviatile LINNAEUS,Fl. Lapp. p. 310 (1737), Sp. P1. ed. 2. p. 1062 (i75),3Fl. Suec. ed. 2. p. 368. n. 930 (i55).7 Caulis ramis verticillatis instructus. Hab. Hondo : in montibus versus borealem Akita (U. FAURIEn. 21oo); Aomori (U. FAURIEn. goo). Yeso : insula Rebunshiri (U. FAURIE n. 7327) ; Akkeshi (U. FAURIEn. 8667) ; Sapporo (U. FAURIEn. 352); ad ripas fl. Kushiro- gawa (U. FAURIEn. 5309).

Equisetum ramosissimum DESFONTAINES,F1. Atl. II. p. 398 & 399 (1798). var. japonicum MILDE,Monogr. p. 440 (1867). Equiscturn clongatuln var. faftonicwn MILDE in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. p. 65 (1863)-MIQUEL,Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. p. 124 (1870). Equisetum ralnosissinuln FRANCHET& SAVATIER,Enum. P1. Jap. II. p. 202 (1876) pro parte. Hab. Corea : in littore Ouensan (U. FAURIEn. 701). Hondo : Matsushima (U. FAURIE n. 902 partim). Kamakura (SAVATIERn. 2318 partin). Var. g la u cu m NAKAI, var. nov. Equisetu?n ralnosissimum (non DESFONTAINES)FRANCHET & SAVATIER,Enum. P1. Jap. II. p. 202 (1876), pro parte.

.jepidotZsPALIS.-BEAUVOIS, l.c. p. 10 1 (1805).

Lycopodiu m serrate m THUNBERG,F1. Jap. p. 341 t. 38 (1.784). f. intermedium NAKAI. Caulis robustus 3-4 mm. crassus. Folia omnia homogena oblan- ceolata usque 18 mm. longa 3 mm. lata ad basin angustata sed non petiolata ut var. javanicum, serrata, acuminata. Hab. Yeso : Fukuyama (C. J. MAXIMOwICZ); Fukuyama (U. FAURIEn. 3904). Hondo : Aomori (U. E AURIE), Yokosuka (SAVATIERn. 1525 partim). A big form with the leaves intermediate between type and var. javanicum. Lycopodiulnscrratum var. javanicum MAKINO(L. javanicum

196 THE,BOTANICAL MAGAZINE [Vol. XXXIX.No. 463

Ut anteum sed caulis scaberrimus, glaucum, caespitosum interdum ramis subverticillatis. Nom. Jap. Inu-dokusa. Hab. Hondo : Kamakura (SAVATIERn. 2318 partim), Morioka, ad ripas Kitakamigawa (U. FAURIEn. 6226), Kuroishi (U. FAURIEEn. I.I79), Shiobara (U. FAURIEn. 4136), Arakawa (GADEANDE KERVILLE), Yokohama (MAxIMowIcz),Yokosuka (SAVATIERn. 2I09).

(VIII.) LycopodiaccacLAMARCK & DE CANDOLLE, Syn. Fl. Gall. p. I I6 (i8o6), pro parte. LycopodaceaeMICHAUX, Fl. Bor. Americ. II. p. 281 (1803), pro parte. LycopodincaeSWARTZ, Syn. Filic. p. 87 (io6),$pro parte.

Lycopodium DILLENIUS,Nova P1. Gen. in appendice Cat. P1. sponte circa Gissam nasc. p. 87. t. II. (1719); Hist. Musc. p. 441 (1741)-LINNAEus,Gen. P1. ed. I. p. 323. n. 792 (i77),3pro parte ; Sp. P1, p. 1100 (1753), pro parte ; Gen. P1. ed. V. p. 486 n. 1049 (1754), pro parte. Se/ago DILLENIUS, Hist. Musc. p. 435 (i7.i). Plananthzts PALIS.-BEAUVOIS,Prodr. Aetheog. p. 99 (1805). July,1925] NAKAI--NOTESON JAPANESEFERNS II 197

SWARTZ,Syn. Filic. p. 175 & 399) of Japan is slightly different from Javanian form. I saw innumerable collections of L. javaniculn in the Herbarium of Buitenzorg, and also some 'in the Gray-Herbarium and Paris-Museum. I also collected it myself in mt. Gedeh of Java. In that type the stem is always tall, and the sporangium-bearing part becomes distinctly spicate by the sudden diminution of leaves. I saw only one specimen (SAVATIERno. 2298 partly) from Japan showing this form.

Lycopodium clavatum LINNAEUS,Sp. Pl. ed. I. p. 1101 (1753). var. nipponicum NAKAI. Axis sermentosa. Ratni erecti dichotome ramosissimi. Folia integerrima incurvata subulata 5-6 mm. longa o.5-1.o mm. lata apice in cilias attenuata. Ped unculi 7-12 cm. longi graciles 1.5 mm. crassi foliis sparsis subulatis vel lanceolatis apice membranaceis denticulatis caudato-attenuatis. Spica distincte elongato-stipitata 2--3.5 cm. longa 3-4 mm. lata. Bracteae latissimae ovatae scarioso-membranaceae margine hyalinae laceratae apice cuspidatae. Hab. Hondo : Asamayama (SAVATIERanno 1875-type in Herb. Mus. Paris) ; Hakone (SAVATIERn. 2301 partim) ; sine loco speciali(DIcKINs); Koyasan (U. FAURIE n. 12045), Chichibu (legitor ?), monte circa Lacum Biwa (U. FAURIEn. 7839). China : Hupeh, Ichang (A. HENRYn. 2393). Su-tchen, Tchen- keou-tin (FARCESn. 270). var. ro bu sti u s NAKAI, comb. nov. Lycopodiumjaponicur THUNBERG, Fl. Jap. p. 341 (1784)-P0IRET, Encycl. Suppl. III. p. 558 (I 813)-DEsvAUxin Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI. p. I 8 I. n. 22 (1827)-SPRINGin Mem. Acad. Roy. Belg. XV. p. 11o (1842)-KUNzEin Bot. Zeit. VI. p. 587 (1847). Lycopodiumtristackyum (non PURSH)NUTTALL, Gen. North Americ. II. p. 247 (1.818). Lycopodium aristatum BONGARD,Veg. Sitcha p. 175 (1833). Lycopodiumaz istatum var. robustZusHOOKER & GREVIELLE, Enum. Flllc. n. 75 (1833). Lycopodium clavatum var. tristaclzvon HOOKER,Fl. Bor.-Americ. II. p. 267 (1840). 198 THE BOTANICALMAGAZINE (Vol. xxxix, No.463

Lycojodium clavaturn var. distaclzyurnSPRING, Monogr. I. p. 90 (1842). Lycojodiuln clavatum var. tristachyurn SPRING,l.c. Hab. Kuriles, Sachalin, Yeso et Hondo (rarius). var. monostachyum DESVAUxin Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris. VI. p. 184 (1827)-SPRING,Monogr. I. p. 90 (1842). Hab. Hondo : Aomori (U. FAURIEn. 4699). var. Wallichianum SPRING, Monogr. I. p. 90 (1842). LycOj'odiur divaricaturn WALLICH,Cat. n. 131 (1828)-HOOKER & GREVIELLE,Enum. Filic. n. 76 (1833). Lycojodium tricltiatum (non BoRY) BLUME, Enum. P1. Jay. II. p. 263 (1830). Hab. Quelpaert : Hallasan (U. FAURIEn. 2183, E. TAQUETn. 55). Japonia : sine leco speciali (SIEB0LD). Kiusiu : Nagasaki (U. FAURIEn. 15686). Wunzen (MAxIMowIcz). Hondo : Asariyama (U. FAURIEn. 2956). Yeso : vulcano Mori (U. FAURIEn. 629). Key to the varieties growing in Japan. Pedunculi elongati io-18 cm. longi, ramis brevibus sed 2-3 mm. crassis. Spicae in quoque pedunculo 3-6 elongatae usque 4.5-5 cm. 5 mm. latae. var. Wallichianum. Pedunculi 4-12 cm. longi. Pedunculi monostachyi. var. monostachyum. Pedunculi 2-3 stachyi. Spicae distincte stipitatae 3-4 mm. latae. Pedunculi grades. Folia integerrima. var. ni1i5Jonicurn. Spicae sessiles vel breve stipitatae 4-5 mm. latae. Pedunculi vulgo breves 4-8 cm (rarius 10 cm) longi. var. robustZus.

Lycopodium complanatum LINNAEUS,Sp. P1. ed. I. p. 1104 (i75),3pro parte-OEDER,Icon. I. fasc. 2. p. 5. t. 78 (1763)-MIcHAux, Fl. Bor. Americ. ed. I. II. p. 283 (18o3)-SWARTz,Syn. Filic. p. I8o (18o6)-ScHKUBR,Krypt. Gewachse p. 163. t. 163 (I8o9)-D1svAux in Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI, p. 185 (1827)-SPRING,Monogr. I, p. 101 (1842), excl. syn., pro parte. NAKAI--NOTESOF JAPANESE FERNS II 1991925] July,

Lycopodium comflanatum var. ancefs WALLROTHapud MILDE, Sporenpf. 135 ; Filic. Europ. p. 257. (non L, ancefs WALLROTH)- TAKEDAin Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. p. 225 (1909) excl. syn. L. anccfs. Lycopodiumcomfanatum a. fatentifoliitm SPRINGl.c. p. 102, pro parte. Hab. Kuriles, Yeso, Sachalin, Hondo et Shikoku. Distr. Asia bor., China, Europa et America bor. There are misreadings of old publications. Lycopodiuzn ancefs WALLROTHin Linnaea XIV. p. 646 (1840) which MILDEhas reduced to Lycopodiumcomplanatum is Lycopodiuzncltamaecyfarissus. The descriptions of WALLR"}THdo not agree with the characteristics of Lycopodiu7ncomplanatum. He referred his species to Savina sylvcstris of TRAGUS{see De stirpium Historia, interprete Kyberus p. 556, cum fig. (1552)). This figure is possibly Lycopodiu7nalpinitm as POIRET said in Encyclopedia methodique, supplement III. p. 540 (1813), though WALLROTHevidently meant Lycopodium cleamaccyparissus. The name of Lycopodiuzncomplanatuln var. aizcefs is therefore not proper to denote the typical form of Lycopodiumcomplanatum. Ly- copodium complanatum of WALLROTHl.c. p. 677 is Lycopodiuznalpinurn var. flaniramulosuzn TAKEDAin Tokyo Botanical Magazine XXIII. p. 229. fig. 14 (1909) according to his descriptions. He referred it to the figure of DILLENIUS(see Historia Muscorum t LVIII (1741)), which is sure of Lycopodiumalfinuzn. DILLENIUS'tab. LIX which LINNAEUStook for his Lycopodiuzncomplanatuzn is var. fiabellatum DOELLin Rheinische Flora p. 36 (1843). This Lycopod with fun- shaped branches grows also in North-America.

Lycopodium lucidulum MicHAUx, F1. Bor.-Arneric. II. p. 284 (18o3)-SwARTZ,Syn. Flllc. p. 176 (18o6)-WILLDEN0w,Sp. P1. V. p. 5 1 (I 8 I o)-POIRET, Suppl . Encyc1. III. p. 556 (I 813)-HOOKER, Fl. Bor.-Americ. II. p. 266 (1840)-SPRING,Monogr. I. p. 37 (1842)- BAKER,Fern All. p. I I (1887)-WARBuRG,Mons. I. p. 96 (I9oo)- MATSUMURA,Ind. I. p. 358 (1904). Planantlte Yeflexum PALIS.-BEAUvoIs, Prodr. Aetheog. p. III (1804). Lycopodiumreiexu7n (non LAMARCK)SWARTZ, Syn. p. 176 (i8o6)- SCIIKUHR,Krypt. p. I6o t. 159. fig. I. (18o9). 200 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE [V ol. XXXIX. No. 463

Lyco~odiulnserratum (non THUNBERG)DESVAUX in Ann. Soc. Linn. VI. p. i 8o (1827). Lycopodium reflexo-intcgritrn HAVATA,Icon . Pl. Formos. V. p. 254. fig. 90 (1915). Hab. Formosa et Liukiu. Distr. China, Himalayaa et America bor.

Lycopodium Wightianum WALLICH, Cat. n. 2 184 (I829)- HOOKER& GREVIELLE,Enum. Filic. n. 85 (1833)-SPRING, Monogr. I. p. 103 (1842), excl. syn. II. p. 48 (1849)-BAKER,Fern All. p. 28 (1887). Lycopodium alpinum var. transmorrisonense HAVATA,Icon. Pl. Formos. IV. p. 130. fig. 69 (1914). Hab. Formosa. Distr. Java, Cochinchina & India orient.

(IX.) SelaginellaceaeMETTENIUS, Filic. Hort. Lips. p. I6 (I856), excl. Isoetes.-SODIRO,Crypt. Vas. Quit. p. 583 (1893). LycopodaceaeMICHAUX, Fl. Bor. Americ. II. p. 281 (1803), pro parte. LycopodiaceaeLAMARCK & DECANDOLLE,Syn. Fl. Gall. p. I i 6 (18o6), pro parte. Lycopodineae SWARTZ, Syn. Filic. p. 87 (8o6),I pro parte. Lycopodiaceaesubordo II. Selaginelleae METTENIUS, Filic. Hort. Lips. p. i6 (1856). Lycopodiaceae § 2. Lycopodieae T. MOORE,Ind. Filic. p. XIII. (1857), pro parte.

Selaginella PALIS.-BEAUVOIS,Prodr. Aetheog. p. 101 (1805), et auct. plur. Selaginoides RAY, Syn. Method. Stirp. Brit. ed. 3. p. 106 (1724)- DILLENIUS,Hist. Musc. p. 460 t. XVIII (i7.,). Lycoj5odZoZdesDILLENIUS, Hist. Mus. p. 462, pro parte t. LXIV. 2a, 2B. C. 2D. 3. t. LXV, t. LXVI. (1741)-O. KUNTZE,Rev. Gen. P1. II. p. 824 (1891). Lycopodium LINNAEUS Sp. P1. ed. I. p. 1100 (5)I 3et auct. plur. July,l1)~,~] NAKAI-NOTESOF JAPANESEFERNS If 201

Slacleynandrum PALIS.-BEAUVOIS,Flore d'Oware et de Benin. I. p. 8. P1. VII (1804); Prodr. Aetheog. p. 105 (18o5)-BR0NGNIARD,Veg. Fossil. II. p. 2 (1837). Gymnogynum PALIS.-BEAUVOIS, Prodr. p. 103 (1805). Dif>lostacleyurnPALIS.-BEAUVOIS, Prodr. p. 104 (1805). Lycof'odZumB. Stipulata b. Stacleynandra MARTENS & GALEOTTI in Mem. l'Acad. roy. Brux. XV. p. Io (1842). Human arbitrariness in the side of nomenclature is too frankly expressed here. If Post-Linnaean valid names are good for technical terms StachyZandrum is the best to denote the group of plants recently called Selabincl'a. Of course great many species of Selaginclla were described by SPRINGand WARBURG,but why one does not dare to make laborious combinations with Stacleyaandrurn? The original description of Dyyojteris ADANSONis mere a line, yet when CHRISTEN- SEN'SIndex Filicum appeared the majority of botanists are following him. The representatives of Bruxelles congress were wise enough to have suggested to use Nefierodiumbetter than DYyoptcris,yet general tendency is favouring CHRISTENSEN.No matter what it may, it is apparent that general botanists subdue to massy works, disregarding whether they are reasonable or not. So far as such human nature controlls over plants the rules of nomenclature, if they are ideal, are mere scraps of paper. Selaginella philippica SPRING,Enum. Lyc. n. 34, Monogr. II. p. 105 (1849). Lycojodium microstachyulnDESVAUX, Monogr. Lyc. n. TOOapud POIRET, Suppl. Encycl. III. p. 554 (1813), excl. descrip.-DESVAux in Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris VI p. 189 (1827); non Selaginella rnicrostaclzya WARBURG. Selaginclla Gumingiana PRESLin Abh. Boehm. Ges. Wiss. III. p. 582 (non SPRING). Lyc podioidcs iahcllatum O. KUNTZE,Rev. II. p. 826 (1891), pro parte ? Sclag inclla flabcllata (non SPRING) HENRY in "Trans. Asiat. Soc. Jap. suppl. XII. p. 117 (1896). Hab. in Formosa. Distr. Philippin. The lateral leaves are narrower and the median leaves are not oblique as Sclaginclla flabcllata . 202 THE, BOTANICAL MAGAZINE [Vol . XXXIX. No. 463

Selaginella japonica (non MACNAB)MIQUEL in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. III. p. 185 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. p. 349 et 390 (1867). Selaginella Krausszana (non A. BRAUN)FRANCHET & SAVATIER, Enum. P1. Jap. II. p. 200 (1876)-BAKERFern Allies p. 65 (1887), pro parte. Hab. in j aponia. The lateral leaves are wider and very obscurely serrulated, the median leaves incurved, not recurved as S. KYaussiana, and are nearly entire.

Index of Plants recorded in this article.

(Plants new to the Flora of Japan are marked by asterisk).

(I) Polypodiaceae...... 176 Mertensia spissa var. pubi- Physematium ...... 176 gera, comb, nov...... i8o Physematium manchuriense, (III) Schizaeaceae ...... 182 comb. nov...... 176 Lygodium microstachyum ... 182 *Vittaria formosana, sp. nov. 176 (IV) Salviniaceae ...... 183 Woodsia sect. Acrolysis, sect. Azolla africana ...... 184 nov...... 176 Azolla caroliniana...... 185 (II) Gleicheniaceae ...... 177 Azolla decomposita ...... 185 Gleichenia lanigera ...... I8o Azolla imbricata, comb. nov. 185 Mertensia ...... 177 Azolla japonica ...... 184 Mertensia crassifolia ...... 18o Azolla pinnata ...... 185 Mertensia dichotoma ...... 178 Azolla rubra ...... 185 Mertensia discolor ...... 181 (V) Marsileaceae ...... 185 Mertensia discolor var. line- Marsilea ...... 186 aris, comb. nov...... IS, Marsilea quadrifolia ...... 187 Mertensia ferruginea ...... 181 (VI) Ophioglossaceae ...... 191 Mertensia flexuosa ...... i8i Botrychium ...... 191 Mertensia glauca ...... 178 Botrychium lanuginosum var. Mertensia hawaiensis nom. leptostachyum, comb. nov. 192 nov...... i 8 i Botrychium robustum...... 192 Mertensia Hermanni ...... I8o Ophioderma ...... 192 Mertensia laevigata ...... 181 Ophioderma palmatum, comb. Mertensia laevissima, comb. nov...... 193 nov...... 182 Mertensia pteridifolia...... I8o Ophioderma pendulum ... 193 Mertensia rufinervis ...... 18o Ophioderma sect. Cheiro- Mertensia spissa ...... 18o glossa sect. nov...... 192 203 July, 1925] NAKA I-NO TES OF JAPANESE FERNS If

Ophioderma sect. Eu-Ophio- (VIII) Lycopodiaceae ...... I96 derma, sect. nov. ,,. I93 Lycopodium ...... I96 Ophioglossum I93 *Lycopodium clavatum var . Ophioglossum nipponicum, monostachyum ...... I98 nom. nov...... I93 *Lycopodium clavatum var. Ophioglossum peclunculatum I93 nipponicum, var. nov. .,. I97 (VII) Equisetaceae...... I94 *Lycopodium clavatum var. *Equisetum hiemale var. robustius, comb. nov. ... I97 Sch 1eich eri...... I94 *Lycopodium clavatum var. Equisetum limosum var. Wallichianum ...... I98 aphyllum...... I95 Lycopodium complanatum... 198 *Equisetum limosum var. Lycopodium lucidulum ... I99 verticillatum ,,. ,.. I95 *Lycopodium serratum f. *Equisetum palustre var. intermedium, nov...... 196 japonicum, var. nov. ,,. I94 *Lycopodium Wightianum ,., 200 *Equisetum palustre var. (IX) Selaginellaceae ,...... 200 ramulosum...... I94 Selaginella ,.. ... ,.. ... 200 Equisetum ramosissimum Selaginella japonica ...... 202 var. japonicum ...... I95 Selaginella philippics...... 20! *Equisetum ramosissimum var. glaucum, var. nov.... I95

In the Botanical Laboratory of the 'Museum d'Histoire Naturelle cle Paris'. Feb. 1925.