Some Linguistic Variations of Bemba
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Chapter One Introduction
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Overview The lubricant sub-sector of the downstream industry is one with so many potential that is capable of being a major source of revenue earner for the country, and has grown over the years with increase in the number of second hand passenger and commercial vehicles in the country calling for more frequent lubricant changes. Though Nigeria has an installed lubricant capacity of 600, 000 metric tonnes the current demand is 700 million litres which is about 1% of global demand. The lubricants market is driven by various steps being taken by government such as initiatives to increase the ease of doing business to boost manufacturing sector activities and the Nigeria Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) to emphasize investment in infrastructure. With the increase of import duty on finished lubricants to 30% and the recent 7.5 percent VAT on finished lubes in the country, the sectors have been opened up for further investment and the proposed project considered in this study is set to explore the given opportunity. Though there are presently 34 lube blending plants in Nigeria, only two of these (5.9%) are located in the south- south region of the country (DPR, 2020). This proposed lubricating oil blending plant project by Eraskon Nigeria Ltd is thus a private effort to support the government of Nigeria on how local production of lubricant can be increased to boost its domestic availability especially in the south-south region of the country. 1.2 Project Proponent Eraskon Nigeria Limited is a lubricant oil manufacturing company incorporated in Nigeria by the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) with RC No. -
Cover Page the Handle Holds Various Files of This Leiden University Dissertation. Author: Lima
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/85723 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Lima Santiago J. de Title: Zoonímia Histórico-comparativa: Denominações dos antílopes em bantu Issue Date: 2020-02-26 729 ANEXO 1: TABELA RECAPITULATIVA DAS PROTOFORMAS Nas protoformas provenientes do BLR (2003) e nas reconstruções de outros autores (majoritariamente, Mouguiama & Hombert, 2006), as classes nominais em negrito e sublinhadas, são sugestões da autora da tese. Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-bʊ́dʊ́kʊ́ °-bʊ́dʊ́gʊ́ (cl. 9/10, 12/13) °-cénda (cl. 12/13) Philantomba °-cótɩ́ monticola (cl. 12/13) *-kùengà > °-kùèngà (cl. 11/5, 7/8) °°-cécɩ/ °°-cétɩ (cl. 9/10, 12/13) *-pàmbı ́ °-pàmbɩ́ (cl. 9/10) °-dòbò Cephalophus (cl. 3+9/4, nigrifrons 5/6) *-pùmbɩ̀dɩ̀ °-pùmbèèdɩ̀ (cl. 9/10, 9/6) 730 Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-jʊ́mbɩ̀ (cl. 9/10, 3/4) °°-cʊ́mbɩ (cl. 9/10, 5/6, 7/8, 11/10) *-jìbʊ̀ °-tʊ́ndʊ́ Cephalophus (cl. 9/10) (cl. 9/10) silvicultor °°-bɩ́mbà °-bɩ̀mbà (cl. 9/10) °-kʊtɩ (cl. 9, 3) *-kʊ́dʊ̀pà/ °-bɩ́ndɩ́ *-kúdùpà (cl. 9/10, 7/8, (cl. 9/10) 3, 12/13) Cephalophus dorsalis °°-cíbʊ̀ °-pòmbɩ̀ (cl. 7/8) (cl. 9/10) °°-cʊmɩ >°-cʊmɩ́ °-gindà (cl. 9) Cephalophus (cl. 3/4) callipygus °°-cábè >°-cábà (cl. 9/10, 7/8) °°-bɩ̀jɩ̀ (cl. 9) 731 Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-bengeda >°-bèngédè °-cégé (cl.9/10) (cl. 9/10) °°-àngàdà >°-jàngàdà Cephalophus (cl. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Phonlab Annual Report
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley PhonLab Annual Report Title The Natural History of Verb-stem Reduplication in Bantu Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9ws0p3sx Journal UC Berkeley PhonLab Annual Report, 4(4) ISSN 2768-5047 Author Hyman, Larry M Publication Date 2008 DOI 10.5070/P79ws0p3sx eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2008) Submitted to Proceedings of 2nd Graz Conference on Reduplication, January 2008 The Natural History of Verb-Stem Reduplication in Bantu Larry M. Hyman University of California, Berkeley ABSTRACT In this study I present a comparative and historical analysis of “frequentative” Bantu verb-stem reduplication, many of whose variants have been described for a number of Eastern and Southern Bantu languages. While some languages have full-stem compounding, where the stem consists of the verb root plus any and all suffixes, others restrict the reduplicant to two syllables. Two questions are addressed: (i) What was the original nature of reduplication in Proto-Bantu? (ii) What diachronic processes have led to the observed variation? I first consider evidence that the frequentative began as full-stem reduplication, which then became restricted either morphologically (by excluding inflectional and ultimately derivational suffixes) and/or phonologically (by imposing a bisyllabic maximum size constraint). I then turn to the opposite hypothesis and consider evidence and motivations for a conflicting tendency to rebuild full-stem reduplication from the partial reduplicant. I end by attempting to explain why the partial reduplicant is almost always preposed to the fuller base. 1. Introduction As Ashton (1944:316) succinctly puts it, “REDUPLICATION is a characteristic of Bantu languages. -
Faithful Members Provide Feast Sermon Video Inspiration
Vol. 15, No. 7 www.ucg.org August 2009 News Faithful Members Provide Feast Cattle, the At a Glance Sermon Video Inspiration Church and Senior Pastor Appointed the Gospel: for British Isles Why Branding Ministerial Services, in conjunc- tion with Peter Hawkins and the min- Is Important istry in the British Isles, would like to announce the appointment of Paul for UCG Suckling as senior pastor for Britain. Mr. Suckling’s work will be focused ■ Two branding agencies on ministerial and congregational met with members of the development. In fulfilling this role he will work with Peter Hawkins, who Council of Elders Media manages the day-to-day work of the Committee along with Church in the British Isles and works with the National Council. key administrators at the Mr. Suckling is currently serving as home office on Sunday, the regional pastor for the northeast- July 19, to discuss how ern region in the United Sates and also pastors congregations in Portsmouth, the Church can be more New Hampshire, and Worcester, Mas- effective by developing sachusetts. A new regional pastor will be appointed for the northeastern a brand. Both agencies region later this year. In the meantime, are associated with the Mr. Suckling will continue to fill that position as well. Church. Four other local Jim Franks agencies are scheduled to present ideas on Aug. 6. GN Commentary Gets by Larry Salyer THREE BOYS read an article in Bonne Nouvelle, the French Good News magazine, in Kigali, Rwanda, on June 20 Over 40,000 Views (photos by Peter Eddington) Cattle have always been a valu- On June 26, the Media department by Peter Eddington Four Amazing Stories living righteously, when the odds are able possession, and no owner likes filmed a GN commentary by Clyde The stories of four members and against us? To hear the inspiring to see even one go missing. -
Fish, Various Invertebrates
Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations ................................................. -
Local Referenda on Fisheries Futures for Lake Tanganyika
RESEARCH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES ON LAKE TANGANYIKA GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/91 (En) GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/91(En) February 1999 BUILDING MANAGEMENT PARTNERSHIPS: LOCAL REFERENDA ON FISHERIES FUTURES FOR LAKE TANGANYIKA Edited By: J.E. Reynolds FINNISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bujumbura, February 1999 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other reports in the Research for the Management of the Fisheries on the Lake Tanganyika Project series are those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the Project. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or FINNIDA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. PREFACE The Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika project (LTR) became fully operational in January 1992. It is executed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Finnish International Development Agency (FINNIDA) and the Arab Gulf Program for the United Nations Development Organization (AGFUND). LTR's objective is the determination of the biological basis for fish production on Lake Tanganyika, in order to permit the formulation of a coherent lake-wide fisheries management policy for the four riparian States (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia). Particular attention is given to the reinforcement of the skills and physical facilities of the fisheries research units in all four beneficiary countries as well as to the build-up of effective coordination mechanisms to ensure full collaboration between the Governments concerned. -
Embracing Entrepreneurship
Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses Perkins Thesis and Dissertations Spring 5-15-2021 Embracing Entrepreneurship Naomy Sengebwila [email protected] Naomy Nyendwa Sengebwila Southern Methodist University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_ministry_etds Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, Folklore Commons, Food Security Commons, Food Studies Commons, Labor Economics Commons, Macroeconomics Commons, Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Regional Economics Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Social Justice Commons, Social Work Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Sengebwila, Naomy and Sengebwila, Naomy Nyendwa, "Embracing Entrepreneurship" (2021). Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses. 9. https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_ministry_etds/9 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Perkins Thesis and Dissertations at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. Embracing Entrepreneurship How Christian Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship can Lead to Sustainable Communities in Zambia and Globally Approved by: Dr. Hal Recinos/Dr. Robert Hunt ___________________________________ Advisors Dr. Hugo Magallanes ___________________________________ -
The Oxford Guide to the Bantu Languages
submitted for The Oxford Guide to the Bantu Languages Bantu languages: Typology and variation Denis Creissels (3rd draft, August 12 2019) 1. Introduction With over 400 languages, the Bantu family provides an excellent empirical base for typological and comparative studies, and is particularly well suited to the study of microvariation (cf. Bloom & Petzell (this volume), Marlo (this volume)). This chapter provides an overview of the broad typological profile of Bantu languages, and of the major patterns and parameters of variation within the family. Inheritance from Proto-Bantu and uninterrupted contact between Bantu languages are certainly responsible for their relative typological homogeneity. It is however remarkable that the departures from the basic phonological and morphosyntactic structure inherited from Proto-Bantu are not equally distributed across the Bantu area. They are typically found in zone A, and to a lesser degree in (part of) zones B to D, resulting in a relatively high degree of typological diversity in this part of the Bantu area (often referred to as ‘Forest Bantu’), as opposed to the relative uniformity observed elsewhere (‘Savanna Bantu’). Typologically, Forest Bantu can be roughly characterized as intermediate between Savanna Bantu and the languages grouped with Narrow Bantu into the Southern Bantoid branch of Benue-Congo. Kiessling (this volume) provides an introduction to the West Ring languages of the Grassfields Bantu group, the closest relative of Narrow Bantu. Departures from the predominant typological profile -
Twa of Zambia's Kafue Flats
Twa of 1 Zambia’s Kafue Flats Southern Province Itezhi -Tezhi District Linguistic Survey Report With recommendations for Bible translation strategy Richard Mukang’ombe Daka Josephat Salimo Hachibamba Kenneth S. Sawka Survey Dates December 11 th to 12 th 2012 August 1 st to 6 th 2013 June 11 th to 16 th 2014 2 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ......................................................................4 1.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................4 1.2. Terminology .................................................................................................................4 1.3. Historical Background ..................................................................................................4 1.4. Geographical locations ..................................................................................................7 1.5. Population ................................................................................................................... 13 1.6. Previous research ........................................................................................................ 15 1.7. Language borders and classification ............................................................................ 15 1.8. Social Pressures .......................................................................................................... 18 1.9. Livelihood.................................................................................................................. -
The Living Heritage of Traditional Names in Postcolonial Zambia
Osward Chanda PORTABLE INHERITANCE: THE LIVING HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL NAMES IN POSTCOLONIAL ZAMBIA MA Thesis in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Central European University Budapest June 2020 CEU eTD Collection PORTABLE INHERITANCE: THE LIVING HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL NAMES IN POSTCOLONIAL ZAMBIA by Osward Chanda (Zambia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest June 2020 PORTABLE INHERITANCE: THE LIVING HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL NAMES IN POSTCOLONIAL ZAMBIA by Osward Chanda (Zambia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest June 2020 PORTABLE INHERITANCE: THE LIVING HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL NAMES IN POSTCOLONIAL ZAMBIA by Osward Chanda (Zambia) Thesis submitted -
Southern Africa As a Phonological Area
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology/Linguistics "Speaking (of) Khoisan" A symposium reviewing African prehistory 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area Christfried Naumann & Hans-Jörg Bibiko [email protected] Quelle: Clements & Rialland ( 2008 : 37 ) Contents 1. Introduction 3-15 2. Procedure 16-19 3. Results: Kalahari Basin 20-28 4. Results: Southeastern Bantu 29-42 5. Results: Southern Africa 43-54 (6. Local and dependent features - excluded) 55-61 7. MDS and k-means 62-68 8. Summary 69 (9. Contact scenarios) 70-74 Acknowledgements 75 References 76-77 2 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area 1. Introduction Phonological similarities • large consonantal inventory (45 c.) • clicks • aspirated and ejective stops • dorsal affricate 3 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area 1. Introduction Phonological similarities • large consonantal inventory (50 c.) • clicks • aspirated, slack voiced, ejective and imploisve stops •(dorsal affricate) lateral obstruents • 4 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area 1. Introduction Phonological similarities • large consonantal inventory (68 c.) • (clicks) • aspirated, breathy and implosive stops • lateral obstruents 5 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area 1. Introduction Example: Distribution of ejectives/glottalized consonants Clements & Rialland (2008: 62) Maddieson (2013) 6 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa -
Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa
Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Quickworld Factoid Name : Central Africa Status : Region of Africa Land Area : 7,215,000 sq km - 2,786,000 sq mi Political Entities Sovereign Countries (19) Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo (DR) Congo (Republic) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Malawi Niger Nigeria Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia International Organizations Worldwide Organizations (3) Commonwealth of Nations La Francophonie United Nations Organization Continental Organizations (1) African Union Conflicts and Disputes Internal Conflicts and Secessions (1) Lybian Civil War Territorial Disputes (1) Sudan-South Sudan Border Disputes Languages Language Families (9) Bihari languages Central Sudanic languages Chadic languages English-based creoles and pidgins French-based creoles and pidgins Manobo languages Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins Prakrit languages Songhai languages © 2019 Quickworld Inc. Page 1 of 7 Quickworld Inc assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this document. The information contained in this document is provided on an "as is" basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Languages (485) Abar Acoli Adhola Aghem Ajumbu Aka Aka Akoose Akum Akwa Alur Amba language Ambele Amdang Áncá Assangori Atong language Awing Baali Babango Babanki Bada Bafaw-Balong Bafia Bakaka Bakoko Bakole Bala Balo Baloi Bambili-Bambui Bamukumbit