DOCSLIB.ORG

Glyphosate Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment FINAL REPORT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Glyphosate Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment FINAL REPORT SERA TR-052-22-03b Glyphosate Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment FINAL REPORT Submitted to: Paul Mistretta, COR USDA/Forest Service, Southern Region 1720 Peachtree RD, NW Atlanta, Georgia 30309 USDA Forest Service Contract: AG-3187-C-06-0010 USDA Forest Order Number: AG-43ZP-D-09-0031 SERA Internal Task No. 52-22 Submitted by: Patrick R. Durkin Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 8125 Solomon Seal Manlius, New York 13104 E-Mail: [email protected] Home Page: www.sera-inc.com March 25, 2011 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ......................................................................................................... xii ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS .............................................................. xiii COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................. xvi CONVERSION OF SCIENTIFIC NOTATION ........................................................................ xvii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... xviii 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Chemical Specific Considerations ....................................................................................... 1 1.2. General Considerations ........................................................................................................ 3 2. PROGRAMS DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Overview .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2. Chemical Description and Commercial Formulations ......................................................... 5 2.2.1. Chemical Description.................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2. Commercial Formulations ............................................................................................ 6 2.2.3. Classification of Formulations ...................................................................................... 9 2.2.3.1. Low Toxicity/High Confidence ........................................................................... 11 2.2.3.2. Low Toxicity/Medium Confidence ...................................................................... 11 2.2.3.3. Low Toxicity/Low Confidence ............................................................................ 11 2.2.3.4. Medium Toxicity/Medium Confidence ............................................................... 12 2.2.3.5. Medium Toxicity/Low Confidence...................................................................... 12 2.2.3.6. High Toxicity/High Confidence .......................................................................... 12 2.2.3.7. High Toxicity/Medium Confidence ..................................................................... 13 2.2.3.8. High Toxicity/Low Confidence ........................................................................... 13 2.2.3.9. Formulations Not Classified ................................................................................ 14 2.3. Application Methods ......................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1. Foliar Applications..................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2. Other Ground Applications ........................................................................................ 15 2.3.3. Aquatic Applications ................................................................................................. 16 2.4. Mixing and Application Rates .......................................................................................... 16 2.4.1. Foliar Applications..................................................................................................... 16 ii 2.4.2. Aquatic Applications ................................................................................................. 17 2.5. Use Statistics ..................................................................................................................... 17 3. HUMAN HEALTH .................................................................................................................. 19 3.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................ 19 3.1.1. Overview ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.2. Mechanism of Action .................................................................................................. 20 3.1.3. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism ............................................................................. 21 3.1.3.1. General Considerations ........................................................................................ 21 3.1.3.2. Dermal Absorption............................................................................................... 25 3.1.3.2.1. First-Order Dermal Absorption ..................................................................... 25 3.1.3.2.2. Zero-Order Dermal Absorption .................................................................... 26 3.1.3.3. Excretion .............................................................................................................. 27 3.1.4. Acute Oral Toxicity .................................................................................................... 27 3.1.4.1. Technical Grade Glyphosate ................................................................................ 27 3.1.4.2. Glyphosate Formulations ..................................................................................... 29 3.1.4.3. Surfactants ............................................................................................................ 32 3.1.4.3.1. Acute Oral Toxicity ...................................................................................... 32 3.1.4.3.2. Joint Action of Glyphosate and Surfactant ................................................... 32 3.1.4.4. Suicides and Suicide Attempts Involving Glyphosate Formulations .................. 36 3.1.5. Subchronic or Chronic Systemic Toxic Effects .......................................................... 38 3.1.5.1. Technical Grade Glyphosate ................................................................................ 38 3.1.5.2. Glyphosate Formulations ..................................................................................... 39 3.1.5.3. POEA Surfactant .................................................................................................. 39 3.1.6. Effects on Nervous System ......................................................................................... 40 3.1.6.1. Technical Grade Glyphosate ................................................................................ 41 3.1.6.2. Glyphosate Formulations ..................................................................................... 43 3.1.7. Effects on Immune System ......................................................................................... 45 3.1.7.1. Technical Grade Glyphosate ................................................................................ 45 3.1.7.2. Glyphosate Formulations ..................................................................................... 46 3.1.8. Endocrine Effects ........................................................................................................ 47 3.1.9. Reproductive and Developmental Effects .................................................................. 51 3.1.9.1. Developmental Studies ........................................................................................ 51 3.1.9.1.1. Glyphosate .................................................................................................... 51 3.1.9.1.2. Glyphosate Formulations .............................................................................. 52 iii 3.1.9.1.3. Surfactants ..................................................................................................... 54 3.1.9.2. Reproduction Studies ........................................................................................... 55 3.1.9.2.1. Laboratory Studies on Glyphosate ................................................................ 55 3.1.9.2.2. MON 0818 Surfactant ................................................................................... 56 3.1.9.2.3. Human Experience with Formulations ......................................................... 57 3.1.9.2.4. Field Studies in Mammals ............................................................................ 58 3.1.9.3. Effects on Testes and Testosterone ...................................................................... 59 3.1.10. Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity ...........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
    2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbicide Mode of Action Table High Resistance Risk
    Herbicide Mode of Action Table High resistance risk Chemical family Active constituent (first registered trade name) GROUP 1 Inhibition of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase (ACC’ase inhibitors) clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Agixa®*, Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold* Decision®*, Hoegrass®), Aryloxyphenoxy- fenoxaprop (Cheetah®, Gold*, Wildcat®), fluazifop propionates (FOPs) (Fusilade®), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) Cyclohexanediones (DIMs) butroxydim (Factor®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) Phenylpyrazoles (DENs) pinoxaden (Axial®) GROUP 2 Inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS inhibitors), acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) Imidazolinones (IMIs) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, Lightning®*, Midas®* OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) Pyrimidinyl–thio- bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) benzoates Sulfonylureas (SUs) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*, Trimac Plus®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron (Logran®, Logran® B-Power®*), tribenuron (Express®),
    [Show full text]
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
    Phenoxy Alkanoic Acids in Milk Using Modified QuEChERS Method Version 1 (last update: 10.04.14) Compound details The group of Phenoxy herbicides is subdivided in Phenoxyacetic herbicides (e.g. 4-CPA, 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4,5-T) Phenoxybutyric herbicides (e.g. 2,4-DB, MCPB) Phenoxypropionic herbicides (e.g. dichlorprop, fenoprop, mecoprop) Aryloxyphenoxypropionic herbicides (e.g. diclofop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, quizalofop) altogether 49 different compounds [4]. As representatives of the group the following four herbicides were validated for milk. 2,4-D Haloxyfop O N O F OH Cl O OH Cl O F F O Cl Dichlorprop Fluazifop O N O F OH Cl O OH O F F O Cl Residue definition (commodity group AO): 2,4-D (sum of 2,4-D and its esters expressed as 2,4-D) Dichlorprop: sum of dichlorprop (including dichlorprop-P) and its conjugates, expressed as dichlorprop Fluazifop-P-butyl (fluazifop acid (free and conjugate)) Haloxyfop including Haloxyfop-R: Haloxyfop-R and conjugates of haloxyfop-R expressed as haloxyfop-R EU Reference Laboratory for Pesticides Requiring Single Residue Methods Page 1 CVUA Stuttgart, Schaflandstr. 3/2, 70736 Fellbach, Germany [email protected] Extraction method: Analysis is performed applying QuEChERS extraction: Weigh 10 g milk, add 10 mL acetoni- trile, shake 15 min. (GenoGrinder), add citrat-salt mix, shake 1 min. (GenoGrinder), centri- fuge --> raw extract, As expected, the acidic phenoxy alkanoic acids show reduced recoveries when a PSA clean- up is performed: Mean recovery in % (0.1ppm) Compound after PSA-cleanup 2.4-D 47 2.4-DP (Dichlorprop)
    [Show full text]
  • How Herbicides Work: Biology to Application (Agdex 606-2)
    How Herbicides Work Biology to Application Linda Hall Agriculture Research Division Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Hugh Beckie Thomas M. Wolf Saskatoon Research Centre Saskatoon Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Disclaimer While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development does not accept responsibility for errors or ommissions. It remains the responsibility of the readers to follow product information contained on the product label or package insert. The publisher, editor and all contributors to this publication cannot be held responsible for publication errors or any consequence resulting from the use of this publication. Published by: Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Information Management 7000 - 113 Street Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6H 5T6 Editors: Chris Kaulbars and Gerard Vaillancourt Graphic Designer: John Gillmore Electronic Composition: Sherrill Strauss and J.A. Serafinchon Photographs: Beth Hoar – Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development David Wall – Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Tom Wolf – Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Dow AgroSciences Copyright © 1999. All rights reserved by Her Majesty the Queen in the right of Alberta. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without written permission from Information Management, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development. Tables/chemical
    [Show full text]
  • Herbicide Strategies for Managing Glyphosate-Resistant and Susceptible Kochia (Bassia Scoparia) in Spring Wheat
    Canadian Journal of Plant Science Herbicide strategies for managing glyphosate-resistant and susceptible kochia (Bassia scoparia) in spring wheat Journal: Canadian Journal of Plant Science Manuscript ID CJPS-2020-0303.R1 Manuscript Type:ForArticle Review Only Date Submitted by the 17-Jan-2021 Author: Complete List of Authors: Torbiak, Alysha; Hamman Ag Research Inc. Blackshaw, Robert; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Brandt, Randall; Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Hamman, Bill; Hamman Ag Research Inc. Geddes, Charles; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada glyphosate resistance, herbicide resistance, herbicide stewardship, Keywords: <i>Bassia scoparia</i>, <i>Kochia scoparia</i> Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue?: © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 34 Canadian Journal of Plant Science Herbicide strategies for managing glyphosate-resistant and susceptible kochia (Bassia scoparia) in spring wheat Alysha T. Torbiak, Robert E. Blackshaw, Randall N. Brandt, Bill Hamman, and Charles M. Geddes* Charles M. Geddes, Randall N. Brandt, and Robert E. Blackshaw. Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada, LethbridgeFor Research Review and Development Centre,Only 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Alysha T. Torbiak, and Bill Hamman. Hamman Ag Research Inc. 347 Squamish Court West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 7R8, Canada. *Corresponding author: Charles M. Geddes (email: [email protected]) ORCID iD: Charles M. Geddes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-224X 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Plant Science Page 2 of 34 Abstract Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] is a summer-annual tumbleweed that is tolerant of heat, drought and salinity, and capable of causing large yield losses in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L).
    [Show full text]
  • List of Herbicide Groups
    List of herbicides Group Scientific name Trade name clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*, Hoegrass®), fenoxaprop (Cheetah® Gold* , Wildcat®), A Aryloxyphenoxypropionates fluazifop (Fusilade®, Fusion®*), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) butroxydim (Falcon®, Fusion®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim A Cyclohexanediones (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) A Phenylpyrazoles pinoxaden (Axial®) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, B Sulfonylureas Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron, (Logran®, Logran® B Power®*), tribenuron (Express®), trifloxysulfuron (Envoke®, Krismat®*) florasulam (Paradigm®*, Vortex®*, X-Pand®*), flumetsulam B Triazolopyrimidines (Broadstrike®), metosulam (Eclipse®), pyroxsulam (Crusader®Rexade®*) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®,), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, B Imidazolinones Lightning®*, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) B Pyrimidinylthiobenzoates bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) C Amides: propanil (Stam®) C Benzothiadiazinones: bentazone (Basagran®,
    [Show full text]
  • PESTICIDES Criteria for a Recommended Standard
    CRITERIA FOR A RECOMMENDED STANDARD OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DURING THE MANUFACTURE AND FORMULATION OF PESTICIDES criteria for a recommended standard... OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DURING THE MANUFACTURE AND FORMULATION OF PESTICIDES * U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Center for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health July 1978 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 DISCLAIMER Mention of company names or products does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-174 PREFACE The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 emphasizes the need for standards to protect the health and provide for the safety of workers occupationally exposed to an ever-increasing number of potential hazards. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has implemented a formal system of research, with priorities determined on the basis of specified indices, to provide relevant data from which valid criteria for effective standards can be derived. Recommended standards for occupational exposure, which are the result of this work, are based on the effects of exposure on health. The Secretary of Labor will weigh these recommendations along with other considerations, such as feasibility and means of implementation, in developing regulatory standards. Successive reports will be presented as research and epideiriologic studies are completed and as sampling and analytical methods are developed. Criteria and standards will be reviewed periodically to ensure continuing protection of workers. The contributions to this document on pesticide manufacturing and formulating industries by NIOSH staff members, the review consultants, the reviewer selected by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), other Federal agencies, and by Robert B.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT Germany Tel +49 (0)30 536 53 800 Fax +49 (0)30 536 53 888
    Cicerostr. 24 D-10709 Berlin REPORT Germany Tel +49 (0)30 536 53 800 Fax +49 (0)30 536 53 888 www.kompetenz-wasser.de Diffuse trace contaminants with relevance for drinking water production in rural and semi-rural areas Project acronym: AQUISAFE 1 by Lenore Tedesco, Bob E. Hall, Robert C. Barr Center for Earth and Environmental Science Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University – Purdue University, Indianapolis and Andreas Matzinger, Adrien Morel-Fatio Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH Preparation of this report was financed in part through funds provided by Indianapolis, USA & Berlin, Germany 2009 © Copyright 2009 by the KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention or the Protection of Literacy and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. Important Legal Notice Disclaimer: The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. KWB disclaims liability to the full extent for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of application, or reliance on this document. KWB disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. It is expressly pointed out that the information and results given in this publication may be out of date due to subsequent modifications. In addition, KWB disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Name Or Designation Chemical Name Common And
    Common Name or Designation Chemical Name isouron (i-so- u-ron) N'-[5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-3-isoxazolyl] -N,iV-dimethylurea isoxaben (i-'sok-a-ben) /V-[3-(l-ethyl-l-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyl] -2,6-dimethoxybenzamide karbutilate (kar- 'bu-ta-lat) 3-[[(dimethylamino)carbonylJ amino] phenyl (l,l-dimethylethyl)carbamate linuron (lin-u-ron) N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-/V-methoxy-A/-methylurea MAA methylarsonic acid MAMA monoammonium salt of MAA MCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid MCPB 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butanoic acid mecoprop (Ynek-o-prop)^ (±)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid mefluidide (me- floo-i-did) N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[ [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyll amino] phenyl] acetamide metham ( meth-am) methylcarbamodithioic acid methazole ( meth-a-zol) 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione metolachlor (ma- tol-a-klor) 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-A/-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide metribuzin ('me-tri- 'bu-zan) 4-amino-6-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-l,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one metsulfuron (met-'sul-fu-ron) 2-[[ [ [(4-methoxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] benzoic acid MH l,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione molinate ( mo-lin-at) S-ethyl hexahydro-lH-azepine-l-carbothioate monuron TCA ( mon-u-ron) Salt of monuron and TCA MSMA monosodium salt of MAA napropamide (na-pro-pa-mid) /V,N-diethyl-2-(l-naphthalenyloxy)propanamide naptalam ('nap-ta-lam) 2-[(l-naphthalenylamino)carbonyl] benzoic acid nitrofen ( ni-tro-fen) 2,4-dichloro-l-(4-nitrophenqxy)benzene norea (nor- e-a)
    [Show full text]
  • Notice of Receipt of Requests to Voluntarily Cancel Certain Pesticide Registrations and Amend Registrations to Terminate Certain
    Prepublication Copy Notice: The Director of the Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division in the Office of Pesticide Programs signed the following Federal Register document on June 29, 2015: Title: Notice of Receipt of Requests to Voluntarily Cancel Certain Pesticide Registrations and Amend Registrations to Terminate Certain Uses FRL: 9928-54 Docket No.: EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0296 This is a prepublication version of the document that EPA is submitting for publication in the Federal Register. While the Agency has taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this prepublication version of the document, it is not the official version of the document for purposes of public comment or judicial review. Please refer to the official version of the document that will appear in a forthcoming Federal Register publication, which is currently expected to occur within 10 work days of the signature date. Once the official version of the document publishes in the Federal Register, the prepublication version of the document posted on the agency’s internet will be replaced with a link to the document that appears in the Federal Register publication. At that time, you will also be able to access the on-line docket for this Federal Register document at http://www.regulations.gov. For further information about the docket and, if applicable, instructions for commenting, please consult the ADDRESSES section in the front of the Federal Register document. BILLING CODE 6560-50-P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0296; FRL-9928-54] Notice of Receipt of Requests to Voluntarily Cancel Certain Pesticide Registrations and Amend Registrations to Terminate Certain Uses AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Multiresidue Method for Analysis of Acidic Pesticides in Cereals with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    Development of a Multiresidue Method for Analysis of Acidic Pesticides in Cereals with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Lena Östlund Master Thesis, 30.0 Credits Degree of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering Supervisor Tuija Pihlström National Food Administration, Uppsala Examiner Simon Dunne Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna Abstract A new method for analysis of acidic herbicides, mostly phenoxy acids and their esters, in cereals with liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LS-MS/MS) has been developed. Samples were hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide in order to release covalently bound compounds followed by neutralization and finally extraction with acidified ethyl acetate. The extraction efficiency for both ester formulations and acids were studied. Acceptable results (70-120 %) were obtained for 2,4-D, dichlorprop, MCPA and mecoprop for both esters and acids. However, low recoveries were observed for ester formulations of dicamba, fluroxypyr, fluazifop and haloxyfop, possibly due to the complex structure of the compounds in combination with the matrix and/or incomplete hydrolysis step. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for targeted pesticides was 0.01 mg/kg. The method has been tested in the EU Proficiency Test for cereals with good results. 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.1. Background ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 57518 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 216 / Wednesday, November 6, 1996 / Rules and Regulations
    57518 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 216 / Wednesday, November 6, 1996 / Rules and Regulations ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION implement certain pollution prevention, (BPT), §§ 455.43 and 455.63 (BCT), and AGENCY recycle and reuse practices. Facilities §§ 455.44 and 455.64 (BAT) are choosing and implementing the established in the National Pollutant 40 CFR Part 455 pollution prevention alternative will Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) receive a discharge allowance. permits. [FRL±5630±9] The final rule will benefit the ADDRESSES: For additional technical RIN 2040±AC21 environment by removing toxic information write to Ms. Shari H. pollutants (pesticide active ingredients Zuskin, Engineering & Analysis Division Pesticide Chemicals Category, and priority pollutants) from water (4303), U.S. EPA, 401 M Street SW, Formulating, Packaging and discharges that have adverse effects on Washington, D.C. 20460 or send e-mail Repackaging Effluent Limitations human health and aquatic life. EPA has to: [email protected] or call Guidelines, Pretreatment Standards, estimated the compliance costs and at (202) 260±7130. For additional and New Source Performance economic impacts expected to result economic information contact Dr. Lynne Standards from the Zero Discharge/Pollution Tudor at the address above or by calling Prevention Alternative (i.e., Zero/P2 AGENCY: Environmental Protection (202) 260±5834. Agency. Alternative). The Agency has determined that the Zero/P2 Alternative The complete record (excluding ACTION: Final rule. will result in a similar removal of toxic confidential business information) for this rulemaking is available for review SUMMARY: This final regulation limits pound equivalents per year at EPA's Water Docket; 401 M Street, the discharge of pollutants into (approximately 7.6 million toxic pound SW, Washington, DC 20460.
    [Show full text]