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Tese Evandro La Macchia FINAL.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE - UFF ESCOLA DE ENGENHARIA DOUTORADO EM SISTEMAS DE GESTÃO SUSTENTÁVEIS - PPSIG EVANDRO LA MACCHIA DA SILVA INTEGRAÇÃO VERTICAL E INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA INDÚSTRIA DO PETRÓLEO NO BRASIL: DILEMAS E PERSPECTIVAS Niterói, RJ 2017 EVANDRO LA MACCHIA DA SILVA INTEGRAÇÃO VERTICAL E INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA INDÚSTRIA DO PETRÓLEO NO BRASIL: DILEMAS E PERSPECTIVAS Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis da Escola de Engenharia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção de título de Doutor em Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis. Área de concentração: Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis Linha de Pesquisa: Gestão da Organização Sustentável Projeto de Pesquisa: Estratégia para Sustentabilidade Organizacional Orientadores: Professores Dr. JACOB BINSZTOK e Dr. LUÍS PEREZ ZOTES Versão original Niterói, RJ 2017 Ficha Catalográfica S 586i Silva, Evandro La Macchia da. Integração vertical e internacionalização da indústria do petróleo no Brasil: dilemas e perspectivas / Evandro La Macchia da Silva. – 2017. 143 f. Tese (Doutorado em Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis) - Universidade Federal Fluminense. Escola de Engenharia – 2017. Orientadores: Jacob Binsztok e Luis Peres Zotes. 1. Indústria petrolífera. 2. Internacionalização. 3. Integração vertical. I. Título. CDD 338.27282 EVANDRO LA MACCHIA DA SILVA INTEGRAÇÃO VERTICAL E INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA INDÚSTRIA DO PETRÓLEO NO BRASIL: DILEMAS E PERSPECTIVAS Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis da Escola de Engenharia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção de título de Doutor em Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis. Área de concentração: Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis Linha de Pesquisa: Gestão da Organização Sustentável Projeto de Pesquisa: Estratégia para Sustentabilidade Organizacional Aprovada em 02 de outubro de 2017. BANCA EXAMINADORA ______________________________________________ Professor Dr. Jacob Binsztok - UFF Orientador _____________________________________________ Professor Dr. Luís Perez Zotes– UFF Orientador _________________________________________________ Professor Dr. Julio Cesar Wasserman – UFF ________________________________________________ Professor Dr. Fernando Aiube _________________________________________________ Professor Dr. Edmar Luiz Fagundes de Almeida _________________________________________________ Professor Dr. Raad Yahya Qassim AGRADECIMENTOS A DEUS, autor e orientador da minha vida. Encontrei nos meus orientadores Jacob Binsztok e Luís Perez Zotes professores com longa e sólida envergadura acadêmica, que me deram, a partir de pontos de vista de suas distintas áreas de conhecimento, as visões interdisciplinares que necessitava para a realização da pesquisa.Agradeço por suas inteligentes provocações e intervenções sem as quais não teria estruturado e refinado o presente trabalho. O professor Julio Cesar Wasserman esteve presente em todas as fases do doutorado. Desde o estímulo a inicia-lo até sua importante colaboração na fase final de revisão deste trabalho. Companheiro, incentivadore colaborador incansável nas lutas com as publicações. Julio Wasserman foi um mestre que encontrei na jornada, mestre na mais ampla, altae profunda definição do termo. Ao amigo Dr. Lideniro Alegre incentivador ao retorno à vida acadêmica e porto seguro para discussões sobre a indústria de petróleo brasileira, em particular a Petrobras, indústria e empresa que conhece como poucos. No programa PPSIG encontrei a segura, competente e tão necessária gestão de seus coordenadores, os professores Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas e Gilson Brito Alves Lima, bem como o apoio sempre presente de sua dedicada e eficaz equipe. Com o agradecimento à professora Leticia Helena Medeiros Veloso, pelas suas brilhantes aulas durante as quais foi me dada a oportunidade de ver o mundo com um olhar mais erudito, quero reconhecer toda a equipe de docentes do programa de doutorado PPSIG. As empresas Shell e Petrobras pela oportunidade de dedicar a maior parte de minha vida profissional, quer seja trabalhando por todo este gigante Brasil ou com diferentes países espalhados nos cinco continentes. Antes de realizar a pesquisa acadêmica foi me dada a oportunidade de pisar no solo a ser estudado e isto devo principalmente a estas empresas. Agradeço àminha família. À minha esposa Ângela, incansável apoiadora deste longo período de imersão e busca de ampliação de conhecimento. Se cheguei ao fim da jornada, devo muito isto à Ângela. Meus filhos Isabel e Daniel com quem compartilhei os desafios de suas recentes graduações no Direito, foram incansáveis em apoiar o pai nesta jornada. Diferente do esforço do mestrado, no doutorado tive a proximidade de meus pais, o que muito me ajudou. Finalmente agradeço a FAPERJ pela bolsa n.º 101.698/2014. “E não vos conformeis a este mundo, mas transformai- vos pela renovação da vossa mente, para que experimenteis qual seja a boa, agradável, e perfeita vontade de Deus. ” (Romanos 12:2) RESUMO Esta tese trata da questão da internacionalização da empresa de petróleo no Brasil. O tema ganha maiores dimensões nas discussões devido ao advento das descobertas nas áreas exploratórias do pré-sal. O expressivo tamanho das descobertas poderá colocar a indústria de petróleo brasileira e o seu quase único operador, a Petrobrás, na posição de grande exportador de óleo cru. O modelo exportador de matéria prima bruta não parece ser a melhor estratégia tanto para o país quanto para o maior ícone da indústria nacional de petróleo, a Petrobras.A partir de um estudo da indústria nacional de petróleo a tese formulará uma proposta de estratégia de gestão via a internacionalização verticalmente integrada para esta indústria, em particular para a grande empresa nacional. Também será feita uma análise comparativa de grandes empresas, suas estratégias e forma de operação, empresas de outras nacionalidades, de capital estatal, privado ou misto, internacionalizadas desde o seu nascimento ou em francos processos de internacionalização, onde a atuação em países diferentes das suas sedes é um objetivo estratégico. Finalmente será analisada uma iniciativa de internacionalização que foi a aquisição da empresa japonesa, NSS Nansei Sekiyu KK, pela Petrobras em 2008. A aquisição no Japão por empresa de capital latino-americano foi inédita na história daquele país. A metodologia utilizada é de uma pesquisa qualitativa. O estudo concluirá que existe uma tendência histórica da grande empresa de petróleo no uso de estratégia de internacionalização via integração vertical de suas operações e que tal estratégia poderia ser adotada pela empresa nacional, porém, em meio a tensões e dilemas de decisões influenciadas pelo político social e pelo pensamento empresarial. Palavras-Chave: Indústria de Petróleo. Internacionalização Brasileira. Integração Vertical. ABSTRACT This thesis addresses the issue of internationalization of companies in the oil company in Brazil. The subject analyzed gained ground in discussions of this industry, with the advent of new discoveries in the areas of exploration, the areas of presalt. A future seems to be approaching a future when new discoveries will bring the Brazilian oil industry, notably its highest representative and almost totally dominant one, Petrobras, to a position of net exporter of crude oil. The raw material export model does not seem to be the best strategy for both the country and the largest icon of the national oil industry, Petrobras. Through a study of the national oil industry, this thesis will propose a strategy of internationalization by operational vertical integration of the national industry. Analysis will also be made of other companies, strategies and mode of operation, companies from other countries, and state, private or private and state capital, internationalized since birth or going through internationalization processes, where the operations in different countries of these headquarters are the objective of their organizations. Finally one case of internationalization initiative will be studied, which was the acquisition of the Japanese company, NSS Nansei Sekiyu KK, by Petrobras in 2008. The acquisition of a company in Japan by a Latin American company was unprecedented in that country. The methodology for this theses is qualitative research. The study will conclude that there is a historical trend of the big petroleum company adopting the strategy of internationalization by vertical integration of its operations and that this strategy could be adopted by the national company. Keywords: Oil Industry. Brazilian Internationalization. Vertical Integration. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1: Localização e principais distâncias de Okiawa na Ásia do Pacífico, e ilhas do ... 115 Japão LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1. Capacidade de refino mundial. ............................................................................... 61 Tabela 2. Margens de refino mundiais. .................................................................................. 62 Tabela 3. Preços internacionais de óleo.................................................................................. 62 Tabela 4. Produção de petróleo no Oriente Médio. ................................................................ 64 Tabela 5. Consumo de petróleo no Oriente Médio. ................................................................ 64 Tabela 6. Produção de óleo e capacidade de refino de empresas estatais em 1990 e 1995. ... 66 (1000 barris/dia) Tabela 7. Investimentos
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