DOCSLIB.ORG

Bilingüismo En Inmigrantes Adultos

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bilingüismo En Inmigrantes Adultos Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Bilingualism in Adult Adultos: Conceptos Immigrants: Foundational Fundamentales y Concepts and Pedagogical Experiencias Pedagógicas Experiences Angelmiro Galindo, Ph.D. Universidad del Quindío Armenia-Colombia Clarena Larrotta, Ph.D. Texas State University San Marcos-United States Catalogación en la publicación – Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia Galindo Martínez, Angelmiro Bilingüismo en inmigrantes adultos: conceptos fundamentales y experiencias pedagógicas = Bilingualism in adult immigrants: foundational concepts and pedagogical experiences / Angelmiro Galindo Martínez, Clarena Larrotta. -- Armenia : Editorial Kinesis, 2018. 207 p. Incluye datos biográficos de los autores y glosario. -- Contiene bibliografía. -- Texto bilingüe: español, inglés. ISBN 978-958-8952-85-7 1. Bilingüismo – Enseñanza - Estudiantes extranjeros 2. Enseñanza bilingüe - Estudiantes extranjeros 3. Lenguaje y lenguas - Enseñanza bilingüe I. Larrotta, Clarena II. Título CDD: 404.2 ed. 23 CO-BoBN– a1038142 © Angelmiro Galindo - Clarena Larrotta Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Adultos: Conceptos Fundamentales y Experiencias Pedagógicas Bilingualism in Adult Immigrants: Foundational Concepts and Pedagogical Experiences Derechos Reservados ISBN: 978-958-8952-85-7 Publicación: Diciembre 2018 Impresión: 200 ejemplares Diseño y Diagramación Electrónica: Editorial Kinesis Impreso por: Editorial Kinesis Carrera 25 No. 18-12 Armenia - Colombia Teléfonos: (6) 740 9155 - 3127672797 E-mail: [email protected] www.kinesis.com.co Impreso en Colombia / Printed in Colombia Hecho el Depósito Legal en cumplimiento con la Ley 44 de 1993. Decreto 460 de 1995 Todos los Derechos Reservados Cada autor es responsable del contenido de su texto. No está permitida la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, la recopilación en un sistema informático, ni la reproducción por cualquier medio o procedimiento, sin el permiso previo y por escrito de sus autores. Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Adultos / Bilingualism in Adult Immigrants AUTORES ANGELMIRO GALINDO es docente en las áreas de Bilingüismo, francés e investigación en lengua extranjera, del programa de Licenciatura en Lenguas Modernas con énfasis en Inglés y Francés de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad del Quindío, Colombia. Doctor en Lingüística, área Bilingüismo y educación bilingüe, de la Universidad Laval de Quebec, Canadá. Código Orcid (Open Researcher and Contribution ID) No. 0000-0003-1890-5847. Líder del Grupo de Investigación en Bilingüismo (GIB) de la Universidad del Quindío, categoría B de Colciencias (2017-2019). Autor de libros y artículos sobre el desarrollo del bilingüismo de infancia y de la edad adulta en contexto escolar. Ponente en eventos académicos en Colombia, México y Canadá. Sus temas de investigación, en la actualidad, son: (1) Cognición y desarrollo de competencias bilingües, (2) Didáctica del bilingüismo y diversidad cultural y (3) Políticas educativas colombianas y evaluación de la implementación de programas de bilingüismo en lengua extranjera. CLARENA LARROTTA has a Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction in the area of Bilingual Education from The University of Texas at Austin (USA). Currently, she is a Professor at Texas State University, San Marcos, in the Counseling, Leadership, Adult Education, and School Psychology Department. Her research agenda investigates issues of language-culture and equity and access relevant to Latina/o and language minority students, their families and communities. Specifically, her research interests focus on adult English as a second language, adult literacy, and family literacy. She designs qualitative research studies that incorporate best teaching practices and action research principles using a Freirean participatory approach. Larrotta’s publications consist of books, refereed journal articles, and book chapters on adult learning and ESL topics. v Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Adultos / Bilingualism in Adult Immigrants ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to recognize the work of the bilingual adult immigrant learners, graduate students, and teachers who participated in the research projects described in this book. Hopefully, in describing their participation and learning, we have made justice to their efforts learning and teaching a second language-culture. After all, the main goal of this volume is to inform and inspire learners, teachers, practitioners, and researchers to continue to promote bilingualism in adult immigrant learners. This book is the result of international collaboration between two researchers and their institutions. Therefore, we would like to acknowledge the support that our institutions, Universidad del Quindío and Texas State University, provided for the completion of this volume. In their commitment to leadership, teaching, research, and service, both institutions are student-centered and firm advocates of diversity of people and ideas, inclusiveness, global perspective and internationalization. This shared philosophy of education allowed for the book authors to come together to realize the conceptualization, analysis, and writing of this volume. vii Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Adultos / Bilingualism in Adult Immigrants CONTENIDO LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................... xv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................... xvii FOREWORD .................................................................................. xix CAPÍTULO 1 ASPECTOS CONTEXTUALES DE LA OBRA Estilo Lingüístico de Escritura ........................................................ 23 Scope ............................................................................................... 25 Estructura ........................................................................................ 28 Conceptual Framework ................................................................... 30 Sustento Investigativo ..................................................................... 31 PARTE I CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL BILINGÜISMO: CONCEPTOS FUNDAMENTALES CAPÍTULO 2 BILINGÜISMO EN EL SIGLO XXI Y PERSPECTIVAS TEÓRICAS Factores de Expansión del Bilingüismo en el Siglo XXI ................. 38 Perspectivas Teóricas del Bilingüismo ............................................ 41 Etimología y semántica .............................................................. 42 ix Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Adultos / Bilingualism in Adult Immigrants Aportes de la lingüística ........................................................... 44 Aproximación teórica interdisciplinaria ................................... 50 Propuesta de definición holística del bilingüismo ...................... 55 Conclusión ....................................................................................... 58 Actividades Cognoscitivas de Consolidación de Conocimientos Adquiridos ....................................................................................... 60 Actividades para recordar conocimiento ................................... 60 Actividades para evaluar conocimiento ..................................... 60 Actividades para crear conocimiento ......................................... 61 CAPÍTULO 3 DIMENSIONES DE LA BILINGUALIDAD Aproximación Teórica a la Bilingualidad ........................................ 63 Dimensiones Psicolingüísticas de la Bilingualidad ......................... 66 Organización cognitiva del bilingüe ......................................... 66 Competencia alcanzada en ambas lenguas ................................ 71 Habilidad bilingüe receptiva y productiva ................................. 74 Edad y contexto de inicio al bilingüismo .................................. 77 Dimensiones Sociolingüísticas de la Bilingualidad ......................... 79 Estatus sociocultural de las lenguas ......................................... 79 Pertenencia e identidad cultural ................................................ 82 Presencia o ausencia de la comunidad de ambas lenguas ........ 84 Conclusión ....................................................................................... 86 Actividades Cognoscitivas de Consolidación de Conocimientos Adquiridos ....................................................................................... 88 Actividades para recordar conocimientos .................................. 88 Actividades para evaluar conocimiento ..................................... 89 Actividades para crear conocimiento ......................................... 90 x Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Adultos / Bilingualism in Adult Immigrants PARTE II EXPERIENCIAS PEDAGÓGICAS: INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA DEL BILINGÜISMO EN EL ADULTO INMIGRANTE CAPÍTULO 4 CONSOLIDACIÓN DE LA BILINGUALIDAD DEL INMIGRANTE ADULTO Inmigración Humana Internacional: Una Visión General ............... 94 Caracterización Psicosociolingüística de la Bilingualidad del Inmigrante Adulto ...................................................................... 97 Generalidades Psicosociales del Inmigrante Adulto Bilingüe ....... 102 Identidad del Adulto en Formación Bilingüe................................. 104 Conclusión ..................................................................................... 107 Preguntas para la Reflexión y Discusión ....................................... 108 CAPÍTULO 5 PAISAJES LINGÜÍSTICOS: NAVIGATING THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE Linguistic Landscape ..................................................................... 112 Methods .........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Language Visibility, Language Rights and Language Policy
    Language visibility, language rights and language policy. Findings by the Pan-South African Language Board on language rights complaints between 1997 and 2005 Theodorus du Plessis, University of the Free State, Bloomfontein, South Africa 1 INTRODUCTION The context of this paper is the changing face of the South African linguistic landscape. Two of the central discourses regarding this matter concern the “need for change”, on the one hand, and the “need for redress”, on the other. The need for change is reflected in the following quote from Sachs (1994:8): I think many people have failed to understand the full significance of the move from bilingualism to multilingualism. Bilingualism is relatively easy. It is everything times two and you can officialise everything and you can establish policies based on fluency in two languages for the whole country. Multilingualism is not bilingualism multiplied by five and a half. It does not mean that every road sign must be in 11 languages – we will not see the streets – and to give examples like that is to trivialise the deep content of multilingualism [own emphasis]. Essentially, the “need for change” involves a change from bilingual to multilingual. The pictures in Figure 1 illustrate this aspect of the changing linguistic landscape. The picture on the left was taken at the Mangaung Local Municipality in Bloemfontein, the central city of South Africa, while the one on the right was taken at the border between the Eastern Cape Province and the Northern Cape Province. The photograph on the left depicts a typical bilingual sign from the pre-1994 era, displaying Afrikaans and English.
    [Show full text]
  • Frutiger (Tipo De Letra) Portal De La Comunidad Actualidad Frutiger Es Una Familia Tipográfica
    Iniciar sesión / crear cuenta Artículo Discusión Leer Editar Ver historial Buscar La Fundación Wikimedia está celebrando un referéndum para reunir más información [Ayúdanos traduciendo.] acerca del desarrollo y utilización de una característica optativa y personal de ocultamiento de imágenes. Aprende más y comparte tu punto de vista. Portada Frutiger (tipo de letra) Portal de la comunidad Actualidad Frutiger es una familia tipográfica. Su creador fue el diseñador Adrian Frutiger, suizo nacido en 1928, es uno de los Cambios recientes tipógrafos más prestigiosos del siglo XX. Páginas nuevas El nombre de Frutiger comprende una serie de tipos de letra ideados por el tipógrafo suizo Adrian Frutiger. La primera Página aleatoria Frutiger fue creada a partir del encargo que recibió el tipógrafo, en 1968. Se trataba de diseñar el proyecto de Ayuda señalización de un aeropuerto que se estaba construyendo, el aeropuerto Charles de Gaulle en París. Aunque se Donaciones trataba de una tipografía de palo seco, más tarde se fue ampliando y actualmente consta también de una Frutiger Notificar un error serif y modelos ornamentales de Frutiger. Imprimir/exportar 1 Crear un libro 2 Descargar como PDF 3 Versión para imprimir Contenido [ocultar] Herramientas 1 El nacimiento de un carácter tipográfico de señalización * Diseñador: Adrian Frutiger * Categoría:Palo seco(Thibaudeau, Lineal En otros idiomas 2 Análisis de la tipografía Frutiger (Novarese-DIN 16518) Humanista (Vox- Català 3 Tipos de Frutiger y familias ATypt) * Año: 1976 Deutsch 3.1 Frutiger (1976)
    [Show full text]
  • Traffic Signs Manual
    Traffic Signs Manual – Chapter 8 – Chapter Signs Manual Traffic Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations provides the official detailed guidance Traffic on these matters. Part 1: Design (ISBN 978-0-11-553051-7, price £70) is for those Signs responsible for the design of temporary traffic management arrangements needed to facilitate maintenance activities or in response to temporary situations. Manual CHAPTER Part 2: Operations is for those responsible for planning, managing and participating in operations to implement, 8 maintain and remove temporary traffic management arrangements. Part 3: Update 20 16 16 Pa rt 3: Update Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations Part 3: Update ISBN 978-0-11-553510-9 2016 www.tso.co.uk 9 780115 535109 10426 DFT TSM Chapter 8 New Edition v0_2.indd 1-3 22/02/2017 15:53 Published by TSO (The Stationery Office) and available from: Online www.tsoshop.co.uk Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mail TSO PO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1GN Telephone orders/General enquiries: 0870 600 5522 Fax orders: 0870 600 5533 E-mail: [email protected] Textphone 0870 240 3701 TSO@Blackwell and other Accredited Agents Customers can also order publications from: TSO Ireland 16 Arthur Street, Belfast BT1 4GD Tel 028 9023 8451 Fax 028 9023 5401 5755 TSM Vol2 V0_5.indd 1 9/2/09 16:33:36 Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 8 Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations Part 3: Update Department for Transport/Highways England Department for Infrastructure
    [Show full text]
  • Book 1: Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual
    1 Book Ontario Traffic Manual March 2005 Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual Book 1 • Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual The Ontario Traffic Manual is directed to its primary Ontario users, traffic practitioners. The OTM incorporates current best practices in the Province of Ontario. The interpretations, recommendations and guidelines in Traffic Manual the Ontario Traffic Manual are intended to provide an understanding of traffic operations and they cover a broad range of traffic situations encountered in practice. They are based on many factors which may determine the specific design and operational effectiveness of traffic control systems. However, no manual can cover all contingencies or all cases encountered in the field. Therefore, field experience and knowledge of application are essential in Foreword deciding what to do in the absence of specific direction from the Manual itself and in overriding any The purpose of the Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM) recommendations in this Manual. is to provide information and guidance for transportation practitioners and to promote The traffic practitioner’s fundamental responsibility is uniformity of treatment in the design, application and to exercise engineering judgement and experience operation of traffic control devices and systems on technical matters in the best interests of the across Ontario. The objective is safe driving public and workers. Guidelines are provided in the behaviour, achieved by a predictable roadway OTM to assist in making those judgements, but they environment through the consistent, appropriate should not be used as a substitute for judgement. application of traffic control devices. Further purposes of the OTM are to provide a set of Design, application and operational guidelines and guidelines consistent with the intent of the Highway procedures should be used with judicious care and Traffic Act and to provide a basis for road authorities proper consideration of the prevailing to generate or update their own guidelines and circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistic Landscape on Campus in Japan— a Case Study of Signs in Kyushu University
    Intercultural Communication Studies XXIV(1) 2015 WANG Linguistic Landscape on Campus in Japan— A Case Study of Signs in Kyushu University Jing-Jing WANG Northwest A&F University, China; Kyushu University, Japan Abstract: This study examines multilingual university campus signs in Japan, a new attempt to expand the scope of linguistic landscape study. Based on the three dimensions put forward by Trumper-Hecht (2010) who sees linguistic landscape as a sociolinguistic- spatial phenomenon, this study brings linguistic landscape research into the context of multilingual campuses stimulated by internationalization, and intends to explore: how languages used in signs are regulated or planned in Japan, how the campus linguistic landscape is constructed and how the sign readers view the multilingual campus they are living in. The exploration of language policy concerning signs substantiates our understanding of the formation of campus linguistic landscape. The case study on the languages used in signs on Ito campus presents the features of the construction of campus linguistic landscape. On Ito campus of Kyushu University, bilingual Japanese-English signs compose the majority of campus signs, with Japanese language used as the dominant language. The questionnaire surveys students’ attitudes towards a multilingual campus. The results indicate that for their academic life, students value bilingual ability a lot; in their daily life, students maintain multilingual contact to a certain degree. The important languages chosen by the students are in conformity with the language usage in reality despite a difference in order. This study is a synchronic record of the construction of the campus linguistic landscape, thus it can be used as a basis for comparative and diachronic studies in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistic Landscape and Language Policies: a Comparative Study of Linköping University and ETH Zürich
    Linköping University Department of Culture and Communication Master’s Programme in Language and Culture in Europe Linguistic Landscape and Language Policies: A Comparative Study of Linköping University and ETH Zürich Author: Sonia Yavari Master’s Thesis 30 credits July 2012 Supervisor: Nigel Musk Examiner: Richard Hirsch This thesis is dedicated to my mother, Mahboubeh Basiri. Her support, encouragement, and constant love have sustained me throughout my life. I would not be who I am today without the motherly love and care of my mother. Table of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Linguistic Landscape ................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.1 Linguistic Landscape Methodology ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Analyses of the Effects of Bilingual Signs on Road Safety in Scotland – Final Report
    Published Project Report PPR589 Analyses of the effects of bilingual signs on road safety in Scotland – final report N Kinnear, S Helman, S Buttress, L Smith, E Delmonte, L Lloyd and B Sexton Transport Research Laboratory PROJECT REPORT PPR589 Analyses of the effects of bilingual signs on road safety in Scotland by N Kinnear, S Helman, S Buttress, L Smith, E Delmonte, L Lloyd and B Sexton (TRL) Client: Transport Scotland, Neil Wands Copyright Transport Research Laboratory December 2012 The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of Transport Scotland. Date Name Approved Project Lorna Pearce 09/02/2012 Manager Technical Shaun Helman 09/02/2012 Referee Published Project Report When purchased in hard copy, this publication is printed on paper that is FSC (Forestry Stewardship Council) and TCF (Totally Chlorine Free) registered. Contents Amendment Record This report has been issued and amended as follows Version Date Description Editor Technical Referee 1 12/11/2010 Draft report NK SH 226/01/2011 Draft report with minor amendments NK SH 3 23/11/11 Draft final report LP SH 4 09/02/12 Final report NK SH TRL PPR589 Published Project Report Contents List of Figures iv List of Tables v Executive summary vii Abstract 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Aim 4 1.3 Limitations 5 2 Methodology 6 2.1 Literature review 6 2.2 Analysis of accident data 6 2.3 Survey of drivers 6 2.4 Local authority interviews 7 2.5 Discussion 7 3 Literature Review 8 3.1 Bilingual road signs in Scotland 8 3.2 Driver information processing,
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Mexican Driver Understanding of Existing Traffic Control Devices Used in Texas
    Technical Report Documentation Page I. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/TX-97/1274-1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date ASSESSMENT OF MEXICAN DRIVER UNDERSTANDING OF November 1996 EXISTING TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES USED IN TEXAS 6. Perforn1ing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. H. Gene Hawkins, Jr., Dale L. Picha, Bret L. Mann, Charles R. Research Report 12 74-1 Mcllroy, Katie N. Womack, and Conrad L. Dudek 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 11. Contract or Grant No. College Station, Texas 77843-3135 Study No. 0-1274 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Project Director: Interim: Research and Technology Transfer Office Carlos Lopez, P.E. September 1995 - August 1996 P. 0. Box 5080 Traffic Operations Div. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, Texas 78763-5080 (512)416-3135 15. Supplementary Notes Research performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Research Study Title: Traffic Control Devices for Drivers in Texas Border Areas 16. Abstract The Texas-Mexico border area possesses many unique characteristics that could potentially reduce the effectiveness of traffic control devices used in these areas. This report describes the results from the first year of a three-year research project on the use of traffic control devices in Texas border areas. The first year was devoted to information gathering and an assessment of traffic control device understanding among drivers entering Texas from Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • The Analysis of Application and Problems in Bilingual Public Signs Or Plates∗
    Sino-US English Teaching, June 2016, Vol. 13, No. 6, 492-498 doi:10.17265/1539-8072/2016.06.006 D DAVID PUBLISHING The Analysis of Application and Problems in Bilingual Public Signs or Plates∗ ZHANG Jie China Youth University of Political Studies, Beijing, China Public ad is one of the components in the language construction with the using of language and words. The paper applies the social linguistic method, taking public ads in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Xinjiang as the study case. The result shows that standards of public ads are not varied. And there are many problems to be solved. First, the paper will have a review of the papers concerned with the topic. Secondly, the part is to talk about the functions of the signs, the classification of public ads, and the application of public ads. Thirdly, the paper is about the problems language application in the public and the analysis of the pubic ads. Lastly, it is the suggestion about the overall application of the bilingual language pubic signs—the English signs in cities in China. Keywords: application, analysis, public signs, suggestion Introduction With the development of world communication, cities of China try to be internationalized. With this conception, most of the public slogan or notice can be found in English. Public notices or instructions are concerned with any fields of life. On the road, there are the bilingual leads; the shops on the street have the bilingual names; at the station the notices are bilingual information. The paper will use the pictures to illustrate the situation of the bilingual application plates or signs in China—Beijing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Urumchi, to analyze the situation of the bilingual plate environment in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Demand of Bilingual Message Signs Displaying Alternating Text Messages
    Virpi Anttila, Juha Luoma and Pirkko Rämä 1 Visual demand of bilingual message signs displaying alternating text messages Virpi Anttila*, Juha Luoma, Pirkko Rämä Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1902, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland *Corresponding author Tel.: 00 358 9 456 4517; fax: 00 358 9 464 850, e-mail: [email protected]. Abstract This field study was designed to compare the visual demand of variable message signs (VMS). Specifically, three VMS types were evaluated: a sign displaying a message alternately in Finnish and Swedish (2.0 s in each language), a sign displaying the same messages simultaneously, and a sign displaying air and road surface temperatures in Finnish. The data was collected by recording the eye movements of 38 drivers during highway driving. The main results suggested that the sign displaying alternating bilingual messages was no more demanding than the VMS displaying the same messages simultaneously. However, this conclusion is limited to those specific signs and conditions, and more research is needed for related applications in various conditions. The results further suggested that VMSs involving effective technologies might be rather demanding in comparison to the fixed signs. 1. Introduction In December 1997, the Finnish National Road Administration (Finnra) started testing bilingual variable message signs (VMS). The text message module displays text messages alternating between Finnish and Swedish. There is a clear economic advantage in using one sign showing different languages in turn, instead of constructing separate signs for each language when messages have more than 10 characters. It is possible, however, that alternating bilingual messages are more difficult to read and understand than the alternative of a separate message location dedicated to each language.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning the Linguistic Landscape
    Planning the Linguistic Landscape A Comparative Survey of the Use of Minority Languages in the Road Signage of Norway, Scotland and Italy Guy Puzey MSc by Research Scandinavian Studies (II) The University of Edinburgh 2007 1 Declaration I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. It has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification except as specified. Guy Puzey 31 August 2007 2 Abstract This dissertation explores the controversial nature of current policies on the use of minority language place-names on official signage in Norway, Scotland and in Italy. Following a survey of recent developments in the study of multilingual environmental text and an analysis of the functions of place-names, these controversies are investigated in detail, with reference to legislation and reactions from the public and the media. The formats of the signs themselves are also the subject of close examination. Selected municipalities in northern Norway have, in recent years, erected signs in Sámi and Kven, but some of these signs have been a target for vandals. In Italy, the Lega Nord (Northern League), a right-wing separatist party, has long campaigned for dialect place-names to appear on signs. New regulations now allow this, but it remains a contentious topic. Meanwhile, in Scotland, the recent introduction of bilingual Gaelic and English signs in areas that previously only had English signs is considered by some to be costly tokenism.
    [Show full text]
  • Traffic Signs Manual – Chapter 7 Traffic Signs Manual CHAPTER 7 2018
    Traffic Signs Manual – Chapter 7 Traffic Traffic Signs Manual CHAPTER 7 2018 The Design of Traffic Signs 2018 ISBN 978-0-11-553603-8 www.tso.co.uk 9 780115 536038 10426 DFT TSM Chapter 7 New Edition v0_1.indd 1-3 24/04/2018 10:49 Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 7 The Design of Traffic Signs Department for Transport Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland) Transport Scotland Welsh Government London: TSO Traffic Signs Manual Contents of Chapters 1–8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 Informatory Signs* CHAPTER 3 Regulatory Signs CHAPTER 4 Warning Signs CHAPTER 5 Road Markings CHAPTER 6 Traffic Control CHAPTER 7 The Design of Traffic Signs CHAPTER 8 Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations * To be published at a later date Designers should consult the Department for Transport’s website www.gov.uk for confirmation of current publication dates. Published for The Department for Transport under licence from the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office © Crown copyright 2019 All rights reserved Copyright in the typographical arrangement rests with the Crown. This publication, excluding logos, may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium for non‑commercial research, private study or for internal circulation within an organisation. This is subject to it being reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The copyright source of the material must be acknowledged and the title of the publication specified. First published 2019 First edition Crown Copyright 1997 ISBN 978 0 11 553603
    [Show full text]