Evaluating the Effects of Bilingual Traffic Signs on Driver Performance and Safety
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2B-1 Application of Regulatory Signs Regulatory
6. REGULATORY SIGNS 2B-1 Application of Regulatory Signs Regulatory signs inform highway users of traffic laws or regulations and indicate the applicability of legal requirements that would not oth- erwise be apparent. These signs shall be erected wherever needed to fulfill this purpose, but unnecessary mandates should be avoided. The laws of many States specify that certain regulations are enforceable only when made known by official signs. Some regulatory signs are related to operational controls but do not impose any obligations or prohibitions. For example, signs giving ad- vance notice of or marking the end of a restricted zone are included in the regulatory group. Regulatory signs normally shall be erected at those locations where regulations apply. The sign message shall clearly indicate the require- ments imposed by the regulation and shall be easily visible and legible to the vehicle operator. 2B-2 Classification of Regulatory Signs Regulatory signs are classified in the following groups: 1. Right-of-way series: (a) STOP sign (sec. 2B-4 to 6) (b) YIELD sign (sec. 2B-7 to 9) 2. Speed series (sec. 2B-10 to 14) 3. Movement series: (a) Turning (see. 2B-15 to 19) (b) Alignment (sec. 2B-20 to 25) (c) Exclusion (see. 2B-26 to 28) (d) One Way (sec. 2B-29 to 30) 4. Parking series (see. 2B-31 to 34) 5. Pedestrian series (see. 2B-35 to 36) 6. Miscellaneous series (sec. 2B-37 to 44) 2B-3 Design of Regulatory Signs Regulatory signs are rectangular, with the longer dimension vertical, and have black legend on a white background, except for those signs whose standards specify otherwise. -
Language Visibility, Language Rights and Language Policy
Language visibility, language rights and language policy. Findings by the Pan-South African Language Board on language rights complaints between 1997 and 2005 Theodorus du Plessis, University of the Free State, Bloomfontein, South Africa 1 INTRODUCTION The context of this paper is the changing face of the South African linguistic landscape. Two of the central discourses regarding this matter concern the “need for change”, on the one hand, and the “need for redress”, on the other. The need for change is reflected in the following quote from Sachs (1994:8): I think many people have failed to understand the full significance of the move from bilingualism to multilingualism. Bilingualism is relatively easy. It is everything times two and you can officialise everything and you can establish policies based on fluency in two languages for the whole country. Multilingualism is not bilingualism multiplied by five and a half. It does not mean that every road sign must be in 11 languages – we will not see the streets – and to give examples like that is to trivialise the deep content of multilingualism [own emphasis]. Essentially, the “need for change” involves a change from bilingual to multilingual. The pictures in Figure 1 illustrate this aspect of the changing linguistic landscape. The picture on the left was taken at the Mangaung Local Municipality in Bloemfontein, the central city of South Africa, while the one on the right was taken at the border between the Eastern Cape Province and the Northern Cape Province. The photograph on the left depicts a typical bilingual sign from the pre-1994 era, displaying Afrikaans and English. -
2C-1 Application of Warning Signs Warning Signs Are Used When It Is
C. WARNING SIGNS 2C-1 Application of Warning Signs Warning signs are used when it is deemed necessary to warn traffic of existing or potentially hazardous conditions on or adjacent to a high- way or street. Warning signs require caution on the part of the vehicle operator and may call for reduction of speed or a maneuver in the interest of his own safety and that of other vehicle operators and pedes- trians. Adequate warnings are of great assistance to the vehicle opera- tor and are valuable in safe-guarding and expediting traffic. The use of warning signs should be kept to a minimum because the unnecessary use of them to warn of conditions which are apparent tends to breed disrespect for all signs. Even on the most modern expressways there may be some conditions to which the driver can be alerted by means of warning signs. These conditions are in varying degrees common to all highways, and existing standards for warning signs are generally applicable to expressways. Typical locations and hazards that may warrant the use of warning signs are: 1. Changes in horizontal alignment 2. Intersections 3. Advance warning of control devices 4. Converging traffic lanes 5. Narrow roadways 6. Changes in highway design 7. Grades 8. Roadway surface conditions 9. Railroad crossings 10. Entrances and crossings 11. Miscellaneous Warning signs specified herein cover most conditions that are likely to be met. Special warning signs for highway construction and mainte- nance operations, school areas, railroad grade crossings and bicycle fa- cilities are dealt with in Parts VI through IX of this Manual. -
Frutiger (Tipo De Letra) Portal De La Comunidad Actualidad Frutiger Es Una Familia Tipográfica
Iniciar sesión / crear cuenta Artículo Discusión Leer Editar Ver historial Buscar La Fundación Wikimedia está celebrando un referéndum para reunir más información [Ayúdanos traduciendo.] acerca del desarrollo y utilización de una característica optativa y personal de ocultamiento de imágenes. Aprende más y comparte tu punto de vista. Portada Frutiger (tipo de letra) Portal de la comunidad Actualidad Frutiger es una familia tipográfica. Su creador fue el diseñador Adrian Frutiger, suizo nacido en 1928, es uno de los Cambios recientes tipógrafos más prestigiosos del siglo XX. Páginas nuevas El nombre de Frutiger comprende una serie de tipos de letra ideados por el tipógrafo suizo Adrian Frutiger. La primera Página aleatoria Frutiger fue creada a partir del encargo que recibió el tipógrafo, en 1968. Se trataba de diseñar el proyecto de Ayuda señalización de un aeropuerto que se estaba construyendo, el aeropuerto Charles de Gaulle en París. Aunque se Donaciones trataba de una tipografía de palo seco, más tarde se fue ampliando y actualmente consta también de una Frutiger Notificar un error serif y modelos ornamentales de Frutiger. Imprimir/exportar 1 Crear un libro 2 Descargar como PDF 3 Versión para imprimir Contenido [ocultar] Herramientas 1 El nacimiento de un carácter tipográfico de señalización * Diseñador: Adrian Frutiger * Categoría:Palo seco(Thibaudeau, Lineal En otros idiomas 2 Análisis de la tipografía Frutiger (Novarese-DIN 16518) Humanista (Vox- Català 3 Tipos de Frutiger y familias ATypt) * Año: 1976 Deutsch 3.1 Frutiger (1976) -
Traffic Signs Manual
Traffic Signs Manual – Chapter 8 – Chapter Signs Manual Traffic Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations provides the official detailed guidance Traffic on these matters. Part 1: Design (ISBN 978-0-11-553051-7, price £70) is for those Signs responsible for the design of temporary traffic management arrangements needed to facilitate maintenance activities or in response to temporary situations. Manual CHAPTER Part 2: Operations is for those responsible for planning, managing and participating in operations to implement, 8 maintain and remove temporary traffic management arrangements. Part 3: Update 20 16 16 Pa rt 3: Update Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations Part 3: Update ISBN 978-0-11-553510-9 2016 www.tso.co.uk 9 780115 535109 10426 DFT TSM Chapter 8 New Edition v0_2.indd 1-3 22/02/2017 15:53 Published by TSO (The Stationery Office) and available from: Online www.tsoshop.co.uk Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mail TSO PO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1GN Telephone orders/General enquiries: 0870 600 5522 Fax orders: 0870 600 5533 E-mail: [email protected] Textphone 0870 240 3701 TSO@Blackwell and other Accredited Agents Customers can also order publications from: TSO Ireland 16 Arthur Street, Belfast BT1 4GD Tel 028 9023 8451 Fax 028 9023 5401 5755 TSM Vol2 V0_5.indd 1 9/2/09 16:33:36 Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 8 Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations Part 3: Update Department for Transport/Highways England Department for Infrastructure -
Seretny A. a Co to Takiego A1-A2.Pdf
987777 987777 987777 987777 ISBN 97883-242-1105-0 987777 SPIS TREŚCI Wstęp 7 Introduction 9 Introduction 11 Vorwort 13 Jak korzystać ze Słownika 16 How to use the dictionary 17 Comment utiliser le dictionaire 18 Wie man dieses Wörterbuch benutzt 19 Spis tablic 21 Tablice 28 Wykaz skrótów 174 Indeks 175 (w języku polskim, angielskim, francuskim i niemieckim) Dodatek 250 A. Wagi B. Miary odległości C. Miary czasu D. Liczebniki E. Znaki interpunkcyjne F. Dodatek geograficzny 5 987777 6 987777 WSTĘP A co to takiego? Obrazkowy słownik języka polskiego po raz pierwszy ukazał się w roku 1993 i był pierwszym słownikiem tego typu przezna− czonym dla uczących się języka polskiego jako obcego. Był on adreso− wany zarówno do tych, którzy naukę rozpoczynali, jak i do tych, którzy chcieli poszerzyć swoją znajomość polskiego słownictwa. Wszystkie ar− tykuły hasłowe słownika definiowane były za pomocą obrazków. Dzięki takiej technice możliwe było uniknięcie wielu kłopotów związanych z definiowaniem pojęć podstawowych, stanowiących zasadniczy kor− pus pracy. Pierwsze wydanie, mimo bardzo skromnej szaty graficznej – plansze słownika były czarno−białe – cieszyło się sporą popularnością wśród uczących się (posługiwano się nim i w kraju i za granicą) i jego nakład wkrótce się wyczerpał. Korzystając z nadarzającej się okazji postanowiliśmy przygotować kolejne wydanie Obrazkowego słownika języka polskiego uwzględniając w nim zarówno nowe pomysły autorów jak i sugestie oraz spostrzeże− nia użytkowników. Zasadnicza koncepcja pracy, zgodnie z którą zna− czenia jednostek leksykalnych definiowane są za pomocą rysunków, nie uległa zmianie. Jednakże dzięki nowym, kolorowym tablicom nie− zwykle zyskała szata graficzna słownika i poprawiła się czytelność rysun− ków. Mieliśmy także możliwość wprowadzenia do nich nowych ele− mentów leksykalnych, przez co wzrosła nieco liczba haseł słowniczka. -
Book 1: Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual
1 Book Ontario Traffic Manual March 2005 Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual Book 1 • Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual The Ontario Traffic Manual is directed to its primary Ontario users, traffic practitioners. The OTM incorporates current best practices in the Province of Ontario. The interpretations, recommendations and guidelines in Traffic Manual the Ontario Traffic Manual are intended to provide an understanding of traffic operations and they cover a broad range of traffic situations encountered in practice. They are based on many factors which may determine the specific design and operational effectiveness of traffic control systems. However, no manual can cover all contingencies or all cases encountered in the field. Therefore, field experience and knowledge of application are essential in Foreword deciding what to do in the absence of specific direction from the Manual itself and in overriding any The purpose of the Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM) recommendations in this Manual. is to provide information and guidance for transportation practitioners and to promote The traffic practitioner’s fundamental responsibility is uniformity of treatment in the design, application and to exercise engineering judgement and experience operation of traffic control devices and systems on technical matters in the best interests of the across Ontario. The objective is safe driving public and workers. Guidelines are provided in the behaviour, achieved by a predictable roadway OTM to assist in making those judgements, but they environment through the consistent, appropriate should not be used as a substitute for judgement. application of traffic control devices. Further purposes of the OTM are to provide a set of Design, application and operational guidelines and guidelines consistent with the intent of the Highway procedures should be used with judicious care and Traffic Act and to provide a basis for road authorities proper consideration of the prevailing to generate or update their own guidelines and circumstances. -
Speed Limits) (Jersey) Order 2003
ROAD TRAFFIC (SPEED LIMITS) (JERSEY) ORDER 2003 Revised Edition 25.550.44 Showing the law as at 1 January 2019 This is a revised edition of the law Road Traffic (Speed Limits) (Jersey) Order 2003 Arrangement ROAD TRAFFIC (SPEED LIMITS) (JERSEY) ORDER 2003 Arrangement Article 1 Interpretation ................................................................................................... 5 2 30 mph speed limit .......................................................................................... 5 3 20 mph speed limit .......................................................................................... 5 4 15 mph speed limit .......................................................................................... 5 4A Part-time speed limits indicated by traffic signs ............................................. 6 4B Part-time speed limits at schools..................................................................... 6 4C Part-time speed limits at works ....................................................................... 6 5 Citation ............................................................................................................ 6 SCHEDULE 1 7 30 MPH SPEED LIMIT 7 SCHEDULE 2 16 20 MPH SPEED LIMIT 16 SCHEDULE 3 21 15 MPH SPEED LIMIT 21 Supporting Documents ENDNOTES 29 Table of Legislation History......................................................................................... 29 Table of Renumbered Provisions ................................................................................. 29 Table of -
Linguistic Landscape on Campus in Japan— a Case Study of Signs in Kyushu University
Intercultural Communication Studies XXIV(1) 2015 WANG Linguistic Landscape on Campus in Japan— A Case Study of Signs in Kyushu University Jing-Jing WANG Northwest A&F University, China; Kyushu University, Japan Abstract: This study examines multilingual university campus signs in Japan, a new attempt to expand the scope of linguistic landscape study. Based on the three dimensions put forward by Trumper-Hecht (2010) who sees linguistic landscape as a sociolinguistic- spatial phenomenon, this study brings linguistic landscape research into the context of multilingual campuses stimulated by internationalization, and intends to explore: how languages used in signs are regulated or planned in Japan, how the campus linguistic landscape is constructed and how the sign readers view the multilingual campus they are living in. The exploration of language policy concerning signs substantiates our understanding of the formation of campus linguistic landscape. The case study on the languages used in signs on Ito campus presents the features of the construction of campus linguistic landscape. On Ito campus of Kyushu University, bilingual Japanese-English signs compose the majority of campus signs, with Japanese language used as the dominant language. The questionnaire surveys students’ attitudes towards a multilingual campus. The results indicate that for their academic life, students value bilingual ability a lot; in their daily life, students maintain multilingual contact to a certain degree. The important languages chosen by the students are in conformity with the language usage in reality despite a difference in order. This study is a synchronic record of the construction of the campus linguistic landscape, thus it can be used as a basis for comparative and diachronic studies in the future. -
The Public Debate on Jock Kinneir's Road Sign Alphabet
Ole Lund The public debate on Jock Kinneir’s road sign alphabet Prelude There has been some recent interest In August 1961 two researchers at the Road Research Laboratory in in Jock Kinneir and Margaret Britain published a paper on the ‘Relative effectiveness of some letter Calvert’s influential traffic signs types designed for use on road traffic signs’ (Christie and Rutley and accompanying letterforms for 1961b). It appeared in the journal Roads and Road Construction. A Britain’s national roads from the late shorter version was published in the same month (Christie and 1950s and early 1960s. Their signs Design and alphabets prompted a unique Rutley 1961c). These two papers were both based on a report ‘not for public debate on letterform legibility, publication’ finished in January the same year (Christie and Rutley which provoked the Road Research 1961a). These papers represented the culmination of a vigorous public Laboratory to carry out large-scale debate on letterform legibility which had been going on since March legibility experiments. Many people 1959. The controversy and the Road Research Laboratory’s subse- participated in the debate, in national quent experiments happened in connection with the introduction newspapers, design and popular of direction signs for Britain’s new motorways.¹ science magazines, technical journals, and radio. It was about alphabets and The design of these directional and other informational motorway signs that would soon become – and signs represented the first phase of an overall development of a new still are – very prominent in Britain’s coherent system of traffic signs in Britain between 1957 and 1963. -
Bilingüismo En Inmigrantes Adultos
Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Bilingualism in Adult Adultos: Conceptos Immigrants: Foundational Fundamentales y Concepts and Pedagogical Experiencias Pedagógicas Experiences Angelmiro Galindo, Ph.D. Universidad del Quindío Armenia-Colombia Clarena Larrotta, Ph.D. Texas State University San Marcos-United States Catalogación en la publicación – Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia Galindo Martínez, Angelmiro Bilingüismo en inmigrantes adultos: conceptos fundamentales y experiencias pedagógicas = Bilingualism in adult immigrants: foundational concepts and pedagogical experiences / Angelmiro Galindo Martínez, Clarena Larrotta. -- Armenia : Editorial Kinesis, 2018. 207 p. Incluye datos biográficos de los autores y glosario. -- Contiene bibliografía. -- Texto bilingüe: español, inglés. ISBN 978-958-8952-85-7 1. Bilingüismo – Enseñanza - Estudiantes extranjeros 2. Enseñanza bilingüe - Estudiantes extranjeros 3. Lenguaje y lenguas - Enseñanza bilingüe I. Larrotta, Clarena II. Título CDD: 404.2 ed. 23 CO-BoBN– a1038142 © Angelmiro Galindo - Clarena Larrotta Bilingüismo en Inmigrantes Adultos: Conceptos Fundamentales y Experiencias Pedagógicas Bilingualism in Adult Immigrants: Foundational Concepts and Pedagogical Experiences Derechos Reservados ISBN: 978-958-8952-85-7 Publicación: Diciembre 2018 Impresión: 200 ejemplares Diseño y Diagramación Electrónica: Editorial Kinesis Impreso por: Editorial Kinesis Carrera 25 No. 18-12 Armenia - Colombia Teléfonos: (6) 740 9155 - 3127672797 E-mail: [email protected] www.kinesis.com.co Impreso en Colombia / Printed in Colombia Hecho el Depósito Legal en cumplimiento con la Ley 44 de 1993. Decreto 460 de 1995 Todos los Derechos Reservados Cada autor es responsable del contenido de su texto. No está permitida la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, la recopilación en un sistema informático, ni la reproducción por cualquier medio o procedimiento, sin el permiso previo y por escrito de sus autores. -
Anew Approach for License Plate Recognition Using the Sift Algorithm
Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal (SIPIJ) Vol.4, No.1, February 2013 ALPR S - A NEW APPROACH FOR LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION USING THE SIFT ALGORITHM F.A. Silva 1,3 , A.O. Artero 2, M.S.V. Paiva 3 and R.L. Barbosa 4 1University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Dept. of Computer Science, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil [email protected] 2São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Science and Technology, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil [email protected] 3São Carlos Engineering School (USP), Electrical Engineering Department, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil [email protected] 4São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper presents a new approach for the automatic license plate recognition, which includes the SIFT algorithm in step to locate the plate in the input image. In this new approach, besides the comparison of the features obtained with the SIFT algorithm, the correspondence between the spatial orientations and the positioning associated with the keypoints is also observed. Afterwards, an algorithm is used for the character recognition of the plates, very fast, which makes it possible its application in real time. The results obtained with the proposed approach presented very good success rates, so much for locating the characters in the input image, as for their recognition. KEYWORDS License Plate Recognition, Character Recognition, SIFT 1. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the intense use of video cameras along highways and also in urban areas has contributed a lot to control traffic and, in most applications, the license plate recognition (LPR) of the vehicles is the main objective in traffic analysis, because it consists in a safe way to distinguish clearly imaged vehicles.