A Linguistic Landscape Study of Signage on Nimmanhemin Road
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Linguistic Landscapes
Chapter 21 Linguistic Landscapes Luk Van Mensel, Mieke Vandenbroucke, and Robert Blackwood Introduction The study of the linguistic landscape (LL) focuses on the representations of language(s) in public space. Its object of research can be any visible display of written language (a “sign”) as well as people’s interactions with these signs. As a consequence, it is a highly interdisciplinary research domain, grounded in a wide range of theories and disciplines, such as language policy, sociology, semiotics, literacy studies, anthropology, social and human geography, politics, and urban studies. As such, the LL emerges as a promising terrain for the study of language and society. Landry and Bourhis (1997) were the first to provide a clear definition of “linguistic landscape,” which is often built on in LL studies: The language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combines to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration. (Landry and Bourhis, 1997: 25) Since then, however, the notion of what constitutes LL research has clearly expanded. The field has both integrated and embraced various theoretical and epistemological viewpoints, has developed new methodologies, and now covers a range of linguistic artifacts that go far beyond those originally listed by Landry and Bourhis. As a result, present- day LL research can be described as kaleidoscopic in nature. LLs are mainly studied in urban settings (hence the “multilingual cityscape”; Gorter, 2006b), unsur- prising given the stimulating visual and linguistic environment that the present-day glo- balized city has to offer, but scholars have also looked at more peripheral and rural areas (e.g., Kotze and du Plessis, 2010; Pietikäinen, Lane, Salo, and Laihiala-Kankainen, 2011). -
Language Visibility, Language Rights and Language Policy
Language visibility, language rights and language policy. Findings by the Pan-South African Language Board on language rights complaints between 1997 and 2005 Theodorus du Plessis, University of the Free State, Bloomfontein, South Africa 1 INTRODUCTION The context of this paper is the changing face of the South African linguistic landscape. Two of the central discourses regarding this matter concern the “need for change”, on the one hand, and the “need for redress”, on the other. The need for change is reflected in the following quote from Sachs (1994:8): I think many people have failed to understand the full significance of the move from bilingualism to multilingualism. Bilingualism is relatively easy. It is everything times two and you can officialise everything and you can establish policies based on fluency in two languages for the whole country. Multilingualism is not bilingualism multiplied by five and a half. It does not mean that every road sign must be in 11 languages – we will not see the streets – and to give examples like that is to trivialise the deep content of multilingualism [own emphasis]. Essentially, the “need for change” involves a change from bilingual to multilingual. The pictures in Figure 1 illustrate this aspect of the changing linguistic landscape. The picture on the left was taken at the Mangaung Local Municipality in Bloemfontein, the central city of South Africa, while the one on the right was taken at the border between the Eastern Cape Province and the Northern Cape Province. The photograph on the left depicts a typical bilingual sign from the pre-1994 era, displaying Afrikaans and English. -
Language Attitudes and Linguistic Landscapes of Malawi Mark Visonà
Language Attitudes and Linguistic Landscapes of Malawi Mark Visonà Georgetown University 1. Introduction Previous studies in perceptual dialectology, or the study of non-linguists’ understandings of linguistic variation, have largely focused on identifying the social meanings that people assign to language depending on where and by whom it is used. Developed by Preston (1981), perceptual dialectology seeks to identify the specific linguistic features that play roles in triggering attitudes towards language, further aiming to discover the underlying beliefs or ideologies that motivate these attitudes (Preston, 2013, p. 160). In this paper, I identify attitudes regarding linguistic diversity in the multilingual African country of Malawi, additionally proposing that one factor shaping a speaker’s attitudes toward language use is the representation of language in their environment, or their linguistic landscape. This new approach investigates language attitudes at both the individual and societal level, ultimately contributing to our understanding of how non-linguists notice and understand language variation. The study of linguistic landscapes, or the entirety of ways that language appears in a public space, has recently emerged as a way for sociolinguists to investigate the interplay between language and its social value in a community (Landry & Bourhis, 1999; Shohamy et al., 2010). Analysis of language tokens on a variety of objects like billboards, advertisements, or road signs may reveal whether certain languages are privileged or disfavored by different social groups. In this paper, I argue that people’s attitudes towards linguistic variation are reflected by their linguistic landscapes, and crucially, are shaped by them as well. I present research that identifies attitudes towards language use in Southern Malawi, a region with multiple minority languages at risk of disappearing (Moyo, 2003). -
Linguistic Landscapes in a Multilingual World
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics (2013), 33, 190–212. © Cambridge University Press, 2013, 0267-1905/13 $16.00 doi: 10.1017/S0267190513000020 Linguistic Landscapes in a Multilingual World Durk Gorter This article offers an overview of the main developments in the field of linguis- tic landscape studies. A large number of research projects and publications indicate an increasing interest in applied linguistics in the use of written texts in urban spaces, especially in bilingual and multilingual settings. The article looks into some of the pioneer studies that helped open up this line of research and summarizes some of the studies that created the springboard for its rapid expansion in recent years. The focus is on current research (from 2007 onward), including studies that illustrate main theoretical approaches and methodologi- cal development as key issues of the expanding field, in particular when applied in settings of societal multilingualism. Publications on the linguistic landscape cover a wide range of innovative theoretical and empirical studies that deal with issues related to multilingual- ism, literacy, multimodality, language policy, linguistic diversity, and minority languages, among others. The article shows some examples of the use of the linguistic landscape as a research tool and a data source to address a num- ber of issues in multilingualism. The article also explores some possible future directions. Overall, the various emerging perspectives in linguistic landscape research can deepen our understanding of languages in urban spaces, language users, and societal multilingualism in general. PANORAMA OF THE FIELD Language learning is the main product of the Rosetta Stone company. Its kiosks can be found in shopping malls and at airports across the United States, and its offices are all over the world. -
Frutiger (Tipo De Letra) Portal De La Comunidad Actualidad Frutiger Es Una Familia Tipográfica
Iniciar sesión / crear cuenta Artículo Discusión Leer Editar Ver historial Buscar La Fundación Wikimedia está celebrando un referéndum para reunir más información [Ayúdanos traduciendo.] acerca del desarrollo y utilización de una característica optativa y personal de ocultamiento de imágenes. Aprende más y comparte tu punto de vista. Portada Frutiger (tipo de letra) Portal de la comunidad Actualidad Frutiger es una familia tipográfica. Su creador fue el diseñador Adrian Frutiger, suizo nacido en 1928, es uno de los Cambios recientes tipógrafos más prestigiosos del siglo XX. Páginas nuevas El nombre de Frutiger comprende una serie de tipos de letra ideados por el tipógrafo suizo Adrian Frutiger. La primera Página aleatoria Frutiger fue creada a partir del encargo que recibió el tipógrafo, en 1968. Se trataba de diseñar el proyecto de Ayuda señalización de un aeropuerto que se estaba construyendo, el aeropuerto Charles de Gaulle en París. Aunque se Donaciones trataba de una tipografía de palo seco, más tarde se fue ampliando y actualmente consta también de una Frutiger Notificar un error serif y modelos ornamentales de Frutiger. Imprimir/exportar 1 Crear un libro 2 Descargar como PDF 3 Versión para imprimir Contenido [ocultar] Herramientas 1 El nacimiento de un carácter tipográfico de señalización * Diseñador: Adrian Frutiger * Categoría:Palo seco(Thibaudeau, Lineal En otros idiomas 2 Análisis de la tipografía Frutiger (Novarese-DIN 16518) Humanista (Vox- Català 3 Tipos de Frutiger y familias ATypt) * Año: 1976 Deutsch 3.1 Frutiger (1976) -
Traffic Signs Manual
Traffic Signs Manual – Chapter 8 – Chapter Signs Manual Traffic Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations provides the official detailed guidance Traffic on these matters. Part 1: Design (ISBN 978-0-11-553051-7, price £70) is for those Signs responsible for the design of temporary traffic management arrangements needed to facilitate maintenance activities or in response to temporary situations. Manual CHAPTER Part 2: Operations is for those responsible for planning, managing and participating in operations to implement, 8 maintain and remove temporary traffic management arrangements. Part 3: Update 20 16 16 Pa rt 3: Update Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations Part 3: Update ISBN 978-0-11-553510-9 2016 www.tso.co.uk 9 780115 535109 10426 DFT TSM Chapter 8 New Edition v0_2.indd 1-3 22/02/2017 15:53 Published by TSO (The Stationery Office) and available from: Online www.tsoshop.co.uk Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mail TSO PO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1GN Telephone orders/General enquiries: 0870 600 5522 Fax orders: 0870 600 5533 E-mail: [email protected] Textphone 0870 240 3701 TSO@Blackwell and other Accredited Agents Customers can also order publications from: TSO Ireland 16 Arthur Street, Belfast BT1 4GD Tel 028 9023 8451 Fax 028 9023 5401 5755 TSM Vol2 V0_5.indd 1 9/2/09 16:33:36 Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 8 Traffic Safety Measures and Signs for Road Works and Temporary Situations Part 3: Update Department for Transport/Highways England Department for Infrastructure -
Linguistic Diversity and Inclusion in Abu Dhabi
Multilingua 2021; aop Sarah Hopkyns* and Melanie van den Hoven Linguistic diversity and inclusion in Abu Dhabi’s linguistic landscape during the COVID-19 period https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2020-0187 Received December 11, 2020; accepted March 18, 2021; published online April 5, 2021 Abstract: In Abu Dhabi, multilingualism amongst its highly diverse population is typical. However, with Arabic as the official language and English as the lingua franca, the population’s other languages are subordinate on public signage. Those proficient in English or Arabic have more access to information than those who are not. While effective communication is important in ordinary times, it is especially vital during a crisis. This study looks at COVID-19 signage in two Abu Dhabi live- work contexts: A beachside community and an industrial site. The study takes an ethnographic approach to linguistic landscaping in which a corpus of 326 top- down and bottom-up signs are investigated in terms of languages used, spacing, prominence and location, as well as intended audience and sociolinguistic im- plications. Key findings revealed that bottom-up handmade COVID-19 signage was mainly monolingual (English only) and municipality-produced warnings were predominately bilingual (Arabic and English). Despite the multilingual composi- tion of both contexts, only one third language (Korean) appeared on COVID-19 signage. The findings shed light on existing inequalities in linguistically diverse contexts, and the need to ensure access to information for all at a street level. The article concludes with practical suggestions for greater linguistic inclusion in the COVID-19 period and beyond. Keywords: COVID-19 signage; crisis communication; diversity and inclusion; lin- guistic landscaping; multilingualism; United Arab Emirates *Corresponding author: Sarah Hopkyns, College of Education, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, E-mail: [email protected]. -
Linguistic Landscape, Greenlandic, Danish, Nuuk, Greenland, Signs, Multilingual, Urban, Minority, Indigenous
The linguistic landscape of Nuuk, Greenland Abstract The purpose of this article is to present and analyse public and private signs in the linguistic landscape of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland. Nuuk is a trilingual environment including the indigenous language (West Greenlandic), the former colonial language (Danish), and the global language (English). West Greenlandic is a somewhat unusual case among indigenous languages in colonial and postcolonial settings because it is a statutory national language with a vigorous use. Our analysis examines the use of West Greenlandic, Danish, and English from the theoretical perspective of centre vs. periphery, devoting attention to the primary audiences (local vs. international) and chief functions (informational vs. symbolic) of the signs. As the first investigation into the Greenlandic linguistic landscape, our analysis can contribute to research on signs in urban multilingual indigenous language settings. Keywords: linguistic landscape, Greenlandic, Danish, Nuuk, Greenland, signs, multilingual, urban, minority, indigenous 1. Introduction The purpose of our study is to analyse public and private signs in the linguistic landscape of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland. Scholarly enquiry into the linguistic landscape seeks to ascertain the practices and ideologies relating to the language appearing in public spaces. The public spaces included in this type of analysis consist of official signs (e.g. traffic signs, street names, government notices), private signs (e.g. shop names, private business signs, personal ads), graffiti, food packaging, notes, discarded items, and moving signs on buses or t-shirts (see e.g. see Gorter, 2006; Shohamy & Gorter, 2009; Jaworski & Thurlow, 2010). The dynamic, constantly mediated multimodal linguistic landscape gives space its meaning and interacts with the built environment (Moriarty, 2014a). -
Book 1: Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual
1 Book Ontario Traffic Manual March 2005 Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual Book 1 • Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual The Ontario Traffic Manual is directed to its primary Ontario users, traffic practitioners. The OTM incorporates current best practices in the Province of Ontario. The interpretations, recommendations and guidelines in Traffic Manual the Ontario Traffic Manual are intended to provide an understanding of traffic operations and they cover a broad range of traffic situations encountered in practice. They are based on many factors which may determine the specific design and operational effectiveness of traffic control systems. However, no manual can cover all contingencies or all cases encountered in the field. Therefore, field experience and knowledge of application are essential in Foreword deciding what to do in the absence of specific direction from the Manual itself and in overriding any The purpose of the Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM) recommendations in this Manual. is to provide information and guidance for transportation practitioners and to promote The traffic practitioner’s fundamental responsibility is uniformity of treatment in the design, application and to exercise engineering judgement and experience operation of traffic control devices and systems on technical matters in the best interests of the across Ontario. The objective is safe driving public and workers. Guidelines are provided in the behaviour, achieved by a predictable roadway OTM to assist in making those judgements, but they environment through the consistent, appropriate should not be used as a substitute for judgement. application of traffic control devices. Further purposes of the OTM are to provide a set of Design, application and operational guidelines and guidelines consistent with the intent of the Highway procedures should be used with judicious care and Traffic Act and to provide a basis for road authorities proper consideration of the prevailing to generate or update their own guidelines and circumstances. -
Linguistic Landscape on Campus in Japan— a Case Study of Signs in Kyushu University
Intercultural Communication Studies XXIV(1) 2015 WANG Linguistic Landscape on Campus in Japan— A Case Study of Signs in Kyushu University Jing-Jing WANG Northwest A&F University, China; Kyushu University, Japan Abstract: This study examines multilingual university campus signs in Japan, a new attempt to expand the scope of linguistic landscape study. Based on the three dimensions put forward by Trumper-Hecht (2010) who sees linguistic landscape as a sociolinguistic- spatial phenomenon, this study brings linguistic landscape research into the context of multilingual campuses stimulated by internationalization, and intends to explore: how languages used in signs are regulated or planned in Japan, how the campus linguistic landscape is constructed and how the sign readers view the multilingual campus they are living in. The exploration of language policy concerning signs substantiates our understanding of the formation of campus linguistic landscape. The case study on the languages used in signs on Ito campus presents the features of the construction of campus linguistic landscape. On Ito campus of Kyushu University, bilingual Japanese-English signs compose the majority of campus signs, with Japanese language used as the dominant language. The questionnaire surveys students’ attitudes towards a multilingual campus. The results indicate that for their academic life, students value bilingual ability a lot; in their daily life, students maintain multilingual contact to a certain degree. The important languages chosen by the students are in conformity with the language usage in reality despite a difference in order. This study is a synchronic record of the construction of the campus linguistic landscape, thus it can be used as a basis for comparative and diachronic studies in the future. -
Vital Signs: a Photovoice Assessment of the Linguistic Landscape in Spanish in Healthcare Facilities Along the U.S.-Mexico Border
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND HEALTH 2013 / No. 1 Vital Signs: A photovoice assessment of the linguistic landscape in Spanish in healthcare facilities along the U.S.-Mexico border Glenn A. Martínez Professor of Hispanic Linguistics Department of Spanish and Portuguese and The James Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University [email protected] Abstract The intersection of health literacy and limited English proficiency is a concern of increasing importance. While there is considerable overlap between populations with limited English proficient and low health literacy, there may also be interaction effects in which low health literacy is exacerbated by unequal access to and differential presentation of information. In this study, interaction effects are explored by examining the linguistic landscape of healthcare facilities using a photovoice approach. A sample of 32 young Spanish-speakers residing in the U.S.- Mexico border region participated in the study. Youngsters went to healthcare facilities normally visited by family members and took pictures of publicly displayed signs and written materials. They wrote captions for each photograph and presented their photographs in a critical dialogue session. The results of the study indicated that participants perceive significant differences in the presence of English and Spanish on the linguistic landscape in healthcare facilities. Signs in English were more numerous than signs in Spanish. Spanish signs, furthermore, were plagued with spelling errors, grammatical errors, and unintelligible translations and were less likely than English signs to convey information about salient health concerns. Participants interpreted these patterns as indexical of the inequities faced by Spanish speakers in the health delivery system. -
Analyzing the Multilingual Linguistic Landscape Of
! ! ! ! ! ANALYZING THE MULTILINGUAL LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK! ! by! Amanda E.! Dixson ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! A Master’s Thesis/Capstone Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Education Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) Department of Language, Learning, & Leadership State University of New York at Fredonia Fredonia, New! York ! ! ! ! ! ! ! May, 2015 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ANALYZING THE MULTILINGUAL LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK! ! ! ABSTRACT In recent years, Buffalo, New York has become home to thousands of immigrants and refugees from across the globe. These people have brought with them diverse cultures, desires for the future, and their home languages. As a designated refugee resettlement city, Buffalo is an incredibly diverse city that welcomes thousands of refugees from all over the world each year; Buffalo also has an established Latino/a community. This study examines how these linguistic communities are represented in the linguistic landscape, and what deeper symbolic meanings signs in the linguistic landscape hold for them. All signs on six streets within a two mile radius of Buffalo’s most diverse neighborhoods were photographed and categorized. Signs entirely or partially in non-English languages were plotted on an electronic map and examined for potential symbolic meanings. The linguistic landscape of Buffalo, although vastly English dominant, reflects some of the diversity of the area. However, the signs in Buffalo’s linguistic landscape reveal language ideologies are present and sometimes promote one language over another. Since languages are tied to identity, relegating languages can promote ideologies against ethnic groups tied to those languages. Overall, the linguistic landscape reflects the need to learn English to function in American society, but inconsistencies are found throughout the city that reflect the presence of non-English speakers in the area, and occasionally the promotion of their culture and language.