The Svalbard Airport Temperature Series
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- . - - - . -. � ..;/, AGE MILL.YEAR$ ;YE basalt �- OUATERNARY votcanoes CENOZOIC \....t TERTIARY ·· basalt/// 65 CRETACEOUS -� 145 MESOZOIC JURASSIC " 210 � TRIAS SIC 245 " PERMIAN 290 CARBONIFEROUS /I/ Å 360 \....t DEVONIAN � PALEOZOIC � 410 SILURIAN 440 /I/ ranite � ORDOVICIAN T 510 z CAM BRIAN � w :::;: 570 w UPPER (J) PROTEROZOIC � c( " 1000 Ill /// PRECAMBRIAN MIDDLE AND LOWER PROTEROZOIC I /// 2500 ARCHEAN /(/folding \....tfaulting x metamorphism '- subduction POLARHÅNDBOK NO. 7 AUDUN HJELLE GEOLOGY.OF SVALBARD OSLO 1993 Photographs contributed by the following: Dallmann, Winfried: Figs. 12, 21, 24, 25, 31, 33, 35, 48 Heintz, Natascha: Figs. 15, 59 Hisdal, Vidar: Figs. 40, 42, 47, 49 Hjelle, Audun: Figs. 3, 10, 11, 18 , 23, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 43, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75 Larsen, Geir B.: Fig. 70 Lytskjold, Bjørn: Fig. 38 Nøttvedt, Arvid: Fig. 34 Paleontologisk Museum, Oslo: Figs. 5, 9 Salvigsen, Otto: Figs. 13, 59 Skogen, Erik: Fig. 39 Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani (SNSK): Fig. 26 © Norsk Polarinstitutt, Middelthuns gate 29, 0301 Oslo English translation: Richard Binns Editor of text and illustrations: Annemor Brekke Graphic design: Vidar Grimshei Omslagsfoto: Erik Skogen Graphic production: Grimshei Grafiske, Lørenskog ISBN 82-7666-057-6 Printed September 1993 CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................6 The Kongsfjorden area ....... ..........97 Smeerenburgfjorden - Magdalene- INTRODUCTION ..... .. .... ....... ........ ....6 fjorden - Liefdefjorden................ 109 Woodfjorden - Bockfjorden........ 116 THE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF SVALBARD .... ........... ....... .......... ..9 NORTHEASTERN SPITSBERGEN AND NORDAUSTLANDET ........... 123 SVALBARD, PART OF THE Ny Friesland and Olav V Land .. .123 NORTHERN POLAR REGION ...... ... 11 Nordaustlandet and the neigh- bouring islands........................... 126 WHA T TOOK PLACE IN SVALBARD - WHEN? .... -
Petroleum, Coal and Research Drilling Onshore Svalbard: a Historical Perspective
NORWEGIAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY Vol 99 Nr. 3 https://dx.doi.org/10.17850/njg99-3-1 Petroleum, coal and research drilling onshore Svalbard: a historical perspective Kim Senger1,2, Peter Brugmans3, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg2,4, Malte Jochmann1,5, Arvid Nøttvedt6, Snorre Olaussen1, Asbjørn Skotte7 & Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora1,8 1Department of Arctic Geology, University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. 2Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum Exploration (ARCEx), University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. 3The Norwegian Directorate of Mining with the Commissioner of Mines at Svalbard, P.O. Box 520, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. 4Department of Geosciences, University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. 5Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani AS, P.O. Box 613, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. 6NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Fantoftvegen 38, 5072 Bergen, Norway. 7Skotte & Co. AS, Hatlevegen 1, 6240 Ørskog, Norway. 8Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway. E-mail corresponding author (Kim Senger): [email protected] The beginning of the Norwegian oil industry is often attributed to the first exploration drilling in the North Sea in 1966, the first discovery in 1967 and the discovery of the supergiant Ekofisk field in 1969. However, petroleum exploration already started onshore Svalbard in 1960 with three mapping groups from Caltex and exploration efforts by the Dutch company Bataaffse (Shell) and the Norwegian private company Norsk Polar Navigasjon AS (NPN). NPN was the first company to spud a well at Kvadehuken near Ny-Ålesund in 1961. -
Climate in Svalbard 2100
M-1242 | 2018 Climate in Svalbard 2100 – a knowledge base for climate adaptation NCCS report no. 1/2019 Photo: Ketil Isaksen, MET Norway Editors I.Hanssen-Bauer, E.J.Førland, H.Hisdal, S.Mayer, A.B.Sandø, A.Sorteberg CLIMATE IN SVALBARD 2100 CLIMATE IN SVALBARD 2100 Commissioned by Title: Date Climate in Svalbard 2100 January 2019 – a knowledge base for climate adaptation ISSN nr. Rapport nr. 2387-3027 1/2019 Authors Classification Editors: I.Hanssen-Bauer1,12, E.J.Førland1,12, H.Hisdal2,12, Free S.Mayer3,12,13, A.B.Sandø5,13, A.Sorteberg4,13 Clients Authors: M.Adakudlu3,13, J.Andresen2, J.Bakke4,13, S.Beldring2,12, R.Benestad1, W. Bilt4,13, J.Bogen2, C.Borstad6, Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljødirektoratet) K.Breili9, Ø.Breivik1,4, K.Y.Børsheim5,13, H.H.Christiansen6, A.Dobler1, R.Engeset2, R.Frauenfelder7, S.Gerland10, H.M.Gjelten1, J.Gundersen2, K.Isaksen1,12, C.Jaedicke7, H.Kierulf9, J.Kohler10, H.Li2,12, J.Lutz1,12, K.Melvold2,12, Client’s reference 1,12 4,6 2,12 5,8,13 A.Mezghani , F.Nilsen , I.B.Nilsen , J.E.Ø.Nilsen , http://www.miljodirektoratet.no/M1242 O. Pavlova10, O.Ravndal9, B.Risebrobakken3,13, T.Saloranta2, S.Sandven6,8,13, T.V.Schuler6,11, M.J.R.Simpson9, M.Skogen5,13, L.H.Smedsrud4,6,13, M.Sund2, D. Vikhamar-Schuler1,2,12, S.Westermann11, W.K.Wong2,12 Affiliations: See Acknowledgements! Abstract The Norwegian Centre for Climate Services (NCCS) is collaboration between the Norwegian Meteorological In- This report was commissioned by the Norwegian Environment Agency in order to provide basic information for use stitute, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Norwegian Research Centre and the Bjerknes in climate change adaptation in Svalbard. -
Terrestrial Inputs Govern Spatial Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in an Arctic Fjord System (Isfjorden, Svalbard)*
Environmental Pollution 281 (2021) 116963 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental Pollution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envpol Terrestrial inputs govern spatial distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in an Arctic fjord system (Isfjorden, Svalbard)* * Sverre Johansen a, b, c, Amanda Poste a, Ian Allan c, Anita Evenset d, e, Pernilla Carlsson a, a Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Tromsø, Norway b Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway c Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway d Akvaplan-niva, Tromsø, Norway e UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway article info abstract Article history: Considerable amounts of previously deposited persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are stored in the Received 20 July 2020 Arctic cryosphere. Transport of freshwater and terrestrial material to the Arctic Ocean is increasing due to Received in revised form ongoing climate change and the impact this has on POPs in marine receiving systems is unknown This 11 March 2021 study has investigated how secondary sources of POPs from land influence the occurrence and fate of Accepted 13 March 2021 POPs in an Arctic coastal marine system. Available online 17 March 2021 Passive sampling of water and sampling of riverine suspended particulate matter (SPM) and marine sediments for analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was carried out Keywords: Particle transport in rivers and their receiving fjords in Isfjorden system in Svalbard. Riverine SPM had low contaminant < S e Terrestrial runoff concentrations ( level of detection-28 pg/g dw PCB14,16 100 pg/g dw HCB) compared to outer marine Environmental contaminants sediments 630-880 pg/g dw SPCB14,530e770 pg/g dw HCB). -
Seasonal Dynamics of the Marine CO System in Adventfjorden, a West
RESEARCH ARTICLE Seasonal dynamics of the marine CO2 system in Adventfjorden, a west Spitsbergen fjord Ylva Ericson1,2, Melissa Chierici1,3, Eva Falck1,2, Agneta Fransson4, Elizabeth Jones3 & Svein Kristiansen5 1Department of Arctic Geophysics, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway; 2Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 3Institute of Marine Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway; 4Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway; 5Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Abstract Keywords Marine carbonate system; aragonite; Time series of the marine CO2 system and related parameters at the IsA Sta- net community production; Arctic fjord tion, by Adventfjorden, Svalbard, were investigated between March 2015 biogeochemistry; Svalbard and November 2017. The physical and biogeochemical processes that govern changes in total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the Correspondence Ylva Ericson, Department of Arctic saturation state of the calcium carbonate mineral aragonite (ΩAr) were assessed on a monthly timescale. The major driver for TA and DIC was changes in salin- Geophysics, University Centre in Svalbard, ity, caused by river runoff, mixing and advection. This accounted for 77 and PO Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] 45%, respectively, of the overall variability. It contributed minimally to the variability in ΩAr (5%); instead, biological activity was responsible for 60% of Abbreviations the monthly variations. For DIC, the biological activity was also important, con- ArW: Arctic water; AW: Atlantic water; tributing 44%. The monthly effect of air–sea CO2 fluxes accounted for 11 and CC: coastal current; CTD: conductivity– temperature–depth instrument; DIC: 15% of the total changes in DIC and ΩAr, respectively. -
Ny-Ålesund Research Station
Ny-Ålesund Research Station Research Strategy Applicable from 2019 DEL XX / SEKSJONSTITTEL Preface Svalbard research is characterised by a high degree of interna- tional collaboration. In Ny-Ålesund more than 20 research About the Research Council of Norway institutes have long-term research and monitoring activities. The station is one of four research localities in Svalbard (Ny-Ålesund, Longyearbyen, Barentsburg and Hornsund). The Research Council of Norway is a national strategic and research community, trade and industry and the public Close cooperation between these communities is essential funding agency for research activities. The Council serves as administration. It is the task of the Research Council to identify for the further development of Ny-Ålesund. the key advisor on research policy issues to the Norwegian Norway’s research needs and recommend national priorities Photo: John-Arne Røttingen Government, the government ministries, and other central and to use different funding schemes to help to translate In 2016, the Norwegian Government announced (Meld.St.32 institutions and groups involved in research and development national research policy goals into action. The Research Council (2015-2016)) the development of a research strategy for the (R&D). The Research Council also works to increase financial provides a central meeting place for those who fund, carry out Ny-Ålesund research station. Guidelines and principles for investment in, and raise the quality of, Norwegian R&D and and utilise research and works actively to promote the research activity were established by the government in 2018 to promote innovation in a collaborative effort between the internationalisation of Norwegian research. -
First Record of Vulgarogamasus Immanis (Acari, Mesostigmata) in Svalbard
vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 35–39, 2012 doi: 10.2478/v10183−012−0001−8 First record of Vulgarogamasus immanis (Acari, Mesostigmata) in Svalbard Dariusz J. GWIAZDOWICZ 1, Torstein SOLHØY 2, Stephen J. COULSON 3, Natalia V. LEBEDEVA4 and Elena N. MELEKHINA5 1 Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, Zakład Ochrony Lasu, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60−625 Poznań, Poland <e−mail: [email protected]> 2 Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, 5200 Bergen, Norway 3 University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway 4 Russian Academy of Sciences, Southern Scientific Center, Chekhov str., 344006 Rostov on Don, Russia 5Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Kommunisticheskaya str., 28, 167928 Syktyvkar, Russia Abstract: The mesostigmatid mite Vulgarogamasus immanis (Berlese, 1904) is reported in Svalbard for the first time. The gamasid mite community of Svalbard is amongst the best known of invertebrate groups of the archipelago due to recent revisions based on fresh sam− pling campaigns. Nonetheless, a hitherto unrecorded species of gamasid mite was recently found along the strandline in Barentsburg. This record brings the total gamasid mite inven− tory of Svalbard to 23 species. The current inventory of Svalbard is bedeviled with syn− onyms and misidentifications. Nevertheless, resolving these confusions and maintaining an accurate and updated species inventory is of prime importance in understanding the ecology of this region. Especially in a period of rapid environmental change. Key words: Arctic, Spitsbergen, Barentsburg, mite, Gamasida. Introduction Svalbard lies in the high Arctic between latitudes 74° N and 81° N and longi− tudes 10° E and 35° E, some 700 km north of the Norwegian mainland. -
Heavy Rain Events in Svalbard Summer and Autumn of 2016 to 2018
Heavy Rain Events in Svalbard Summer and Autumn of 2016 to 2018 Ola Bakke Aashamar Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Meteorology Department of Geosciences Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Oslo Department of Arctic Geophysics The University Centre in Svalbard August 15, 2019 2 “ Når merket vel dere byfolk her i deres stengte gater selv det minste pust av den frihet som tindrer over Ishavets veldige rom? Sto en eneste av dere noensinne ensom under Herrens øyne i et øde av snø og natt? Stirret dere noen gang opp i polarlandets flammende nordlys og forstod de tause toner som strømmet under stjernene? Hva vet dere om de makter som taler i stormer, som roper i snøløsningens skred og som jubler i fuglefjellenes vårskrik? Ingenting. “ - Fritt etter John Giæver, Ishavets glade borgere (1956) 3 Acknowledgements First of all, I am forever grateful to my main supervisor Marius Jonassen, who with his great insight and supportive comments gave me all the motivation and help I needed along the way towards this master thesis. Big round of applause to all the amazing students and staff at UNIS who I was lucky to meet during my stays in Svalbard, and the people at MetOs in Oslo. The times shared with you inspire me both personally and professionally, and I will always keep the memories! Then I want to thank Grete Stavik-Døvle, Terje Berntsen, Frode Stordal and Karl-Johan Ullavik Bakken for admitting and guiding two lost NTNU students into studies at UiO. If not for you, who knows what would have happened. -
Svalbard (Norway)
Svalbard (Norway) Cross border travel - People - Depending on your citizenship, you may need a visa to enter Svalbard. - The Norwegian authorities do not require a special visa for entering Svalbard, but you may need a permit for entering mainland Norway /the Schengen Area, if you travel via Norway/the Schengen Area on your way to or from Svalbard. - It´s important to ensure that you get a double-entry visa to Norway so you can return to the Schengen Area (mainland Norway) after your stay in Svalbard! - More information can be found on the Norwegian directorate of immigration´s website: https://www.udi.no/en/ - Find more information about entering Svalbard on the website of the Governor of Svalbard: https://www.sysselmannen.no/en/visas-and-immigration/ - Note that a fee needs to be paid for all visa applications. Covid-19 You can find general information and links to relevant COVID-19 related information here: https://www.sysselmannen.no/en/corona-and-svalbard/ Note that any mandatory quarantine must be taken in mainland Norway, not on Svalbard! Find more information and quarantine (hotels) here: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/koronavirus-covid- 19/the-corona-situation-more-information-about-quarantine- hotels/id2784377/?fbclid=IwAR0CA4Rm7edxNhpaksTgxqrAHVXyJcsDBEZrtbaB- t51JTss5wBVz_NUzoQ You can find further information regarding the temporary travel restrictions here: https://nyalesundresearch.no/covid-info/ - Instrumentation (import/export) - In general, it is recommended to use a shipping/transport agency. - Note that due to limited air cargo capacity to and from Ny-Ålesund, cargo related to research activity should preferably be sent by cargo ship. -
Springtime Nitrogen Oxides and Tropospheric Ozone in Svalbard: Local and Long-Range Transported Air Pollution
EGU21-9126 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9126 EGU General Assembly 2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: local and long-range transported air pollution Alena Dekhtyareva1, Mark Hermanson2, Anna Nikulina3, Ove Hermansen4, Tove Svendby5, Kim Holmén6, and Rune Graversen7 1Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway ([email protected]) 2Hermanson and Associates LLC, Minneapolis, USA 3Department of Research Coordination and Planning, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Russia 4Department of Monitoring and Information Technology, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway 5Department of Atmosphere and Climate, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway 6International director, Norwegian Polar Institute, Longyearbyen, Norway 7Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Svalbard is a near pristine Arctic environment, where long-range transport from mid-latitudes is an important air pollution source. Thus, several previous studies investigated the background nitrogen oxides (NOx) and tropospheric ozone (O3) springtime chemistry in the region. However, there are also local anthropogenic emission sources on the archipelago such as coal power plants, ships and snowmobiles, which may significantly alter in situ atmospheric composition. Measurement results from three independent research projects were combined to identify the effect of emissions from various local sources on the background concentration of NOx and O3 in Svalbard. The hourly meteorological and chemical data from the ground-based stations in Adventdalen, Ny-Ålesund and Barentsburg were analysed along with daily radiosonde soundings and weekly data from O3 sondes. -
Written Exam SH-201 the History of Svalbard the University Centre in Svalbard, Monday 6 February 2012
Written exam SH-201 The History of Svalbard The University Centre in Svalbard, Monday 6 February 2012 The exam is a 3 hour written test. It consists of two parts: Part I is a multiple choice test of factual knowledge. Note: This sheet with answers to part I shall be handed in. Part II (see below) is an essay part where you write extensively about one of two alternative subjects. No aids except dictionary are permitted. You may answer in English, Norwegian, Swedish or Danish. 1 2 Part I counts approximately /3 and part II counts /3 of the grade at the evaluation, but adjustment may take place. Both parts must be passed in order to pass the whole exam. Part I: Multiple choice test. Make only one cross for each question. In what year was Bjørnøya discovered by Willem 1. 1569 1596 1603 Barentsz? 2. When did land-based whaling end on Svalbard? ca. 1630 ca. 1680 ca. 1720 Which geographical region did most Russian 3. Pechora Murmansk White Sea hunters and trappers come from? When did Norwegian hunters and trappers start 4. ca. 1700 the 1750s the 1820s going to Svalbard regularly? From when dates the first map to show the whole 5. 1598 1714 1872 Svalbard archipelago? A famous scientific expedition visited Svalbard in 6. Chichagov Fram 1838–39. Which name is it known under? Recherche Svalbard was for a long time a no man’s land. In 7. Norway Sweden Russia 1871, who took an initiative to annex the islands? 8. When did Norway formally take over sovereignty? 1916 1920 1925 When was the Sysselmann (Governor of Svalbard) 9. -
Sess Report 2018
SESS REPORT 2018 The State of Environmental Science in Svalbard – an annual report Xxx 1 SESS report 2018 The State of Environmental Science in Svalbard – an annual report ISSN 2535-6321 ISBN 978-82-691528-0-7 Publisher: Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) Editors: Elizabeth Orr, Georg Hansen, Hanna Lappalainen, Christiane Hübner, Heikki Lihavainen Editor popular science summaries: Janet Holmén Layout: Melkeveien designkontor, Oslo Citation: Orr et al (eds) 2019: SESS report 2018, Longyearbyen, Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System The report is published as electronic document, available from SIOS web site www.sios-svalbard.org/SESSreport Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................................4 Authors from following institutions contributed to this report ...................................................6 Summaries for stakeholders ................................................................................................................8 Permafrost thermal snapshot and active-layer thickness in Svalbard 2016–2017 .................................................................................................................... 26 Microbial activity monitoring by the Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (MamSIOS) .................................................................................. 48 Snow research in Svalbard: current status and knowledge gaps ............................................