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Climate in Svalbard 2100
M-1242 | 2018 Climate in Svalbard 2100 – a knowledge base for climate adaptation NCCS report no. 1/2019 Photo: Ketil Isaksen, MET Norway Editors I.Hanssen-Bauer, E.J.Førland, H.Hisdal, S.Mayer, A.B.Sandø, A.Sorteberg CLIMATE IN SVALBARD 2100 CLIMATE IN SVALBARD 2100 Commissioned by Title: Date Climate in Svalbard 2100 January 2019 – a knowledge base for climate adaptation ISSN nr. Rapport nr. 2387-3027 1/2019 Authors Classification Editors: I.Hanssen-Bauer1,12, E.J.Førland1,12, H.Hisdal2,12, Free S.Mayer3,12,13, A.B.Sandø5,13, A.Sorteberg4,13 Clients Authors: M.Adakudlu3,13, J.Andresen2, J.Bakke4,13, S.Beldring2,12, R.Benestad1, W. Bilt4,13, J.Bogen2, C.Borstad6, Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljødirektoratet) K.Breili9, Ø.Breivik1,4, K.Y.Børsheim5,13, H.H.Christiansen6, A.Dobler1, R.Engeset2, R.Frauenfelder7, S.Gerland10, H.M.Gjelten1, J.Gundersen2, K.Isaksen1,12, C.Jaedicke7, H.Kierulf9, J.Kohler10, H.Li2,12, J.Lutz1,12, K.Melvold2,12, Client’s reference 1,12 4,6 2,12 5,8,13 A.Mezghani , F.Nilsen , I.B.Nilsen , J.E.Ø.Nilsen , http://www.miljodirektoratet.no/M1242 O. Pavlova10, O.Ravndal9, B.Risebrobakken3,13, T.Saloranta2, S.Sandven6,8,13, T.V.Schuler6,11, M.J.R.Simpson9, M.Skogen5,13, L.H.Smedsrud4,6,13, M.Sund2, D. Vikhamar-Schuler1,2,12, S.Westermann11, W.K.Wong2,12 Affiliations: See Acknowledgements! Abstract The Norwegian Centre for Climate Services (NCCS) is collaboration between the Norwegian Meteorological In- This report was commissioned by the Norwegian Environment Agency in order to provide basic information for use stitute, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Norwegian Research Centre and the Bjerknes in climate change adaptation in Svalbard. -
Heavy Rain Events in Svalbard Summer and Autumn of 2016 to 2018
Heavy Rain Events in Svalbard Summer and Autumn of 2016 to 2018 Ola Bakke Aashamar Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Meteorology Department of Geosciences Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Oslo Department of Arctic Geophysics The University Centre in Svalbard August 15, 2019 2 “ Når merket vel dere byfolk her i deres stengte gater selv det minste pust av den frihet som tindrer over Ishavets veldige rom? Sto en eneste av dere noensinne ensom under Herrens øyne i et øde av snø og natt? Stirret dere noen gang opp i polarlandets flammende nordlys og forstod de tause toner som strømmet under stjernene? Hva vet dere om de makter som taler i stormer, som roper i snøløsningens skred og som jubler i fuglefjellenes vårskrik? Ingenting. “ - Fritt etter John Giæver, Ishavets glade borgere (1956) 3 Acknowledgements First of all, I am forever grateful to my main supervisor Marius Jonassen, who with his great insight and supportive comments gave me all the motivation and help I needed along the way towards this master thesis. Big round of applause to all the amazing students and staff at UNIS who I was lucky to meet during my stays in Svalbard, and the people at MetOs in Oslo. The times shared with you inspire me both personally and professionally, and I will always keep the memories! Then I want to thank Grete Stavik-Døvle, Terje Berntsen, Frode Stordal and Karl-Johan Ullavik Bakken for admitting and guiding two lost NTNU students into studies at UiO. If not for you, who knows what would have happened. -
Springtime Nitrogen Oxides and Tropospheric Ozone in Svalbard: Local and Long-Range Transported Air Pollution
EGU21-9126 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9126 EGU General Assembly 2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: local and long-range transported air pollution Alena Dekhtyareva1, Mark Hermanson2, Anna Nikulina3, Ove Hermansen4, Tove Svendby5, Kim Holmén6, and Rune Graversen7 1Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway ([email protected]) 2Hermanson and Associates LLC, Minneapolis, USA 3Department of Research Coordination and Planning, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Russia 4Department of Monitoring and Information Technology, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway 5Department of Atmosphere and Climate, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway 6International director, Norwegian Polar Institute, Longyearbyen, Norway 7Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Svalbard is a near pristine Arctic environment, where long-range transport from mid-latitudes is an important air pollution source. Thus, several previous studies investigated the background nitrogen oxides (NOx) and tropospheric ozone (O3) springtime chemistry in the region. However, there are also local anthropogenic emission sources on the archipelago such as coal power plants, ships and snowmobiles, which may significantly alter in situ atmospheric composition. Measurement results from three independent research projects were combined to identify the effect of emissions from various local sources on the background concentration of NOx and O3 in Svalbard. The hourly meteorological and chemical data from the ground-based stations in Adventdalen, Ny-Ålesund and Barentsburg were analysed along with daily radiosonde soundings and weekly data from O3 sondes. -
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter Utgivna Av Statsvetenskapliga Föreningen I Uppsala 199
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter utgivna av Statsvetenskapliga föreningen i Uppsala 199 Secession och diplomati Unionsupplösningen 1905 speglad i korrespondens mellan UD, beskickningar och konsulat Redaktörer: Evert Vedung, Gustav Jakob Petersson och Tage Vedung 2017 © Statsvetenskapliga föreningen i Uppsala och redaktörerna 2017 Omslagslayout: Martin Högvall Omslagsbild: Tage Vedung, Evert Vedung ISSN 0346-7538 ISBN 978-91-513-0011-5 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326821 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326821) Tryckt i Sverige av DanagårdLiTHO AB 2017 Till professor Stig Ekman Till minnet av docent Arne Wåhlstrand Inspiratörer och vägröjare Innehåll Förord ........................................................................................................ ix Secession och diplomati – en kronologi maj 1904 till december 1905 ...... 1 Secession och diplomati 1905 – en inledning .......................................... 29 Åtta bilder och åtta processer: digitalisering av diplomatpost från 1905 ... 49 A Utrikesdepartementet Stockholm – korrespondens med beskickningar och konsulat ............................................................. 77 B Beskickningar i Europa och USA ................................................... 163 Beskickningen i Berlin ...................................................................... 163 Beskickningen i Bryssel/Haag ......................................................... 197 Beskickningen i Konstantinopel ....................................................... 202 Beskickningen -
Mesoproterozoic Frost Action at the Base of the Svinsaga Formation 291
NORWEGIAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY Mesoproterozoic frost action at the base of the Svinsaga Formation 291 Mesoproterozoic frost action at the base of the Svinsaga Formation, central Telemark, South Norway Juha Köykkä & Kauko Laajoki Köykkä, J. & Laajoki, K. 2009: Mesoproterozoic frost action ath the base of the Svinsaga Formation, central telemark, South Norway. Norwegain Journal of Geology, vol 89, pp 291-303. Trondheim 2009, ISSN 029-196X. The Mesoproterozoic Svinsaga Formation (SF) in central Telemark, South Norway, was unconformably deposited after ca. 1.347 Ga on the quartz arenite of the upper member of the Brattefjell Formation (UB), which is part of the Vindeggen Group. The unconformity is marked by a fracture zone a few meters thick developed in the UB quartz arenite. The lower part of the fracture zone, which contains sparse and closed fractures, and microfractures, grades upwards into a system of wider and mostly random oriented fractures and fracture patterns. The fractures are filled with mudstone. The fracture zone is overlain by several meters of in situ SF breccia, in which the fragments consist solely of the UB quartz arenite. The in situ breccia gradually grades into a basal breccia and clast- or matrix-supported conglomerates. The SF conglomerate beds contain solitary quartz arenite fragments and blocks up to 9.0 m3 that were derived from the UB. The fractures, fracture patterns, and microfractures in the UB quartz arenite and shattered quartz arenite fragments in the in situ SF breccia are ascribed to in situ fracturing, brecciation, and the accumulation of slightly moved blocks in a cold climate. -
Quaternary Deposits and Landscape Evolution of the Central Blue Ridge of Virginia
Geomorphology 56 (2003) 139–154 www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Quaternary deposits and landscape evolution of the central Blue Ridge of Virginia L. Scott Eatona,*, Benjamin A. Morganb, R. Craig Kochelc, Alan D. Howardd a Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA b U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA c Department of Geology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA d Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA Received 30 August 2002; received in revised form 15 December 2002; accepted 15 January 2003 Abstract A catastrophic storm that struck the central Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains in June 1995 delivered over 775 mm (30.5 in) of rain in 16 h. The deluge triggered more than 1000 slope failures; and stream channels and debris fans were deeply incised, exposing the stratigraphy of earlier mass movement and fluvial deposits. The synthesis of data obtained from detailed pollen studies and 39 radiometrically dated surficial deposits in the Rapidan basin gives new insights into Quaternary climatic change and landscape evolution of the central Blue Ridge Mountains. The oldest depositional landforms in the study area are fluvial terraces. Their deposits have weathering characteristics similar to both early Pleistocene and late Tertiary terrace surfaces located near the Fall Zone of Virginia. Terraces of similar ages are also present in nearby basins and suggest regional incision of streams in the area since early Pleistocene–late Tertiary time. The oldest debris-flow deposits in the study area are much older than Wisconsinan glaciation as indicated by 2.5YR colors, thick argillic horizons, and fully disintegrated granitic cobbles. -
Glossary of Stratigraphic Names
Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 23, 2021 Glossary of stratigraphic names This index attempts to list in alphabetical order all proper strati- completed here in square brackets where it differs. Constituent graphic names from Svalbard literature. It cannot be complete, units are listed generally from the top down. although most names encountered during work on this book have As explained in Sections 18.3 and 19.3.2 correlated units in the an entry. Each entry begins with the name and its stratigraphic rank Hammerfest Basin have been included. abbreviated. The name occurs and may be defined in the translation of the Aavatsmarkbreen Fm (Harland et al. 1993) Comfortlessbreen Russian Publication of Gramberg et al. (1990, Dallmann & Mork Gp; V2, Edi; 9 13. 1991 (eds)). This is a valuable source of further information which * Aberdeenflya Fm (SKS 1996, after Rye Larsen ) McVitiepynten supplements this work. Gramberg et al. is indeed especially valu- Sbgp; Pg; 9 20. able because the Russian entries are interpreted by the authors' *t Adriabukta Fro. (Birkenmajer & Turnau 1962) Billefjorden Gp; colleagues. However, the presently recommended equivalents of Meranfjellet, Julhogda, Haitanna mbrs; Cl,Tou-Vis; 10, 17. many named units are different from that work. :~t Adventdalen Gp (Parker 1967) Janusfjellet Subgp; Carolinefjel- * Names have been recommended for use by the Stratigrafisk let, Helvetiafjellet, Rurikfjellet, Agardhfjellet, Kong Karls Komite for Svalbard (SKS) of Norsk Stratigrafisk Komite (NSK). Land, Kongsoya fms; J2-K~; 4 5, 19; it has been suggested to At the time of collation of this book the SKS had provisionally include Kolmule, Kolje, Knurr, Hekkingen and Fuglen fms of agreed only on post-Devonian stratigraphic nomenclature, hence Hammerfest Basin. -
Supplement of Solid Earth, 12, 1025–1049, 2021 © Author(S) 2021
Supplement of Solid Earth, 12, 1025–1049, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1025-2021-supplement © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. Supplement of Early Cenozoic Eurekan strain partitioning and decoupling in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl Correspondence to: Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the article licence. 1 S1: (a) Photographs in non-polarized and (b) polarized light of a thick section in Devonian sandstone including fractured quartz (qz) crosscut by healed fractures (hf) showing no displacement and by quartz-rich cataclastic fault rock filled with calcite cement (upper part); (c) Photographs in non-polarized and (d) polarized light of cataclased Devonian sandstone comprised of quartz crystals showing mild undulose extinction (ue) and grainsize reduction along the subvertical, east-dipping fault in the gully under the coal mine in Pyramiden (see Figure 2 for the location of the fault). Brittle cracks incorporate clasts of quartz, and a matrix of quartz, calcite and brownish, iron-rich clay minerals. 2 S2: Uninterpreted seismic sections in Sassenfjorden–Tempelfjorden (a–f) and Reindalspasset (g). See Figure 1b for location. 3 S3: Field photograph of steeply east-dipping, partly overturned Lower Devonian dark sandstone near the bottom of the gully below the mine entrance. 4 S4: Uninterpreted field photograph of Figure 3b in Pyramiden. 5 S5: (a) Interpreted and (b) uninterpreted field photograph along the northern shore of Sassenfjorden showing uppermost Pennsylvanian–lower Permian strata of the Wordiekammen and Gipshuken formations thrusted and folded top-west by a low-angle Eurekan thrust. -
Colluvial Deposit
Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_55-1 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Colluvial Deposit Susan W. S. Millar* Department of Geography, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA Synonyms Colluvial depositional system; Colluvial mantle; Colluvial soil; Colluvium; Debris slope; Hillslope (or hillside) deposits; Scree (UK); Slope mantle; Slope-waste deposits; Talus (US) Definition A sedimentary deposit composed of surface mantle that has accumulated toward the base of a slope as a result of transport by gravity and non-channelized flow. Description The International Geomorphological Association recognizes colluvium as a hillslope deposit resulting from two general nonexclusive processes (Goudie 2004). Rainwash, sheetwash, or creep can generate sediment accumulations at the base of gentle slopes; or non-channelized flow can initiate sheet erosion and toe-slope sediment accumulation. The term “colluvium” is frequently applied broadly to include mass wasting deposits in a variety of topographic and climatic settings. For example, Blikra and Nemec (1998) describe colluvium as any “clastic slope-waste material, typically coarse grained and immature, deposited in the lower part and foot zone of a mountain slope or other topographic escarpment, and brought there chiefly by sediment-gravity processes.” Lang and Honscheidt (1999) describe colluvium as “slope wash and tillage sediments, resulting from soil erosion....” The composition of a colluvial deposit can therefore be coarse-grained, eroded bedrock, with an open-work structure and several meters thick (Blikra and Nemec 1998), to fine-grained soil, ranging from a few millimeters to meters in thickness (e.g., Lang and Hönscheidt 1999). Some deposits may exhibit distinct macro- and micro-fabric development, bedding structures, and evi- dence of distinct periods of accumulation (e.g., Bertran et al. -
And Flight Behaviour in Subpopulations of Svalbard Reindeer Rangifer
Vigilance and fright- and flight behaviour in subpopulations of Svalbard reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus in Nordenskiöld Land, Svalbard Vaktsomhet og frykt- og fluktåtferd i subpopulasjonar av svalbardrein Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus på Nordenskiöld Land, Svalbard Steinar Lund MASTER THESIS 60 CREDITS 2008 OF DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY ECOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGAMENT PREFACE This Master thesis, written at the Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, is the final 60 credits of my Master of Science degree in Natural Resource Management. The thesis is part of a larger research programme conducted by The University of Oslo. The field work was funded by The Research Council of Norway, Norwegian Polar Institute and Framkomiteens Polarfond. I would like to thank my supervisors Olav Hjeljord and Eigil Reimers. A special thanks to Eigil for thoroughly supervision throughout the whole process and for allowing me to take part in this project. Also thanks to Pål Preede Revheim and Vidar Selås for tips on the statistical part of the thesis. Last but not least, thank you Ronny Steen and Knut Fredrik Øi, my good friends and field companions in thick and thin. So many hours under the midnight sun, so many miles wandered in the spectacular landscape of Svalbard. Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås, May 13th 2008 Steinar Lund 1 ABSTRACT Svalbard reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus survival is based upon minimal energy output and optimal grazing during summer, to withstand a marginal Arctic climate. Svalbard reindeer is by nature relaxed upon encounters with humans, due to the absence of coevolution with predators and humans. -
Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska
U. S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Technical Report to Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/TR-84/1 O December' 1984 reprinted October.·2001 Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue, #13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska Herman W. Gabriel and Stephen S. Talbot The Authors HERMAN w. GABRIEL is an ecologist with the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office in Anchorage, Alaskao He holds a B.S. degree from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and a Ph.D from the University of Montanao From 1956 to 1961 he was a forest inventory specialist with the USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Regiono In 1966-67 he served as an inventory expert with UN-FAO in Ecuador. Dra Gabriel moved to Alaska in 1971 where his interest in the description and classification of vegetation has continued. STEPHEN Sa TALBOT was, when work began on this glossary, an ecologist with the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office. He holds a B.A. degree from Bates College, an M.Ao from the University of Massachusetts, and a Ph.D from the University of Alberta. His experience with northern vegetation includes three years as a research scientist with the Canadian Forestry Service in the Northwest Territories before moving to Alaska in 1978 as a botanist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. or. Talbot is now a general biologist with the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Refuge Division, Anchorage, where he is conducting baseline studies of the vegetation of national wildlife refuges. ' . Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska Herman W. -
Passive Seismic Recording of Cryoseisms in Adventdalen, Svalbard
The Cryosphere, 15, 283–302, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-283-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Passive seismic recording of cryoseisms in Adventdalen, Svalbard Rowan Romeyn1,2, Alfred Hanssen1,2, Bent Ole Ruud2,3, Helene Meling Stemland2,3, and Tor Arne Johansen2,3,4 1Department of Geosciences, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway 2Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum Exploration (ARCEx), 9037 Tromsø, Norway 3Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway 4The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway Correspondence: Rowan Romeyn ([email protected]) Received: 20 May 2020 – Discussion started: 25 June 2020 Revised: 30 October 2020 – Accepted: 7 December 2020 – Published: 20 January 2021 Abstract. A series of transient seismic events were discov- 1 Introduction ered in passive seismic recordings from 2-D geophone ar- rays deployed at a frost polygon site in Adventdalen, Sval- ◦ bard. These events contain a high proportion of surface wave Permafrost is defined as ground that remains at or below 0 C energy and produce high-quality dispersion images using for at least 2 consecutive years (French, 2017). On Svalbard, an apparent offset re-sorting and inter-trace delay minimi- an archipelago located in the climatic polar tundra zone (Kot- sation technique to locate the seismic source, followed by tek et al., 2006), at least 90 % of the land surface area not cross-correlation beamforming dispersion imaging. The dis- covered by glaciers is underlain by laterally continuous per- persion images are highly analogous to surface wave stud- mafrost (Christiansen et al., 2010; Humlum et al., 2003).