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GIANTS and GIANTESSES a Study in Norse Mythology and Belief by Lotte Motz - Hunter College, N.Y
GIANTS AND GIANTESSES A study in Norse mythology and belief by Lotte Motz - Hunter College, N.Y. The family of giants plays apart of great importance in North Germanic mythology, as this is presented in the 'Eddas'. The phy sical environment as weIl as the race of gods and men owe their existence ultimately to the giants, for the world was shaped from a giant's body and the gods, who in turn created men, had de scended from the mighty creatures. The energy and efforts of the ruling gods center on their battles with trolls and giants; yet even so the world will ultimately perish through the giants' kindling of a deadly blaze. In the narratives which are concerned with human heroes trolls and giants enter, shape, and direct, more than other superhuman forces, the life of the protagonist. The mountains, rivers, or valleys of Iceland and Scandinavia are often designated with a giant's name, and royal houses, famous heroes, as weIl as leading families among the Icelandic settlers trace their origin to a giant or a giantess. The significance of the race of giants further is affirmed by the recor ding and the presence of several hundred giant-names in the Ice landic texts. It is not surprising that students of Germanic mythology and religion have probed the nature of the superhuman family. Thus giants were considered to be the representatives of untamed na ture1, the forces of sterility and death, the destructive powers of 1. Wolfgang Golther, Handbuch der germanischen Mythologie, Leipzig 1895, quoted by R.Broderius, The Giant in Germanic Tradition, Diss. -
Þórrthe Wargod: Polemicizingmythineilífr
Þórr the War God: Polemicizing Myth in Eilífr Goðrúnarson’s Þórsdrápa Tom Grant* órsdrápa, a dróttkvætt poem composed by Eilífr Goðrúnarson around the Þyear 995, is justly considered ‘the most difficult of all skaldic poems’ (Clunies Ross 1981, 370). Indeed, much of the scholarship on Þórsdrápa in the last century has been concerned with untangling the poem’s complex textual problems (see Finnur Jónsson 1900 and 1912–13; Guðmundur Finnbogason 1924; Kock 1924; Reichardt 1948; Kiil 1956; Lie 1976). Þórsdrápa is quoted in extenso in the R, W, and T versions of Snorra Edda, where it is used to substantiate Snorri’s prose narration of the myth of Þórr’s visit to Geirrøðr, though it is improbable that the poem exists in its entirety here. In the most recent edition of Þórsdrápa, Edith Marold inserts three verses from elsewhere in Skáldskaparmál and one from the Third Grammatical Treatise, though to date there has been little editorial consensus on precisely which, if any, of these verses ought to belong to the poem. Likewise it is not certain that Eilífr’s poem originally began and ended * I am grateful to Edith Marold, Margaret Clunies Ross, and Tarrin Wills for allowing me to use the edition of Þórsdrápa from the forthcoming third volume of the Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages series. My thanks go also to Russell Poole, who provided a great deal of helpful advice while this paper was in preparation. Tom Grant ([email protected]) is a graduate student in the Department of AngloSaxon, Norse and Celtic at the University of Cambridge. -
Here Be Heathens: the Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno-Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature
Lokaverkefni til MA-gráðu í Norrænni trú Félagsvísindasvið Here be Heathens: The Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno-Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature Lyonel D. Perabo Norrænn trú Félags- og mannvísindadeild May 2016 Here be Heathens The Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno-Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature Lyonel D. Perabo Supervisor Terry Gunnell Faculty Representative Terry Gunnell Faculty of Social and Human Sciences School of Social Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík, May 2016 Here be Heathens: The Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno-Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature Faculty of Social and Human Sciences School of Social Sciences University of Iceland Sæmundargata 2 101, Reykjavík Iceland Telephone: 525 4000 Bibliographic information: Lyonel D. Perabo, 2016, Here be Heathens: The Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno- Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature, Master’s thesis, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Iceland, pp. 222. Printing: Háskólaprent ehf. Tromsø, Norway: May 2016 "1 Abstract The present thesis involves a study of the various ways in which the Northernmost regions of Fenno-Scandinavia and their inhabitants were depicted as being associated with the supernatural in pre-Modern literature. Its findings are based on an exhaustive study of the numerous texts engaging with this subject, ranging from the Roman era to the publication of the Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus of Olaus Magnus in 1555. The thesis presents and analyses the most common supernatural motifs associated with this Far- Northern area, which include animal transformation, sorcery and pagan worship, as well as speculating about their origins, and analyzes the ways in which such ideas and images evolved, both over time and depending on the nature of the written sources in which they appear. -
Turville Petre Myth and Religion of the North
Myth and Religion of the North The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia E. O. G. TURVILLE-PETRE GREENWOOD PRESS, PUBLISHERS WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT ( —— CONTENTS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Turville -Petrs, Edward Oswald Gabriel. Myth and religion of the North. Reprint of the ed. published by Holt, Rinehart and PREFACE ix Winston, New York. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I THE SOURCES I -Religion. 1. Mythology, Norse. 2. Scandinavia- Introductory—Old Norse Poetry—Histories and Sagas I. Title. Snorri Sturluson—Saxo Grammaticus [BL860.T8 1975] 293' -0948 75-5003 ISBN 0-8371-7420-1 II OBINN 35 God of Poetry—Lord of the Gallows—God of War—Father of Gods and Men— 5dinn and his Animals—Odinn’s Names Odinn’s Eye—The Cult of Odinn—Woden-Wotan / III VxV‘~W'- \ THOR 75 Thdr and the Serpent—Thdr and the Giants—Thdr’s Ham- mer and his Goats—The Worship of Thor—Thdr in the Viking Colonies—Thdr-Thunor—Conclusion IV BALDR 106 The West Norse Sources—Saxo—The Character of Baldr and his Cult Continental and English Tradition * 2551069268 * — Filozoficka fakulta V LOKI 126 Univerzity Karlovy v Praze VI HEIMDALL 147 VII THE VANIR 156 The War of the JSsir and Vanir—Njord—Freyr-Frddi-Ner- thus-Ing—Freyja Winston, New York Originally published in 1964 by Holt, Rinehart and VIII LESSER-KNOWN DEITIES 180 1964 by E.O.G. Turville-Petre Copyright © Tyr—UI1—Bragi—Idunn—Gefjun—Frigg and others permission of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Reprinted with the IX THE DIVINE KINGS 190 Reprinted in 1975 by Greenwood Press X THE DIVINE HEROES 196 A division -
Investigations Into Germanic Mythology, Volume 1 by Viktor Rydberg
Undersökningar i Germanisk Mytologi, första delen. Investigations into Germanic Mythology, Volume 1 by Viktor Rydberg III. THE MYTH CONCERNING THE GERMANIC PREHISTORY AND THE EMIGRATIONS FROM THE NORTH. 20. THE CREATION OF MAN. THE PRIMEVAL COUNTRY. SCEF, THE BRINGER OF CULTURE. The human race, or at least the Germanic race, springs, according to the myth, from a single pair, and has accordingly had a center from which their descendants have spread over that world which was embraced by the Germanic horizon. The story of the creation of this pair has its root in a myth of ancient Indo-European origin, according to which the first parents were plants before they became human beings. The Iranian version of the story is preserved in Bundahishn, chap. 15.1 There it is stated that the first human pair grew at the time of the autumnal equinox in the form of a rheum ribes2 with a single stalk. After the lapse of fifteen years, the bush had put forth fifteen leaves. The man and woman who developed in and with it were closely united, forming one body, so that it could not be seen which one was the man and which one the woman, and they held their hands close to their ears. Nothing revealed whether the splendor of Ahura Mazda - that is to say, the soul - was yet in them or not. Then said Ahura Mazda to Mashia (the man) and to Mashiana (the woman): "Be human beings; become the parents of the world!" And from being plants, they got the form of human beings, and Ahura Mazda urged them to think good thoughts, speak good words, and do good deeds. -
Zunino Hombres Del-Norte.Pdf
Hombres del Norte HOMBRES DEL NORTE 1 Hombres del Norte Mitología Nórdica 2 Hombres del Norte Índice PARTE PRIMERA: MITOLOGÍA NÓRDICA…………………………PÁG. 02 Introducción……………………………………………………………………….……………pág. 03 Los Aesir………………………………………………………………………………………….pág. 18 Los Vanir……………………………………………………………………………………….…pág. 45 Poesía Antiguo-Nordica……………………………………………………………….…….pág. 50 Las Nornas……………………………………………………………………………………….pág. 57 Las Valkirias…………………………………………………………………………………….pág. 59 Jotun, Los Gigantes………………………………………………………………………….pág. 64 Los Enanos……………………………………………………………………………………...pág. 91 Bestias……………………………………………………………………………………………pág. 98 Lugares Mitológicos………………………………………………………………………..pág. 106 Artefactos………………………………………………………………………………………pág. 115 PARTE SEGUNDA: BREVE HISTORIA DE LOS VIKINGOS…PÁG. 123 3 Hombres del Norte Mitología nórdica: Introducción. La mitología nórdica o escandinava comprende la religión pre-cristiana, creencias y leyendas de los pueblos escandinavos, incluyendo aquellos que se asentaron en Islandia, donde las fuentes escritas de la mitología nórdica fueron reunidas. Es la versión mejor preservada de la antigua mitología germana, común a todos los pueblos germanos, que también incluye la estrechamente relacionada mitología anglosajona. La mitología germana, a su vez, ha evolucionado de una mitología indo-europea más temprana. La mitología nórdica era una colección de creencias e historias compartidas por los pueblos germanos septentrionales. No era una religión revelada, pues no había una verdad entregada por los divinos a los mortales -
The Prose Edda
The Prose Edda of Snorri Sturlson Translated by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur [1916] The Prose Edda is a text on Old Norse Poetics, written about 1200 by the Icelandic poet and politican Snorri Sturlson, who also wrote the Heimskringla. The Prose Edda contains a wide variety of lore which a Skald (poet) of the time would need to know. The text is of interest to modern readers because it contains consistent narratives of many of the plot lines of Norse mythology. Although Snorri was a Christian, he treated the ancient Pagan mythology with great respect. To this end, Snorri created a quasi-historical backstory for the Norse Gods. Hence the Prose Edda is of interest because it contains one of the first attempts to devise a rational explanation for mythological and legendary events. It is also notable because it contains fragments of a number of manusripts which Snorri had access to, but which are now lost. THE PROSE EDDA BY SNORRI STURLUSON TRANSLATED FROM THE ICELANDIC WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY ARTHUR GILCHRIST BRODEUR, Ph.D. Instructor in English Philology in the University of California NEW YORK THE AMERICAN-SCANDINAVIAN FOUNDATION 1916 {scanned at sacred-texts.com, July 2001} TO WILLIAM HENRY SCHOFIELD WHO MADE THE WORK POSSIBLE THE TRANSLATOR RENDERS THE TRIBUTE OF THIS BOOK INTRODUCTION ix PROLOGUE 1 GYLFAGINNING 11 SKÁLDSKAPARMAL 87 INDEX 243 INTRODUCTION THE life of Snorri Sturluson fell in a great but contradictory age, when all that was noble and spiritual in men seemed to promise social regeneration, and when bloody crimes and sordid ambitions gave this hope the lie. -
Heimskringla I
SNORRI STURLUSON HEIMSKRINGLA VOLUME I The printing of this book is made possible by a gift to the University of Cambridge in memory of Dorothea Coke, Skjæret, 1951 Snorri SturluSon HEiMSKRINGlA VOLUME i tHE BEGINNINGS TO ÓlÁFr TRYGGVASON translated by AliSon FinlAY and AntHonY FAulKES ViKinG SoCiEtY For NORTHErn rESEArCH uniVErSitY CollEGE lonDon 2011 © VIKING SOCIETY 2011 ISBN: 978-0-903521-86-4 The cover illustration is of the ‘Isidorean’ mappamundi (11th century), of unknown origin, diameter 26 cm, in Bayerische Staatsbibliotek, Munich, Clm 10058, f. 154v. It is printed here by permission of Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. East is at the top, Asia fills the top half, Europe is in the bottom left hand quadrant, Africa in the bottom right hand quadrant. The earliest realisations of Isidore’s description of the world have the following schematic form: E ASIA MEDITERRANEUM N TANAIS NILUS S EVROPA AFRICA W Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ vii Authorship ...................................................................................... vii Sources ............................................................................................. ix Manuscripts ....................................................................................xiii Further Reading ............................................................................. xiv This Translation ............................................................................ -
Viktor Rydberg's TEUTONIC MYTHOLOGY
Teutonic Mythology TO HIS MAJESTY KING OSCAR II., THE RULER OF THE ARYAN PEOPLE OF THE SCANDINAVIAN PENINSULA, THE PROMOTER OF THE SCIENCES, THE CROWNED POET, THIS WORK IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR, AND TRANSLATOR, VIKTOR RYDBERG. RASMUS B. ANDERSON. STOCKHOLM, November 20, 1887. HON. RASMUS B. ANDERSON, United States Minister, Copenhagen, Denmark. DEAR SIR, It gives me pleasure to authorise you to translate into English my work entitled "Researches in Teutonic Mythology," being convinced that no one could be found better qualified for this task than yourself. Certainly no one has taken a deeper interest than you in spreading among our Anglo-Saxon kinsmen, not only a knowledge of our common antiquity, but also of what modern Scandinavia is contributing to the advancement of culture—a work in which England and the United States of America are taking so large a share. Yours faithfully, VIKTOR RYDBERG. INTRODUCTION. A. THE ANCIENT ARYANS. 1. THE WORDS GERMAN AND GERMANIC. ALREADY at the beginning of the Christian era the name Germans was applied by the Romans and Gauls to the many clans of people whose main habitation was the extensive territory east of the Rhine, and north of the forest-clad Hercynian Mountains. That these clans constituted one race was evident to the Romans, for they all had a striking similarity in type of body; moreover, a closer acquaintance revealed that their numerous dialects were all variations of the same parent language, and finally, they resembled each other in customs, traditions, and religion. The characteristic features of the physical type of the Germans were light hair, blue eyes, light complexion, and tallness of stature as compared with the Romans. -
Edda, Skáldskaparmál
Snorri Sturluson Edda Skáldskaparmál 1 Snorri Sturluson Edda Skáldskaparmál 1. Introduction, Text and Notes Edited by ANTHONY FAULKES VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 1998 © Anthony Faulkes 1998 First published by Viking Society for Northern Research 1998 Reprinted with minor corrections 2007 ISBN: 978 0 903521 36 9 Volume 1 978 0 903521 38 3 Volume 2 Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter Contents of Volume 1 Introduction ............................................................................. vii Title ....................................................................................... vii Synopsis ...............................................................................viii The composition of the work ............................................... x Date and authorship.............................................................. xi The verse quotations ..........................................................xiii The flulur .............................................................................. xv The dialogue frame...........................................................xviii The prose narratives .......................................................... xxii The analysis of poetic diction .......................................... xxv Purpose............................................................................xxxvii Manuscripts ..................................................................... xxxix This edition ........................................................................... -
The Uppsala Edda
The Uppsala Edda Snorri Sturluson The Uppsala Edda DG 11 4to Edited with introduction and notes by Heimir Pálsson Translated by Anthony Faulkes VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH u NIVERSITY COllEGE lONDON 2012 © Heimir Pálsson 2012 ISBN 978-0-903521-85-7 Printed by Short Run Press limited, Exeter Contents Preface ...................................................................................................vii Introduction ...........................................................................................xi 1 Snorri Sturluson................................................................................xi 1.1 From Oddi to Reykjaholt ...........................................................xi 1.2 The trip to Norway and return home (1218–20) ......................xix 1.3 Back to Norway (1237) ..........................................................xxiv 1.4 The wrong horse backed .........................................................xxv 1.5 ‘Do not strike!’ .......................................................................xxvi 2 Manuscripts ...................................................................................xxx 2.1 DG 11 4to ................................................................................xxx 2.2 Paper copies .........................................................................xxxiv 2.3 Manuscript relations ................................................................xlii 3 How did the text of the Edda come into being? ............................xliv 3.1 Myths ......................................................................................xliv -
Heimskringla
SNORRI STURLUSON HEIMSKRINGLA VOLUME I The printing of this book is made possible by a gift to the University of Cambridge in memory of Dorothea Coke, Skjæret, 1951 Snorri SturluSon HEiMSKRINGlA VOLUME i tHE BEGINNINGS TO ÓlÁFr TRYGGVASON second edITIon translated by AliSon FinlAY and AntHonY FAulKES ViKinG SoCiEtY For NORTHErn rESEArCH uniVErSitY CollEGE lonDon 2016 © VIKING SOCIETY 2011/2016 ISBN: 978-0-903521-94-9 second edition 2016 The cover illustration is of the ‘Isidorean’ mappamundi (11th century), of unknown origin, diameter 26 cm, in Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, Clm 10058, f. 154v. It is printed here by permission of Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. East is at the top, Asia fills the top half, Europe is in the bottom left hand quadrant, Africa in the bottom right hand quadrant. The earliest realisations of Isidore’s description of the world have the following schematic form: E ASIA MEDITERRANEUM N TANAIS NILUS S EVROPA AFRICA W Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ vii Authorship ...................................................................................... vii Sources ............................................................................................. ix Manuscripts ....................................................................................xiii Further Reading ............................................................................. xiv This Translation ............................................................................