DOCSLIB.ORG

Manuscript Title

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Manuscript Title KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 24(1): 122-129, 2021 KSU J. Agric Nat 24(1): 122-129, 2021 https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.734355 Sumbas İlçesi Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Yerel Cin Mısır (Zea mays everta) Popülâsyonlarının Kalite Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi Leyla İDIKUT1, Mustafa ÖNEM2, Gülay ZULKADIR3 1,2Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, 46100, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, 3Mersin Üniversitesi, Silifke Uygulamalı Teknolojik ve İşletmecilik Yüksekokulu, Organik Tarım İşletmeciliği Bölümü, 33940, Mersin, Türkiye 1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7158,2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-2055,3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-4011 : [email protected] ÖZET Araştırma Makalesi Bu araştırma yerel cin mısır popülasyonlarının Osmaniye ili Sumbas ilçesi koşullarında verim performanslarının araştırılarak bu ekolojiye Makale Tarihçesi uygun yüksek verimli ve kaliteli cin mısır çeşitlerini belirlemek Geliş Tarihi : 08.05.2020 amacıyla 2014 yılında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme Kabul Tarihi : 04.07.2020 desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulan bu araştırmada 2 adet yerel cin mısır çeşidi ve 15 adet yerel cin mısır popülasyonu Anahtar Kelimeler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada incelenen popcorn genotiplerinin kalite Yerel patlak mısır özelliklerinin en düşük ve en yüksek değerler sırasıyla bin tane Patlama oranı ağırlığının 128.79 - 181.06 g, patlamayan tane oranının % 0.02 - 0.08, Protein oranı patlama oranının % 0.93 - 0.98, 50 g tanenin patlama hacminin 15.55 Nişasta oranı - 21.78 cm3 g-¹, protein oranının % 8.44 - 16.65, yağ oranının % 3.003 Yağ oranı - 6.65), kuru madde oranının % 86.65 - 88.003, nişasta oranının % 76.76 - 80.17 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak en yüksek protein ve yağ değeri Sakarya Han köyünden toplanan popülasyondan elde edildiği ve patlama oranının da iyi olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Yerel cin mısırı popülasyonlarından Bafra Koşuköy, Çanakkale Patlak, Balıkesir Beyaz Cin ve Çanakkale Beyaz Cin mısır populasyonları 1000 tane ağırlığı; Samsun Beyaz Cin ve Kdirli Cin mısır populasyonları patlama oranları; Çanakkale Sarı Cin, Samsun Merkez ve Bafra Koşuköy mısır populasyonları patlama hacmi; Sakarya Hanköyü protein, yağ ve nişasta oranları bakımından ve Edirne Beyaz Cin, Kadirli Cin ve Çanakkale Patlak mısır populasyonları kuru madde oranı yönünden ticari çeşit olan Nermin Cin ve Ant Cin 98’den daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Determination of Quality Criteria of Local Popcorn (Zea mays everta) Populations Grown in Sumbas District Conditions ABSTRACT Research Article This research was conducted in 2014 in order to determine the high- yielding and quality popcorn varieties by investigating the yield Article History performances of landraces popcorn populations in Sumbas district Received : 08.05.2020 conditions of Osmaniye province. This study was designed as a Accepted : 04.07.2020 randomized block with four replications. Plant materials used in the trials were 2 local popcorn varieties and 15 local popcorn populations. Keywords The lowest and highest values of the quality characteristics of popcorn Landraces popcorn genotypes examined in the study were 128.79-181.06 g, 0.02-0.08%, Popping rate 0.93-0.98 %, 15.55-21.78 cm3 g-¹, 8.44-16.65%, 3.003-6.65%, 86.65- Protein ratio 88.003%, and 76.76-80.17% for one thousand grain weight, unpopped Starch ratio kernel rate, popping rate, the popping volume of 50 g grains, protein Oil ratio ratio, oil ratio, dry matter ratio, and starch ratio, respectively. As a result, it was recorded that the highest protein and oil ratiowas obtained from the population collected from Sakarya Hankoyu. It was determined that landraces popcorn populations sustained higher values than the commercial variety Nermin pop and Ant pop 98, Bafra Koşuköy, Çanakkale Patlak, Balıkesir White Gin and Çanakkale White Cin maize populations in terms of 1000 grain weight; Samsun KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 24(1): 122-129, 2021 Araştırma Makalesi KSU J. Agric Nat 24(1): 122-129, 2021 Research Article White Cin and Kadirli Cin corn populations in terms of popping rates; Çanakkale Sarı Cin, Samsun Merkez and Bafra Koşuköy corn populations in terms of popping volume; Sakarya Hanköyü in terms of protein, oil and starch ratios and Edirne White Cin, Kadirli Cin and Çanakkale Popcorn populations in terms of dry matter ratio. Atıf İçin: İdikut L, Önem M, Zülkadir G 2021. Sumbas İlçesi Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Yerel Cin Mısır (Zea mays everta) Popülâsyonlarının Kalite Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 24(1): 122-129. https://doi.org/ 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.734355. To Cite: İdikut L, Önem M, Zülkadir G 2021. Determination of Quality Criteria of Local Popcorn (Zea mays everta) Populations Grown in Sumbas District Conditions. KSU J. Agric Nat 24(1): 122-129. https://doi.org/ 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.734355. GİRİŞ zaman içerisinde genetik çeşitliliği yüksek olan doğal Mısır (Zea mays L.), Türkiye’de buğday ve arpadan populasyonların azalmasına neden olmuştur. Yerel sonra en çok üretilen tahıl bitkisidir (TÜİK 2020). populasyonlar hibritlere kıyasla daha az verim Çoğunlukla yüksek protein ve özellikle A vitamini vermekte (Özkaynak ve Samancı 2003) fakat olumsuz yönünden zengin olan danenin % 82.5 gibi büyük koşullara karşı daha dayanıklı (Dwivedi ve ark. 2016) oranını endosperm oluşturarak iyi bir konsantre gıda olmaktadır. olarak kullanılan (Tekçe ve Gül 2014) ve yetiştirilen Yerel populasyonların biyotik ve abiyotik streslere cin mısırı, son yıllarda biyoyakıt kaynağı olarak da karşı dayanıklılığı dikkate alınarak, yerel çeşitlerin giderek önemi artmaktadır (Lana ve ark. 2017). korunması ve tarımın sürdürülmesi gerekmektedir. Dünya’da mısır üretimi 2014 yılında 1.039.226.655 ton Yerel çeşit kullanımının özendirilmesi ile adaptasyon olup, bu değer Türkiye’de 5.950.000 ton’dur. Aradan yeteneği yüksek, strese dayanıklı genetik materyalin geçen dört yılda bu değerler sırasıyla 1.147.689.084 ve devamlılığının sağlanması sağlanacak, ticari tohum 5.700.000 ton olmuştur (FAOSTAT 2020). Türkiye’de için harcama yapmasının önüne geçilecek, ülke üretilen mısırın ekim alanları incelendiğinde ise en ekonomisine de katkı sağlanmış olacaktır. Ayrıca yerel fazla ekim yapılan illerin Kahramanmaraş- Elbistan, çeşitler ıslah çalışmalarında vazgeçilemez genetik Çukurova (Adana-Mersin), Aydın, Denizli, Kayseri, materyal çeşitliliğini taşımaktadır. Konya, Karaman ve Kırşehir olduğu görülmüştür Bu çalışmada, Sumbas ve Kadirli yöresinde cin mısır (Öztürk ve ark. 2016). ekimini geliştirmek için, Türkiye genelinden toplanan Dünyada mısır üretim ve tüketimi kullanım amacına 17 adet yerel cin mısırı popülasyonu ekilerek bitkisel bağlı olarak alt varyetelerde farklılık göstermektedir. ve verim yönünden üstün özelliklere sahip Tüm varyeteler arasında patlak mısır bitki ve tohum genotiplerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. özellikleri bakımından ayırt edici özelliği bulunmaktadır. Patlak mısır ısıl işleme maruz MATERYAL ve METOD bırakıldığında genişleyen endosperm içeriği, sert Materyal tohum kabuğunu yırtarak patlar ve hacmi genişler. Araştırma, 2 adet yerli ticari çeşit ve 15 adet yerel Ayrıca içerdiği yüksek lif, vitamin ve mineraller gibi popülasyon olmak üzere, toplam 17 adet cin mısır besin içeriği (Öztürk ve ark. 2016), mide asidi emilimi genotipi, 2014 yılı Mart- Temmuz ayları arasında ile sağlıklı ve besleyici bir aperatif ürün olması, açlık Osmaniye ili Sumbas ilçesi koşullarında hissini azaltıp tokluk hissi vermesi ve bütün tahıl gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede kullanılan olarak kalori miktarının da düşük (Jele ve ark. 2014) materyaller, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden temin olması nedenleri ile atıştırmalık yiyecek olarak edilmiş ve elde edildikleri yörelere göre aşağıda patlamış mısır (Zea mays everta Sturt.) kullanımı belirtildiği gibi adlandırılmıştır (Çizelge 1). dünya çapında sürekli artmaktadır. Mısır bitkisinin açık tozlaşan bir tür olması, geniş Deneme yerine ait iklim ve toprak özellikleri morfolojik farklılıklara ve daha geniş coğrafik şartlara Denemenin yürütüldüğü yöreye ve yetiştirildiği adaptasyonunun daha kolay olmasını sağlamaktadır. sezona ait bazı iklim değerleri Çizelge 2’de verilmiştir Mısırın bu özelliği sadece adaptasyonu (Anonim 2017a). Osmaniye İli Sumbas İlçesinde 2014 kolaylaştırmamış ayrıca araştırıcılar tarafından yılındaki ortalama yağış miktarı 61.0 mm iken uzun genetik yapısının daha kolay ve yoğun olarak yıllarda yetişme dönemindeki yağış ortalaması 65.1 değiştirmesine neden olmuştur. mm’dir. Denemenin yürütüldüğü sezona ait yağış Hem araştırıcıların hem de tohum firmalarının en miktarı uzun yıllar ortalamasında düşük olduğu temel amacı üreticilerin daha yüksek verim ile elde gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca vejetasyon periyodu içerisindeki edebilecekleri yüksek kar oranı olmuştur. Bu durum dağılımı da yıllar arasında farklılıklar göstermiştir. ise hibrit tohum üretimi ve kullanımını artırmıştır. Araştırmanın yapıldığı 2014 yılında bitkinin Ancak ticari hibrit çeşitlerin artması ve yaygınlaşması gereksinim duyduğu su yağışla karşılanmayacak 123 KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 24(1): 122-129, 2021 Araştırma Makalesi KSU J. Agric Nat 24(1): 122-129, 2021 Research Article kadar düşük olduğundan, bitki ve toprak durumu Uzun yıllar ortalamasına göre, yıllık ortalama sıcaklık gözlenerek 6 kez salma sulama yapılmıştır. 20.8 °C iken yetiştirme döneminde 21.4 °C olmuştur. Bu sonuçtan da anlaşılacağı üzere uzun yıllar ortalaması yetiştirme döneminde daha yüksektir. Çizelge 1. Denemede kullanılan yerel cin mısır genotipler Uzun yıllar ortalamasına
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations
    Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations Updated November 9, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41368 SUMMARY R41368 Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations November 9, 2020 U.S.-Turkey tensions have raised questions about the future of bilateral relations and have led to congressional action against Turkey, including informal holds on major new Jim Zanotti arms sales (such as upgrades to F-16 aircraft) and efforts to impose sanctions. Specialist in Middle Nevertheless, both countries’ officials emphasize the importance of continued U.S.- Eastern Affairs Turkey cooperation and Turkey’s membership in NATO. Observers voice concerns about the largely authoritarian rule of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Clayton Thomas Turkey’s polarized electorate could affect Erdogan’s future leadership. His biggest Analyst in Middle Eastern challenge may be structural weaknesses in Turkey’s economy—including a sharp Affairs decline in Turkey’s currency—that have worsened since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic began. The following are key factors in the U.S.-Turkey relationship. Turkey’s strategic orientation and U.S./NATO basing. Traditionally, Turkey has relied closely on the United States and NATO for defense cooperation, European countries for trade and investment, and Russia and Iran for energy imports. A number of complicated situations in Turkey’s surrounding region—including those involving Syria, Libya, Nagorno-Karabakh (a region disputed by Armenia and Azerbaijan), and Eastern Mediterranean energy exploration—affect its relationships with the United States and other key actors, as Turkey seeks a more independent role. President Erdogan’s concerns about maintaining his parliamentary coalition with Turkish nationalists may partly explain his actions in some of the situations mentioned above.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Report 2009-2010
    For a better world Sustainability Report 2009 - 2010 1st Half Zorlu Energy 2009 - 2010 1st Half Sustainability Report About This Report The scope and limits of this report The reporting period This is the first sustainability report published by the Zorlu Unless otherwise indicated, this report covers the period Energy Group. The material topics of this study, which deals beginning on 1 January 2009 and ending on 30 June 2010. with the sustainability performance of the Zorlu Energy The data and other information provided within this report Group along the primary axes of environment, employees, will serve as benchmarking criteria for sustainability reports stakeholders in the broadest sense, and social responsibility, which the Zorlu Energy Group may publish in the future. were identified as a result of interviews and studies carried out at the Zorlu Energy Group with members of middle and The reporting cycle senior management employing a methodology that was both systematic and open to international review. The Zorlu The Zorlu Energy Group intends to issue its sustainability Energy Group Board of Directors has been provided with reports at 18-month intervals. The Group therefore expects detailed information about this report and its publication. to publish its next sustainability report in the first quarter of 2012. A valuable data base and reference points for this report were provided by findings which GRI indicators pertain to the ordinary, day-to-day relations of the Group with those who make up the This report has been prepared within the guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G3 international reporting Group’s stakeholders and who consist of: standard.
    [Show full text]
  • Clean Development Mechanism Project Design Document Form
    GOLD STANDARD LOCAL STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION REPORT OF HASANBEYLİ WIND POWER PLANT, TURKEY Local Stakeholder Meeting held on 24.02.2012 in Sarayova Village of Hasanbeyli District of Osmaniye Province, Turkey. CONTENTS A. Project Description 1. Project eligibility under Gold Standard 2. Current project status B. Design of Stakeholder Consultation Process 1. Description of physical meeting(s) i. Agenda ii. Non-technical summary iii. Invitation tracking table iv. Text of individual invitations v. Text of public invitations 2. Description of other consultation methods used C. Consultation Process 1. Participants’ in physical meeting(s) i. List ii. Evaluation forms 2. Pictures from physical meeting(s) 3. Outcome of consultation process i. Minutes of physical meeting(s) ii. Minutes of other consultations iii. Assessment of all comments iv. Revisit sustainable development assessment v. Summary of changes to project design based on comments D. Sustainable Development Assessment 1. Own sustainable development assessment i. ‘Do no harm’ assessment ii. Sustainable development matrix 2. Stakeholders blind sustainable development matrix 3. Consolidated sustainable development matrix E. Discussion on Sustainability Monitoring Plan F. Description of Stakeholder Feedback Round Annex 1. Local Announcement Annex 2. Newspaper Announcement Annex 3. Participation List Annex 4. Original feedback forms Gold Standard Local Stakeholder Consultation Report of Hasanbeyli WPP SECTION A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION A. 1. Project eligibility under the Gold Standard Hasanbeyli Wind Power Plant is eligible under the Gold Standard due to following conditions: 1- Hasanbeyli WPP was considered to have 50 MW capacity, which necessitate the project to be considered large scale project under rule of UNFCCC and be eligible under the Gold Standard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tropical Fig Borer, Batocera Rufomaculata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), New for Turkey
    The Tropical Fig Borer, Batocera rufomaculata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), new for Turkey by Göksel Tozlu and Hikmet Özbek Abstract: The Tropical Fig Borer, Batocera rufomaculata (De Geer, 1775) is recorded from the eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey as a genus, species and a fig pest new for Turkey. The material collected and the views of some growers suggest that B. rufomaculata was probably in- troduced to Turkey from Israel, Lebanon, Syria or Iraq in the 1970s. Kurzfassung: Der Tropische Feigenbohrer, Batocera rufomaculata (De Geer, 1775) wird erst- mals aus der Türkei gemeldet, und zwar aus der östlichen Mittelmeeregion. Nicht nur die Art, auch der Genus ist neu für die Türkei; auch als Feigenschädling wird die Art in der Türkei erst- mals registriert. Aufgrund des gesammelten Materials und aufgrund von Berichten von Feigenan- bauern wird geschlossen, daß B. rufomaculata in die Türkei wahrscheinlich aus Israel, dem Liba- non, Syrien oder dem Irak eingeschleppt wurde. Key words: Batocera rufomaculata, Cerambycidae, fig borer, new record, new pest, alien spe- cies, Turkey, Middle East. Introduction The Tropical Fig Borer, Batocera rufomaculata (De Geer, 1775), has a tropical distribution, extending from southern China through Malaya, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and Mauritius to eastern Africa (AVIDOV & HARPAZ 1969, KATBEH-BADER 1996). This pest species was introduced into Israel in 1949 (AVIDOV & HARPAZ 1969) and into Jordan in the 1940s (KAT- BEH-BADER 1996). Following this, HEYROVSKY (1963) recorded the presence of this species in Jordan in 1957. Although HALPERIN & HOLZSCHUH (1993) indicated that B. rufomaculata has been disappearing in Israel since the 1970s, more recently KATBEH-BADER (pers.
    [Show full text]
  • OSMANİYE ARKEOLOJİK KÜLTÜR VARLIKLARI ENVANTERİ ÇALIŞMASI (2007-2008) CULTURAL INVENTORY Project of the ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES in OSMANIYE PROVINCE (2007-2008)
    7 TÜBA-KED 7/2009 OSMANİYE ARKEOLOJİK KÜLTÜR VARLIKLARI ENVANTERİ ÇALIŞMASI (2007-2008) CULTURAL INVENTORY PROjECT OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN OSMANIYE PROVINCE (2007-2008) Füsun TÜLEK Anahtar Sözcükler - Keywords: Höyük, kale-kent, antik yerleşim, antik çiftlik, kale, gözetleme kulesi, kilise, antik suyolu, antik köprü, zeytinyağı işliği, kaya mezar, anıt mezar, Eski Türk Mezarlığı, nekropol. Mound, city-castle, ancient settlement, villa rustica, castle, watch tower, church, ancient water system, ancient bridge, olive press, rock tomb, monumental tomb, Old Turkish Cemetery, necropolis. ÖZET Osmaniye Bölgesi kültür varlıklarını tespit etmeyi amaçlayan arkeolojik araştırmanın 2007 ve 2008yılı çalış­ maları zengin buluntularla devam etti. 2007yılında Bahçe ilçesinde yapılan araştırmada Eski Türk Mezar­ lığında kubbeli mezarların yanı sıra taş sandukalı Eski Türk mezarları da belgelendi. Bu kesme blok taştan oluşturulmuş sanduka mezarların benzerlerinin Aşağı Bozkuyu Köyünde bulunan mezarlarla şekil ve biçem açısından benzerlik göstermesi bölgede yerleşik Türkmen kültürünün devamlılığını izlemek açısından son dere­ ce önemli olmuştur. 2007yılının bir başka kayda değer çalışması ise Örenşehir kale-kentte toplanmış çanak çömlek kırıklarının incelenmesiyle, en erken tarihli olanların MS 7. yüzyıldan başlayıp 13. yüzyıla kadar olan bir zaman diliminde Emevi, Abbasi ve Bizans kültürlerine ait olduklarının belirlenmesidir. 2008yılı çalışması bilinenler ile birlikte yeni antik mezar ve höyükler saptayarak belgelemeye devam etmiştir. 2008 yılı araştır­ malarından biri olan ve çok miktarda Kalkolitik Çağ çanak çömleği ile ilk defa envantere alınan Tülek II höyüğüdür. Bunun yanısıra İskenderun Körfezi ve ovasına bakan, Kısık Boğazı'na hakim bir volkan üstün­ de yer alan Deli Halil Antik Kenti de en çarpıcı buluntular arasındadır. ABSTRACT The archaeological survey aiming to document the cultural heritage of Osmaniye Province continued in 2007 and 2008 and yielded rich finds.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid Size Sustainable Energy Financing Facility (Midseff) CABA Solar Energy Power Plant: Non-Technical Summary (NTS)
    Draft Report Mid Size Sustainable Energy Financing Facility (MidSEFF) CABA Solar Energy Power Plant: Non-Technical Summary (NTS) January 2018 Project ID: AK-10 Final Report CABA Solar Energy Power Plant: Non-Technical Summary (NTS) January 2018 This report has been prepared by “Golder Associates Ltd. Şti.” and reviewed by “MWH Mühendislik ve Müşavirlik Ltd. Şti.”, for the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in relation to the above-captioned project and is confidential to the client. Neither the Companies nor any person acting on their behalf, including any party contributing to this report, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the use of any information disclosed in this report; or assumes any liability for direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage with respect to the use of any information disclosed in this report. Any such party relies upon this report at their own risk. Prepared by Golder Associates Ltd. Şti. CABA SEPP Project ID: AK-10 Approval date Prepared by Revised by Approved by Document version G. Kurtulmuş, S.B. Cakırlar, 17th January 2018 G. D. Sener 00 E. Tanrıverdi B.Daylan FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page ii January 2018 Project ID: AK-10 Table of Contents Acronyms .................................................................................................. iv 1. General Plant Description ................................................................ 5 2. Environmental and Social Baseline ............................................... 11 2.1 Environmental Description
    [Show full text]
  • The Evaluating of Wind Energy Potential of Osmaniye
    Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 5(3): 38-48, 2020; Article no.JENRR.57469 ISSN: 2581-8368 The Evaluating of Wind Energy Potential of Osmaniye C. Kurt1, B. Yelmen2* and M. T. Çakir3 1Faculty of Lawt, Çukurova University, Adana, 01120, Turkey. 2Department of Wastewater Treatment, Adana Metropolitan Municipality, Adana, 01120, Turkey. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, 58000, Turkey. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author Yelmen designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors Kurt and Çakir managed the analyses of the study. Author Çakir managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JENRR/2020/v5i330148 Editor(s): (1) Davide Astiaso Garcia, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. Reviewers: (1) Bennouk Anasse, University sultan moulay Slimane, Morocco. (2) Warit Werapun, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57469 Received 27 March 2020 Original Research Article Accepted 03 June 2020 Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT In parallel with the rapid increase in energy consumption today, it is known that conventional energy resources will be exhausted in the near future. Renewable energy sources are becoming more important today with decreasing available fossil resources and increasing energy needs. Wind energy is a clean and renewable energy source and has a remarkable importance. Wind energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources, whose technology and use have developed rapidly and their economy has become competitive with fossil energy sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Wheat Landraces in Farmers' Fields in Turkey. National Survey, Collection
    WHEAT LANDRACES IN FARMERS’ FIELDS IN TURKEY NATIONAL SURVEY, COLLECTION ©FAО/ Mustafa Kan Mustafa ©FAО/ AND CONSERVATION, 2009-2014 ©FAО/ Mustafa Kan Mustafa ©FAО/ Kan Mustafa ©FAО/ ©FAО/ Mustafa Kan Mustafa ©FAО/ Alexey Morgounov ©FAO/ WHEAT LANDRACES IN FARMERS’ FIELDS IN TURKEY NATIONAL SURVEY, COLLECTION AND CONSERVATION, 2009-2014 Mustafa KAN, Murat KÜÇÜKÇONGAR, Mesut KESER, Alexey MORGOUNOV, Hafiz MUMINJANOV, Fatih ÖZDEMIR, Calvin QUALSET FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Ankara, 2015 Citation: FAO, 2015. Wheat Landraces in Farmers’ Fields in Turkey: National Survey, Collection, and Conservation, 2009-2014, by Mustafa Kan, Murat Küçükçongar, Mesut Keser, Alexey Morgounov, Hafiz Muminjanov, Fatih Özdemir, Calvin Qualset The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN: 978-92-5-109048-0 © FAO, 2015
    [Show full text]
  • Table 2. Geographic Areas, and Biography
    Table 2. Geographic Areas, and Biography The following numbers are never used alone, but may be used as required (either directly when so noted or through the interposition of notation 09 from Table 1) with any number from the schedules, e.g., public libraries (027.4) in Japan (—52 in this table): 027.452; railroad transportation (385) in Brazil (—81 in this table): 385.0981. They may also be used when so noted with numbers from other tables, e.g., notation 025 from Table 1. When adding to a number from the schedules, always insert a decimal point between the third and fourth digits of the complete number SUMMARY —001–009 Standard subdivisions —1 Areas, regions, places in general; oceans and seas —2 Biography —3 Ancient world —4 Europe —5 Asia —6 Africa —7 North America —8 South America —9 Australasia, Pacific Ocean islands, Atlantic Ocean islands, Arctic islands, Antarctica, extraterrestrial worlds —001–008 Standard subdivisions —009 History If “history” or “historical” appears in the heading for the number to which notation 009 could be added, this notation is redundant and should not be used —[009 01–009 05] Historical periods Do not use; class in base number —[009 1–009 9] Geographic treatment and biography Do not use; class in —1–9 —1 Areas, regions, places in general; oceans and seas Not limited by continent, country, locality Class biography regardless of area, region, place in —2; class specific continents, countries, localities in —3–9 > —11–17 Zonal, physiographic, socioeconomic regions Unless other instructions are given, class
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: PCBASIC0178487 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF EUR 135, 355,000 (US$148.80 MILLION EQUIVALENT) Public Disclosure Authorized WITH THE GUARANTEE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY TO THE ILLER BANKASI ANONIM SIRKETI FOR A MUNICIPAL SERVICES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized MARCH 16, 2020 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Water Global Practice Europe And Central Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective February 29, 2020) Currency Unit = Turkish Lir a 5. 96 TL = US$1 US$0.17 = TL 1 6.62 TL = EURO 1 EURO 0.15 TL 1 Euro 1.0 US$0.9096 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 Regional Vice President: Cyril E. Muller Country Director: Auguste Tano Kouame Regional Director: Steven N. Schonberger Practice Manager: David Michaud Task Team Leader(s): Sanyu Lutalo, Canan Yildiz ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AF Additional Financing AFAD Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (in Turkish) AFD French Development Agency (in French) ASA Advisory Services and Analytics ASKI Adana Su Ve Kanalizayson Idaresi (Adana General Directorate of Water and Wastewater Administration) BRSA Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency CAB Community Ablution Block CBA Cost-Benefit Analyses CPF Country Partnership
    [Show full text]
  • Urgent Action
    UA: 118/16 Index: EUR 44/4071/2016 Turkey Date: 19 May 2016 URGENT ACTION SYRIANS RETURNED FROM GREECE, ARBITRARILY HELD A group of 12 Syrian refugees, including four children, have been arbitrarily detained at the Düziçi camp since 27 April. They were some of the first Syrians voluntarily returned to Turkey from Greece since the signing of the EU-Turkey deal. Some have medical conditions for which they have not been receiving adequate treatment. A group of 12 Syrian refugees including six men, two women and four children aged between four and 12, were flown from the Greek island of Lesvos to Turkey on 27 April. They were some of the first Syrians voluntarily returned to Turkey from Greece since the signing of the EU-Turkey deal. When they spoke to Turkish officials in Lesvos they were told that they would be readmitted to Turkey, provided with identity documents within two to three days and that those with families in Turkey, would be reunited with them. However, upon arrival in Turkey they were taken to the Düziçi camp, in Osmaniye province, south eastern Turkey, where they have been held since. Amnesty International spoke to four of the eight adults who explained that they were interviewed by camp officials on three occasions. They were told that they would be staying in the camp for at least three months pending a decision on their cases by the authorities in Ankara. When they asked whether they could leave sooner, they were told that by signing a document for voluntary return to Syria, they could be taken to the border within days.
    [Show full text]
  • Project-Information-Document-Rail
    The World Bank Rail Logistics Improvement Project (P170532) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Information Document (PID) Appraisal Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 01-May-2020 | Report No: PIDA27699 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Apr 11, 2020 Page 1 of 17 The World Bank Rail Logistics Improvement Project (P170532) BASIC INFORMATION OPS_TABLE_BASIC_DATA A. Basic Project Data Country Project ID Project Name Parent Project ID (if any) Turkey P170532 Rail Logistics Improvement Project Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 05-May-2020 28-May-2020 Transport Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Financing Ministry of Treasury and Ministry of Transport and Finance Infrastructure Proposed Development Objective(s) The project development objective (PDO) is to reduce transport costs in selected rail freight corridors and to strengthen institutional capacity at the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MoTI) to deliver rail freight connectivity and manage rail-enabled logistics centers. Components Construction of Railway Branch Lines and Multimodal Connections at Priority Network Nodes Feasibility Studies, Detailed Engineering Designs, Environmental and Social Documentation, and Construction Supervision for Rail Last-mile Connectivity Infrastructure at Additional Freight Nodes Phase 2 COVID-19 Response Support, Institutional Strengthening, Capacity Building, and Project Implementation Support PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions) SUMMARY-NewFin1 Total Project Cost 350.00 Total Financing 350.00 of which IBRD/IDA 350.00 Financing Gap 0.00 DETAILS-NewFinEnh1 World Bank Group Financing Apr 11, 2020 Page 2 of 17 The World Bank Rail Logistics Improvement Project (P170532) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 350.00 Environmental and Social Risk Classification Substantial Decision The review did authorize the team to appraise and negotiate Other Decision (as needed) B.
    [Show full text]