Draft Report Mid Size Sustainable Energy Financing Facility (MidSEFF) CABA Solar Energy Power Plant: Non-Technical Summary (NTS)

January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Final Report CABA Solar Energy Power Plant: Non-Technical Summary (NTS)

January 2018

This report has been prepared by “Golder Associates Ltd. Şti.” and reviewed by “MWH Mühendislik ve Müşavirlik Ltd. Şti.”, for the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in relation to the above-captioned project and is confidential to the client. Neither the Companies nor any person acting on their behalf, including any party contributing to this report, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the use of any information disclosed in this report; or assumes any liability for direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage with respect to the use of any information disclosed in this report. Any such party relies upon this report at their own risk.

Prepared by Golder Associates Ltd. Şti.

CABA SEPP Project ID: AK-10

Approval date Prepared by Revised by Approved by Document version

G. Kurtulmuş, S.B. Cakırlar, 17th January 2018 G. D. Sener 00 E. Tanrıverdi B.Daylan

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page ii January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Table of Contents

Acronyms ...... iv

1. General Plant Description ...... 5

2. Environmental and Social Baseline ...... 11 2.1 Environmental Description of the Project Area ...... 11 2.2 Social Condition of the Project Areas ...... 12

3. Social and Environmental Impacts ...... 15 3.1 Land Use ...... 15 3.2 Water Use & Wastewater Management...... 15 3.3 Waste Production and Management ...... 16 3.4 Emissions: Noise and Particulate...... 16 3.5 Landscape ...... 17 3.6 Summary of Environmental and Social Impacts ...... 17

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page iii January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Acronyms

BERN Bern Convention CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment CITES The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora EBRD European Bank of Reconstruction and Development EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction ERP Emergency Response Plan ESAP Environmental and Social Action Plan ETL Energy Transmission Line EU European Union ESGA Environmental and Social Gap Analysis Report GIS Geographical Information System ha Hectare HS Health and Safety IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature kWe Kilowatt electrical kWp Kilowatt peak LC Least Concern MidSEFF Mid-Size Sustainable Energy Financing Facility MoEU Ministry of Environment and Urbanization MoFWA Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs MWe Megawatt electrical OHS Occupational Health and Safety PC Project Consultant PIR Project Information Report PA Project Advisor PR Performance Requirements PV Photovoltaic SACs Special Areas for Conservation SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan SEPP Solar Energy Power Plant SPAs Special Protection Areas SPV Special Purpose Vehicle TEDAŞ Turkish Electricity Distribution Corporation Toroslar Electricity Distribution Company TSI Turkish Statistical Institute VIA Visual Impact Assessment VU Vulnerable WLDP Wildlife Development Area Wp Watt Peak

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page iv January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

1. General Plant Description The CABA SEPP Project is composed of 18 unlicensed solar sub-projects to be realized under the legal status of 10 SPVs (Special Purpose Vehicle) established to build and operate solar energy power plants located in the and Provinces. The sponsor of the project is Caba Inşaat Enerji Turizm Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. The overall project (CABA SEPP) with 17.988 MWe total installed capacity of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plants consist of 18 solar PV sub-projects as detailed below:  8 x 0.99975 MWe (7.998 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub-projects, separated into 4 areas in the Osmaniye Province. o Toprakkale District, Aslanpınarı Village: 3 x 0.99975 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub-projects (Aslanpınarı-14, Aslanpınarı-15 and Aslanpınarı-16 SEPP) o Osmaniye Central District, Bahçe Village: 1 x 0.99975 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub-project (Bahçe-1 SEPP) o District, Mehedinli Village: 3 x 0.99975 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub- projects (Mehedinli-10, Mehedinli-11 and Mehedinli-12 SEPP) o Osmaniye Central District, Tehçi Village: 1 x 0.99975 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub-projects (Tehçi-11 SEPP) The nearest settlements for each sub-project are given in Table 1-1. Table 1-1: The Nearest Settlements for Each Sub-Project Distance (to the The Nearest nearest # Project Name Province/District Settlement residential building)

1 Aslanpınarı SEPPs Osmaniye/Toprakkale Aslanpınarı Village 150 m

2 Bahçe-1 SEPP Osmaniye/Center Bahçe Village 800 m

3 Mehedinli SEPPs Osmaniye/Kadirli Mehedinli Village 600 m

4 Tehçi-11 SEPP Osmaniye/Center Tehçi Village 850 m

Sarıbaşak 5 Sarıbaşak SEPPs Gaziantep/Şahinbey 500m Neighbourhood

Existing village roads are used for the SEPP projects. Maintenance and repair or the roads have been completed prior to the construction works for the poor quality roads according to the Sponsor. Transmission Lines (ETLs) need to be constructed for each project to ensure the connection of each sub-project to the nearest grid connection point. Detailed information about the ETLs are given for each sub-project below. Aslanpınarı ETL: Voltage : 31.5 kV Distance : 988.28 m, above ground Connection : 3550-3600 numbered feeders - Mühimmat Distribution Center ETL

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 5 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Bahçe ETL: Voltage : 31.5 kV Distance : 1,476 m, above ground Connection : Osmaniye Distribution Center - 3700 feeder ETL Mehedinli ETL: Voltage : 31.5 kV Distance : 624.76 m, above ground Connection : Çiğdemli Distribution Center Tehçi ENH: Voltage : 31.5 kV Distance : 1,952.42 m, above ground Connection : 3300/3400 feeders ETL Sarıbaşak ETL: Voltage : 31.5 kV Distance : 7,010 m, under ground Connection : Gaziantep TM3 - Başpınar Dedeman Feeder Project location of each sub project are given in below figures.

Chicken Farm

Aslanpınarı SEPPs

650 m

150 m

Figure 1-1: Aslanpınarı 14-15-16 SEPPs’ Project Location (Osmaniye)

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 6 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

800 m

Bahçe-1 SEPP

Figure 1-2: Bahçe-1 SEPP’s Project Location (Osmaniye)

Existing SEPP

Existing 600 m SEPP

Mehedinli SEPPs

Figure 1-3: Mehedinli 10-11-12 SEPPs’ Project Location (Osmaniye)

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 7 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Tehçi-11 SEPP

850 m 1.3 km

Adana- Şanlıurfa Highway

Figure 1-4: Tehçi-11 SEPP’s Project Location (Osmaniye)

Sarıbaşak SEPPs

500 m

Figure 1-5: Sarıbaşak SEPPs’ Project Location (Gaziantep) A table with the summary of each project is presented below.

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 8 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Table 1-2: CABA SEPP Project Detail Information

TEDAŞ Connection Project Date of EIA Capacity Capacity Call Letter # Project Name SPV Name Parcel EIA Decision Approval Agreement Locations Decision (kWe) (kWp) Date Date Date

Vatan Güneşi 1 Enerji Aslanpınarı - 14 1 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 484 EIA Exemption 29.07.2015 999.75 1,200 11.12.2015 02.09.2016 04.10.2016 SEPP Şti Vatan Güneşi 2 Enerji Location 1: Aslanpınarı - 15 Osmaniye 2 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 484 EIA Exemption 27.07.2015 999.75 1,200 11.12.2015 02.09.2016 04.10.2016 SEPP Aslanpınarı Şti Vatan Güneşi 3 Enerji 3 Aslanpınarı - 16 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 484 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999.75 1,152 13.10.2015 01.07.2016 20.07.2016 SEPP Şti Location 2: Bahçe – 1 Güllü Enerji Üretim Sanayi Osmaniye 1 63/64 EIA Exemption 25.02.2015 999.75 1,050 15.02.2016 14.11.2016 03.01.2017 SEPP ve Tic. Ltd. Şti Bahçe Vatan Güneşi 1 Enerji Mehedinli - 10 1 SEPP Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 75 EIA Exemption 29.05.2015 999.75 1,036.8 16.12.2015 2.09.2016 04.10.2016 Şti

Location 3: Vatan Güneşi 2 Enerji Mehedinli - 11 Osmaniye 2 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 83 EIA Exemption 29.07.2015 999.75 1,036.8 17.11.2015 12.08.2016 20.08.2016 SEPP Mehedinli Şti

Vatan Güneşi 3 Enerji Mehedinli - 12 3 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 83 EIA Exemption 29.07.2015 999.75 1,036.8 17.11.2015 12.08.2016 20.08.2016 SEPP Şti

Location 4: Vatan Güneşi 1 Enerji Tehçi - 11 Osmaniye 1 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 2 EIA Exemption 29.04.2015 999.75 1,200 29.07.2015 12.05.2016 23.05.2016 SEPP Tehçi Şti

Sub-total 7.998 MWe 8.9124 MWp

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 9 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

TEDAŞ Connection Project Date of EIA Capacity Capacity Call Letter # Project Name SPV Name Parcel EIA Decision Approval Agreement Locations Decision (kWe) (kWp) Date Date Date

Vatan Güneşi 1 Enerji Sarıbaşak – 1 1 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 21.01.2016 14.11.2016 09.12.2016 SEPP Şti Vatan Güneşi 2 Enerji Sarıbaşak – 2 2 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 21.01.2016 14.11.2016 09.12.2016 SEPP Şti Vatan Güneşi 3 Enerji Sarıbaşak – 3 3 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 21.01.2016 14.11.2016 09.12.2016 SEPP Şti Vatan Güneşi 4 Enerji Sarıbaşak – 4 4 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 31.08.2015 26.05.2016 24.06.2016 SEPP Şti Vatan Güneşi 5 Enerji Sarıbaşak – 5 5 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 31.08.2015 26.05.2016 24.06.2016 Location 2: SEPP Gaziantep Şti Sarıbaşak Sarıbaşak – 6 Vatan Güneşi 6 Enerji 6 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 21.01.2016 14.11.2016 09.12.2016 SEPP Şti Sarıbaşak – 7 Vatan Güneşi 7 Enerji 7 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 21.01.2016 14.11.2016 09.12.2016 SEPP Şti Vatan Güneşi 13 Enerji 8 Sarıbaşak - 13 Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 21.01.2016 14.11.2016 09.12.2016 SEPP Şti Özkar Elektrik Enerjisi Sarıbaşak - 14 9 SEPP Üretim Sanayi ve Tic. Ltd. 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 21.01.2016 14.11.2016 09.12.2016 Şti Sarıbaşak - 15 Güllü Enerji Üretim Sanayi 10 91 EIA Exemption 31.07.2015 999 1,192.8 21.01.2016 14.11.2016 09.12.2016 SEPP ve Tic. Ltd. Şti Sub-total 9.990 MWe 11.928 MWp Total Installed capacity 17.988 MWe 20.8404 MWp

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 10 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

2. Environmental and Social Baseline 2.1 Environmental Description of the Project Area The overall project (CABA SEPP) with 17.988 MWe total installed capacity of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plants consist of 18 solar PV sub-projects as detailed below:  8 x 0.99975 MWe (7.998 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub-projects, separated into 4 areas in the Osmaniye Province. o Toprakkale District, Aslanpınarı Village: 3 x 0.99975 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub-projects (Aslanpınarı-14, Aslanpınarı-15 and Aslanpınarı-16 SEPP) o Osmaniye Central District, Bahçe Village: 1 x 0.99975 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub-project (Bahçe-1 SEPP) o Kadirli District, Mehedinli Village: 3 x 0.99975 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub- projects (Mehedinli-10, Mehedinli-11 and Mehedinli-12 SEPP) o Osmaniye Central District, Tehçi Village: 1 x 0.99975 MWe capacity, un-licensed PV sub-projects (Tehçi-11 SEPP) The nearest settlements for each sub-project are given in Table 1-1. All sub-projects are constructed within the borders of private-registered land with a total area of about 29 hectares (ha). The lands are rented by the SPVs. According to the formal opinion and permit letters obtained from the Osmaniye and Gaziantep Provincial Directorates of Food, Agricultural and Livestock, the Project sites are classified as “dry marginal agricultural area”. The “Non-Agricultural Utilization Permits” have been obtained from the same authorities for the sub-projects in the Osmaniye and Gaziantep provinces in accordance with the Law no. 5403 on Soil Conservation and Land Use. Existing village roads are used for the SEPP projects. Maintenance and repair or the roads have been completed prior to the construction works for the poor quality roads according to the Sponsor. Transmission Lines (ETLs) need to be constructed for each project to ensure the connection of each sub-project to the nearest grid connection point. Detailed information about the ETLs are given for each sub-project İn Section 1 of the NTS. According to the Geographical Information System (GIS) data of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (MoFWA), the nearest protection areas for each sub-project are detailed below. Aslanpınarı SEPPs The nearest protection area is Zorkun Wild Life Development Area (WLDA) which is located 12 km southeast of the project area. The project area is surrounded by agricultural lands, a powder factory, which is about 1.5 km away from the project area, and residential buildings. There is not any surface water source close to the project area. Bahçe-1 SEPP The nearest protection area is -Aslantaş National Park which is located 7.5 km northeast of the project area. There are agricultural lands in the vicinity of the project area. There is not any surface water source around the project area. The River is located 3.5 km south of the project area and a water channel is located 3 km south of the project area. Mehedinli SEPPs The nearest protection area is Karatepe-Aslantaş National Park which is located 1.5 km southeast of the project area. In addition, according to the letter 08.07.2014 date latter of the Provincial Directorate of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, the project area is located long range protection zone of the Cevdetiye Regulator and Aslantaş Dam, which is 5.5 away from the project area. There is not any regulatory limitation for construction of the project in this long range protection zone. Moreover, the project area is surrounded by agricultural lands, residential buildings and two SEPP projects, which are 500 m away from the project area. There is not any surface water source close to the project area.

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 11 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Tehçi-11 SEPP The nearest protection area is Karatepe-Aslantaş National Park which is located 11.5 km northwest of the project area. There are forest area, agricultural lands and residential buildings in the vicinity of the project area. There is not any surface water source around the project area. In addition, there is a highway 1.3 km away from the project area. Sarıbaşak SEPPs The nearest protection area is Dülükbaba Natural Park which is located 7 km east of the project area. The project area is surrounded by agricultural lands, a powder factory and residential buildings . There is not any surface water source close to the project area. A summary of the environmental characteristics of the Project is given below. Table 2-1: Summary of environmental characteristics ENVIRONMENTAL PRESENCE COMMENTS ASPECTS /DISTRIBUTION The project areas have been classified as ‘dry marginal agricultural land’ by the Provincial The project areas consist of Directorates of Food, Husbandry and Land use agricultural lands. Agriculture. The related authority has provided the permission relating the use of the lands for the establishment of the SEPP projects. The Ceyhan River is located 3.5 km south of the project There will not be any interaction with any water Water surfaces area and a water channel is surface area during the project works. located 3 km south of the Bahçe-1 SEPP project area. The nearest protection area is Karatepe-Aslantaş National There will not be any interaction with any Protected areas Park which is located 1.5 km protected area during the project works. southeast of the Mehedinli SEPPs project area. Since Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Exemption Decisions” have been obtained by the Sponsor for A desk based flora/fauna study must be each sub-project from the prepared by the Sponsor for the project sites related authority; any Project Flora and Fauna since there is no study available. Monitoring Information Report (PIR) or can be requested according to the results of the EIA Report has not been study, if necessary. prepared and there is not any ecological assessment conducted for the project areas.

2.2 Social Condition of the Project Areas The nearest settlements for each sub-project are given in Table 1-1. The population of the Toprakkale, Central and Kadirli Districts of the Osmaniye Province according to the 2016 data of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) are given in Table 2-2. According to the table, the population of these three districts have increased between 2007 and 2016.

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 12 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Table 2-2: The Population of the Toprakkale, Central and Kadirli Districts of the Osmaniye Province

Population Year Toprakkale District Central District Kadirli District 2007 13,049 210,285 111,455 2008 13,582 219,411 113,236 2009 13,621 225,090 114,476 2010 14,996 229,744 115,880 2011 15,361 234,901 116,644 2012 16,791 239,910 117,124 2013 16,622 244,195 118,119 2014 17,688 249,136 119,047 2015 18,449 254,116 119,857 2016 18,605 259,614 122,078

The nearest settlements in the SEPPs located in the Osmaniye Province are the Aslanpınarı, Bahçe, Mehedinli and Tehçi villages. The population of these villages according to the 2016 data of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) are given in the below table. According to the data obtained from the statistical institution, no significant difference is observed between the dates 2007 and 2016 about the population of these villages. Table 2-3: The population of the Aslanpınarı, Bahçe, Mehedinli and Tehçi Villages

Population

Year Toprakkale District Central District Kadirli District Aslanpınarı Village Bahçe Village Tehçi Village Mehedinli Village 2007 551 903 1228 339 2008 576 945 1301 343 2009 599 936 1348 337 2010 624 942 1367 346 2011 585 923 1330 324 2012 594 904 1368 334 2013 570 878 1399 329 2014 541 838 1374 310 2015 486 820 1372 316 2016 526 812 1310 301

The population of the Şahinbey District of the is 886,476 according to the 2016 data of the TSI. The population of the Şahinbey District has increased between 2007 (679,053 people in 2007) and 2016. The nearest settlement for the SEPPs located in the Şahinbey District of the Gaziantep Province is the Sarıbaşak neighbourhood. The population of the Sarıbaşak neighbourhood between 2007 and 2016 according to the 2016 data of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) is given in the below table. According to TSI data, the population of the Sarıbaşak Neighbourhood has slightly increased between the 2007 and 2016.

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 13 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Table 2-4: The population of the Sarıbaşak neighbourhood

Population of the Sarıbaşak Year Neighbourhood 2007 747 2008 810 2009 833 2010 864 2011 875 2012 875 2013 891 2014 910 2015 937 2016 973

The main economic activity in the all districts (in both Osmaniye and Gaziantep) is dry farming. In addition, animal husbandry activities also present but limited in these districts. Main agricultural products are olive, sunflower and wheat. Because of the forestlands around the Tehçi Village, the forestry is also considered as one of the main economic activities for the villagers. Additionally, there is a gunpowder factory, which is located 1.5 km away from the Aslanpınarı SEPPs. There are workers from nearby villages working in this powder factory. The CABA SEPP project has created job opportunities during its construction phase for the locals. Most of the workers employed during the construction phase are from the nearby settlements. According to the official letters of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, there is no cultural heritage site in the project areas.

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 14 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

3. Social and Environmental Impacts 3.1 Land Use All sub-projects are constructed within the borders of private-registered land with a total area of about 29 hectares (ha). The lands are rented by the SPVs. According to the formal opinion and permit letters obtained from the Osmaniye and Gaziantep Provincial Directorates of Food, Agricultural and Livestock, the Project sites are classified as “dry marginal agricultural area”. The The “Non-Agricultural Utilization Permits” have been obtained from the same authorities for the sub- projects in the Osmaniye and Gaziantep provinces in accordance with the Law no. 5403 on Soil Conservation and Land Use. The sponsor stated that the agricultural permit for Bahçe-1 SEPP was obtained. The construction works of both the SEPPs and the ETLs are almost finished. The lands of ETLs consists of private and public lands. Land acquisition process for the sub-projects completed according to the Sponsor. Mutual agreements are signed during land acquisition of the private lands according to the Sponsor. There is no settlement on the sub-project areas. There will be no involuntary resettlement nor economic displacement as part of this project. 3.2 Water Use & Wastewater Management During the construction period of the project, approximately 150 people are employed in total. During the construction, water is used for dust suppression, construction and domestic purposes. Assuming that daily water consumption per person would be 150 litres, 22.5 m3 domestic water is used during the construction period per day. Drinking water is provided from the suppliers (bottled water) and water which will be used for construction activities are supplied from the nearest settlements. During the operation period of the project, a total of approximately 10 people will be employed at two locations. 1.5 m3 domestic water would be used during operation per day. Similar to the construction phase, drinking water will be provided from suppliers (bottled water). The only wastewater generated during the project activities is domestic wastewater. Similar to the construction phase, domestic wastewater produced during operation phases of the project will be collected in septic tanks. The septic tanks must be impermeable, possibly concrete, and emptied by vacuum trucks regularly. The stored wastewater in septic tank is to be collected by sewage truck of related municipalities. Any discharge of wastewater to the receiving environment needs to be prevented in all phases of the project. Dust generation has not been observed around the project areas during the site visits; therefore, the sponsor predicts that there will be no need to clean the solar panels. The main "cleaning" activity will be rain and snow removal during the winter. The need for cleaning/washing arises, clean water will be purchased and brought to the sites via tanks. The panels will be cleaned by brushes and water in order to remove the dust. The resulting wastewater will not include any chemical or hazardous material. Water discharge from the panels is likely to evaporate or be absorbed into the soil after draining from the panels. Since frequency of the panel cleaning activities cannot be foreseen, the amount of water to be used for panel cleaning cannot be estimated. Sourcing of water and quantities required needs to be arranged (supplies by tanker) before the operation. This must be included in the EMPs for all project sites.

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 15 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

3.3 Waste Production and Management Main types of the wastes generated during the construction phase of the project are:  Domestic Solid Wastes  Packaging Waste  Hazardous Wastes  Waste Batteries and Accumulators  Waste Oil  Waste Tires The main types of the waste generated during the operation phase of the project are domestic solid waste and packaging waste. A temporary site waste storage areas must be constructed in the project areas. The storage areas need to have impermeable ground to prevent a possible leakage. Different types of wastes must be stored separately in the waste storage area and a register of waste generation, storage and disposal must be kept during construction and facility operation. The volume of domestic solid waste depends on the number of persons employed. Assuming that the amount of solid waste per person would be 1.14 kg/person/day, a total of approximately 171 kg/day (for 150 people) domestic solid waste is generated during construction and 11.4 kg/day (for 10 people) will be generated during the operation phase of the CABA SEPP Project. Similar to the construction phase, domestic wastes will be collected and disposed off by the municipalities during the operation. Other types of wastes will be collected and disposed by the licensed companies. A register of all wastes and their disposal will be kept. All staff will be trained in order to comply with waste management requirements. This will be monitored. 3.4 Emissions: Noise and Particulate The following measures will be taken to prevent noise impact during construction activities:  Appropriate personal protective equipment and materials such as helmets, ear protectors or ear plugs will be provided to protect workers from noise.  There will not be any construction activities and construction vehicles will not pass through settlement areas during the night time (between 23:00 to 07:00) on week days and weekends.  The following control measures will be applied; - selection of equipment with lower sound levels; - installing suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components; - limiting the hours of operation for specific types of construction equipment, especially mobile sources operating through community areas; - reducing project traffic routing through community areas wherever possible; - developing a mechanism to record and respond to complaints.  In addition, regular maintenance will be carried out on all construction equipment to ensure that noise levels are kept to a minimum. There is no study for the assessment of the noise levels at the sensitive receptors for any of the project locations. It is expected that the noise level at the nearest settlements will be below the noise limit value of 70 dBA as per national regulation (Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise) as there is a considerable distance between the nearest settlements and the project locations. Noise measurements must be carried out in case of any complaints during the construction phase. There will not be any activity which will cause noise generation during the operation phase. Possible impacts on air quality can arise from the use of construction and earthmoving machinery and from trucks and cars. Impacts will be air pollutants from combustion engines and dust generation/release.

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 16 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

Construction activities will affect air quality mainly through emissions of dust from excavation and storage of soil, transport of soil and vehicle traffic on unpaved roads. There will also be particulates from vehicle exhausts (mainly diesel engines) and from stationary sources such as power generators.

Emissions of gaseous pollutants, particularly NOx and SO2, will be from vehicle and machinery exhausts and also from stationary sources (power generators). The following mitigation measures are relevant during construction phase to mitigate dust and exhaust gas dispersion during construction activities:  wetting and covering powdery materials transported on trucks (e.g. excavation spoil);  reduce truck and vehicle speed;  periodic wetting of the stockpiled material to maintain a humidity of about 5%;  periodic wetting of the construction areas and site access roads;  use of working machinery with low emissions (and good maintenance);  vehicles will be maintained in good condition to ensure they are no louder than similar vehicles on the roadways;  use of diesel with low sulphur content. Considering the limited scope of the works, the impact on air quality will be low and temporary. For this reason, a modelling study is not considered to be necessary. There will be very limited air emissions (again from vehicles) during the operation phase. 3.5 Landscape The local landscape of the sub-projects can be characterised by an open and relatively flat topography with some elevation differences, covered by partial grass vegetation. The project areas are more elevated than the neighbouring settlements except Aslanpınarı SEPPs location. The projects will change the current landscape with the placement of large areas of dark coloured flat solar panel arrays. During construction of the project, excavated materials are used for filling and top soil was spread to the project area in order to preserve current soil condition and landscape. The Sponsor informed the project advisor that reflection caused by the PV panels will be insignificant due to the anti-reflective coatings on solar PV panels. Moreover, based on the aerial/satellite images, there is no sensitive receptor (airport, high road, etc.) in the close proximity of the project sites. Therefore, no significant adverse impact is expected regarding the glint and glare. In case of complaints, the need for screening will have to be assessed. The visual impacts can be significant for solar projects since large land areas (15,000-20,000 m2/MW capacity) are required for solar panels. Construction works are almost completed and most of the panels are placed in the project areas. Although there is no national regulatory requirement, a Visual Impact Assessment must be conducted and shared with local during the stakeholder engagement meetings for all projects’ locations. 3.6 Summary of Environmental and Social Impacts A summary of the impacts with their quantifications is given below. Table 3-1: Impact Quantification COMPONENT IMPACT QUANTIFICATION The Provincial Directorates of Food, Husbandry and Agriculture have provided the permission Land use Use of agricultural land relating the use of the lands for the establishment of the SEPP projects. 22.5 m3/day domestic wastewater during the construction phase and 1.5 m3/day domestic Wastewater Utilization and Discharge wastewater during the operation phase (assuming 150 workers in the construction and 10 workers in the operation phase). Waste Production of solid waste 171 kg/day domestic waste during the construction

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 17 January 2018 Project ID: AK-10

phase and 11.4 kg/day domestic waste during the operation phase (assuming 150 workers in the construction and 10 workers in the operation phase) The amount of excavated material will not be high Excavation waste due to limited excavation works, and most of the amount will be used on site for refilling. There is not any ecological (flora-fauna) assessment conducted for the project areas. A Fauna and Interference with flora- desk based flora/fauna study must be prepared. flora fauna species Monitoring can be requested according to the results of the study, if necessary. There is not any study for the assessment of the noise levels at the sensitive receptors for all project locations. It is expected that the noise level at the closest settlements will be below the noise limit value of 70 dBA as per national regulation as there Noise is a considerable distance between the closest settlements and the project locations. In case of complaints from local people, appropriate Emissions investigative measures must be carried out and mitigation measures must be implemented. There is not any study for the assessment of the dust levels for all project locations. Particulate matter emissions must be kept lower than the Particulate regulatory limit by the dust mitigation measures. In case of complaints from local people, appropriate investigative measures must be carried out and mitigation measures must be implemented Landscape Changes in the aspect of The Visual Impact Assessment must be prepared the area for all project locations.

FINAL REPORT CABA SEPP – NTS Page 18 January 2018

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