Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004

Edited and Compiled by Colin D. Jones

Toronto Entomologists’ Association Occasional Publication #36-2006

ISBN: 0-921631-29-4

Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004

Edited and Compiled by Colin D. Jones

August 2006

Published by the Toronto Entomologists’ Association Toronto, Ontario

Production by Colin D. Jones

TORONTO ENTOMOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION ONTARIO LEPIDOPTERA (TEA) Published annually by the Toronto Entomologists’ The TEA is a non-profit educational and scientific Association. organization formed to promote interest in insects, to encourage co-operation among amateur and professional Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004 entomologists, to educate and inform non-entomologists Publication date: August 2006 about insects, entomology and related fields, to aid in the ISBN: 0-921631-29-4 preservation of insects and their habitats and to issue Copyright © TEA for Authors publications in support of these objectives. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used without written permission. The TEA is a registered charity (#1069095-21); All donations are tax creditable. Information on submitting records, notes and articles to Ontario Lepidoptera can be obtained by contacting an Membership Information: editor:

Annual dues: Colin D. Jones Individual-$25 Editor and compiler of Butterflies and Skippers Student-$15 Box 182 Family-$30 Lakefield, Ontario, Canada K0L 2H0 All membership queries and payment of dues can be Home Tel: (705) 652-5004 directed to Alan J. Hanks, Treasurer, 34 Seaton Drive, Work Tel: (705) 755-2166 Aurora, Ontario, Canada L4G 2K1. Tel: (905) 727-6993. Email: [email protected] or [email protected] email: [email protected] Currently Vacant Publications received as part of a TEA membership Editor and compiler of Moths include: • 3 issues per year of our newsjournal Ontario Insects COVER ILLUSTRATION • annual Ontario Lepidoptera summary • discounts on sales of other publications including Question Mark (Polygonia interrogationis) by Peter Ontario Odonata Burke.

The TEA Board

The TEA is run by a volunteer board. The executive officers are elected every two years.

Executive Officers: President: Glenn Richardson Vice-President: (vacant) Treasurer: Alan J. Hanks Secretary: Alan Macnaughton

Board of Directors: Chris Darling: R.O.M. Representative Nancy van der Poorten: Past President Carolyn King: O.N. Representative Carolyn King: Publicity Co-ordinator Carol Sellers: Programs Co-ordinator Steve LaForest: Field Trips Co-ordinator

CONTENTS

General Introduction ...... 1

The Power of Databasing Our Records and How You Can Help...... 2

Acknowledgements...... 2

Corrections to Previous Summaries...... 3

List of Contributors...... 3

Counties, Districts and Regional Municipalities of Ontario...... 5

Publications Available from the TEA...... 7

Butterflies and Skippers 2003-2004...... 8

A Summary of Butterflies in the Toronto Region in 2003 – by Bob Yukich ...... 9

Rearing Lycaenids in 2003-2004 – by Ross A. Layberry ...... 10

Discovery of the Sachem (Atalopedes campestris) in Metro Toronto – by Barry Harrison ...... 17

A Summary of Butterflies in the Toronto Region in 2004 – by Bob Yukich ...... 18

Rearing Notes from 2004 – by Ross A. Layberry...... 19

A Regional Update on the Status of the Funereal Duskywing (Erynnis funeralis) in Metro Toronto – by Barry Harrison ...... 23

Occurrences of American Snout (Libytheana bachmanii) in Metro Toronto – by Barry Harrison ...... 24

A Summary of Ontario Butterfly Counts in 2003 and 2004 – compiled by Bob Bowles...... 25

Summary of Ontario Butterflies and Skippers in 2003 and 2004 – compiled by Colin D. Jones... 36 Hesperiidae...... 38 Papilionidae...... 49 Pieridae...... 52 Lycaenidae ...... 55 Nymphalidae ...... 64

Checklist of Ontario Butterflies and Skippers – by Colin D. Jones ...... 82

Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

I would like to begin this year’s annual Lepidoptera summary with an apology for the delay in its production. For a variety of reasons, the compilation and production of data from 2003 and 2004 was met with various challenges. Personally, I had a variety of set-backs with the butterfly and skipper section and the original delay in the production of the 2003 summary led to a decision to combine the 2003 and 2004 seasons in one issue. Also among the challenges was the unfortunate inability to obtain a new compiler and editor for moths resulting in the lack of a moth section in this particular issue. I would like to thank both Jason Dombroskie and David Bree for the considerable amount of work they have already done at compiling and editing the data submitted and would invite anyone interested in fulfilling this role to step forward so that we can hopefully get back on track for the moths beginning with Ontario Lepidoptera 2005. Compiling, editing and producing these summaries is a lot of work, but it is also interesting and rewarding work and it would be a real shame not to continue the work of past compilers at summarizing the valuable contributions of so many TEA members who are studying and recording their observations of moths in the province of Ontario.

This year’s issue of Ontario Lepidoptera includes a number of valuable and interesting notes and articles on butterflies and skippers in the province as well as the printed summary which focuses on noteworthy records for the season. Data for all records of all species received for the year (much more data than can be included in the printed summary!) will be included in two tables available as downloadable PDF files from the TEA website (www.ontarioinsects.org). Members will recall that in Ontario Lepidoptera 2002, these files were located on a CD inserted at the back of the issue. As most members have access to the internet, however, and as these files are relatively small in file size (i.e. are easily downloadable even with a dial-up connection) it was decided that it made more sense to save the added expense of the CD production and simply make the files available via the internet. For any members without access to the internet, simply contact me (contact information below) and I will be more than happy to send you a printed copy of the tables.

The contents of this publication have been checked for errors and accuracy as much as possible. Please notify me of any corrections of errors or omissions, and these will be included in future issues of Ontario Lepidoptera and incorporated into the database.

Work on the compilation and production of Ontario Lepidoptera 2005 has already begun but we will be accepting additional records, notes and photographs from the 2005 season until September 30, 2006. Records and notes or articles for the 2006 season should be submitted by February 28, 2007 to:

Colin Jones Box 182, Lakefield, ON K0L 2H0 Tel: 705-652-5004 email: [email protected] or [email protected]

Information on how to submit records can be obtained from the compiler – the format is basically the same for butterflies and moths with minor differences.

1 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

THE POWER OF DATABASING OUR RECORDS AND HOW YOU CAN HELP

Most people these days have a personal computer at home and use it for record keeping. In order to greatly speed up the process of databasing records submitted for Ontario Lepidoptera we are asking that contributors submit records in electronic form, preferably in a spreadsheet (e.g. Microsoft Excel, Corel Quattro Pro) or database (e.g. Microsoft Access, Corel Paradox) format.

There is also a technological advance that has become much more accessible in recent years that has given us the ability to easily assign geographic data to observations (allowing us to easily map them for projects such as The Ontario Butterfly Atlas, for example). This is the advent of the hand-held GPS (Global Positioning System). A growing number of field biologists and amateur naturalists and entomologists have GPS units and are finding them an extremely useful and handy tool. For those of you who own or have access to a GPS unit (or to topographic maps of your area) we are also asking that you supply geographic coordinates (UTM grid reference or Latitude/Longitude) with your records. Although these coordinates can be read from a topographic map, with the advent of the handheld GPS unit (available for $200 or less from most camping and outdoors stores, including Canadian Tire) such coordinates can be obtained much more quickly, easily and accurately than they can from a map.

For those contributors who cannot or wish not to supply records in a database format, records submitted in another electronic format (word-processing application such as Microsoft Word) or even in handwritten format are better than nothing at all. In addition, if you are unable to assign a geographic reference to your records, the raw records are fine. The compilers will enter the records into the database and attempt to geo-reference them ourselves. Obviously, the more you can do as contributors, the easier our job as compilers becomes.

There are several reasons for moving to such a format for data submission. Increasingly, data on invertebrates (especially butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies) is being used to aid in conservation land-use planning. Most of this readership would probably agree that this is a very positive movement. The TEA and the contributors to the annual Lepidoptera summary have an opportunity, by databasing their records and attaching precise geographic coordinates to the records, to add greatly to the conservation of butterflies and moths. The power of a fully databased set of records is incredible. The records can easily be sorted or manipulated in any number of ways in order to: i) produce a county list; ii) map all of the records for a particular species; iii) compare records from one time frame to another (e.g. 1800-1950 with 1951-present). In these ways, once fully databased, the application of the database becomes much more useful than just the production of the annual summary.

More detailed information on how to submit records (including how to supply geographic coordinates), and a sample of the database structure can be obtained by contacting the compiler (see contact information on page 1).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Ontario Lepidoptera would not be possible without the considerable effort of the contributors (listed on the next page) who take the time to submit their records each year. We would also like to thank those who submitted photographs, notes and articles from 2003 and 2004. Special thanks to Peter Burke for providing the terrific cover illustration.

2 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

CORRECTIONS TO PREVIOUS SUMMARIES

Ontario Lepidoptera 2002

On Page 51 – Mexican Yellow (Eurema mexicanum) was accidentally omitted from the Checklist of Ontario Butterflies and Skippers

On Page 52 – Cranberry Blue (Plebejus optilete) should not have been included in the Checklist of Ontario Butterflies and Skippers since the specimen that was the basis for this record (housed at the Royal Ontario Museum) was examined by Barry Harrison and Bob Yukich and redetermined as a Northern Blue (Plebejus idas)

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Ontario Lepidoptera 2003/2004 summarizes data and observations of butterflies and skippers for the 2003 and 2004 seasons in the province of Ontario, Canada, received from the contributors and observers listed below:

ABe Alex Benvenuti New Liskard CRi Chris Risley Peterborough ADW Amy Whitehorne Charleston Lake CSAM Craig S.A. McLauchlan Toronto AG Ann Gray Toronto DAM David A. Martin Harrietsville AH Ashely Howatt Port Perry DAS Don A. Sutherland Peterborough AM Alan Macnaughton Kitchener DBa Dennis Barry Oshawa AMG Alex Gerber Charleston Lake DBr David Bree Bloomfield APP Algonquin P.P. Naturalist Staff Algonquin Park DBu Dawn Burke London AR Allison Rose Algonquin Park DC Dave Cattrall King City ARo Anne Robertson Kingston DCT Doug C. Tozer Dwight ATo Andrew Toth Owen Sound DD Don Davis Toronto AV Ann Vance Elgin Co. DE Darren Elder Ignace AWh Ann White London DG Dana Gring Toledo, Ohio BCo Bob Coleman Scarborough DK Dorothy Kings Saugeen BDS Brad D. Steinberg Algonquin Park DL Doug Lockrey Whitby BEP Bruce E. Ripley Kingston DMc Darryl McLeod Fort Frances BH Barry Harrison Scarborough DP Don Peuremaki Toronto BHo Brandon Holden Algonquin Park DS Diana Suzuki Milton BK Brenda Kostiuk Ottawa DT Devin Turner Algonquin Park BM Bev McLauchlan Toronto DTy Don Tyerman Presqu'ile P.P. BMa Barb Martin Port Elgin DVW Chip Weseloh Burlington BRo Barry Robertson Kingston DWD Dan Dusto Charleston Lake BVR Brenda Van Ryswyk Hamilton DW Dean Ware CB Chris Boettger Algonquin Park EA Ethan Anderman Killaloe CBe Catherine Benvenuti New Liskard EC Erica Couperus Charleston Lake CC Carol Church Presqu'ile P.P. ECo Erin Collins Algonquin Park CDJ Colin D. Jones Lakefield ED Erin Dolmage Exeter CG Chris Grooms Kingston EF Erin Fraser Algonquin Park CGR Chris Rickard Mississauga EMK Ethan MacKay Dorset CGr Cheryl Green Algonquin Park EP Ed Poropat Haliburton CJR Carl J. Rothfels Hamilton EPB Erica Barkley Charleston Lake CK Carolyn King Willowdale ER E. Rickard Mississauga CLPP Charleston Lake P.P. Staff Charleston Lake GP Gavin Platt London CPR Chris P. Robinson Glenburnie GR Glenn Richardon Listowal CRa Catherine Rapati Port Elgin HC Heather Campbell 3 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

HH Harry Hewick MVB Mike Burrell Heidelberg HK Hugo Kitching Algonquin Park MWa Mike Ward Grundy Lake P.P. IC Ian Carmichael Fingal MW Margie Wilkes Algonquin Park IS Ian Shanahan Brighton NGE Nick G. Escott Thunder Bay JA Joanne Allen Dwight NH Nathan Hanes Wawa JB Jerry Ball Peterborough NTo Norah Toth Owen Sound JBa Jeff Balsdon Peterborough OP Otto Peter Oshawa JC Jasmine Chabot Peterborough PAR Peter A. Read Komoko JCa John Carley Scarborough PD Paul Desjardins Windsor JCh Jen Chikoski Thunder Bay PH Peter Hall Ottawa JD Joanne Dewey Picton PLH Patti Hallam Charleston Lake JdeB Joyce de Boer Red Lake PM Paul Mackenzie JDL J. Don Lafontaine Ottawa PMa Pat Martin Port Elgin JE Jim Ellis PMC Paul Catling Ottawa JEm Julia Empey Presqu'ile P.P. PSB Peter S. Burke London JF Jim Fairchild Scarborough PT Peter Thoem Burlington JI Jean Iron Toronto QFH Quimby F. Hess Toronto JJ Judith Jones Sheguiandah RAJ Rosita Jones Peterborough JJD Jason J. Dombroskie Round Lake Centre RAL Ross A. Layberry Kinburn JK James Kamstra Port Perry RD Robert Difruscia Sarnia JKl John Klymko Algonquin Park RDR Ronald Ripley Kingston JL Jeff Larson Harrow RFF Rob Foster Thunder Bay JM John Miles Jarvis RGT Ron G. Tozer Dwight JMF Janet Fenton Charleston Lake RH Rosemary Hartley Nipigon JoBr John Brownie RJP Rod and Joan Parrott Port Hope JOP James Page Charleston Lake RJY Robert J. Yukich Toronto JPC Jeffrey P. Crolla Toronto RMac R. Macintosh Peterborough JS John Striatt RO Robert Oldham Peterborough JSp Jim Spottiswood Mississauga RP Rayfield Pye Oshawa JTr Jim Troubridge Ottawa SB Sue Bryan Thunder Bay JVB John Vanden Broeck Fort Frances SD Simon Dodsworth Peterborough JW John Walas Thunder Bay SLa Steve Laforest Oshawa KBu Ken Burrell Waterloo SMac S. Macintosh Peterborough KEB Kara E. Brodribb Toronto SPP Sandbanks Provincial Park Staff Sandbanks P.P. KFN Kingston Field Naturalists Kingston SRa Stephen Rapati Port Elgin KM Kate MacIntyre Aylmer STJ Shan T. Jones Lakefield Kmo Kathy Morris Mount Hope TB Tony Bigg Lakefield KR Kelly Ramster Peterborough TC Ted Cheskey Waterloo LM Lara Mountain Algonquin Park TEA TEA Members LRT Lauren Trute Pembroke TH Tom Hanrahan Ottawa LS Leon Schlichter Toronto THi Tom Hince Wheatley MA Muriel Andreae Strathroy TL Tobin Long Algonquin Park MaRa Matt Rapati Port Elgin TM Tom Mason Scarborough MBr M. Bryan Thunder Bay TP T. Piche MCl Marianne Clark Lakefield TRa Tony Rapati Port Elgin MD Martha Dowsley Presqu'ile P.P. TRS T. Rick Stronks Dwight MEA Madeline Austin VO Veronique Oldham Peterborough MGu Mike Gurr WDB Wasyl D. Bakowsky Peterborough MH Margo Holt Coldwater WIM Dr. William D. & Irene McIlveen Acton MJM Mike J. McMurtry Peterborough WJC William J. Crins Peterborough MJO Mike J. Oldham Peterborough YB Yvette Bree Bloomfield MM Marion Mossop Inverhuron ______C.A. = Conservation Area MNP Michael & Nancy van der Poorten Toronto m.obs. = multiple observers MP Mike Pickup Southhampton N.P. = National Park MRa Mary Rapati Port Elgin P.P. = Provincial Park MV Mari Veliz Exeter

4 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

COUNTIES, DISTRICTS AND REGIONAL MUNICIPALITIES OF ONTARIO

Counties, Districts and Regional Muncipalities of southern Ontario. The dotted line indicates the approximate southern and eastern limits of the Canadian Shield in Ontario. The 4-letter codes listed below are used in the table of all butterfly records submitted from the 2003 and 2004 seasons.

1 ESSE Essex County 23 PRIN Prince Edward County 2 KENT Municipality of Chatham-Kent 24 HAST Hastings County 3 ELGI Elgin County 25 LENN Lennox and Addington County 4 NORF Norfolk County 26 FRON Frontenac County 5 HALD Haldimand County 27 LEED United Counties of Leeds and Grenville 6 NIAG Regional Municipality of Niagara 29 STOR United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry 7 LAMB Lambton County 32 BRUC Bruce County 8 MIDD Middlesex County 33 GREY Grey County 9 OXFO Oxford County 34 DUFF Dufferin County 10 BRAN Brant County 35 SIMC Simcoe County 11 HAMI Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth 36 VICT Victoria County 13 HURO Huron County 37 PETE Peterborough County 14 PERT Perth County 38 MUSK District Municipality of Muskoka 15 WATE Regional Municipality of Waterloo 39 HALI Haliburton County 16 WELL Wellington County 40 RENF Renfrew County 17 HALT Regional Municipality of Halton 41 LANA Lanark County 18 PEEL Regional Municipality of Peel 42 OTTA Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton 19 YORK Regional Municipality of York 43 PRES United Counties of Prescott and Russell 20 METR Metropolitan Toronto 45 MANI Manitoulin District 21 DURH Regional Municipality of Durham 46 PARR Parry Sound District 22 NORT Northumberland County 47 NIPI Nipissing District

5 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Map of Ontario indicating the districts of northern Ontario. The line A-B represents the approximate northern limit of the Carolinian Zone (see Soper 1954, 1962). Line C-D approximates the 40 degree F mean daily temperature for the year isotherm, and has been adopted here as the northern limit of southern Ontario. The 4-letter codes listed below are used in the table of all butterfly records submitted from the 2003 and 2004 seasons.

48 ALGO Algoma District 52 THUN Thunder Bay District 49 SUDB Sudbury District (including City of Sudbury) 53 COCH Cochrane District 50 TIMI Timiskaming District 54 KENO Kenora District 51 RAIN Rainy River District

6 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FROM THE TEA

Books: reproductions of out-of-print books

The Odonata of Canada & Alaska (3 volumes) by E.M. Walker $210 Can ($195 for TEA members who pick it up); In USA: $160 US surface; $170 US airmail

The Cicindelidae of Canada (tiger beetles) by J.B. Wallis (1961) with colour plates $28 Can; In USA: $23 US surface: $26 US airmail

The North American Dragonflies of the Genus Aeshna by E.M. Walker (1921) with colour plates $115 Can ($105 for TEA members who pick it up); In USA: $100 US surface; $110 US airmail

The North American Dragonflies of the Genus Somatochlora by E.M.Walker (1925) $55 Can ($50 for TEA members who pick it up); In USA: $43 US surface: $46 US airmail

Books: Other publishers

Damselflies and Dragonflies (Odonata) of Ontario: Resource Guide and Annotated List By P.M. Catling and V.R. Brownell 2000. Annotated list of 168 species of odonata in Ontario including conservation status, flight period, habitat, distribution and identification. $40 Can; In USA: $50 US.

Books: T.E.A. publications

The Ontario Butterfly Atlas by A.M. Holmes, R.R. Tasker, Q.F.Hess, A.J.Hanks (1991) ISBN: 0921631111 $25 Can; In USA: $25 US

Ontario Insects – T.E.A. Newsjournal ISSN: 1203-3995 Back Issues: $5 Can each; In USA: $5 US; Subscription: $25 Can; In USA: $25 US

Annual Ontario Lepidoptera Summaries (for 1987, ’88, ’93, ’95 to 2001) $10 Can each; In USA: $10 US surface; $15 US airmail (for 2002) $15 Can each; In USA: $15 US surface post; $20 US airmail (yearly issue free with T.E.A. membership)

Ontario Odonata (annual) This publication includes the year’s Odonata observations and several articles and notes on the Odonata of Ontario. Past issues have included articles on behaviour, distribution, regional checklists, conservation and illustrated keys. $25 Can each; In USA: $25 US each Volume 1 (1999) ISBN: 0921631219 June 2000 153 pages Volume 2 (2000) ISBN: 0-921631-22-7 May 2001 200 pages Volume 3 (2001) ISBN: 0921631243 May 2002 208 pages Volume 4 (2002) ISBN: 0-921631-27-8 January 2004 214 pages Volume 5 (2003) ISBN: 0-921631-28-6 November 2004 145 pages Volume 6 (2004) ISBN: 0-921631-30-8 July 2005 202 pages

Checklist of the Butterflies of the Toronto Region: 135 years of history (Second edition) Includes flight seasons. Compiled by Barry Harrison. $2.50 Can; In USA: $3 US

For complete details and to order contact: Alan Hanks, Treasurer, 34 Seaton Drive, Aurora Ontario L4G 2K1; (905) 727-6993, [email protected]

7 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Butterflies and Skippers 2003-2004

Northern Pearly-eye at Delta, Leeds & Grenville on June 26, 2004 (J.P. Crolla)

8 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

A SUMMARY OF BUTTERFLIES IN THE TORONTO REGION IN 2003

By Bob Yukich

Numbers of immigrant butterflies were quite low in the Toronto region this past season. Orange Sulphur numbers were the lowest I've seen. The non-immigrant Clouded Sulphur was also scarce, especially in the early part of the season. Vanessa species were low overall compared to recent years, except for a small influx of Painted Ladies late in the season. Question Marks were also scarce. The only unusual immigrants I saw in our area were a Giant Swallowtail in High Park in late August (during a northward incursion of this species), and a very fresh American Snout on Toronto Islands in early September (huge numbers of this species were apparently present in southern Texas during the same period). I heard of only one sighting of a Fiery Skipper in our region in 2003, a female reported by Barry Harrison in early September in High Park. In recent years this species has been a regular late summer/fall immigrant/breeder in the Toronto region.

Silvery Blues continue to spread throughout the west end of Toronto, with the first breeding individuals recorded in High Park this year. Wild Indigo Duskywing continues to thrive in Toronto, with a record high count of 37 in the Humber Valley in early August, the last one being seen at this location on October 21! (There's something to be said for getting out late in the season.) A disjunct part of this colony occurs in an area where there is no Crown Vetch (Coronilla varia), the known host plant for this species in our region. This area, however, has lots of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) which I suspect is being used instead. This may also be the case at Scarborough Bluffs, where Wild Indigo Duskywing was first discovered in Toronto. I could find no mention in the literature, however, of Birdsfoot Trefoil as an alternate host plant for this species.

Gray Comma is an enigmatic species within the city of Toronto. Other than a few individuals being reported from the Rouge Valley they're almost unheard of. I saw a fresh individual on Ward's Island in late July. Interestingly, one was seen the previous day in downtown Toronto by Jeff Crolla.

American Snout at Centre Island, Metro Toronto on September 2, 2003 (Bob Yukich)

9 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

REARING LYCAENIDS IN 2003-2004

by Ross A. Layberry

Harvester, Feniseca tarquinius

The three pupae that overwintered in an insulated box taped to a north-facing basement window (see page 10 of Ontario Lepidoptera 2002) survived the winter. I bought them up into my den, temperature 62-65°F, on March 18, after a few days where the outside temperature reached about 50°F. All three emerged, one each on April 12, April 13 and April 16, i.e. after 25, 26 and 29 days respectively.

In mid-April I checked the tree where I had found the larvae. Large clumps of last year’s “wool” were still hanging on the tree, and there were many large aphids associated with each clump, about 2.3 mm long, triangular in shape, tapered towards the head, and lacking any wool. By late May these were attended by very large ants, with a black head and abdomen, and an orange-brown thorax. On June 13 the tree was covered with thousands of tiny, very active white aphids, about 0.5 mm long, the same triangular shape as the big ones, presumably immatures of the same species. By June 17 almost all had left the tree; more than 20 were trapped in a one-square-inch spider’s web, on the ground a foot from the tree. The big ones were just beginning to develop wool on the abdomen. I found a few fly larvae, feeding on the large aphids, quite undeterred by the ants. They were about the same size, shape and colour as Harvester larvae, but moved by stretching, like small leeches. I collected two, and was able to identify them as larvae of a syrphid fly, likely Syrphus ribesii, which is known to eat Woolly Aphids. I should have taken more; by June 20 they had eaten every single aphid, and dropped off the tree to pupate! I found a few of the tiny immature aphids on the tree on July 13, but it seems that none survived to maturity.

Cherry Gall Azure, Celastrina sp.

After finding Cherry Gall Azure adults, often quite fresh, at home (5 km SE Fitzroy Harbour) on May 30 and June 8, 14 and 15, and at Constance Bay on June 2 and 15, I started searching in earnest for larvae in the woods at home. On June 16, I found a first or second instar larva, 5 mm long, eating galls on a small, 3-4 foot tall Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana) growing in dense shade under mature White Pine and spruce. On June 18, I found 13 more, 11 on Choke Cherry and 2 on Black Cherry (Prunus serotina); on June 19, 5 on Choke Cherry; on June 20, 4 on Choke Cherry and one on Black Cherry; and on June 21, 5 on Choke Cherry. The larvae ranged from 4.2 to 11 mm in length, and were usually attended very closely by very small dark ants, a member of the Lasius niger Foerster complex. The Choke Cherries were rarely more than 4 feet tall, always in heavy shade. The Black Cherries were bigger, up to 10 feet tall, and always on the edge of the woods, receiving at least two hours of sun each day. Larvae were present only on trees with very dense populations of galls, and rarely more than one per tree. I later found 5 more larvae at home, the last on June 30, 2 at Constance Bay Sandhills on June 26, 6 at Morris Island Conservation area on June 27, and 3 on the North K & P Trail near Ashdad, Renfrew County, on June 30. All at these other locations were on small Choke Cherry, but in mixed woods, in less dense shade than at home.

Most of the larvae were collected, and kept individually with a gall-bearing leaf in small glass vials of about 20 ml volume, tightly capped, in the house. The larvae ate all the galls within one day, producing

10 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______large amounts of moist frass, so they were transferred to clean vials with a fresh leaf every day. About 2 days after reaching 11 mm in length the colour changed to a dull grey-green, the larvae tied themselves down to the leaf or onto the glass, and pupated 2-4 days later. I then removed the caps of the vials and plugged the opening with folded tissue paper, to allow the pupa and leaf to dry quickly, without mould. In many cases the leaf curled as it dried, sometimes completely enclosing the pupa in a rigid box, so I had to cut away most of the leaf to permit the emerging butterfly to escape; it would have been much easier to trim the leaf immediately after pupation. Of 36 larvae, 5 died, I believe from too much handling, at least none produced any parasites. 31 larvae pupated between June 24 and July 6. On July 9, two adults emerged, 11 and 13 days after pupation. I kept the other 29 pupae in the house (air- conditioned) until October 14, when I put them in my insulated plywood box, for overwintering.

From the beginning, I had noticed that the larvae, even the smallest ones, rarely stayed on the leaf, instead crawling all over the vial. This behaviour is quite different from that of other lycaenid larvae that I have reared, so I left some larvae in the wild, within 100 yards of my house, and spent a lot of time watching them. On June 21, I spent 3 hours and 35 minutes continuously watching one larva. In that time the larva visited 11 leaves, moved a total of 104 cm and ate 10 galls. With several other larvae, I noted their position on the tree and visited every hour or so for several days. I found that movements of up to 80 cm were quite common; rarely would a larva remain on a leaf for an hour. It is unclear why the larvae do this; they routinely leave a leaf after consuming just one or two out of ten galls on the leaf. They can sense the galls from some distance away; once I saw a larva visit a cluster of three leaves with no galls. The larva crawled part-way onto each leaf, stopped for about 30 seconds, then backed away and tried the next before dismissing the whole cluster.

There is certainly some risk involved in this behaviour. I saw one larva blunder into the web of a tiny, mosquito-sized spider, which bit it twice; it died after about an hour. I found another small larva crawling on a small Choke Cherry which had no galls at all, though its upper branches were intertwined with branches of a gall-bearing tree. The larva had obviously made a wrong turn and would have died unless it had been very lucky. I rescued it and put it back on the first tree, then watched it on and off for two days, when it again blundered onto the wrong tree!

Over the summer, I checked small Choke Cherries for galls at many locations. I found 4 places where the trees had dense populations of galls, with many showing the clear signs of “grazing” by larvae. Clearly the Cherry Gall Azure is quite widespread.

Summer Azure, Celastrina neglecta

I wanted to rear some Summer Azure larvae, so that I could overwinter them along with the Cherry Gall Azure larvae, to determine the difference in emergence dates. So I was looking for Summer Azures when they started flying, seeing my first ones on July 3. But I had no luck finding larvae until July 24, at home, when I watched a Summer Azure examining white flower clusters of Yarrow (Achillea illefolium), Water Parsnip (Sium suave) and Fleabane (Erigeron sp.). A little later I saw a second female laying two eggs on buds of Meadowsweet (Spiraea alba). The next day I found 8 eggs and one 3 mm larva on flower buds of Meadowsweet. Over the next four weeks, until August 21, I found many more eggs and about 150 larvae, at 31 locations in Carleton, Renfrew, Lanark, Frontenac and Grenville Counties. They were always on Spiraea alba. I found two locations with the other meadowsweet, Spiraea latifolia, and several areas with numerous Panicled Dogwood (Cornus racemosa), both with abundant small white flowers, but neither had any larvae.

11 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

The distribution of the larvae was interesting, and made it quite easy to find them, once I had figured it out. Around my woods I have about 15 scattered plants of meadowsweet, 11 with flowers, and every one of these had 1 or 2 larvae on them. I searched for more blooming meadowsweet by walking trails and driving dirt roads. I found that the plant is common along damp or wet roadsides, often in ditches which would be full in the spring, although it is sometimes found in dry areas as well. The larvae were found only when these roadsides were in wooded areas. Even swampy roadsides with thickets of small willows had no larvae. By far the best places were those with just one or a few flowering plants; these were almost guaranteed to have larvae. Places where there were many plants also had larvae, but not many. Clearly females prefer to travel large distances between episodes of egg-laying, and the population is never high enough to utilise all plants where they are abundant.

Meadowsweet has an odd method of blooming; small branches of flowers develop sequentially, each one having buds and flowers for 10-12 days, but with the blooming period of the flower cluster lasting as long as 5 weeks. Eggs were always laid on branches having only small green buds. Small larvae were always on branches with some large white buds, and/or a few open flowers. Larger larvae were always on branches with completely open flowers, sometimes with some unripe green fruits, though they rarely ate the fruits, only when there were no flowers left on the whole plant. Towards the end of the season I occasionally saw larvae crawling along branches looking for more flowers, once all the branches in their original cluster were exhausted.

I collected 135 larvae, and kept them in 20 ml glass vials in the house. I had planned to change the foodplants every day, but it was not necessary. Each flower branch lasted 3-4 days. The larvae produced much less frass than those of the Cherry Gall Azure larvae, so I changed the vials about every third day. Obviously their food was of a much higher quality than the galls, so they didn’t need to eat nearly as much.

The larvae were much less active than those of the Cherry Gall Azure, never leaving the flower branch while there were any flowers left on it. They were different in another way, as well; they were very heavily parasitised. They produced two small Ichneumonid wasps, 3 small Tachinid flies, and almost 100 small yellow fluffy wasp cocoons, about 3 mm long, none of which have emerged yet. 23 larvae survived to pupate, between August 6 and August 31, and I replaced the vial caps with plugs of tissue paper. Two adults emerged, one each on August 24 and August 25, after 12 and 13 days respectively. The other 21 pupae were kept in the house until October 14 when they were put in the insulated box in my basement window.

The odd flowering method of the plant permits the Summer Azure to have a long flight season; I saw adults from July 3 to August 8. But there is another possible explanation for this. Harry Pavulaan, who discovered the Cherry Gall Azure, recognises two types of Summer Azure, at his home in Rhode Island, USA, although there is no suggestion (as yet) that these are different species. His Type I has checkered hindwing margins, emerges in late June, and is quite rare. His Type II has clear hindwing margins, starts to emerge in mid-July, and is abundant. Our situation is quite the opposite. Here, the azures emerging in the early part of the season, in very late June or early July, which is almost all of them, have checkered wing margins, i.e. correspond to his rare Type I. Toward the end of the flight season the only two fresh specimens that I caught had clear wing margins, i.e. correspond exactly to Harry’s Type II. It will be interesting to see if specimens that pupated later, presumably from eggs laid later, tend to have the Type II wings.

12 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Bronze Copper, Lycaena hyllus

In early August I started to see Bronze Coppers regularly, at a dried-up beaver pond on my land. By mid-August I was seeing large numbers every day, usually nectaring on Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) at one location, a low flat exposed-granite island in the pond, about 50 yards from my house. Usually I see a few coppers at this and two other locations on the ponds, in June and again in August, but never before in such numbers. I had always assumed the foodplant to be Great Water Dock (Rumex orbiculatus), because there are a few large, six-foot-tall multi-stemmed plants of this species at each of the locations. Because of the large numbers of adults this year I decided to confirm the foodplant by finding eggs. I searched each of the plants thoroughly, but with no success.

On August 26, I decided to check the much more numerous plants of Swamp Dock (Rumex verticillatus), which is abundant only at this one location. I soon found 8 ova, but all had the characteristic round hole through which larvae had emerged, i.e. they were the ova from which the late summer generation of coppers had already emerged. All were low on the stems of the plants, usually in the narrow angle between stem and leaf, or at a fork in the stem. Over the next few days I also found 10 live pupae, and many empty pupal shells, usually on the dark brown seed-heads of the plants. Of the live pupae, 5 were dark brown, on the seeds, three were light brown, on stems, and two were brightly coloured yellow and red, on leaves. I still could not find any fresh eggs, although the butterflies were still numerous, and remained so until September 8, with a few stragglers to September 21.

On August 30 I noticed that there were a few small plants of Curled Dock (Rumex crispus) on the island, totally dead-looking and brown in the very dry shallow soil. I looked closely at one and immediately found a few fresh eggs, on the seed heads. I spent about an hour examining all the Curled Dock plants on the island, and found eggs on 13 out of 15 plants, 50 eggs in all. Of these, 36 were on the seed-heads, 3 were on stems, 5 were on shrivelled-up leaves, 5 were on grass within two inches of the plant base, and one was on a tiny twig touching the base of the plant. I checked four other plants, about 50 yards away, and found that two also had eggs, on the seeds. So the butterflies which had emerged from pupae on Swamp Dock were clearly ignoring that plant and laying their eggs on Curled Dock.

By the use of two different foodplants the butterflies are able to avoid serious problems with each. By mid-November almost all the plants of Swamp Dock had fallen over and were underwater; any eggs trying to overwinter there would have had to spend 6 months underwater or encased in thick ice. Any larvae from eggs laid by the first generation on Curled Dock in this location would have had to cope with summer droughts which, by July, usually totally dessicate the plants of Curled Dock. I thought that the eggs of the second generation on Curled Dock would have to spend the winter in a very harsh environment, on the seedheads just above the snowline. But when I looked at the plants in early December I found that almost all of the seeds had fallen off the stems. The seeds, and their attached eggs, will pass the winter under the snow, within inches of the fresh leaves which will develop from the roots in the spring. I also noticed that the seeds of the Great Water Dock had not fallen off. Any eggs laid there, or even on the stems, would have been exposed to severe cold all winter. Perhaps this is one reason why the butterfly does not uses this plant.

13 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Cherry Gall Azure dorsal (top left) and ventral (top right). Summer Azures: dorsal (middle and bottom right) and ventral (middle and bottom left)

Bronze Copper pupae on Swamp Dock (Rumex verticillatus) leaves (left) and stem (middle) and pupal shell on seed head (right).

14 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Reared Summer Azures (dorsal view above, ventral view below) that emerged early (i.e. in March) and appear like normal Spring Azures.

15 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Three butterflies emerged from the pupae, a male and a female on September 6 and another female on September 13. On September 21 two pupae produced large Ichneumonid wasps, (Itoplectis conquisitor).This is a very widespread species, known to parasitise many species of lepidoptera world- wide, but previously reported from only 2 Lycaenids, and no coppers. The remaining 5 pupae are overwintering in the insulated box on my basement window.

RESULTS

Because of the delay in the publication of this Season’s Summary, both Colin Jones and I felt that it made sense to add these results to the decription of what I did last year.

At the beginning of March, we had a very mild spell, with temperatures of about 50° F for several days, and I worried that the insulated box might become warm enough for the butterflies to start emerging. So on March 4 at 11 am, I brought the vials containing the pupae up into the house, into a temperature of about 65° F.

Cherry Gall Azure, Celastrina sp.

I had expected that emergence would take place after about a month, equivalent to a normal emergence at the end of the flight period of the Spring Azure. I was surprised when one Cherry Gall Azure emerged on March 11, i.e. after just one week of higher temperatures. None of the others ever emerged.

Summer Azure, Celastrina neglecta

I had expected that these would emerge after 8 to 10 weeks, equivalent to a normal emergence in late June. I was wrong again. One had already emerged in a vial in the insulated box when I bought it into the house, but had failed to expand its wings. Three had emerged by the first time I checked the vials, at 9:30 a.m. on March 5, after less than 23 hours. One each emerged at 26, 44, 50 and 75 hours, and 6 more within the first seven days. Two totally failed to expand their wings, and the others never emerged.

Of the specimens which expanded their wings, 5 were males and 6 were females. As the photos on the previous page show, they do not in look much like Summer Azures, but instead look like normal Spring Azures, with totally blue, black-bordered females and heavy underside dark markings. Given that they emerged during the first week of “spring weather”, I can’t help wondering if what we have believed for the last decade, i.e. that the Spring and Summer Azures are two separate univoltine species, is perhaps at least partially untrue.

I think that the most likely reason for the failure to emerge of the others, and the Cherry Gall Azures, was the lack of humidity in the house, probably when the temperature went back down again to normal early March temperatures, and possibly also in the insulated box during the winter.

16 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Bronze Copper, Lycaena hyllus

No butterflies emerged from the five overwintered pupae; probably they were dead last summer. I started to check the Curled Dock plants in March, and found that 11 of the plants, which were growing close to the edges of the island, were now underwater, along with their fallen seeds and eggs. None of these plants ever had larvae on them. I regularly checked all the plants, and found new reddish leaves on March 30.

On May 4, I found one first instar larva, 3.2 mm long. I reared it in a small vial, in the house. On May 20 it was 23 mm long. I moved it into a larger jar to observe it pupating in a normal position, and on May 21 it climbed to the top of a dead seed stalk, where it remained for three days before pupating on May 24. A female Bronze Copper emerged on June 7, after 14 days.

I continued to check the Curled Dock plants, and on May 28 found 12 larvae, from 7 to 17 mm in length, i.e. 2nd to 4th instar. However, it was not a good year for the Bronze Copper on my island; I saw only two first generation and three second generation specimens. The pond did not dry up this year, but I searched the Swamp Dock several times without finding a single egg, larva or pupa.

DISCOVERY OF THE SACHEM (ATALOPEDES CAMPESTRIS) IN METRO TORONTO

by Barry Harrison

On Tuesday, July 29, 2003, I was on the base of the Leslie Street Spit in Metro Toronto. It was a sunny day with a temperature of 25-26ºC on its way up to 29ºC with little in the way of a breeze. Prior to this, the 27th was rainy in the morning and party sunny in the afternoon with a high of approximately 25ºC while the 28th had been mostly sunny with a high of about 29ºC. At 11 a.m. on the 29th I entered a small patch of sedge-like grass surrounded by regular grass (probably Timothy). I immediately spotted a fair-sized skipper with open wings on a sedge blade about a foot off the ground. The patches of white in a line on its upper forewings really caught my attention! Intrigued by its puzzling appearance, I kneeled down beside it for a while until it flew a few feet away and then I resumed my study. Not being aware of its identity at the time, I took in all of the features as it allowed for close inspection of both its upper and lower wings before eventually flying away, and perhaps significantly (from a migrational aspect), in an east/northeast direction. I then opened my Kaufman field guide to butterflies (Brock and Kaufman 2003) and realized that it looked exactly like a female Sachem (Atalopedes campestris), and was still fairly fresh. I could not relocate it. On the upper forewing were a row of four whitish spots with two large, somewhat rectangular to oval inner ones being outstanding. These spots contrasted with the overall dark, orange and brown colouration. The under hindwing was a warm, yellowish-brown (but mostly brownish) tone. This is the same basic colouration as the individual illustrated in the upper-right corner of page 303 in Brock and Kaufman (2003). There was also a dull (but quite noticeable) creamy-yellow post median band on the under hindwing. The second chevron spot from the bottom had an unmistakable outer jut or protuberance at the bottom as those on plate 57 in Glassberg (1999). As in the latter picture, there was also a clear orange rim on the under forewing (approximately 2/3 long) showing above the closed under hindwing. This record is the furthest north of any previous record in Ontario, as it normally only makes it (on occasion) up to the Point Pelee area. 17 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

References Brock J. P., K. Kaufman. 2003. Butterflies of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., New York. 384 pp. Glassberg, J. 1999. Butterflies through Binoculars: The East. Oxford University Press, New York. 242 pp.

A SUMMARY OF BUTTERFLIES IN THE TORONTO REGION IN 2004 with additional notes from Branchton Prairie, Waterloo

By Bob Yukich

The 2004 season in the Toronto Region was generally lacklustre do to a poor showing of southern immigrants, although some resident breeding species did well. The Toronto Centre annual butterfly count on July 10 had their highest species count ever (44), and the second highest number of individuals (4836) in the 10 years since the count began. Most other counts in southern Ontario, as well as in the north, reported fewer species and fewer individuals than usual. The word was that there were fewer butterflies around this year. Monarch migration was almost non-existent this fall.

Hairstreaks did well, in the west end of Toronto at least, with 54 Banded Hairstreaks in High Park on July 6 (my highest count there in the past 10 years). Common Wood-Nymphs were in good numbers this year also. I photographed a Tawny Emperor at Branchton Prairie, Waterloo on July 18. I have not seen this species at this site before, and don't know what its status is there. There are some Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) trees present, however, the larval food plant for Tawny Emperor.

The Toronto Centre butterfly count reported a total of 9 Compton Tortoiseshells (rare in summer in our area), 2 being on my route at Lambton Prairie, the first I've seen in the Toronto west end in summer in 10 years of observations.

By far, the most spectacular species I recorded in our area this year was a Black Dash in High Park on July 16, the first record ever for Toronto, as well as the most easterly record for the province! How this non-migratory species arrived here is a mystery. Its fresh condition suggested that it emerged nearby. I was surveying a new colony of Delaware Skippers on a slope with Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and various sedges along the east side of Grenadier Pond when I spotted the Black Dash nectaring on Red Clover (Trifolium pratense). I was astonished!

I had great looks at the underside of this skipper. It never did open its wings, however. It appeared very fresh and was slightly larger than nearby Delaware Skippers. The underside of the hindwing was reddish orange, and it had a vague "fist-shaped" yellow patch in the centre of it that showed little contrast with the background colour. It was a straight forward identification with nothing to confuse it with. When I approached to try to get a photo it quickly flew off. I searched for sometime but could not find it again. Over the next week or so I searched the area intensively but could not find it or any other individuals of this species.

18 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Two days after the discovery of the Black Dash in Toronto, on July 18 at Branchton Prairie, Waterloo, Black Dash was the most common skipper I recorded, with at least 13 fresh individuals observed amongst the sedges. During the summer of 2003 Alan Wormington reported a Black Dash colony he discovered within the Toronto 50 km circle, just south of Boyne, Halton the first record of this species within the Toronto region. He reported the host plant there as being Carex lacustris. The wetland sedges present at the High Park site are C. vulpinoidea and C. hystricina on the lower slope. The upper slope has dry land sedges, C. pennsylvanica and C. siccata. There has been some wetland restoration around Grenadier Pond in recent years, with various sedges having been planted in the process. Apparently, some of these plants came from southwestern Ontario. I don't know whether it would be possible for larvae to arrive here on these plants. Alan Wormington suggests that the individual I saw likely flew in from a nearby colony.

REARING NOTES FROM 2004

by Ross A. Layberry

My main goals in 2004 were threefold: to find a satisfactory way to overwinter pupae of Celastrina, to look for differences in the larvae of the three Azures, which would help to confirm their status as species, and to observe the delays in emergence when they are brought into warm temperatures in the spring. I used the same insulated box in the basement window that I used in the last two years (see 2001 TEA Lepidoptera Summary and Ontario Lepidoptera 2002), but I equipped it with a remote temperature/humidity detector, monitored frequently, every day, and I put an open bowl of water in the box to help maintain a higher humidity. To look for differences in the larvae, I photographed as many fifth instar larvae as possible under identical conditions, in bright sunlight between 9 and 10 a.m. In addition, I reared a few specimens of other species, to see if other larvae would successfully overwinter with the Celastrina pupae, and to observe their emergence dates. After pupation, all vial lids were replaced with folded plugs of toilet paper, to prevent the growth of mould in the vials. They were kept in the house until October 10, when they were put in the insulated box.

Spring Azure, Celastrina ladon

I searched three species of cherry and two species of dogwood for ova and larvae of the Spring Azure, with very little success. I found one egg, on flowers of Alternate-leaved Dogwood (Cornus altenifolia), at home, 5 km SE Fitzroy Harbour, on May 29, and another, already hatched, on May 30. I collected the first one, and it hatched on May 31. I checked the tree repeatedly looking for the larva from the hatched egg, but never found it. I reared the first larva in a small vial on Dogwood flowers and photographed it in the fifth instar, and it pupated about June 20. On June 10, at home, I found a fourth instar larva feeding on flowers on Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana). I reared it and it pupated on June 19. On July 1, the first specimen emerged, a violacea form female, looking for all the world like a Summer Azure.

19 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Cherry Gall Azure, Celastrina sp.

On the evening of May 23, I found an egg of the Cherry Gall Azure, on a leaf of Choke Cherry which was covered with galls. It rained heavily overnight, but when I went to photograph the egg the next morning, I found that it had hatched, and the tiny larva was almost submerged in the water film on the leaves. Four days later, I collected it, and reared it in a small vial until it pupated, on June 15, after 19 days. Over the next four weeks, until June 18, I found about 100 more larvae, at nine locations in Carleton County, and reared 89 of them. 69 survived to pupate, between June 15 and July 8. Three larvae produced small ichneumonid wasps. Seven Cherry Gall Azures emerged, one female on July 1 after 13 days, and six males, two on July 1, one on July 2, one on July 6, one on July 7 and one on July 10, after 13, 12, 13, 14, 13 and 11 days respectively. I successfully photographed 60 larvae, in the fifth instar.

Summer Azure, Celastrina neglecta

I was late starting to look for Summer Azure larvae, finding my first three on August 11. Over the next 17 days I found a total of 68 larvae, and many ova, all on buds or flowers of Choke Cherry, at 29 locations in Carleton, Lanark, Renfrew, Grenville and Stormont Counties. I reared the larvae, and a few ova, in small vials. 31 survived to pupate, between August 16 and September 8, and the last one died on September 19. Two which were reared from ova took 12 and 14 days from hatching to pupation. Three pupae produced small tachinid fly pupae, from which flies (Aplomya theclarum (Scudder)) emerged after 8, 10 and 11 days respectively. Most of the others died after producing tiny wasp larvae, the same as last year. One male emerged on September 4, after 14 days. I successfully photographed 22 fifth instar larvae.

Pine Elfin, Calloprys niphon

Pine Elfins started flying on May 11, and I started to search for ova and larvae, on all the low branches of the White Pines around my home. I found the first egg on May 15, and it hatched on May 19. I could not find the larva for two days, and finally realised that it was burrowing in the base of a pine needle, producing tiny pale green “worm-castings”. It emerged on the third day, and was striped longitudinally in brown and white. When it moulted into the second instar the stripes became dark green and white. The larva was much more bristly than Celastrina larvae. Over the next three weeks I found 11 more ova, always tucked into the angle between the base of a needle and the main shoot. I marked most of the others and left them on the trees, and found that about half disappeared or did not emerge. I reared three, in small vials, and two survived to pupate, on July 13 after 43 days, and on July 17 after 34 days.

Hoary Elfin, Callophrys polios

I searched for ova of the Hoary Elfin at several colonies, but found very few plants of Bearberry (Arctostaphyllus uva-ursi) which had any flowers, and I had always believed that the larvae ate only the flowers. So on May 19, I put a female in a container (a one-pound peanut butter jar), containing a few twigs of Bearberry and one of cherry flowers for nectar, all in a small vial of water to maintain freshness. I shone a bright lamp on the jar to keep it bright and warm. She produced four ova on May 20, and two more on May 22, after which she was released. Two eggs were laid on flowers, and the others

20 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______were on old leaves near the tips of the twigs. The eggs all hatched between May 28 and May 30. The first three larvae were placed on fresh flowers, and immediately crawled inside them. This caused problems when the flowers faded and began to rot after only two days, something that would not have happened had the flowers still been on the plant. It was very difficult to dissect the flowers to find and move the 1.5 mm long larvae. By this time the plants in the field were beginning to develop tiny new leaves, so these larvae and the newly emerged ones were transferred to leaves, which they ate with no apparent problems.

However, only two survived into the third instar. One pupated on July 4, after 35 days, and the other died on July 18, after 50 days. In the first and second instar the larvae were mottled pink and green, and a vivid unmarked green in the third to fifth instar, and very bristly.

Olympia Marble, Euchloe olympia

On May 29, near Burnstown, Renfrew County, I collected two larvae and two white ova on Tower Mustard (Arabis glabra). This is the only local colony using this foodplant; at all others, the foodplant is Divaricate Arabis (Arabis divaricarpa). The ova turned yellow the next day and hatched on June 3. I reared the larvae in small vials, and two survived to pupate, one on June 17, and one from an egg on June 22, after 19 days.

Silvery Blue, Glaucopsyche lygdamus

Between June 19 and July 8, I found about 20 larvae on Cow Vetch (Viccia cracca) and White Sweet- clover (Melilotus alba), and reared most of them in small vials. The larvae were variously coloured: those on Cow Vetch flowers were reddish- purple, while those on White Sweet-clover were creamy white with a red mid-dorsal line if they were feeding on the flowers, and green if feeding on the leaves (Figure 1). I tried switching larvae between foodplants to see if they would change colour. They did not, but I suspect it was because they were all in at least third instar. I searched for larvae on Yellow Sweet- clover (Melilotus officinalis), although this has never been reported as a foodplant. I found none, but switched two green larvae to this plant, to see if they would eat it and change colour. They ate it with no apparent problems. One did not change colour at all and the other became a bit yellowish green, but both died in the fifth instar. Nine of the larvae found on July 8 pupated between July 13 and July 18.

Striped Hairstreak, Satyrium liparops

On June 8, I was at Constance Bay Sandhills searching for Spring Azure larvae. I saw a dense stand of thirty-inch tall Sand Cherry (Prunus pumila), so I swept it with my butterfly net, and found a bright green, very bristly fifth instar lycaenid larva, one that I had never seen before. The next day, at home, on a small Choke Cherry, I found three more identical larvae, two eating leaves and one eating small green fruits. On June 10, in the Marlborough Forest, I found two more larvae, one eating leaves and the other eating fruits. And finally, on June 11, at home, I found another, on a different Choke Cherry tree, this one eating leaves and galls. I reared them all in small vials. The first one entered the prepupal stage on June 9, and turned to a dull greyish-purple colour; all the others did the same by June 15. All pupated between June 13 and June 17, except for one which produced three small tachinid fly pupae, which have

21 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______not yet emerged. Between June 25 and June 30, five emerged as Striped Hairstreaks, after 12, 13, 13, 13 and 14 days respectively.

Both the trees at home had been searched intensively many times for larvae of Spring Azure and Cherry Gall Azure. I find it hard to believe that I would have missed these larvae until the fifth instar. Is it possible that liparops larvae hide during the day, off the tree, as do the larvae of Edwards Hairstreak?

Figure 1: variation in Silvery Blue larvae. From left to right: pink larva from Cow Vetch; whitish larva with red mid-dorsal stripe from White Sweet-clover flowers; and green larva from the leaves of White Sweet-clover.

Comparison of Celastrina larvae

I selected 8 photographs showing the full range of variation in both the Cherry Gall Azure and the Summer Azure. In both species, the larvae are very variable in colour and pattern. Cherry Gall Azure larvae (Figure 2) can be green or very pale green, with a darker green mid-dorsal line, or they may have red or brown markings ranging from a series of small patches on the mid-dorsal line to a solid line, and even a solid red first thoracic segment. The range in Summer Azure larvae is even greater (Figure 3), despite the fact that these were selected from photographs of only 22 larvae. Larvae can be almost pure white or green, with a very faint mid-dorsal line, or can have a row of spots or a thin line in red or brown, or can have very prominent white dorsal patches on each segment and be heavily suffused with red, brown or both. In addition, they usually (20 of 23) have a distinct dark pigmented area on the leading edge of the first abdominal segment, most clearly seen in the pure white larva. Similar darker areas in Cherry Gall Azure larvae appear to be shadows, as if the third thoracic segment is thicker, higher, than the first abdominal segment. The one Spring Azure larva that I photographed is very similar

22 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______to the fifth Summer Azure larva, with very distinct white patches on each segment, but with the mid- dorsal line brown instead of red.

Figure 2: variation in Cherry Gall Azure larvae

Figure 3: variation in Summer Azure larvae

I believe that these photographs constitute more evidence that the Cherry Gall Azure and the Summer Azure are distinct species. They also throw some doubt on the distinctness of the Spring and Summer Azures; far more rearing is necessary to settle that question.

A REGIONAL UPDATE ON THE STATUS OF THE FUNEREAL DUSKYWING (ERYNNIS FUNERALIS) IN METRO TORONTO

by Barry Harrison

Within North America, the Funereal Duskywing (Erynnis funeralis) is mostly known as an inhabitant of Mexico and the southwestern United States, migrating north each year to the central U.S., occasionally reaching as far north as Ontario. It has been recorded twice at Point Pelee National Park, Essex County: once on October 6, 1990 (Wormington 1991, 1992) and again on September 23, 1992 (Hanks 1993).

It was unrecorded in the Toronto region until September 27, 1998 when one was seen at Sylvan Park, Scarborough by R.J. Yukich. Strangely, in the brief period since, it has been seen (and occasionally photographed) on six occasions. The latest records occurred on August 22 and 25, 2004 in the Bellamy

23 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Table 1. Official NABA Butterfly Counts conducted in Ontario in 2003.

# COUNT NAME DATE COMPILER 1 Algonquin East June 7 Colin Jones 2 Misery Bay June 14 Nancy Ironside 3 MacGregor Point June 21 Mary Rapati 4 Muskoka June 22 Lou Spence 5 Orillia June 28 Bob Bowles 6 Pinery Provincial Park June 28 Brenda Kulon 7 Oshawa June 29 James Kamstra 8 Toronto T.E.A. July 1 Nancy van der Poorten 9 Severn July 5 Nancy Ironside 10 Long Point July 5 Chauncey Wood 11 Lake Dore July 5 Chris Michener 12 Skunk's Misery July 6 Ann White 13 Manion Corners July 6 Peter Hall 14 Sunderland July 6 James Kamstra 15 Algonquin Park Hwy 60 July 9 Colin Jones 16 Toronto Centre July 12 John Carley 17 Clear Creek July 12 Graham Buck 18 Carden Alvar July 13 Bob Bowles 19 Rondeau Provincial Park July 13 D. Wurker 20 Haliburton Highlands July 13 Ed Poropat 21 Hog Island July 13 Chris Michener 22 Killarney Prov. Park July 13 Mike Lavin 23 Petrogylphs July 19 Jerry Ball 24 Pelee Island August 2 Bob Bowles 25 Point Pelee National Park August 9 Sarah Rupert

Table 2. Official NABA Butterfly Counts conducted in Ontario in 2004.

# COUNT NAME DATE COMPILER 1 Algonquin East June 5 Colin Jones 2 Pinery Provincial Park June 26 Brenda Kulon 3 Muskoka June 27 Ron Stager 4 Oshawa June 27 James Kamstra 5 Toronto T.E.A. July 1 Nancy vander Poorten 6 Lake Dore July 3 Chris Michener 7 Long Point July 3 Chauncey Wood 8 Misery Bay July 3 Nancy Ironside 9 Orillia July 3 Bob Bowles 10 Windsor July 3 Paul Pratt 11 Skunk's Misery July 4 Ann White 12 Sunderland July 4 James Kamstra 13 MacGregor Point July 10 Mary Rapati 14 Haliburton Highlands July 10 Ed Poropat 15 Clear Creek July 10 Heather Prangley 16 Toronto Centre July 10 John Carley 17 Carden Alvar July 11 Bob Bowles 18 Killarney Prov. Park July 11 Mike Lavin 19 Rondeau Provincial Park July 11 Sandy Dobbyn 20 Hog Island July 17 Chris Michener 21 Petrogylphs July 17 Jerry Ball 22 Pelee Island July 31 Bob Bowles 23 Point Pelee National Park August 7 Sarah Rupert

26 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Table 3. Butterfly and Skipper totals for each official NABA butterfly count conducted in Ontario in 2003.

SPECIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Silver-spotted Skipper 1 7 42 22 19 59 8 69 Southern Cloudywing 1 22 8 Northern Cloudywing 7 8 3 18 15 1 1 8 15 8 Dreamy Duskywing 1 2 4 6 18 3 Sleepy Duskywing 1 Juvenal's Duskywing 18 1 2 2 Mottled Duskywing 1 Columbine Duskywing 1 Wild Indigo Duskywing 1 Common Sootywing 12 2 Arctic Skipper 3 2 17 3 10 Least Skipper 23 4 33 17 1 2 24 2 European Skipper 8 39 2167 88 3154 1150 9000 852 336 6801 425 Indian Skipper 3 4 5 4 Hesperia sp. Peck's Skipper 1 1 4 15 3 1 14 5 Tawny-edged Skipper 1 16 29 55 117 1 8 Crossline Skipper 7 2 7 2 1 Long Dash 1 21 24 6 107 80 3 6 4 9 9 Northern Broken-dash 1 1 13 9 7 1 Little Glassywing 7 5 Delaware Skipper 1 1 10 Mulberry Wing Hobomok Skipper 3 6 42 26 30 76 164 153 9 17 1 13 12 Broad-winged Skipper 16 Dion Skipper Duke's Skipper Black Dash 1 Two-spotted Skipper 1 4 3 Dun Skipper 2 3 7 2 4 3 6 10 Dusted Skipper 5 Common Roadside-skipper 15 5 5 4 1 8 1 Skipper sp. Pipevine Swallowtail 1 Black Swallowtail 11 5 23 4 1 2 1 18 Giant Swallowtail 10 1 Eastern Tiger Swallowtail 222 6 35 68 Canadian Tiger Swallowtail 58 67 30 65 19 4 24 4 22 5 2 Spicebush Swallowtail 51 80 6 Swallowtail sp. Mustard White 2 4 1 6 3 4 1 1 Cabbage White 44 1 17 154 38 70 10 304 6 1427 10 Pieris sp. Clouded Sulphur 3 6 1 4 11 30 1 38 Orange Sulphur 2 6 4 1 20 Pink-edged Sulphur 3 Colias sp. Little Yellow 1 Harvester 2 American Copper 3 17 2 1 1 Bronze Copper 7 2 3 3 13 3 3 Bog Copper 4 Acadian Hairstreak 1 10 Coral Hairstreak 1 6 2 2 Edwards' Hairstreak Banded Hairstreak 2 6 Hickory Hairstreak 2 Striped Hairstreak Brown Elfin 8 Callophrys sp. 2 Grey Hairstreak Eastern Tailed Blue 1 5 5 1 4 2

27 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

SPECIES 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 total Silver-spotted Skipper 6 11 134 190 70 638 Southern Cloudywing 2 33 Northern Cloudywing 3 9 2 6 1 5 1 111 Dreamy Duskywing 2 1 37 Sleepy Duskywing 1 Juvenal's Duskywing 1 24 Mottled Duskywing 1 Columbine Duskywing 9 5 74 89 Wild Indigo Duskywing 17 18 Common Sootywing 5 1 11 39 70 Arctic Skipper 3 1 39 Least Skipper 166 22 3 3 27 74 125 8 121 1 61 717 European Skipper 1524 1357 730 452 728 1769 1237 423 444 726 11 5828 Indian Skipper 6 8 164 Hesperia sp. 2 2 Peck's Skipper 88 31 1 4 14 1 93 1 6 26 6 315 Tawny-edged Skipper 149 13 2 1 8 2 16 2 4 424 Crossline Skipper 8 1 1 1 3 9 10 52 Long Dash 292 27 1 3 6 213 3 3 23 1 842 Northern Broken-dash 44 23 10 5 6 29 33 cw 4 186 Little Glassywing 15 3 5 35 Delaware Skipper 15 4 18 7 2 14 41 113 Mulberry Wing 1 6 22 146 175 Hobomok Skipper 25 32 4 7 31 12 3 3 4 673 Broad-winged Skipper 15 18 5 424 1 479 Dion Skipper 3 1 1 6 4 6 4 25 Duke's Skipper 23 23 Black Dash 1 Two-spotted Skipper 3 16 25 4 56 Dun Skipper 92 56 22 17 36 1 332 43 11 4242 22 30 4941 Dusted Skipper 5 Com. Roadside Skipper 1 6 46 Skipper sp. 16 6 2 24 Pipevine Swallowtail 1 2 Black Swallowtail 6 5 17 6 23 1 2 62 272 459 Giant Swallowtail 2 2 23 114 152 Eastern Tiger Swallowtail 1 4 49 92 1 29 54 561 Can. Tiger Swallowtail 77 10 10 13 1 2 1 414 Spicebush Swallowtail 5 7 44 193 Swallowtail sp. 1 1 Mustard White 30 11 5 38 3 132 241 Cabbage White 422 14 337 464 259 871 228 361 11 22 6128 3301 1449 Pieris sp. 12 2 149 Clouded Sulphur 23 2 4 21 64 13 2 1 3 7 6 39 279 Orange Sulphur 3 19 41 5 1 201 295 598 Pink-edged Sulphur 96 46 1 11 157 Colias sp. 24 24 Little Yellow 1 Harvester 2 American Copper 3 1 1 29 Bronze Copper 77 1 3 11 6 3 2 2 3 30 172 Bog Copper 54 7 65 Acadian Hairstreak 4 17 113 13 2 96 256 Coral Hairstreak 10 5 5 2 31 1 48 113 Edwards' Hairstreak 5 9 14 Banded Hairstreak 2 19 1 17 4 3 76 130 Hickory Hairstreak 1 1 4 Striped Hairstreak 1 1 5 2 29 38 Brown Elfin 8 Callophrys sp. 2 Grey Hairstreak 1 2 3 Eastern Tailed Blue 4 23 4 6 1 4 13 73

28 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

SPECIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Spring Azure 6 12 132 1 6 Summer Azure 155 8 14 6 317 3 49 10 Silvery Blue 112 6 7 34 46 59 2 3 American Snout Variegated Fritillary Great Sprangled Fritillary 2 6 10 16 1 10 2 166 2 Aphrodite Fritillary 2 2 Atlantis Fritillary 4 Speyeria sp. 1 15 Silver-bordered Fritillary 4 11 1 19 2 20 1 Meadow Fritillary 3 12 3 2 12 Boloria sp. 3 Silvery Checkerspot 4 4 4 39 8 Harris's Checkerspot 61 Pearl Crescent 4 34 44 135 20 3 19 4 Northern Crescent 1 16 52 37 84 93 1205 384 42 309 72 69 435 Tawny Crescent 1 Phyciodes sp. 3 20 Baltimore Checkerspot 20 16 4 2 Question Mark 7 18 4 7 5 1 4 Eastern Comma 2 1 2 1 1 32 8 2 1 Green Comma 1 3 Grey Comma 2 Polygonia sp. 2 Compton Tortoiseshell 1 1 Mourning Cloak 1 12 4 1 9 2 5 2 Milbert's Tortoiseshell 1 American Lady 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 13 Painted Lady 17 Red Admiral 1 1 2 13 15 9 64 54 2 Common Buckeye 1 2 White Admiral 17 72 128 44 32 69 14 Red-spotted Purple 2 2 84 9 13 12 5 Viceroy 19 39 25 14 77 40 2 33 2 6 15 Hackberry Emperor Tawny Emperor 2 7 Northern Pearly-eye 18 3 6 1 3 8 Eyed Brown 1 12 1 66 9 28 41 19 2 22 Appalachian Brown 1 7 6 6 Little Wood-Satyr 1 1 2 79 33 4119 410 344 14 233 10 505 8 Common Ringlet 1 424 289 146 32 631 298 1 6 4 8 Common Wood-Nymph 2 1 4 1 75 Jutta Arctic 2 Satyrodes sp. 1 Monarch 49 9 9 3 13 26 8 27 58 47 6

Total Invididuals 215 161 880 797 2843 5302 6476 3026 9271 2599 642 9657 1102 Total Species 13 19 27 31 30 43 42 41 26 48 33 55 39 Date JN07 JN14 JN21 JN22 JN28 JN28 JN29 JY01 JY05 JY05 JY05 JY06 JY06 Observers 11 2 25 17 9 22 14 17 9 13 10 23 2

29 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

SPECIES 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 total Spring Azure 157 Summer Azure 93 5 48 22 91 55 8 2 40 2417 750 4093 Silvery Blue 24 5 2 1 301 American Snout 1 58 4 63 Variegated Fritillary 8 1 9 Great Sprangled Fritillary 52 9 55 27 20 41 7 12 10 448 Aphrodite Fritillary 17 8 50 79 Atlantis Fritillary 31 13 2 18 68 Speyeria sp. 7 10 7 40 Silver-bordered Fritillary 8 52 1 27 2 148 Meadow Fritillary 24 1 26 69 2 154 Boloria sp. 3 Silvery Checkerspot 1 2 62 Harris's Checkerspot 1 4 66 Pearl Crescent 37 1 39 6 44 12 4 6 24 436 Northern Crescent 1476 4 26 115 92 397 67 19 453 21 113 5582 Tawny Crescent 1 2 Phyciodes sp. 3 26 Baltimore Checkerspot 207 334 129 712 Question Mark 2 4 8 9 11 2 1 74 22 179 Eastern Comma 1 7 16 10 12 3 11 21 11 142 Green Comma 4 1 9 Grey Comma 11 1 27 20 1 10 1 6 79 Polygonia sp. 2 2 3 10 19 Compton Tortoiseshell 1 5 31 12 9 60 Mourning Cloak 4 1 2 4 9 5 1 5 15 5 5 92 Milbert's Tortoiseshell 10 1 12 American Lady 13 1 1 16 18 8 4 1 7 5 11 109 Painted Lady 3 3 21 1 3 1 32 3 17 13 114 Red Admiral 13 6 33 79 9 398 4 4 2 3 6 33 751 Common Buckeye 3 White Admiral 67 367 105 371 48 10 136 1480 Red-spotted Purple 2 2 1 48 54 234 Viceroy 78 1 32 73 51 42 5 10 15 62 641 Hackberry Emperor 18 19 37 Tawny Emperor 1 1 70 17 98 Northern Pearly-eye 21 25 6 5 7 43 7 6 121 280 Eyed Brown 875 243 1 1 121 8 653 8 67 166 5 2349 Appalachian Brown 10 15 10 47 102 Little Wood-Satyr 38 41 144 105 1 468 3 10 16 6585 Common Ringlet 121 13 20 2 10 6 2 2 2016 Common Wood-Nymph 20 1 24 383 185 33 135 249 11 60 4 118 1306 Jutta Arctic 2 Satyrodes sp. 1 Monarch 102 52 28 56 46 185 205 42 29 88 205 471 1764

Total Invididuals 20145 2642 1473 2191 2507 4614 16005 1362 714 7579 9480 6229 117912 Total Species 54 36 38 50 46 42 55 36 32 58 26 43 95 Date JY06 JY09 JY12 JY12 JY13 JY13 JY13 JY13 JY13 JY19 AU02 AU09 Observers 21 27 19 17 12 22 10 4 27 12 11 27 383

30 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Table 4. Butterfly and Skipper totals for each official NABA butterfly count conducted in Ontario in 2004.

SPECIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Silver-spotted 4 26 14 8 108 2 49 11 2 SouthernSkipper 4 2 2 NortCloudywinghern 6 14 11 7 1 14 4 2 DreamyCloudywing Duskywing 42 6 1 Juvenal's Duskywing 23 3 Columbine 1 WildDuskywing Indigo CommonDuskywing Sootywing 1 Erynnis sp. 9 1 Arctic Skipper 34 3 1 3 1 Least Skipper 1 3 2 7 14 19 3 80 European Skipper 577 642 2161 573 3410 1250 5 1162 89 1476 14902 Fiery Skipper Indian Skipper 10 Peck's Skipper 1 1 7 1 1 1 2 2 48 Tawny-edged 11 58 81 2 18 7 2 3 204 CrosslineSkipper Skipper 7 2 1 9 10 7 Long Dash 3 16 98 34 12 4 4 13 2 182 Northern Broken- 4 2 19 17 60 30 14 Littdashle Glassywing 4 19 19 5 Delaware Skipper 1 7 15 8 4 Mulberry Wing Hobomok Skipper 27 11 14 61 44 2 6 1 5 1 2 15 Broad-winged 16 DionSkipper Skipper 1 Duke's Skipper Black Dash 1 Two-spotted Skipper Dun Skipper 2 1 9 4 3 15 11 Dusted Skipper 2 Pepper and Salt 1 Com.Skipper Roa dside- 41 2 Skipperskipper sp. 4 4 Black Swallowtail 3 1 2 2 2 2 Giant Swallowtail Eastern Tiger 64 1 44 29 20 Can.Swallowtail Tiger 290 2 8 4 2 12 4 3 10 SpicebushSwallowtail 2 25 2 1 Swallowtail sp. 2 Mustard White 6 3 2 16 Cabbage White 43 16 44 10 132 14 141 122 43 Pieris sp. 10 Clouded Sulphur 4 1 2 2 6 69 2 29 35 22 Orange Sulphur 2 4 9 3 38 18 62 5 Pink-edged Sulphur 4 Colias sp. 1 Little Yellow Harvester 5 1 American Copper 1 5 5 2 Bronze Copper 2 6 17 22 4 2 21 Bog Copper 3 Lycaena sp. Acadian Hairstreak 1 4 20 28 5 Coral Hairstreak 2 5 12 15 1 1 Edwards' Hairstreak 3 8 Banded Hairstreak 1 40 12 8 Hickory Hairstreak 2 Striped Hairstreak 1 2 Satyrium sp. 3 Brown Elfin 3 Hoary Elfin 1

31 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

SPECIES 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 total Silver-spotted Skipper 43 105 24 2 5 403 Southern Cloudywing 4 12 Northern Cloudywing 7 2 1 69 Dreamy Duskywing 49 Juvenal's Duskywing 26 Columbine 1 11 13 WildDuskywing Indigo 32 32 CommonDuskywing Sootywing 3 1 3 5 13 Erynnis sp. 10 Arctic Skipper 1 43 Least Skipper 12 34 2 8 35 28 43 56 442 789 European Skipper 7273 25441 369 2648 3891 169 502 158 560 8 67266 Fiery Skipper 1 1 Indian Skipper 10 Peck's Skipper 4 34 1 1 8 7 22 4 145 Tawny-edged Skipper 6 24 1 4 5 4 1 431 Crossline Skipper 5 4 1 26 16 1 89 Long Dash 13 98 2 15 4 15 515 Northern Broken- 1 4 5 71 23 3 19 1 5 278 Littledash Glassywing 5 7 59 Delaware Skipper 2 35 10 13 95 Mulberry Wing 13 31 24 68 Hobomok Skipper 3 12 1 2 2 1 3 213 Broad-winged 2 11 304 333 DionSkipper Skipper 1 6 1 4 9 22 Duke's Skipper 2 2 Black Dash 1 Two-spotted Skipper 4 3 7 Dun Skipper 6 120 17 68 18 9 10 68 1041 7 9 1418 Dusted Skipper 2 Pepper and Salt 1 Com.Skipper Roadside - 1 44 Skipperskipper sp. 4 54 1 1 68 Black Swallowtail 2 6 4 1 10 12 35 82 Giant Swallowtail 2 72 140 214 Eastern Tiger 12 22 54 35 13 294 Can.Swallowtail Tiger 26 2 11 2 2 378 SpicebushSwallowtail 2 23 55 SwalloSwallowtailwtail sp. 1 3 Mustard White 7 52 1 74 161 Cabbage White 157 30 557 844 157 820 33 6 2291 1639 7099 Pieris sp. 3 26 39 Clouded Sulphur 21 17 80 122 62 5 71 73 29 63 112 827 Orange Sulphur 11 3 154 72 21 337 1 1 636 338 1715 Pink-edged Sulphur 138 2 1 145 Colias sp. 2 25 2 30 Little Yellow 3 1 4 Harvester 6 American Copper 13 Bronze Copper 33 2 3 1 20 2 1 4 1 3 20 164 Bog Copper 1 5 9 Lycaena sp. 1 1 Acadian Hairstreak 8 62 23 1 61 213 Coral Hairstreak 15 13 1 13 2 65 145 Edwards' Hairstreak 1 13 14 39 Banded Hairstreak 1 18 31 2 18 4 96 1 232 Hickory Hairstreak 1 3 6 Striped Hairstreak 1 1 1 33 39 Satyrium sp. 1 1 1 6 Brown Elfin 3 Hoary Elfin 1

32 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

SPECIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eastern Pine Elfin 525 Western Pine Elfin 29 Callophrys sp. 193 Juniper Hairstreak Grey Hairstreak 4 Eastern Tailed Blue 1 3 4 2 2 Spring Azure 63 2 1 1 Summer Azure 66 5 28 1 11 13 16 Cherry Gall Azure Silvery Blue 125 29 5 7 4 8 Blue sp. 22 4 1 American Snout Great Sprangled Fritillary 19 2 5 7 49 1 2 12 98 29 Aphrodite Fritillary 2 1 Atlantis Fritillary 1 Speyeria sp. 1 Silver-bordered Fritillary 8 4 1 11 96 Meadow Fritillary 2 42 Boloria sp. 1 Silvery Checkerspot 7 17 42 19 5 Harris's Checkerspot 41 1 11 1 Pearl Crescent 5 85 49 9 13 7 3 28 Northern Crescent 18 10 63 848 139 281 313 26 47 1 15 644 Tawny Crescent 1 2 2 Phyciodes sp. 6 Baltimore Checkerspot 13 7 2 14 14 Question Mark 2 12 7 11 1 14 3 29 5 Eastern Comma 2 8 4 13 11 2 4 5 1 Green Comma Gray Comma 2 1 Polygonia sp. 5 2 3 Compton Tortoiseshell 1 Mourning Cloak 6 2 2 1 1 8 1 7 Milbert's Tortoiseshell 1 1 American Lady 25 2 4 1 2 3 2 2 5 2 2 Painted Lady 1 6 2 2 2 1 Red Admiral 2 34 11 10 2 3 14 1 Vanessa sp. 2 Common Buckeye 1 White Admiral 13 44 26 21 60 1 15 26 Red-spotted Purple 60 1 4 28 1 Viceroy 2 2 28 6 7 9 1 2 8 6 6 Hackberry Emperor Tawny Emperor 39 7 Asterocampa sp. Northern Pearly-eye 1 10 29 9 22 4 6 4 28 Eyed Brown 54 39 2 27 2 2 230 Appalachian Brown 2 9 25 5 5 Little Wood-Satyr 31 867 66 360 104 19 49 30 5 128 367 33 Common Ringlet 8 26 426 83 5 1 16 13 123 Common Wood-Nymph 2 2 2 17 160 45 16 Macoun's Arctic 2 Chryxus Arctic 3 Satyrodes sp. Monarch 3 6 14 10 12 4 5 10 12 10

Total Invididuals 1563 1836 930 4421 1383 3958 2565 147 1377 997 2490 16991 Total Species 29 34 18 43 42 40 46 20 30 44 47 52 Date JN05 JN26 JN27 JN27 JY01 JY03 JY03 JY03 JY03 JY03 JY04 JY04 Observers 25 14 19 18 15 13 20 2 14 21 24 17

33 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

SPECIES 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 total Eastern Pine Elfin 525 Western Pine Elfin 29 Callophrys sp. 193 Juniper Hairstreak cw 2 2 Grey Hairstreak 1 1 6 Eastern Tailed Blue 8 15 1 11 13 47 107 Spring Azure 67 Summer Azure 17 27 17 16 37 18 44 968 304 1588 Cherry Gall Azure 1 1 Silvery Blue 1 2 9 2 192 Blue sp. 2 3 32 American Snout 1 4 145 36 186 Great Sprangled Fritillary 31 15 71 1 22 29 11 58 1 463 Aphrodite Fritillary 45 10 1 7 7 73 Atlantis Fritillary 2 1 19 23 Speyeria sp. 3 3 12 19 Silver-bordered Fritillary 20 1 2 143 Meadow Fritillary 7 19 8 1 79 Boloria sp. 2 3 Silvery Checkerspot 4 1 8 1 2 106 Harris's Checkerspot 7 19 80 Pearl Crescent 14 5 1 9 3 2 4 3 5 2 33 280 Northern Crescent 282 586 14 20 547 19 16 93 600 5 189 4776 Tawny Crescent 2 7 Phyciodes sp. 3 11 18 1 1 3 43 Baltimore Checkerspot 34 19 20 123 Question Mark 1 1 14 53 1 20 2 12 19 207 Eastern Comma 3 2 2 15 2 7 1 3 22 9 116 Green Comma 1 1 Gray Comma 1 3 1 4 2 cw 14 Polygonia sp. 7 1 1 6 25 Compton Tortoiseshell 1 9 2 13 Mourning Cloak 7 1 4 22 3 2 1 2 2 72 Milbert's Tortoiseshell 2 American Lady 1 2 2 1 3 9 2 12 2 3 87 Painted Lady 1 3 1 1 11 2 1 34 Red Admiral 2 1 64 75 2 86 1 2 19 53 382 Vanessa sp. 2 Common Buckeye 1 2 4 4 2 14 White Admiral 10 87 4 22 14 6 25 374 Red-spotted Purple 3 3 2 44 33 179 Viceroy 18 7 7 1 27 7 1 2 13 66 226 Hackberry Emperor 2 15 17 Tawny Emperor 46 17 109 Asterocampa sp. 4 4 Northern Pearly-eye 6 58 5 7 3 48 4 46 290 Eyed Brown 60 370 35 48 11 22 3 104 4 1013 Appalachian Brown 4 1 3 16 5 75 Little Wood-Satyr 22 18 58 147 1 5 165 2 3 2480 Common Ringlet 7 10 10 4 5 1 738 Common Wood-Nymph 18 21 559 163 73 1 74 54 16 5 56 1284 Macoun's Arctic 2 Chryxus Arctic 3 Satyrodes sp. 1 1 Monarch 32 18 26 39 19 10 48 6 19 35 101 439

Total Invididuals 8203 27325 2248 4836 5130 372 2605 620 3427 4533 3842 101799 Total Species 40 52 47 44 41 29 44 35 49 29 44 99 Date JY10 JY10 JY10 JY10 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY17 JY17 JY31 AU07 Observers 21 9 30 31 22 8 35 11 8 8 33 418

34 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

SUMMARY OF ONTARIO BUTTERFLIES AND SKIPPERS IN 2003 and 2004

Compiled by Colin D. Jones

Introduction

The following is a summary of the butterflies and skippers reported in Ontario in both 2003 and 2004. For each species, the earliest and latest records (that were submitted) are featured, as well as other noteworthy records to include: a) new information on range and new occurrence localities; b) data, when submitted, on flight periods, broods and population monitoring; c) life history data that is not well known or seldom reported including foodplants, nectar sources, larval description and habits, ovipositing data and behaviour, pupal description and siting, adult habits, predation, etc., and; d) records of rare or seldom reported species.

Only those species for which there were reports from 2003 and/or 2004 (or in some cases earlier years) are listed. The full list of Ontario’s butterflies and skippers, along with superfamilies, subfamilies and genera, as well as taxon authors can be found in the Checklist to the Butterflies of Ontario (see page 82). Counties, districts and regional municipalities (as listed on pages 5 and 6) in the text are truncated and printed in italics (e.g. Regional Municipality of Waterloo appears as Waterloo).

The full set of the 12,802 records (comprising 132 species) submitted from 2003 and 2004 is available for download (as a PDF file) from the TEA website (www.ontarioinsects.org). Records within these tables are sorted taxonomically by species, then by county (alphabetically), and then by date. The PDF file (Portable Document Format) on the TEA website can be opened using Adobe Acrobat Reader, which comes pre-installed on most computers, and is also available as a free download at www.adobe.com/support/downloads/. The table can be searched in a limited way using the Find function in Acrobat Reader. An additional PDF file including the key to observer’s initials will also be available for download. For TEA members without access to a computer or printer, a print-out of the butterfly and skipper tables can be requested from Colin Jones (Editor, Ontario Lepidoptera).

Each record within the tables includes data on county, locality, date, observers, numbers seen, and any special notes. Other valuable data that could not be included in the tables due to space limitations, such as georeferencing (UTM or Lat/Long) information, is retained in the TEA’s Ontario Butterfly Atlas Database, which is housed at and maintained by the Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, in Peterborough. Further inquiries or requests for information can be directed to the compiler.

Both the species accounts and the butterfly checklist are organized in accordance with Layberry et al. (1998) with some taxonomic updates from Opler and Warren (2003). The common names follow Layberry et al. (1998).

Data has been carefully checked by the compiler and every effort has been made to verify records for provincially rare and unusual species, as well as species in some particularly difficult groups. However, the majority of records are unverified reports and occasional identification errors may remain. Any corrections brought to the compiler’s attention will be published in future issues of Ontario Lepidoptera.

36 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

The 2003 Season

Although in the north, the winter of 2002/2003 was slightly warmer than average, from January to mid- March it was colder than average in the south and the first butterfly report received was not until March 16 when a Milbert’s Tortoiseshell was seen in the London area. The winter was also very dry throughout most of the province. The Great Lakes – St. Lawrence climatic region, for example, experienced the driest winter on record.

The temperature warmed up quickly in the second half of March, becoming unseasonably warm and there were, as a result, many records of overwintering species (e.g. Mourning Cloaks, Compton Tortoiseshells, etc.) during this period. April and May were, however, slightly cooler than normal and very wet (at least in the south), resulting in a delayed emergence of many species.

Overall, the summer was slightly warmer than usual, especially in northwestern Ontario, but temperatures bounced around a lot, with both cooler and hotter than normal periods. The precipitation was also quite variable with very wet periods and quite dry periods but was about average overall. The cool periods were probably responsible for a few record late dates including very late records of Dreamy Duskywing in both Algonquin Park and Toronto and Hobomok Skipper in Toronto.

Irregular migrants were generally quite low this year including Fiery Skipper, Red Admirals, Painted Ladies and Common Buckeyes. In addition, the extreme lack of Orange Sulpurs was especially noticeable. There was little in the way of southern immigrants and rarities although very few records were received from the Point Pelee area. Despite the fact that the season was generally quite poor from the standpoint of rarities and immigrants from the south, regionally, there were several noteworthy records this summer including Toronto’s first Sachem (see note on Page 17) and two new species discovered in Algonquin Provincial Park: Crossline Skipper (which probably breeds there but has simply been overlooked in the past) and Baltimore Checkerspot (which appears to have been an immigrant). In addition, there were records of Giant Swallowtail from several locations north of the normal range of this species to include Toronto, Port Elgin, and Presqu’ile Provincial Park.

Temperatures through autumn were average to slightly warmer than normal and the precipitation was quite high through most of the province. The Great Lakes – St. Lawrence region, for example, experience the second wettest autumn on record. In the south, the beginning of September was fairly warm but the dry weather continued. By mid-month, however, the temperatures dropped and it became quite wet. Temperatures during October were up-and-down like a Yo-Yo, beginning quite cool, then warming up to above average temperatures before falling once again below average and then, at the end of the month a period of very warm weather hit.

Continuing with the cycle of up-and-down temperatures, November began quite cool with several nights below freezing in southern Ontario. Mid-November was, however, warmer than average, allowing for several record late dates in the Toronto area (e.g. Eastern Comma, Painted Lady, Red Admiral), before temperatures returned once again, to normal levels.

The 2004 Season

Overall, the winter of 2003/2004 was drier than normal throughout the province, with above average temperatures in the north and average temperatures in the south. As a result of the average temperatures in southern Ontario, we did not have any unusually warm spells in February and our first butterfly report

37 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______was not until March 10 when an Eastern Comma was seen in Scarborough. Our next reports were not until the end of March when the typical overwintering species were seen across southern Ontario.

The spring was slightly warmer than average in southern Ontario but cooler than average in the north. In the south, the spring began with higher than average precipitation before becoming quite dry through most of April and then extremely wet for the month of May.

The summer was cooler than normal throughout the province, especially in the north. Precipitation was variable throughout the province with some areas experiencing a lot of rain while other areas were quite dry.

As was the case in 2003, the 2004 season was not a fantastic year for butterflies, with numbers quite low overall (although some species did very well) and no major movement of immigrants into the province, although Red Admirals put in a slightly stronger flight compared to 2003 and there was a stronger movement of American Snouts than normal (see note on page 24). In addition, a record of a Funereal Duskywing from Scarborough is noteworthy. There were far fewer Giant Swallowtails around in 2004, compared the previous year, but there were noteworthy records from both Bruce and Leeds-Grenville. Some regional highlights included the discovery of a new population of Mottled Duskywing in Simcoe County, two records of Little Glassywing from eastern Ontario and Toronto’s first Black Dash record (see note on page 18).

The autumn was warmer than average throughout most of Ontario with higher than average precipitation in the northwest and relatively dry conditions through most of the south. The warm and relatively dry conditions allowed several species of butterfly to fly quite late. There were November records for 10 species (including Cabbage White, Monarch and Question Mark) with a record late date recorded for Red Admiral in both Algonquin Provincial Park and Metro Toronto.

______

Family: HESPERIIDAE

Epargyreus clarus SILVER-SPOTTED SKIPPER

In 2003 – First noted on June 7 near Utica, Durham (JK). Last noted on September 18 at Sylvan Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (BH). In 2004 – First noted on May 16 at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds and Grenville (JJD, MVB). Noteworthy are several October records from the Bellamy Ravine, Scarborough, Metro Toronto with the last being seen on October 10 (LS, BH), the latest Toronto area record (B. Harrison, pers. comm.).

Thorybes bathyllus SOUTHERN CLOUDYWING

In 2003 – Apart from those seen during the NABA butterfly counts (see summary on page 25), no other reports were received of this species. In 2004 – In addition to those reported in the NABA butterfly count summary (see summary on page 25), there was a single record: Two were seen on June 13 in Windsor at the Springarden ANSI, Essex (RJY).

38 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Thorybes pylades NORTHERN CLOUDYWING

In 2003 – Our first record of the year was on May 20 when one was seen on the Charlie Allen Rd., near Rockcroft, Peterborough (JB). One collected on June 21 along the Abitibi River at the Otter Falls Generating Station, Cochrane is noteworthy (MJO, WDB). The latest record this year was on July 28 when a worn individual was noted at the Lambton Prairie, Metro Toronto (RJY). In 2004 - First noted on May 27 when one was collected near Manion Corners, Ottawa (RAL). One collected at Geraldton, Thunder Bay on June 22 (DG) is noteworthy as is one seen on July 5 at Elliot Lake, Algoma (TRa, ABe, CBe). Last reported on July 30 when a single was seen at MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa).

Erynnis icelus DREAMY DUSKYWING

In 2003 – Two were seen on May 8 in Carden Township, Victoria (MH) marking the first of the season. An incredibly late individual (worn) was recorded on July 20 in Rouge Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto, (BH) the latest Toronto area record (B. Harrison, pers. comm.). In 2004 – First seen on May 12 in the Blue Mountain area of Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds and Grenville (JJD, CPR). Last noted in the southern portion of the province on June 21 when a worn individual was seen at Kiosk, Alonquin P.P., Nipissing, (JJD, MVB) and a tattered single was spotted along the rail trail northeast of Keene, Peterborough (JB). In the north, two fresh individuals were collected at Geraldton, Thunder Bay on June 22 (DG).

Erynnis brizo SLEEPY DUSKYWING

In 2003 – Two were recorded on June 1 at the St. Williams Forest Station, Norfolk (RJY) and a single was recorded during the Long Point Butterfly Count on July 5. In 2004 – no reports.

Erynnis juvenalis JUVENAL'S DUSKYWING

In 2003 – The first individuals were noted at three separate locations on May 15: Toronto, Metro Toronto (BH); northwest of MacTier, Muskoka (JK); and, at Petroglyphs P.P., Peterborough (DBr). Our latest record is of a single on July 13 during the Carden Alvar butterfly count, Victoria. In 2004 – On May 11 this species was present at the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary, on Cty. Rd. 19, Frontenac (BEP), the first record of the season. The final record of the year is of three during the Oshawa Butterfly Count, Durham on June 27.

Erynnis martialis MOTTLED DUSKYWING

In 2003 – Singles were seen at the Burnt Lands site, north of Almonte, Lanark on June 2 (RAL) and June 8 (TH) with a total of 3 present on June 10 (RAL). The ony other record came from the Pinery P.P. butterfly count on June 28 when one was recorded. In 2004 – The only record this year is the discovery of a new population of this seemingly declining species. During a targeted survey at Canadian Forces Base, Borden, Simcoe, at least 6 individuals were present in a stand of New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus herbaceus) the larval host plant for this species (CDJ, WDB et al.).

39 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Erynnis funeralis FUNEREAL DUSKYWING

In 2003 – no reports In 2004 – Reported from the Bellamy Ravine, Scarborough, Metro Toronto on both August 22 and 25 (LS), presumably the same individual.

Erynnis lucilius COLUMBINE DUSKYWING

In 2003 – The first record of the year was on May 21 when a single was collected 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL). There was never a clear-cut break in the records this season making it difficult to interpret when the first brood finished and the second began. The last record of an adult was on August 23 at the Burnt Lands, Lanark (RAL) but larvae were recorded on August 26, 27 and September 14, 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL). In 2004 – On May 9 a single individual was noted along the Quiditty Trail, Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (JJD, CPR), marking the beginning of the first brood. Records of the first brood continued until June 16 when a single was seen south of Antrim, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL). The first record of the second brood is of a single photographed at Echo Lake, Frontenac on July 10 (BVR). Our last record of the year was of two on August 27 at Petroglyhps P.P., Peterborough, where it was noted that the second brood was less common this year than in the past (DBr).

Wild Indigo Duskywing at Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto on September 26, 2003 (Bob Yukich)

40 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Erynnis baptisiae WILD INDIGO DUSKYWING

In 2003 – This species, which has been expanding its range into areas where Crown-vetch (Coronilla varia) has been planted, continues to be fairly common locally as far northeast as Metro Toronto. The first generation was noted from May 18, Rouge Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (BH) to June 6, Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto (RJY). A single recorded on July 1 during the Toronto T.E.A. butterfly count could have been either a late first brood or an early second brood individual. Definitive second generation records spanned July 28, Elginton Flats (RJY) to August 9, Point Pelee Butterfly Count, but with a total of 23 and 17 recorded respectively, they were obviously flying before and after that date. Other second generation records came from Wheatley P.P., Essex where one was recorded on August 1 (RJY), the Springarden ANSI, Windsor, Essex where a total of 33 were recorded on August 4 (RJY), and the Eglinton Flats where 37 were recorded on August 8. Third generation records include a report on September 28 from Rouge Park (BH) as well as several records from Eglinton Flats: two on September 18, six on September 26, three on October 13 and one worn individual photographed on October 21 (RJY) - a relatively mild October with alternate cool and warm periods, and no hard frosts till months end, allowed for a protracted 3rd brood of this species (R.J. Yukich, pers. comm.). In 2004 – First brood records spanned the period from May 12 to June 8, all from Eglinton Flats (RJY and CSAM). The second brood records include an individual photographed at High Park, Metro Toronto, on July 6, representing only the second record from the park (RJY), through to August 22 at Eglinton Flats (RJY). There were several third brood records, all from Metro Toronto, to include: one at the Leslie Street Spit on September 23 (BH); a slightly worn individual at the Eglinton Flats on September 30 (RJY); one at Eastpoint Park on September 30 (BH); and a rather late individual at the Bellany Ravine, Scarborough on October 12 (LS).

Erynnis persius borealis “BOREAL” PERSIUS DUSKYWING

In 2003 – On July 8 (coincidentally the exact date as the single 2002 record) a specimen was collected at Fort Severn, in northern Kenora (SB, MBr).

Pyrgus centaureae GRIZZLED SKIPPER

In 2001- Specimens were collected on July 6 at two sites in Polar Bear P.P., Kenora (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – Several records this year (all represented by specimens) to include: one on June 21 near the junction of the Mattagami and Poplar Rapids rivers, Cochrane (MJO, WDB); and from Kenora, the following four records: one at Fort Severn on July 8 (SB, MBr); one at Radar Site 427, Polar Bear P.P. on July 9 (MJO); two at Cape Henrietta Maria on July 10 (MJO); and, one in the western portion of Polar Bear P.P. on July 12 (MJO). In 2004 - A single record this year when one was collected on June 9 in Big Lake Forest, ca. 50km E of Dryden, Kenora (JW).

Pholisora catullus COMMON SOOTYWING

In 2003 – Apart from those recorded during the NABA butterfly counts (see summary on page 25), there are six additional records from this year beginning with a fresh individual at the Wilson Tract, Norfolk on June 2 (RJY), one west of Orwell, Elgin on June 10 (AV), one at the West Elgin Nature Preserve, Elgin on June 15 (IC), one at Fingal Wildlife Management Area, Elgin on June 22 (IC), and finally, the most noteworthy record, a single individual seen very well on August 9 south of Port Elgin, Bruce (MRa). In 2004 – Apart from those recorded during the NABA butterfly counts, none reported. 41 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Carterocephalus palaemon mandon ARCTIC SKIPPER

In 2003 – First reported on June 7 when three were recorded during the Algonquin Park East Side Butterfly Count, Nipissing. Given its relative scarcity in the southern portion of its range, a record on June 24 from Guelph, Wellington (JK) is somewhat noteworthy. The last record comes from Acton, Halton on July 12 (WIM). In 2004 – May 27 marks the date of this year’s first record with a single being reported from Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (MVB). The last individual was recorded during the Killarney P.P. butterfly count on July 11.

Arctic Skipper at Lowville Escarpment Woods, Halton on June 4, 2004 (Brenda van Ryswyk)

Ancyloxypha numitor LEAST SKIPPER

In 2003 – On June 14, two were recorded at Rouge Park, Metro Toronto (MNP), marking the first records of the season. Records of this double-brooded species continued up to, and including, September 16 when the last report came from Frontenac (fide BEP). In 2004 – The year’s first report was on June 8 when a single was recorded at the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto (RJY). Last recorded on September 12 at Oshawa Second Marsh, Durham (JK).

42 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Thymelicus lineola EUROPEAN SKIPPER

In 2003 – First recorded on June 14 from the Ausable-Bayfield Forest, Huron (CDJ, PSB). On August 23, one was at MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa), the last of the season. In 2004 – Our first record of the year was on June 11 from Mitchell Creek, Canoe Lake Rd., Frontenac (BEP), although 500+ were recorded at the Springarden ANSI, Windsor, Essex the following day (RJY), indicating that they had probably already been flying in southwestern Ontario for at least several days, if not longer. The year’s last record was on September 6, when one was recorded at the base of the Leslie Street Spit, Metro Toronto (BH).

Hylephila phyleus FIERY SKIPPER

In 1999 – Two additional records from a year when a major incursion of this southern species occurred in Ontario: one on July 24 from the St. Clair National Wildlife Refuge, Chatham-Kent (MJO) and another on September 24 at Port Burwell P.P., Elgin (MJO). In 2003 – The only report this year was a single at High Park, Metro Toronto on September 5 (BH). In 2004 – Only two records: a rather early record (July 17) at Tommy Thompson Park, Metro Toronto (CSAM) and a single recorded during the Point Pelee N.P. butterfly count, Essex on August 7.

Hesperia comma laurentina COMMON BRANDED SKIPPER

In 2003 – A northern species with few reports, the first record was from the Sunday Lake Rd., Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on August 3 (MVB, JKl, DR), followed by a single near the East Gate of Algonquin P.P. (JJD, BDS) and three others at Annie Bay, Algonquin (MVB, CB) on August 15. Five fresh individuals were found at Whishart Park, Sault Ste. Marie, Algoma on August 17 (RJY) and our last record comes from September 2 when this species was recorded at Parry Sound, Parry Sound (CSAM, BM). In 2004 – The only three records this year are all from Algonquin P.P. as follows: one at the Whitefish Lake millsite, Haliburton on August 2 (BHo); several at the Two Rivers airfield, Nipissing on August 28 (BHo et al.); and one on September 7 at the Algonquin Logging Museum, Nipissing (JJD).

Hesperia leonardus LEONARD'S SKIPPER

In 2001 – With few records from northwestern Ontario, 4 collected at Lake of the Woods, Kenora on August 14 (MJO, WDB) are noteworthy. In 2003 – First noted on August 7 in the Twin Lakes area, Country Rd 46, Peterborough (JB). One at Rouge Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto on August 19 (BH) is worth mentioning since this species is considered rare in the Toronto area (B. Harrison, pers. comm.). Finally, the last was recorded on September 16 in Frontenac, exact location not provided (fide BEP). In 2004 – On August 8, one was recorded near the East Gate of Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (MVB, DR) – the first of the year. Three late September records including: a single female collected 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton on the 22nd (RAL); and a very worn individual at Rouge Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto on the 23rd followed by another on the 27th (LS).

43 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Hesperia sassacus INDIAN SKIPPER

In 2000 – With few records from northern Ontario, a single collected on July 1 along the Current River, Thunder Bay is noteworthy (MJO). In 2001 – As with the 2000 record, two collected in northern Ontario are noteworthy: one on June 11 along the Old Nairn Road near the railway bridge at Hwy. 17, Sudbury (MJO); and another on June 12 at the Little White River and Hwy. 546, Algoma (MJO). In 2003 – First noted on June 8 when two were seen east of Manion Corners, Ottawa-Carleton (TH) with the last report on July 6 when four were tallied during the Manion Corners butterfly count. In 2004 – On May 30, a single individual was reported from the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township, Peterborough (JB). The latest record this year also comes from Peterborough when, on June 25, one was seen along a forest access road off the Jack Lake Rd. (JB).

Polites peckius PECK'S SKIPPER

In 2003 – June 14 marks the date of the first record of the year, when two were seen on Crediton Parkway, Mississauga, Peel (CGR). A record late date for Algonquin P.P. was set when one was recorded on August 15 near the East Gate, Nipissing (JJD, BDS). The latest record was from the same location as the earliest, Crediton Parkway, Mississauga on September 25 (CGR). In 2004 – Crediton Parkway seems to be a hot spot for early and late records for this species for, yet again, the first record of the season was recorded there when, on June 8, three were seen (CGR). An incredibly late individual was reported from High Park, Metro Toronto on October 15 (BM, CSAM).

Polites themistocles TAWNY-EDGED SKIPPER

In 2003 – On June 8, the first of the year were noted when five were seen at Wylie Rd and Alvar Rd, on the Carden Plain, Victoria (RJY). The last record of the year was of a single on August 23 at MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa). In 2004 – Somewhat earlier than in 2003, the first were spotted on May 30, once again from the Carden Plain, this time on Black Bear Rd. (MH). Last recorded on July 31 when three were present at Dorcas Bay, Bruce (TRa, MRa, CBe).

Polites origenes CROSSLINE SKIPPER

In 2003 – The first report is of three tallied during the MacGregor Point butterfly count, Bruce on June 21. A record of a mating pair spotted near Elliot Lake, Algoma on June 27 is noteworthy (TRa, MRa, ABe, CBe). New for Algonquin P.P., a single was collected near Lake Louisa, Haliburton during the Algonquin Hwy 60 butterfly count on July 9 (CJR). Our last report is of a worn individual on August 7 from the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township, Peterborough (JB). In 2004 – A very early individual was noted at the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto on June 8 (RJY). Our next record did not come until June 27 when, during the Oshawa butterfly count, Durham seven were tallied. Our last records include a worn individual on August 24 along the rail trail northeast of Villiers, Peterborough (JB) and a fresh individual from the same location on September 11 (JB), a surprisingly late date for this species.

44 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Polites mystic LONG DASH SKIPPER

In 2003 – One during the Misery Bay butterfly count, Manitoulin on June 14 marks the first record of the year. Also during a butterfly count, Point Pelee N.P., Essex recorded the last record of the year when one was tallied on August 9. In 2004 – On June 10 this species was recorded at two locations: one at the Malborough Forest, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL); and, two on the Carden Plain at Black Bear Rd., Victoria (MH). Our final date of the year is July 29, when two were present along County Rd. 46, Belmont-Methuen, Peterborough (JB).

Wallengrenia egeremet NORTHERN BROKEN-DASH

In 2003 – First recorded on June 12 along the Rotary Trail, Peterborough, Peterborough (JB). The last record of the year comes from MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce where two were seen on August 23 (TRa, MRa). In 2004 – Fewer reports than in 2003, the extremes ranging from June 18 at the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto (RJY) to a partly worn individual on August 22 at Sylvan Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (BH).

Pompeius verna LITTLE GLASSYWING

In 2003 – In addition to those reported during NABA butterfly counts (see summary on page 25) there were a few other records to include: one on July 3 at the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto (RJY); one on July 18 at Burns C.A., Halton (WIM); and a single male on August 4 at the Springarden ANSI, Windsor, Essex (RJY). In 2004 – As in 2003, a few reports in addition to those reported during NABA butterfly counts. A total of four were in the Rouge Valley, Metro Toronto on July 3 (RJY). One recorded on July 6 at the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary off County Rd 19, Frontenac (BEP, PM) is especially noteworthy as is a specimen collected at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville on July 11 (ADW). Finally, a single worn individual was present at High Park, Metro Toronto on July 22 (RJY).

Atalopedes campestris SACHEM

In 2003 – A female was reported from the Leslie Street Spit, Metro Toronto on July 29 (BH) – a new species to the Toronto area (see note on page 17). In 2004 – no reports

Anatrytone logan DELAWARE SKIPPER

In 2003 – First noted on July 1 during the Toronto T.E.A. butterfly count, Metro Toronto. Fairly common now as far northeast as Ottawa-Carleton where it was recorded at several locations by several observers between July 10 (TH) and August 1 (RAL). One near Utica, Durham on August 16 is our latest record (JK). In 2004 – One during the Pinery P.P. butterfly count, Lambton on June 26 was the first of the season. A total of nine were counted at High Park, Metro Toronto on July 20, including a pair mating

45 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______and a female ovipositing on Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) (RJY). Last recorded on August 9 along a forest access road off the Jack Lake Rd., Peterborough (JB).

Mating Delaware Skippers at High Park, Metro Toronto on July 20, 2004 (Bob Yukich)

Poanes massasoit MULBERRY WING

In 2003 – Our first and last records come from Peterborough: two were counted on July 5 at the Galway-Cavendish Forest Access Rd. (JB) and four were seen along the Jack Lake Rd. on July 27 (JB, RP). In 2004 – As in 2003, our first and last records come from Peterborough where this species is not uncommon in appropriate habitat (wet areas with patches of narrow-leaved sedges such as Carex stricta and C. aquatilis). On July 9, six were found along the Jack Lake Rd. (JB) where, exactly a month later (August 9), a single was found (JB).

Poanes hobomok HOBOMOK SKIPPER

In 2003 – First recorded on July 28 at Constance Bay, Ottawa-Carleton (TH). On June 12 a total of 52 were counted along the Rotary Trail near Trent University, Peterborough and an estimated 1 in 10 were Pocohontas females (JB). Last reported on July 29 from Rouge Park, Metro Toronto (LS). In 2004 – On May 20 a single individual at the Visitor Centre in Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds- Grenville (JJD, MVB) was the first of the year. The last report of the year was a Pocohontas female at the Algonquin Visitor Centre, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on July 21 (CPR).

46 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Poanes viator BROAD-WINGED SKIPPER

In 2003 – The first record of the year was of 16 during the Manion Corners butterfly count, Ottawa-Carleton on July 6. On August 15 in Belmont-Methuen, Peterborough, 10 along County Rd 46 and another nine on the Sandy Lake Rd. (JB) were the last reports of the year but given the numbers, this species was probably flying at least a week beyond this date. In 2004 – During the Sunderland butterfly count, Durham, 16 were tallied, representing the first reports of the season. On August 12, this species was present in the Kasshabog Lake area (a single) as well as along the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township (two), both locations in Peterborough (JB).

Euphyes dion DION SKIPPER

In 2003 – First noted on July 6 when three were counted during the Sunderland butterfly count, Durham. Our latest record of the year on August 9 when four were noted during the Point Pelee butterfly count, Essex. In 2004 – As in 2003, the first record of the season (a single) was during the Sunderland butterfly count on July 4 and the last (a total of nine individuals) was during the Point Pelee count.

Euphyes dukesi DUKES' SKIPPER

In 1999 – One was recorded in a patch of Carex hyalinolepis near the Canard River at the Canard Valley C.A., Essex on July 29 (MJO). In 2003 – A total of 23 during the Point Pelee P.P. butterfly count, Essex represent our only reports of the year. In 2004 – Our only records of the year are of two (one photographed) at Wheatley P.P., Essex on July 20 (PSB) and a total of two during the Point Pelee butterfly count, Essex on August 7.

Euphyes conspicua BLACK DASH

In 2003 – A sight record from the Eels Creek picnic area on Highway 28, Peterborough (MNP) is well outside the known range of this species and the area is worth a second look in case a local colony exists there. One recorded during the Long Point butterfly count, Norfolk on July 5 represents the only other report of the year. In 2004 – Three records this year: a single individual was reported during the Pinery P.P. butterfly count on June 26; on July 16 a very fresh individual was seen in High Park, Toronto (RJY), representing the first record for Metro Toronto; finally, a fresh individual was present at the Branchton Prairie, Waterloo on July 18 (RJY).

Euphyes bimacula TWO-SPOTTED SKIPPER

In 2003 – On June 21 one was seen at the Eel’s Creek picnic area on Highway 28, Peterborough (MNP) – the first report of the year. Our final records of the year are of four tallied during the Petroglyphs butterfly count, Peterborough which was held on July 19. In 2004 – First noted on June 18 along the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township, Peterborough where three were present (JB). The last record was a little over a month later when a single was seen on July 21 at the Algonquin Visitor Centre, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (CPR) – a record late date for Algonquin Park.

47 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Two-spotted Skipper at Norway Lake Rd., Lennox and Addington on June 30, 2003 (Bob Yukich)

Euphyes vestris metacomet DUN SKIPPER

In 2003 – The first record is of two on June 22 during the Muskoka butterfly count, Muskoka. An almost unbelievable 4242 were tallied during the Petroglyphs Butterfly count, Peterborough on July 19! There were several records in September as follows: one on September 2, 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL); five at the Robertson Tract, Campbellville, Halton on September 8; a record from Frontenac on September 9 (fide BEP); and finally one south of Port Elgin on September 20 (TRa, MRa), quite late for this species that is normally finished flying by mid-August. In 2004 – First noted on June 27 when two were seen during the Oshawa butterfly count, Durham. The last record of the year was of a single 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton on September 4 (RAL).

Atrytonopsis hianna DUSTED SKIPPER

In 2003 – A total of five were tallied during the Pinery P.P. butterfly count, Lambton on June 28. In addition to these, there were two other records this year, both from known sites in Lambton: a total of 5 males and 2 females were reported from three sites in Pinery P.P. on June 30 (IC) and five were found at Ipperwash Beach on July 2 (TH). In 2004 – Apart from two during the Pinery P.P. butterfly count on June 26, no other reports were received.

48 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Amblyscirtes hegon PEPPER AND SALT SKIPPER

In 2003 – Three records this year from Algonquin P.P., Nipissing as follows: one on June 5 at km 20, Hwy 60 (CPR); a single photographed along the Cedar Rapids portage, Petawawa River on June 18 (CDJ, TRS); and one on June 24 at Basin Depot (APP). The only other record of the year is of one along the Dewberry Trail, Dolmain Ridge Rd., Ottawa-Carleton on June 18 (TH). In 2004 – With the exception of one along a forest access road off the Jack Lake Rd., Peterborough on June 11 (JB), all of the other records (five in total) come from Algonquin P.P. between June 5, when one was counted during the Algonquin East butterfly count, and July 2 when one was present at Found Lake (BHo).

Amblyscirtes vialis COMMON ROADSIDE SKIPPER

In 2003 – First recorded on May 29 when one was present at Misery Bay P.P., Manitoulin (MH). One recorded during the Algonqun Hwy 60 butterfly count on July 9 was rather late for this species as were the six recorded during the Killarney P.P. butterfly count on July 13. In 2004 – On May 17, the first individual of the year was reported from Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (JJD, MVB). The last of the year was a rather late record of a single along the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township, Peterborough (RP, JS) seen during the Petroglyphs butterfly count on July 17.

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Family PAPILIONIDAE

Battus philenor PIPEVINE SWALLOWTAIL

In 2003 – Apart from those reported during the NABA butterfly counts (see summary on page 25) there were no other records submitted. In 2004 – No records.

Eurytides marcellus ZEBRA SWALLOWTAIL

In 2003 – Only one record – A single individual was reported from Point Pelee N.P, Essex on June 28 (CSAM, BM). In 2004 – No records.

Papilio polyxenes asterias BLACK SWALLOWTAIL

In 2003 – First noted on May 14 west of Orwell, Elgin (AV). The last record of the year was on September 18 when a fresh male was seen at Lambton Woods, Metro Toronto (RJY). In 2004 – May 12 was the first record of the year when two were seen in the Blue Mountain area of Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (JJD, CPR). Last noted on August 23 at Hwy 21 and Concession 4, Bruce Township, Bruce (TRa).

49 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Papilio machaon OLD WORLD SWALLOWTAIL

In 2003 – no reports In 2004 – A fresh individual was collected at Geraldton, Thunder Bay on June 22 (DG), our only record of the year.

Papilio cresphontes GIANT SWALLOWTAIL

In 2003 – The first report received is rather late for this species: 10 were tallied during the Pinery P.P. butterfly count on June 28. Several notable records this year of this species, normally restricted to southwestern Ontario, to include: a male seen on August 10 on Lake Range Rd., Port Elgin, Bruce (TRa, MRa, PMa, BMa, DK) followed by a female at the same location on August 12 that mated with presumably the same male, before laying eggs on a Gas Plant (Dictamnus fraxinella), with the eggs subsequently hatching (TRa, MRa, GR). The adults were seen until August 14 (TRa, MRa); there were several records from Metro Toronto including one on Quebec Ave. on August 15, 16 and 20 (CSAM, BM) and one at High Park on August 28, nectaring on Cup-plant (Silphium perfoliatum), the first known record for High Park (RJY). In Peel a single swallowtail that was likely this species was briefly seen flying by on Crediton Parkway on August 16 (CGR); also on August 16, a single was observed at the lighthouse in Presqu’ile P.P., Northumberland (IS, MD, JEm). The last record of an adult was of two at the Stone Rd. Alvar, Pelee Island, Essex on September 12 (JK) but five larvae were found on October 2 just east of Sparta, Elgin (AV). In 2004 – Far fewer records than in 2003. The first was on May 16 from Point Pelee N.P., Essex (SLa, CK). Two noteworthy records this year as follows: one southeast of Burritts Rapids, Leeds- Grenville on July 23 (JTr) and another in Port Elgin, Bruce on August 25 (TRa, MRa), the last report of the year.

Giant Swallowtail at the West Beach, Point Pelee N.P., Essex on June 12, 2004 (Bob Yukich)

50 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Papilio glaucus/canadensis TIGER SWALLOWTAIL SP.

Separating the following two taxa in the field is very challenging. In general, any tiger swallowtail from the southern edge of the Canadian Shield northward is probably a Canadian Tiger Swallowtail. Any tiger swallowtail within the Carolinian zone (southwestern Ontario) will almost certainly be an Eastern Tiger Swallowtail. In the transition zone, however, including the Bruce Peninsula and possibly Manitoulin Island, a tiger swallowtail encountered could be either taxon. Although some field guides provide field marks to distinguish the two taxa, these field marks are variable. This, combined with the fact that within the transition zone, hybridization apparently occurs, makes separating them in the field extremely challenging and problematic. The exception to this is that only Eastern Tiger Swallowtails are double- brooded, and so a tiger swallowtail encountered during the timing of the second brood (usually mid-July through August) should be an Eastern.

Papilio glaucus EASTERN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL

In 2003 – The first individuals were noted on May 14 at Point Pelee N.P., Essex (JB, TH). Second brood individuals were recorded from a few areas where this species has not been recorded often in the past to include: several individuals in southern Bruce between July 25 and August 18 (TRa, MRa); from Frontenac, one at the Little Cataraqui C.A. on July 25 and two there on August 10 (CPR), as well as one in Glenburnie on August 15 and 19 (CPR), and the last noted in Frontenac on August 25 (fide BEP); in Leeds-Grenville individuals were recorded at Charleston Lake P.P. from July 25 to August 12 (m.obs.) and many were present along the Opinicon Rd. on July 25 (DP); finally, in Peterborough second brood individuals were noted from July 19 (DBa) to August 15 (JB). The August 25 date above marks the last report of the year. In 2004 – Rather late for this species, the first report received was not until June 9 when three individuals, assumed to be this species, were seen at Luther Marsh, Dufferin (TRa, MRa). Several were seen at Stittsville, Ottawa-Carleton on July 3 (JTr). Other noteworthy second brood records include: 5+ at Echo Lake, Frontenac on July 11 (BVR); one on the Saugeen River northeast of Durham, Grey on July 17 (PSB, JBa); in Leeds-Grenville individuals at Charleston Lake P.P. on July 20, 21, 28 and August 2 (m.obs.) as well as singles 7km W of Oxford Mills on July 21 and 29 (RAL); other Ottawa- Carleton records include one 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour on July 22 and another at Cody Creek on July 24 (RAL); and, in Peterborough four individuals were reported from different locations between July 19 and August 2 (JB). Described at having a scarce partial second brood in Metro Toronto (R. Yukich, pers. comm.), the final report of the year was of a single at High Park, on August 22 (RJY).

Papilio canadensis CANADIAN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL

In 2003 – First noted on May 20 in the Twin Lakes area, Peterborough (JB). The last individuals recorded in the zone where Eastern Tiger Swallowtails are not known to occur (and thus confusion with this species is not likely) were of 10 tallied during the Algonquin butterfly count on July 9, providing a good indication of the general timing of the end of this species at that latitude. Records of Canadian Tiger Swallowtails from the transition zone continued, however, until late July but considering the difficulty in distinguishing this species from Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, combined with the end of the season further north (where they presumably fly a little longer) being around July 9, it seems likely that many, if not all, of these records represent misidentified Eastern Tiger Swallowtails. In 2004 – The first record this year is from May 14 at the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary, along County Rd 19, Frontenac (BEP). This species was noted to be flying later than normal this year with the last individual in Algonquin P.P. being recorded on July 19 at the Two Rivers airfield, Nipissing (MVB,

51 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

DT), a record late date for this species in Algonquin. Again, a few records were submitted beyond this date from the transition zone which are difficult to evaluate due to the confusion stated above.

Papilio troilus SPICEBUSH SWALLOWTAIL

In 2003 – On May 18 one at the Yarmouth Natural Heritage Area, Elgin (IC) represents the first report of the year of this Carolinian species. One reported from Quebec Ave. in downtown Metro Toronto on August 10 is noteworthy (CSAM, BM). The last report of the year is from Marcy’s Woods, Point Abino, Niagara on September 24 (quite late for this species) when three were seen (JK). In 2004 – Few reports received this year. The first received was on June 11 when 11 were noted at Point Pelee N.P., Essex (RJY) and the last was on August 12 when three were present at Marcy’s Woods, Point Abino, Niagara (JK).

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Family PIERIDAE

Pieris oleracea MUSTARD WHITE

In 2003 – First noted on May 4 when three were found at Halton Hills, Halton (CSAM, BM). One collected at Fort Severn, Hudson Bay, Kenora (SB, MBr) is noteworthy. Our last record is of three, 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton on September 6 (RAL). In 2004 – On April 30 a single was seen 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL) and two were present in the Carden Plain, Victoria (BH, JF) marking the first records of the year. One present at the Algonquin Visitor Centre, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (BHo) represents a record late date for Algonquin by two days. Last recorded on September 12 at Port Elgin, Bruce when one was seen (TRa, MRa).

Pieris virginiensis WEST VIRGINIA WHITE

In 2001 – Three collected near the Chippewawa River, Algoma on June 13 (MJO) are noteworthy. In 2003 – Several records this year all from known locations. On May 4 recorded at Otter Lake, Frontenac (ARo) as well as at Halton Hills, Halton, where seven were seen (CSAM, BM). Also recorded from the Halton Regional Forest, Halton on May 9 (RJY, TH) and from two locations in Peterborough on May 22: two on the Galway-Cavendish Forest Access Rd. and a single along Tie’s Mountain Rd., NE of Nogie’s Creek (JB). In 2004 – Three records from known sites this year as follows: May 14 at the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary, along County Rd. 19, Frontenac (BEP); and May 21 in Peterborough where a total of six and four were recorded from the Galway-Cavendish Forest Access Rd. and the Tie’s Mountain Rd., respectively (JB).

Pieris rapae CABBAGE WHITE

In 2003 – First reported on April 24 from three locations: one at Acton, Halton (WIM), another at Huttonville, Peel (WIM), and a third on Hepbourne Ave., Metro Toronto (JPC). On August 11, one was being eaten by the rare dragonfly, the Flag-tailed Spinyleg (Dromogomphus spoliatus) at the Shetland

52 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

C.A. along the Sydenham River, Lambton (CDJ, DAS). On October 31, inviduals were seen at both High Park and Humber Bay Shores, Metro Toronto (RJY). In 2004 – On April 1, the first of the year was noted on Quebec Ave. in downtown Metro Toronto (CSAM). The last record was of a very late individual at Tommy Thompson Park, Metro Toronto on November 6 (CSAM).

Euchloe olympia OLYMPIA MARBLE

In 2003 – First recorded on May 20 from several locations in Peterborough when a total of 51 were counted (JB), indicating that they had probably begun flying at least a few days earlier. Rare in Algonquin P.P. (Jones 2003), a single individual found along the Black Fox portage, Nipissing on May 25 (JJD) followed by another on the Centennial Ridge Trail, Nipissing on May 26 (JJD, AR) represent significant records. Finally, one was noted on June 4 on the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township, Peterborough (JB). In 2004 – A total of nine were counted at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville on May 9 (JJD, CPR), representing the first of the year. Once again, this species was recorded in Algonquin P.P. when a single individual was spotted at the Two Rivers airfield, Nipissing on May 27 (JJD, CB). Our last record of adults is from May 30 when a total of 10 were seen at several locations in Methuen Township, Peterborough (JB). Also see Ross Layberry’s notes on larvae and rearing on page 19.

Colias philodice CLOUDED SULPHUR

In 2003 –The first report is from May 14 when one was seen at Petroglyphs P.P., Peterborough (DBr). Overall, numbers appeared to be lower than normal this year. Last noted on October 31 when four were present at Humber Bay Shores, Metro Toronto (RJY) and another six were noted elsewhere in Metro Toronto (BH). In 2004 – The first record of the year is from Prince Edward Point, Prince Edward on May 4 (BEP). Three November records to include: a single along the Tubbs Trail, Prince Edward on the 7th (DBr); and from Metro Toronto a total of 11 on the 7th (BH) and one on the 14th (LS).

Colias eurytheme ORANGE SULPHUR

In 2003 – Normally, this species begins flying in May but surprisingly, the first report received was not until June 7 when one was noted between Port Elgin and Inverhuron P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa). Even more surprisingly, the next report was not until June 30 when the first Metro Toronto area record was received (BH) and a single was seen near the Eels Creek picnic area on Highway 28, Peterborough (MNP). Overall, this species was reported to be quite scarce in 2003. Two November records: one at the Aylmer Sewage Lagoons, Middlesex on November 15 (AWh, PAR, JI); and another at Kingsmill Park, Metro Toronto on November 21 (RJY). In 2004 – First noted on May 4 at Hanlan’s Point, Toronto Islands, Metro Toronto (RJY). One south of MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce appeared to be attempting to mate with a Clouded Sulphur (TRa, MRa, CBe). Our last report of the year is from the Leslie Street Spit, Metro Toronto on November 22 when one fresh individual and another worn one were seen (AG).

Colias gigantea GIANT SULPHUR

In 2000 – Three individuals were collected in the Hudson Bay Lowland, Kenora as follows: one at the Winisk Airport on August 27 (MJO, DAS); another along the Brant River, approximately 20km SW

53 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______of its mouth at Hudson Bay, also on August 27 (MJO, DAS); and one at Peawanuck on August 30 (MJO, DAS). In 2001 – Two collected from the Hudson Bay Lowland this year: one on July 4 approximately 28km S of Little Cape (MJO, DAS) and another on July 7 at Radar Site 415 (MJO, DAS) both locations within Polar Bear P.P. In 2003 – Four individuals were collected in the Peawanuk area, Kenora on July 8 and another two were collected there on July 11 (MJO). Also in northern Kenora, on July 13, one was collected along the Winisk River and another was collected approximately 3km E of the Shamattawa River (MJO). In 2004 – no reports

Colias pelidne PELIDNE SULPHUR

In 2000 – Two were collected along the Brant River, approximately 20km SW of its mouth at Hudson Bay, Kenora on September 1 (MJO). In 2001 – In remote inland areas of Polar Bear P.P., Kenora several collections were made as follows: one on July 5; four on July 6 from two separate areas; one on July 7 from Radar Site 415; and one on July 8 from Radar Site 418 (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – no reports In 2004 – no reports

Colias interior PINK-EDGED SULPHUR

In 2003 – Apart from those recorded during the NABA butterfly counts (see summary on page 25) there were the following records: First recorded on June 25 from the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township, Peterborough when one was noted (JB). This species was also recorded there on July 4 (1), 19 (11), 23 (3), 26 (1) and 30 (1). A total of 10 were present at Hanlan’s Marsh, 6km E of Merrickville, Leeds-Grenville on June 28 (TH). Along Rocky Trail, Manitoulin on July 18 a single was seen (MH) and one was caught and observed on July 28 along the Opinicon Rd., Frontenac (BEP). Finally, four individuals were present on August 5 at the Two Rivers airfield, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (MVB, AH). In 2004 – On May 27, one was collected and two others were seen 3km ESE of Manion Corners, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL). Two records from the Two Rivers airfield in Algonquin P.P. to include three on June 25 (JJD, MVB, MW) and two on August 28 (BHo et al.). The only other records, apart from those seen during NABA butterfly counts are from Peterborough, largely from Methuen Township, between June 30 and September 5 (JB).

Colias palaeno PALAENO SULPHUR

In 2001 – Four were collected from two remote inland locations within Polar Bear P.P., Kenora on July 6 (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – Several collections from the Hudson Bay Lowland in northern Kenora to include: one on July 8 at Peawanuk (MJO); 2 females and 2 males at Fort Severn on July 8 and another female on July 9 (SB, MBr); one from Radar Site 427, Polar Bear P.P. on July 9 (MJO); two from two separate areas on the northwestern portion of Polar Bear P.P. on July 12 (MJO); one from the Winisk River on July 13 (MJO); and finally, one from the Sutton Ridges on July 13 (MJO). In 2004 – no reports

54 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Pyrisitia lisa LITTLE SULPHUR

In 2003 – Three reports this year as follows: one on May 14 at Point Pelee N.P., Essex (JC, TH et al.); one on July 3 at the Springarden ANSI, Windsor, Essex (TH); one on July 6 during the Skunk’s Misery butterfly count; and a pale female on the West Beach, Point Pelee N.P. on August 8 (RJY). In 2004 – A single record: one was seen 3km E of New Dundee, Waterloo on August 28 (QFH).

------

Family LYCAENIDAE

Feniseca tarquinius THE HARVESTER

In 2003 – One at the Larose Forest, 5km NE of Limoges, Prescott-Russell on June 3 marks the first report of the year (TH). A single was seen at Mud Pond, March Township, Ottawa-Carleton on June 17 (RAL). Two individuals were recorded in the Don Valley during the Toronto T.E.A., Metro Toronto butterfly count on July 1 (BH). One was present along the Credit River at Old Derry Road, Peel on July 15 (CDJ). Finally, one was collected along Station Hill Rd., Renfrew on July 29 (RAL). Also see Ross Layberry’s article on rearing lycaenids on page 10. In 2004 – A total of seven reports of adults this year: one in the Don Valley, Metro Toronto on May 16 (LS) followed by two there on the 17th mark the first reports of the year and the earliest records for the Toronto region (B. Harrison pers. comm.); one at the gatehouse of Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds- Grenville on May 19 (JJD); one in the Methuen Lake area, Peterborough on May 27 (JB); a total of five during the Algonquin East Side butterfly count, Nipissing on June 1; one during the Toronto T.E.A. butterfly count on July 5; and, two collected at Williams Bog, Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay on July 31 (JW). On September 14, several larvae were found in the Don Valley, Metro Toronto and on November 22, several pupae in wooly covering were present there (BH, fide QFH).

Lycaena phlaeas americana AMERICAN COPPER

In 2001 – With relatively few records from the north, one collected under a hydro corridor in the vicinity of the Spanish River near Nairn, Sudbury (MJO) is worth noting. In 2003 – Our first record is from the St. Williams Forest Station, Norfolk on June 1 when a total of 19 were seen (RJY). Among eight near Sebright, Victoria on June 22, was one pale, bluish-white individual lacking pigment (RJY). The last record of the year was one on September 28 near Utica, Durham (JK). In 2004 – On May 21, a total of three were seen at the main gate of Sandbanks P.P., Prince Edward (JD), the first of the season. The last report received is of one along the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township, Peterborough on September 10 (JB).

55 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Lycaena hyllus BRONZE COPPER

In 2003 – First recorded on June 17 near Mud Pond, March Township, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL). One recorded during the Algonquin Highway 60 butterfly count from the waste station along Highway 60, Nipissing on July 9 (DBa) was only the second record for Algonquin P.P. Our last record of the year is of one 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton on September 21 (RAL). In 2004 – One first instar larva was found on Curled Dock (Rumex crispus) 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour on May 5 (RAL). At the same location on June 14, seven first and second instar larvae were found, on June 28 a total of 12 larvae were present, and on June 8 one fifth instar larva was present. The first adult of the season comes from the railtrail west of Ackinson Rd., Peterborough on June 17 (JB). On September 18 a total of four were seen at McLaughlin Bay, Lake Ontario, Durham (SLa, CK), the last report of the season. Also see Ross Layberry’s article on rearing lycaenids on page 10.

Lycaena epixanthe BOG COPPER

In 2000 – A specimen collected on August 28 from the area around the Peawanuk airport, in the Hudson Bay Lowland, Kenora (MJO, DAS) is noteworthy. In 2001 – Several were found and one collected from a heath bog 2.5km SE of Henderson, Frontenac on June 27 (MJO, CDJ, KEB). In 2003 – On July 9, during the Algonquin Highway 60 butterfly count, a total of 54 were tallied. Also on that date, one was seen at Hanlan’s Marsh, 6km E of Merrickville, Leeds-Grenville (TH). There were several other reports from known colonies this year. Last noted on August 2 when one was seen along the Spruce Bog Boardwalk, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (JKl, DR). In 2004 – Our first record of the year is of three seen on July 3 during the Lake Dore butterfly count, Renfrew. As in 2003, several other records from known colonies this year. The last record is of 20 at Hang Dog Reef, Nare’s Inlet, Parry Sound on August 4 (JK).

Lycaena dorcas DORCAS COPPER

In 2000 – One collected at Cranberry Lake, 3km west of Gameland, Rainy River on July 4 (MJO, WDB, DE, JVB). In the Hudson Bay Lowland, Kenora on August 27, three were collected at the Winisk Airport and another two were collected along the Brant River, approximately 20km from its mouth at Hudson Bay (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – Near the Swan River, approximately 15km southwest of Patchepawapoka Lake, Kenora one was collected on July 14 (MJO). From Manitoulin Island, two reports this year: one on Rocky Trail on July 19 (MH) and a total of 15 between Carter Bay and Michael’s Bay on August 20 (RJY). The only other records this year all come from Bruce: on August 9 two were seen at the picnic area at the end of Concession 4, Port Elgin (TRa, MRa); on August 19, a total of six were seen at Inverhuron P.P. (TRa, MRa, AM, GR); two were located at Petrel Point on August 30 (TRa, MRa); and, from the new park south of MacGregor Point P.P., records of two, eight and three on July 25, August 17 and 31, respectively (TRa, MRa). In 2004 – First noted on July 23 when two were present in the vicinity of the Visitor Centre, MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa). Two were collected at Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay on July 31 (JW). A total of 20 were recorded at Misery Bay P.P., Manitoulin on August 20 (MH). Reported from most of the same sites in Bruce as in 2003 with the addition of Dorcas Bay, where eight were seen on July 31 (TRa, MRa, CBe) and one was present on September 15 (TRa, MRa), the last of the season.

56 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Lycaena helloides PURPLISH COPPER

In 1999 – One was recorded at Manitou Mounds, Rainy River on June 12 (MJO, WDB). In 2003 – no reports In 2004 – no reports

Satyrium acadica ACADIAN HAIRSTREAK

In 2003 – First recorded on July 1 when one was seen along Harnett Rd., 5km W of Becketts Landing, Ottawa-Carleton (TH). The last record of the year is from Cape Chin, Bruce when one was noted on August 23 (CGR). In 2004 – On June 30 a total of five were seen at the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto (RJY), the first of the year. Considered rare in Algonquin P.P. (Jones 2003), individuals from the Whitefish millsite, Haliburton on July 17 (MVB, DT, CPR) and from the Algonquin Visitor Centre, Nipissing on July 17, 19, 20 and 21 (m.obs.) are noteworthy. On August 10, a female was observed ovipositing on a small willow (Salix sp.) in Rouge Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (BH). Last noted when one was seen on August 16 at Algonquin Island, Metro Toronto (RJY).

Acadian Hairstreak at the Arkona Gorge, Ausable River, Lambton Co. on July 21, 2003 (Colin Jones)

Satyrium titus CORAL HAIRSTREAK

In 2003 – Our first records of the year were on June 29 when singles were seen at the Menzel Centennial Provincial Nature Reserve, Lennox and Addington (RJY) and during the Oshawa butterfly count, Durham. Our final record of the year is from Frontenac, exact location not provided, on August 18 (fide BEP).

57 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

In 2004 – Somewhat early for this species, two at Blue Mountain, Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds- Grenville on June 17 (CPR) are the first of the year. One attracted to a UV light in Petroglyphs P.P., Peterborough on July 6 (DBr) is an interesting record. Considered rare in Algonquin P.P. (Jones 2003), four found on July 27 along the hydrocut in the southern panhandle of the Park, Haliburton (JJD, MVB), are noteworthy. Last recorded on August 22 when one was present along the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Township, Peterborough (JB).

Satyrium edwardsii EDWARD’S HAIRSTREAK

In 2003 – In addition to the five recorded during the Toronto Centre butterfly count on July 12, reported from five other sites this year: one 2km E of Vernonville, Northumberland on July 4 (JK); from the Lambton Prairie, Metro Toronto on July 9 (3 fresh), 14 (8) and 28 (1 worn) (RJY); nine along the Sandy Lake Road, Methuen Township, Peterborough during the Petroglyphs butterfly count on July 19 (JB, TB, MJM); one along the Opinicon Road, Frontenac on July 28 (BEP); and finally, two at the Springarden ANSI, Windsor, Essex on August 4 (RJY). In 2004 – In addition to those those recorded during butterfly counts (see article on page 25), there were an additional three reports: ten fresh individuals were present at the Lambton Prairie, Metro Toronto on June 30 and a total of 24 were recorded there on July 7 (RJY); along the Sandy Lake Road, Methuen Township, Peterborough, two were found on July 21 (JB).

Satyrium calanus falcer BANDED HAIRSTREAK

In 2003 – First recorded on June 24 when one was seen at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL). Last noted on August 12 in Frontenac (fide BEP). In 2004 – As in 2003, the first record is from June 24, this time from Lambton Prairie, Metro Toronto when a total of seven were seen (RJY). It was noted to be a good year for this species at High Park, Metro Toronto (R.J. Yukich, pers. comm.) – a total of 54 were counted there on July 6, for example (RJY). One at the Algonquin Visitor Centre, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on August 8 (HK) was a record late date for Algonquin. The last record of the year was a day later (August 9) when one was present 3km ESE of Manion Corners, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL).

Satyrium caryaevorus HICKORY HAIRSTREAK

In 2003 – In addition to those reported during the NABA butterfly counts (see article on page 25), there were four records received this year: one on July 9 at Hanlan’s Marsh, 6km E of Merrickville, Leeds-Grenville (TH); a record from the Opinicon Road, Frontenac on July 22 (BEP); another record on July 28 from Frontenac (fide BEP); and finally, an incredible 97 were counted at Ottawa, Ottawa- Carleton on July 30 (DP). In 2004 – Five records this year, in addition to those reported during the NABA butterfly counts: the first was a fresh individual at Bronte Creek P.P., Halton on June 27 (RJY); as in 2003, reported from the Opinicon Road, Frontenac, this year on July 6 (BEP); one was collected at the Malborough Forest, Ottawa-Carleton on July 21 (RAL); another was collected 3km ESE of Manion Corners, Ottawa- Carleton on July 24 (RAL); finally, a worn individual was photographed at Lake Medad, Halton on August 17 (BVR).

58 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Satyrium liparops STRIPED HAIRSTREAK

In 2003 – Our first report was of one on July 6 during the Sunderland butterfly count, Durham. Last noted on August 9 when a total of 3 were seen at MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa). In 2004 – Some interesting observations of Striped Hairstreak larvae are reported in Ross Layberry’s article on page 19. The first adults reported were on June 17 when they were found to be common atop Blue Mountain, Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (CPR). One collected at Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay on August 1 (JW) is worth noting given the lack of reports from that area. The last record of the year is a worn and faded individual from the old railroad northeast of Villiers, Peterborough on August 24 (JB).

Callophrys gryneus JUNIPER HAIRSTREAK

In 2003 – Six records this year beginning with one at Massasauga Point Conservation Area, Prince Edward on May 10 (RP). Present on May 19 at “Owl Woods”, Amherst Island, Frontenac as well as on June 23 at another site (exact location not provided) in Frontenac (BEP). The only report received from Point Pelee N.P., Essex was of one on June 28 (CSAM, BM). In Lennox and Addington a total of eight were counted at the Menzel Centennial Nature Preserve on June 29 and, on July 1, another eight were found at Varty Lake (RJY). In 2004 – On June 7 one was photographed at the Beaver Meadow C.A., Prince Edward (DBr). One was present on June 11 along the Rideau Trail 1km west of Elginburg, Frontenac (BEP). Two reports received this year from Point Pelee N.P.: one was seen on August 7 (CSAM, BM) and a total of five were noted at the Visitor Centre and along the west beach to the tip (RJY).

Callophrys augustinus BROWN ELFIN

In 2000 – Two were collected at Obatanga P.P., Algoma on June 22 (MJO). In 2003 – Our first record of the year was on May 8 when eight were seen 1km SW of MacTier, Parry Sound (JK). Last recorded on June 15 when one was present at the Two Rivers airfield, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (JJD, TL, EC). In 2004 – On May 12, three were found in the Twin Lakes area, Peterborough (BH, JSp), the first report of the year. The last record of the year comes from the extreme northwestern portion of the province where, on July 1, one was collected just E of of the Black Duck River, Kenora (CDJ, PSB).

Callophrys polios HOARY ELFIN

In 2003 – One was present at the old Whitefish Millsite, Algonquin P.P., Haliburton on May 4 (BDS, JJD) representing the first of the year. Our last record of the year is from the Burnt Lands, Lanark on June 8 when two were seen (TH). In 2004 - The first report is from the Carden Plain, Victoria on April 30 (BH, JF). The last report is of a single individual along the Spruce Bog Boardwalk, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on June 14 (CSAM, BM), a record late date for Algonquin by six days (Jones 2003). Also see Ross Layberry’s notes on rearing larvae in his article on page 19.

Callophrys henrici HENRY’S ELFIN

In 2003 – no reports

59 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

In 2004 – Singles were seen on May 10 and 12 at the gatehouse of Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds- Grenville (JJD). Only known from two previous records in Algonquin P.P., a single on May 30 at the Two Rivers airfield (where several were recorded in 2002), Nipissing (JJD) is noteworthy. Our only other record this year is of one along Devil’s 4-mile Rd., E of Oak Lake, Peterborough on May 30 (JB).

Callophyrs lanoraieensis BOG ELFIN

In 2003 – Our only record is of four at the Alfred Bog, Prescott-Russell on June 3 (TH). In 2004 – no reports

Callophrys niphon clarki EASTERN PINE ELFIN

In 2003 – First noted on May 8, 1km SW of MacTier, Parry Sound (JK). On June 23, one was present at the Morris Island C.A., Ottawa-Carleton (TH) representing the last record of the year. In 2004 – An apparently good year for this species as reported by several observers. Our first record is of a single at the Algonquin Visitor Centre, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on May 8 (TRS). Illustrating how good a year it was for this species, the Algonquin East Side butterfly count on June 5, tallied an incredible 525 individuals, representing an all-time North American high count for this species (Swengel and Swengel 2005). Our final report is of one collected at Geraldton, Thunder Bay on June 22 (DG). Also see Ross Layberry’s notes on larval behaviour and rearing on page 19.

Callophrys eryphon WESTERN PINE ELFIN

In 2003 – As usual, the only records this year come from Algonquin P.P. Surprisingly, however, the first was not until June 6 when one was recorded at Found Lake, Nipissing (CPR). The last was on June 8 from the Two Rivers airfield, Nipissing (JJD). In 2004 – Again, the only records come from Algonquin P.P., the first being three in the Rock Lake area, Haliburton on May 16 (CB) and the last being a single at the Barren River, Nipissing on June 17 (APP).

Strymon melinus GREY HAIRSTREAK

In 2003 – The first record of the year is of one on June 8 at the Algonquin Visitor Centre, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (BDS). Other records from Algonquin P.P. include one at the Bonnechere River and hydrocut, Nipissing on June 17 (CB et al.) and a very fresh individual at the Annie Bay millsite, Nipissing on July 25 (JJD, CPR, CB). Elsewhere, one was present during the Rondeau P.P. butterfly count, Kent on July 13, one was present along West Kosh Rd., in the vicinity of Kasshabog Lake on July 17 (JB, MJM), two were tallied during the Petroglyphs butterfly count, Peterborough on July 19, and one was seen at the Helen Quilliam Sancturary, on County Rd. 19, Frontenac on July 21 (BEP, ARo, BRo). Finally, our last record of the year came from the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Twp., Peterborough on July 26 (JB, RP). In 2004 – One was collected at the Constance Bay Sandhills, Ottawa-Carleton on May 27 (RAL), the first record of the season. A total of four were seen on June 5 during the Algonquin East butterfly count, Nipissing. On June 12, one was present in the Methuen Lake area, Peterborough (JB). A single individual was seen during the MacGregor Point butterfly count, Bruce on July 10. Our last report of the season is of one on August 7 during the Point Pelee butterfly count, Essex.

60 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Cupido comyntas EASTERN TAILED BLUE

In 2003 – Our first record is of three on May 22 at High Park, Metro Toronto (RJY). A record of at least one from the old millsite west of Whitefish Lake, Algonquin P.P., Haliburton (MVB et al.) is noteworthy as this species in rare in Algonquin (Jones 2003). Also noteworthy is an individual collected at Redgut Bay, Rainy Lake, Rainy River on September 12 (MJO, WDB). The last record is from October 13 when two were recorded at the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto (RJY). In 2004 – Fewer reports than normal this year. The first was a single male seen at the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto on May 12 (RJY). Again this year, a noteworthy record from Algonquin P.P., this time from the Trailer Sanitary Station along Hwy 60, Nipissing where a very fresh individual was seen on August 31 (JJD). Finally, the last report is of two males from the Eglinton Flats on September 30 (RJY).

Cupido amyntula albrighti WESTERN TAILED BLUE

In 2003 – Only a single record this year. One was collected on July 8 on the east side of the Winisk River, across from Peawanuk, in northern Kenora (MJO). In 2004 – Three fresh individuals were collected in and around Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay on June 20 and 21 (DG), the only reports of the season.

Summer Azure at High Park, Metro Toronto on July 16, 2004 (Bob Yukich)

61 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Celastrina ladon SPRING AZURE

In 2003 – A total of five individuals were noted on April 26 at Point Pelee N.P., Essex (JB), representing the first report of the season. Ovipositing was noted on New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americana) on June 29 in downtown Metro Toronto (MNP) and on the following day (June 30) the last of the season was reported from Acton, Halton (WIM). In 2004 – On April 24 our first of the year (2) were seen at Tommy Thompson Park, Metro Toronto (CSAM). Our last report of the year was on July 1 when one was seen at Dorcas Bay, Bruce (TRa, MRa). Also see Ross Layberry’s notes on larvae and rearing on page 19.

Celastrina neglecta SUMMER AZURE

In 2003 – First noted on June 15 from the West Elgin Nature Preserve, Elgin (IC). One collected at 11 PM at a mercury vapour lamp at Dovercourt Rd. and Hepbourne Ave., Metro Toronto (JPC) is an interesting record. Last noted when three were seen on September 24 at Marcy’s Woods, Point Abino, Niagara (JK). In 2004 – An early individual was photographed at Mountsberg Wildlife Area, Hamilton- Wentworth on June 5 (BVR). Also early for the Metro Toronto area (R.J. Yukich, pers. comm.) were two at High Park on June 7 (RJY). At the Joshua’s Creek Pop-up, Halton on June 18 it was noted that they seemed to be everywhere. The area was almost completely dogwood (Cornus sp.) thicket with some cultural meadow clearings. At least three females were seen ovipositing on the dogwood shrubs (BVR). At Rattry Marsh, Peel, a total of six adults and one last instar larva feeding on dogwood were seen during the T.E.A. outing there on August 28 (SLa, CK). The last record of the year was on September 26 when one was seen at the Leslie Street Spit, Metro Toronto (RJY). Also see Ross Layberry’s extensive notes on this species in his two excellent articles on pages 10 and 19.

Celastrina sp. CHERRY GALL AZURE

In 2003 – The majority of our records of this little known species come from Ross Layberry who has been studying it for several years (see his excellent articles on pages 10 and 19 for further details). 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, two adults were seen on May 30 and additional adults were collected there on June 8, 14 and 15. Larvae were found there from June 17 to 30. Nearby, at Constance Bay, adults were collected on June 2 and 15 (RAL). Elsewhere, larvae were found just north of Ashdad, Renfrew on June 30 (RAL) and adults were reported from the University of Toronto field station, Joker’s Hill, York on July 12 (WIM). In 2004 – An egg was found on the gall of a Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana) 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour on May 23 (RAL) indicating that the adults must have been flying by that date. Reported from several additional locations in Ottawa-Carleton in 2004, largely based on larval records, including: two sites in the Malborough Forest, both 1.6 km S of and 3km SSW of Fitzroy Harbour, 4km NNE of Ashton, 5km S of Antrim, the Morris Island C.A., and 2.8km SE of Stanley Corners (RAL). Also active in the study of the Cherry Gall Azure, Tony and Mary Rapati had several records (all of adults) this year to include: four probable Cherry Gall Azure adults from the Carden Plain, Victoria on July 17 (TRa, MRa, GR) and from Bruce: one at Baie du Dore on July 10 (TRa, GR); two south of Port Elgin on July 18 and several from MacGregor Point P.P. between June 26 and 29 and again on July 30, the last record of the season (TRa, MRa).

62 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi SILVERY BLUE

In 2003 – Our first record was on May 18 when this species was reported as common at the old millsite west of Whitefish Lake, Algonquin P.P., Haliburton (JJD, MD) indicating that it had probably already been flying for a while. On May 26 two fresh individuals were seen at High Park, Metro Toronto the first known breeding event there (R.J. Yukich pers. comm.). Two records from the undersurveyed Hudson Bay Lowlands, Kenora, coincidentally on the same day (July 8) by two separate observers: two were collected at Fort Severn (SB, MBr); and one was collected at the mouth of Ministik Creek, Hudson Bay, Polar Bear P.P. (MJO). An extremely late individual, probably from a second brood (which is unknown in this species, R.A. Layberry, pers. comm.), was collected on September 16 at Arrow Lake, Lake of the Woods, Kenora (MJO). In 2004 – Two were seen at High Park, Metro Toronto on May 13 (RJY) the first report of the year. One on June 11 at MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce is noteworthy (TRa, MRa) as was an individual photographed at the Lowville Escarpment Woods, Halton on the same day (BVR). One photographed on July 1 in extreme northwestern Ontario, just east of the Black Duck River, Kenora (CDJ, PSB) fills in a gap in the undersurveyed Hudson Bay Lowland. The last record of the season is of two during the Hog Island butterfly count, Renfrew which was held on July 17. Also see Ross Layberry’s interesting notes on larval colour forms on page 19.

Lycaeides idas NORTHERN BLUE

In 2000 – Several specimens were collected in the Hudson Bay Lowland, Kenora this year including five at the Winisk Airport on August 27 and several at Peawanuk on August 28 and 30 (MJO, DAS). In 2001 – One was collected at a remote area of Polar Bear P.P., northern Kenora on July 9 (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – A colony of very fresh individuals was found on June 29 approximately 80km east of Atikokan, Rainy River (TRa, MRa). Back in the Hudson Bay Lowland, individuals were collected at Peawanuk on July 8 and 11 (MJO). In 2004 – Three were collected at Kakabeka Falls, Thunder Bay on July 18 (JW).

Northern Blue ca. 80km E of Atikokan, Rainy River on June 29, 2003 (Tony and Mary Rapati)

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Plebejus saepiolus amica GREENISH BLUE

In 2003 – A single record this year – one was collected approximately 4km northeast of the junction between the Mattagami and the Poplar Rapids Rivers on June 21 (MJO, WDB). In 2004 – no reports.

Plebejus glandon franklinii ARCTIC BLUE

In 2001 – Five records from Polar Bear P.P., Kenora as follows: on July 6, individuals were collected from three remote inland sites; on July 7 one was collected from a fourth remote inland site; and on July 9 one was collected from the Sutton River (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – Two were collected at Fort Severn, Kenora on July 8 (SB, MBr). In 2004 – no reports.

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Family NYMPHALIDAE

Libytheana bachmanii AMERICAN SNOUT

In 2003 – Surprisingly, our first report was not until August 1 when one was seen at Point Pelee N.P., Essex (RJY). One was present on the Clear Creek butterfly count, Chatham-Kent/Elgin on July 12. One was photographed at Toronto Island, Metro Toronto on September 2 (RJY), a rare species in the Toronto area. There were several other records from Point Pelee and Pelee Island, including the last report of the year: a single at Mill Point, Pelee Island, Essex on September 12 (JK). In 2004 – A fresh individual was spotted at Point Pelee N.P., Essex on June 12 (RJY), our first report of the year. As usual, there were quite a few additional reports from Point Pelee and Pelee Island throughout the reason. A single was seen during the Clear Creek butterfly count on July 10 and four were tallied during the Rondeau P.P. butterfly count, Chatham-Kent on July 11. In Metro Toronto, one was seen at the Metro Toronto Zoo on July 6 (TM), and individuals were seen almost daily along the Lake Ontario waterfront from August 14-24 (CSAM, DP) – see more detailed note on page 24.

Euptoieta claudia VARIEGATED FRITILLARY

In 2003 – The only reports received this year of this rare migratory stray were during two butterfly counts: a total of eight were tallied during the Clear Creek count, Chatham-Kent/Elgin on July 12 and a single was seen during the Point Pelee N.P. count, Essex on August 9. In 2004 – No reports.

64 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Speyeria cybele GREAT SPANGLED FRITILLARY

In 2002 – Our first record was of a rather early invidual on June 8 at the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary, off County Rd. 19., Frontenac (BEP). Last noted on September 25, which is rather late, at the Wainfleet Bog, Niagara (JK). In 2004 – First recorded on June 20, 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL) and last seen on September 19 at Tommy Thompson Park, Metro Toronto (CSAM).

Speyeria aphrodite APHRODITE FRITILLARY

In 2003 – The first record of the season is from Caliper Lake P.P., Kenora where one was seen on June 29 (TRa, MRa). Last noted on September 14 at the new park south of MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa). In 2004 – First noted on June 12 at the Coulson Swamp, Simcoe (MH). On September 15, two were seen nectaring on thistle (Cirsium sp.) and Spotted Joe-Pye Weed (Eupatorium rugosum) along the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Twp., Peteroborough (JB), the final report of the season.

Speyeria atlantis ATLANTIS FRITILLARY

In 2000 – Three collected on August 28 at Peawanuk in extreme northern Kenora (MJO, DAS) are noteworthy due to the pacity of records from the Hudson Bay Lowland. In 2003 – First noted on June 26 when three were seen at East Coulson, Simcoe (MH). One at Embryo Lake, Woodland Caribou P.P., Kenora on June 29 (CDJ, PT) is not unexpected but is noteworthy due to the lack of records from that part of the province. In Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on August 16, a total of 12 were seen along the McManus Lake Rd. with another six seen along the hyrdocut that passes through the eastern side of the park (CB, MVB). Although this was our last report received, with such numbers, they were probably flying for at least a week or more beyond that date. In 2004 – On June 30, two were seen at Little Lake Huron, Manitoulin (MH), our first record of the season. Our final record was one collected at the Trewartha Township Peatland, north of Hwy. 17, Thunder Bay on September 8 (MJO, WDB).

Boloria eunomia BOG FRITILLARY

In 2001 – One was collected at a remote inland portion of Polar Bear P.P., Kenora on July 7 (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – One was photographed as it landed around a firepit (presumably getting minerals from the ash) at Grassy Bay, White Trout Lake, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on June 20 (CDJ, TRS). The only other records of the year were all from the Hudson Bay Lowland, Kenora as follows: Fort Severn on July 5, 8 and 9 (SB, MBr); Peawanuk on July 8, 11 and 12 (MJO); Polar Bear P.P., Radar Site 427 near Wachi Lake on July 9 (MJO); and finally, a remote inland portion of Polar Bear P.P. approximately 53km W of Winisk on July 12 (MJO). In 2004 – The only reports received this year are from the Spruce Bog Boardwalk in Algonquin P.P., Nipissing where one was seen on June 12 (MVB et al.) and two were seen by the Naturalist staff on June 14. One was also photographed at the Spruce Bog on June 14 (BM, CSAM), possibly one of the two seen by the Naturalist staff on the same day.

65 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Bog Fritillary at Grassy Bay, White Trout Lake, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on June 20, 2003 (Colin Jones)

Boloria selene atrocostalis SILVER-BORDERED FRITILLARY

In 2001 – Two specimens collected in the Hudson Bay Lowland, Kenora (one from a remote inland portion of Polar Bear P.P. on July 4 and the other from the Sutton Ridges on July 12) are noteworthy given the lack of records from that far north in Ontario (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – The first record of the year is of four at the Larose Forest, Prescott and Russell on June 3 (TH). Last reported from Arrow Lake, Lake of the Woods, Kenora where one was collected on September 16 (MJO). In 2004 – First reported 3km ESE of Manion Corners, Ottawa-Carleton on May 27 where two were present (RAL) and last seen (a single) at the Malborough Forest, Ottawa-Carleton on August 31 (RAL).

Boloria bellona MEADOW FRITILLARY

In 2003 – Our first individual was noted on May 28, 5 km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL). A specimen collected at Peawanuk in the Hudson Bay Lowland, northern Kenora on July 8 (MJO) is noteworthy as is the single individual seen during the Algonquin Hwy 60 butterfly count, Nipissing where this species is quite rare (Jones 2003). Last recorded on September 3 at the Crieff Fen, Wellington (CDJ). In 2004 – First noted at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville on May 13 where one was seen (JJD, CPR). The last report received was of one at Inverhuron P.P., Bruce on August 21 (TRa, MRa).

66 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Boloria frigga FRIGGA FRITILLARY

In 2003 – Only one record: one was collected on July 8 at Peawanuk in northern Kenora (MJO). In 2004 – One fresh and three worn individuals were collected at Geraldton, Thunder Bay on June 22 (DG), our only reports of the year.

Boloria freija FREIJA FRITILLARY

In 2003 – no reports In 2004 – One fresh individual was collected at Geraldton, Thunder Bay on June 22 (DG).

Boloria chariclea ARCTIC FRITILLARY

In 2001 – Two were collected between Mintiagan Creek and Tamuna Creek in the Hudson Bay Lowland, Kenora on July 13 (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – no reports. In 2004 – A single record: two were collected at the Trewartha Township Peatland, north of Hwy. 17, Thunder Bay on September 8 (MJO, WDB).

Chlosyne gorgone GORGONE CHECKERSPOT

In 2003 – On July 25, a total of four were seen at a site 5km E of Kemptville, Leeds-Grenville (TH) where they had also been seen a few days previous (PH). In 2004 – no reports.

Chlosyne nycteis SILVERY CHECKERSPOT

In 2003 – Our first report was on June 8 when one was seen along the old rail trail NE of Keene, Peterborough (JB). Last noted on July 14 at the Elginton Flats, Metro Toronto where two worn individuals were present (RJY) and at the Malborough Forest, Ottawa-Carleton where a total of five were seen (RAL). In 2004 – First seen (a total of seven) during the Algonquin East butterfly count, Nipissing on June 5. Last reported on July 11 when a single was seen along the Basin Lake Rd., Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (JJD, BHo) and two were seen during the Killarney P.P. butterfly count, Parry Sound.

Charidryas harrisii HARRIS CHECKERSPOT

In 1999 – One at Split Rock Narrows, Sabaskong Bay, Lake of the Woods, Kenora on June 16 (MJO, WDB) is noteworthy. In 2000 – Two collected at a roadside bog 15km N of Stratton, Rainy River on July 4 (MJO, WDB) are worth reporting due to the lack of records from northwestern Ontario. In 2003 – On June 17 one was present 4.5km ESE of Delta, Leeds-Grenville (JPC) marking the first record of the year. Our last report of the season is from July 13 when, during the Killarney P.P. butterfly count, four were tallied. In 2004 – One was seen on June 3 along the Salmon Lake Rd., Peterborough (JB), our first record of the year. As was the case in 2003, the last report was during the Killarney P.P. butterfly count, held on July 11, when a total of 19 were seen.

67 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Phyciodes tharos PEARL CRESCENT

In 2003 – On May 15, a fresh male representing the first record of the season was present at the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto (RJY). A record of three from Nare’s Inlet, Cratloe Island, Parry Sound on July 29 (JK) is noteworthy as is a record of two, 80km E of Atikokan, Rainy River on June 29 (TRa, MRa), both records being from north of their known usual range. There were two October records, both from Metro Toronto: one was at the Eglinton Flats on the 13th (RJY) and another was seen in the Toronto area on the 15th (LS). In 2004 – Once again, the first record of the season comes from the Eglinton Flats, Metro Toronto where two fresh males were seen on May 12 (RJY). The last report is of one at High Park, Metro Toronto on October 8 (RJY).

Phyciodes cocyta NORTHERN CRESCENT

In 2001 – One collected on July 13 along the Black Duck River in northen Kenora (MJO, DAS) is noteworthy given that it’s from an area of the province that is extremely undersurveyed. In 2003 – On May 27 this species was reported from Huttonville, Peel (WIM), the first record of the year. The last record of the year is from 5km SE of Fitzoy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton when, on September 27, four were seen (RAL). In 2004 – First seen on May 14 at the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary, along County Rd. 19, Frontenac (BEP). The last reported date is September 11 when a couple were seen south of Port Elgin, Bruce (TRa, MRa) and a worn and tattered individual was present along the rail trail northeast of Villiers, Peterborough (JB).

Aberrant Northern Crescent (note the pale apical band) at Guelph Junction Woods, Halton on May 27, 2004 (Brenda van Ryswyk)

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Phyciodes batesii TAWNY CRESCENT

In 2003 – Our first was on June 8 when a total of seven were seen 3km E of Manion Corners, Ottawa-Carelton (TH). A record of one 5km outside of Elliot Lake, Sudbury (TRa, MRa, ABe, CBe) represents a record in an undersurveyed part of the province. Our final record of the year is of one seen during the Killarney P.P. butterfly count on July 13. In 2004 – On June 3 a single male was seen along the Salmon Lake Rd., Peterborough (JB), our first record of the year. One along the Opeongo Rd., Algonquin P.P., Nipissing represents only the second record from Algonquin (Jones 2003). As in 2003, the final record was during the Killarney P.P. butterfly count when, on July 11, a total of two were seen.

Euphydryas phaeton BALTIMORE CHECKERSPOT

In 2001 – One collected at Mandeville Lake and King Lake Rd., Parry Sound on June 11 (MJO) is a noteworthy location. In 2003 – First recorded on June 27 when one was seen at Glenburnie, Frontenac (CPR). One caught by a participant (T. Piche) during an insect program at the Trailer Sanitary Station along Hwy 60 in Algonquin P.P., Nipissing is the first record of this species for Algonquin. Despite repeated visits to the site over the next week, no other individuals were found indicating that it probably flew from a colony elsewhere. Last seen on August 10 at Baie du Dore, Bruce where three were present (TRa, MRa). In 2004 – The first report of the season is of 25+ larvae feeding on the preferred foodplant Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) on May 22 at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (JJD, MVB). Our first record of an adult was on June 12 at Mitchell Creek and Canoe Lake Rd., Frontenac (BEP). The last record of the year is from Lake Medad, Halton on July 29 when one was photographed (BVR).

Baltimore Checkerspot at Lake Medad, Halton on July 29, 2004 (Brenda van Ryswyk)

69 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Polygonia interrogationis QUESTION MARK

In 2003 – On June 6 this species was reported from Huttonville, Peel (WIM), the first record of the year. Last reported on October 9 when one was seen at Charleson Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (CPR). In 2004 – The first report of the year was an individual at MacGregor Point P.P. on April 18 (TRa), a very early date for this species, potentially involving an individual that overwintered locally rather than one that overwintered in the southern U.S. before migrating north again in the spring – the behaviour that our populations are thought to exhibit (Layberry et al. 1998). With respect to this migratory behaviour, four very fresh individuals caught in a butterfly trap baited with bananas at Port Hope, Northumberland were suspected to have come across Lake Ontario (RJP). Two recorded on June 5 during the Algonquin East butterfly count, represented a record early date for Algonquin (Jones 2003). On July 9 in Metro Toronto, a single, very fresh, pale winter form individual was seen (and photographed) flying along with fresh dark summer form individuals (JPC). One on October 7 at Port Elgin, Bruce (MRa) is quite late but not as late as a November 6 report from Tommy Thompson Park, Metro Toronto (CSAM).

Polygonia comma EASTERN COMMA

In 2003 – Our earliest record this year was March 28 at the Yarmouth Natural Heritage Area, Elgin (IC) and our latest was on November 12 when one was seen at the Sylvan Bluffs, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (LS, BCo). In 2004 – A very early individual was seen on March 10 in the Bellamy Ravine, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (LS). Four November records this year to include: one on the 6th at Tommy Thompson Park, Metro Toronto (CSAM) and another caught and released on the Thames River at Hwy 74, Middlesex on the same date (PSB); one on the 10th in the Toronto area; and finally, one resting in nettles on the Leslie Street Spit, Metro Toronto on the 22nd (AG).

Polygonia satyrus SATYR COMMA

In 2003 – no reports. In 2004 – Only a single record this year: one on May 30 at the Mew Lake Campground office, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (JJD).

Polygonia faunus GREEN COMMA

In 2003 – First noted on May 2 when one was seen on the Mizzy Lake Trail, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (JJD). Our last record is of a single caught and released at Petroglyphs P.P., Peterborough on October 9 (DBr), quite a late date for this species. In 2004 – The first record is from April 9 of one along Devil’s 4-mile Rd., east of Oak Lake, Peteroborough (JB). Last reported on September 11 at the new park south of MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa).

70 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Dark summer form Question Mark at High Park, Metro Toronto on July 9, 2004 (Bob Yukich)

Pale winter form Question Mark at Toronto, Metro Toronto on July 9, 2004 (J.P. Crolla). The winter form is not usually seen in the summer months and this very fresh individual was seen flying with fresh examples of the dark summer form (like the one on the top of this page).

71 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

Polygonia progne GREY COMMA

In 2003 – First noted on April 20, 4.5km ESE of Delta, Leeds-Grenville (JPC). Rare in Metro Toronto, one slightly worn individual photographed along the railway near downtown on July 28 (JPC) and another individual on Ward’s Island on July 29 (RJY) are noteworthy records. The last record is of a single at Port Elgin on October 11 (TRa, MRa, CBe). In 2004 – On April 16, two were seen along the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Twp., Peterborough (JB), the first report of the season. One attracted to an ultraviolet light on July 21 at Petroglyhps P.P., Peterborough (DBr) is an interesting record. Last recorded on September 11 along the rail trail northeast of Villiers, Peterborough (JB).

Nymphalis vaualbum j-album COMPTON TORTOISESHELL

In 2003 – The first overwintering individuals were noted on March 24 when two were seen at Hague Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (BH). A worn individual was seen along the Charlie Allen Rd., near Rockcroft, Peterborough on May 30 (JB), representing the last record known to be of an overwintering individual. Records on June 15 from the new park south of MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa) and on June 29 from the Visitor Cenre in Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (CPR) were not reported to be worn or fresh and therefore it’s difficult to determine what generation they belonged to. The first known report of the new generation came on July 5 with a fresh individual was seen at the Charlie Allen Rd (same location and observer as above). The last report of the season was on October 11 when one was recorded at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (CPR). In 2004 – Four March records this year including two on animal scat along the Opeongo Rd., Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on March 28 (BM, CSAM) and records from three locations on March 29 as follows: one at the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary, along Cty Rd. 19, Frontenac (ARo); one at High Park, Metro Toronto (RJY); and, one at Hague Park, Metro Toronto (BH). Last recorded on September 28 at Charleston Lake P.P., Frontenac (CPR).

Nymphalis antiopa MOURNING CLOAK

In 2003 – Our first reports this year are from March 24 when one was seen in the Britton Tract, along the Bruce Trail east of 6th Line, Nasssagaweya Township, Halton (WIM) and another two were seen along Swift Rapids Rd., Severn Township, Simcoe (MH). Last recorded on October 31 in both downtown Metro Toronto (CSAM, BM) and at Petroglyphs P.P., Peterborough (DBr). In 2004 – On March 28, reports came in from several locations including Humber Bay Marsh#7 and Kingsmill Park, Metro Toronto (RJY) as well as Beaver Meadow C.A., Prince Edward (YB, DBr). Our last record was a very late individual on November 15 in the Bellamy Ravine, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (LS).

Aglais milberti MILBERT’S TORTOISESHELL

In 2003 – A single individual was seen in the London area, Middlesex on March 16 (DAM), our first record of the season. Our final record was on October 31 when one was collected 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL). In 2004 – On March 28 one was seen 5km SE of Fitzroy Harbour (RAL) representing the beginning of the season for this species. Last reported on October 22 at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds- Grenville (CPR).

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Vanessa virginiensis AMERICAN LADY

In 2003 – The first migrants were not reported until the end of April and included one at Colonel Samuel Smith Park, Metro Toronto on the 26th (RJY), one at the new park south of MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce on the 27th (TRa, MRa) and one, 1.6km W of Orwell, Elgin on the 29th (AV). The last reports are from Metro Toronto when individuals were seen at Eastpoint Park, Scarborough on November 3 and 6 (BH), very late dates for this species. In 2004 – As in 2003, both the first and last migrants were reported from Metro Toronto, from Colonel Samuel Smith Park on April 24 and from High Park on October 8, respectively (RJY).

Vanessa cardui PAINTED LADY

In 2001 – Two records from the Hudson Bay Lowland are noteworthy due to the paucity of records from the area: three very worn individuals were collected at the Moosonee Airport, Cochrane on July 3 and another was collected at Radar Site 415, Polar Bear P.P., Kenora on July 7 (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – Our first report is of a single in downtown Metro Toronto on May 11 (CSAM, BM). Not reported again until June 30 from the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary on Cty Rd. 19, Frontenac (BEP). For the remainder of the season, seen in relatively low numbers. There were several collected in the Hudson Bay Lowland, northern Kenora including: on July 8, one on the Hudson Bay coast at the mouth of Ministik Creek (MJO) and another at Fort Severn (SB, MBr); one at Cape Henrietta Maria on July 10 (MJO); and two at Peawanuk on July 11 (MJO). A very late individual was seen on November 12 at Eastpoint Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto (BH), a record late date for Toronto (B. Harrison, pers. comm.). In 2004 – First reported from Bell’s Swamp, Frontenac on June 2 (BEP). Overall quite low in numbers this year. On July 1, one was seen just east of the Black Duck River, Kenora in extreme northwestern Ontario (CDJ, PSB). On November 7, a total of four were seen at Eastpoint Park, Scarborough and another was seen migrating at Highland Creek, Metro Toronto (BH).

Vanessa atalanta RED ADMIRAL

In 2003 – As was the case with American Lady, this migratory species was not overly common this year. Our first migrant was noted on April 19 at Beamer C.A., Niagara (RJY). There were two very late records from Metro Toronto this fall including one on November 7 in the Bellamy Ravine, Scarborough (LS) and another on November 12 (a record late date for the Toronto area - B. Harrison, pers. comm.) at High Park (DS). In 2004 – A slightly stonger flight this year compared to 2003, with our first appearing on April 1 in downtown Metro Toronto (CSAM). One at Basin Depot, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on October 28 was a record late date for Algonquin (Jones 2003). Again this year, two November records from Metro Toronto: a total of seven were seen at the Leslie Street Spit on the 6th and one was also seen there on the 14th (breaking the record late date set in 2003 by two days).

Junonia coenia COMMON BUCKEYE

In 2003 – Only three reports this year as follows: one during the Pinery P.P. butterfly count on June 28; two on the Skunk’s Misery butterfly count on July 6; and, a worn individual at Mill Point, Pelee Island, Essex on August 3 (RJY).

73 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

In 2004 – A few more records than in 2003 with the first being an individual on June 26 during the Pinery P.P. butterfly count. Several other NABA butterfly counts also reported this species (see summary on page 25). Elsewhere, one was seen at Queen’s Quay and Rees St., Metro Toronto on July 11 (RJY), one was collected at a regenerating gravel pit at Cedar Springs, Chatham-Kent on August 25 (MJO), and at Hanlan’s Point, Toronto Islands, Metro Toronto an individual was seen on September 3 with perhaps the same individual seen again on the 15th (RJY). On September 12, one was reported from Cranberry Marsh, Whitby, Durham (BM, CSAM). Finally, on September 15, one was seen at a gravel pit at the end of the Jack Lake Rd., Peterborough and at the same location on the 21st, presumably the same individual was still present (JB).

Limenitis arthemis arthemis WHITE ADMIRAL

In 2003 – First noted on June 16 from the Sandy Lake Rd., Methueun Twp., Peterborough (JB). Last seen on September 13 at Cape Chin, Bruce (CR). In 2004 – Our first records this year were on June 10 when individuals were seen at both the Malborough Forest, Ottawa-Carleton (RAL) and along Wylie Rd. in the Carden Plain, Victoria (MH). Three September records rounded out the year as follows: one at the north end of Whitefish Lake, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing on the 2nd (CDJ); one at Hanlan’s Point, Toronto Islands, Metro Toronto on the 3rd (RJY); and a worn and tattered individual on the rail trail northeast of Keene, Peterborough on the 13th (JB).

White Admiral on wet mud at Delta, Leeds & Grenville on June 27, 2004 (J.P. Crolla)

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Limenitis arthemis astyanax RED SPOTTED PURPLE

In 2003 – First noted on June 17 at Acton, Halton (WIM). Records at the northern edge of the range for this subspecies include: one at the Concession 2 marsh, Orillia, Simcoe on June 28 (MH); one along Swift Rapids Rd., Severn, Simcoe on July 13 (MH); one at the new park south of MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce on July 25 (TRa, MRa); and, on August 23, one south of Port Elgin, Bruce (TRa, MRa) and another at Misery Bay, Manitoulin (MH). Our last record is of six at the Stone Road Alvar, Pelee Island, Essex on September 12 (JK). In 2004 – First recored on June 9 when one was photographed at the Lowville Escarpment Woods and Valley, Halton (BVR). Although more like L. a. astyanax than L. a. arthemis, one photographed at Sandbanks P.P., Prince Edward on June 21 (SPP) was certainly an intermediate form. Records from Bruce seem to be an annual event with one seen on July 10, 2.5km SW of North Bruce (MRa) and another at MacGregor P.P. on July 17 (MRa, ATo). The first record of this subspecies for Algonquin P.P. was recorded on July 17 at the Trailer Sanitary Station along Hwy 60, Nipissing (TRS, EMK). Finally, the last report of the year comes from the Toronto Islands, Metro Toronto when, on August 16, two were seen (RJY).

Limenitis archippusXLimenitis arthemis VICEROY/ADMIRAL HYBRID

In 2003 – On September 1 a very interesting hybrid between these two closely related species was seen along the Port Elgin rail trail, Bruce (TRa). From the photo, the individual looks to have more L. arthemis arthemis-like characters (e.g. the presence of a white band on the hindwing) but there is also the possibility that it is a hybrid between a Viceroy and a White Admiral/Red-spotted Purple intergrade as it compares quite closely to a specimen in Johnson (1974).

Viceroy/Admiral hybrid at Port Elgin, Bruce on September 1, 2003 (Tony Rapati)

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Limenitis archippus VICEROY

In 2003 – First recorded on June 8 from the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary on Cty. Rd. 19, Frontenac (BEP). A record near Elliot Lake, Algoma (TRa, MRa, ABe, CBe) is noteworthy given that there are relatively few records from the north. Rare in the western uplands of Algonquin P.P., one on August 27 at Found Lake, Nipissing (LM) is also noteworthy. Our final report of the season is one south of Port Elgin, Bruce on September 20 (TRa, MRa). In 2004 – A larva was found on Basswood (Tilia americana) at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds- Grenville on May 24 (MVB). The first adult was reported on June 2 in Malborough Twp., Ottawa- Carleton (RAL). An individual lacking any orange pigment (i.e. white and black) was seen along the Rouge River, Metro Toronto on July 3 (RJY). Our last records are from September 26 when individuals were seen both at the Leslie Street Spit, Metro Toronto (RJY) and at Baie du Dore, Bruce (TRa).

Aberrant Viceroy (no orange pigment) at Rouge Valley, Metro Toronto on July 3, 2004 (Bob Yukich)

Asterocampa celtis HACKBERRY EMPEROR

In 1999 – One recorded from the “Scuttleholes” along the Moira River, approximately 2.2km upstream from Latta (MJO) represents a new record for Hastings and is quite distant from the nearest known Ontario record in the western Lake Ontario basin. Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) was growing nearby, however, and this individual is almost certainly part of a breeding population there. In 2003 – Apart from records at Point Pelee and Pelee Island, Essex where this species is most abundant, only one other record this year: one at St. Thomas, Elgin on July 24 (AV) which, surprisingly,

76 Ontario Lepidoptera 2003-2004______

is also our first report of the season. Our last report is from the Stone Road Alvar, Pelee Island on September 12 when a total of four were seen (JK). In 2004 – Only reported this year from Pelee Island and Point Pelee, Essex. At Pelee Island there were two on July 31 during the butterfly count and one at the Fish Point Provincial Nature Reserve on August 1 (SLa, CK). At Point Pelee, the only reports received were of the 15 tallied during the butterfly count there on August 7.

Asterocampa clyton TAWNY EMPEROR

In 2003 – Our first record this year is from the Long Point butterfly Count, Norfolk on July 5 when two were counted. A total of seven were seen during the Skunks Misery butterfly count the following day. Singles were seen during both the Clear Creek butterfly count, Chatham-Kent/Elgin on July 12 and the Rondeau P.P. butterfly count, Chatham-Kent on July 13. One was caught and released along the Grand River at Onondago, Brant on July 23 (CDJ, PSB). Apart from records at Point Pelee and Pelee Island, where this species is regular, the only other report received was of one photographed along the Sydenham River, approximately 1km SW of Croton on August 20 (CDJ, PSB, JC), our last record of the year. In 2004 – As in 2003, our first record of the year was during the Long Point butterfly count, Norfolk when an incredible 39 were tallied. The Skunks Misery butterfly count reported a total of seven on July 4. One fresh individual was photographed at the Branchton Prairie, Waterloo on July 18 (RJY). The only other reports received this year were from Point Pelee and Pelee Island, Essex including the final report of the year: eight at Point Pelee N.P. on August 8 (RJY).

Tawny Emperor at the Branchton Prairie, Waterloo Co. on July 18, 2004 (Photo: Bob Yukich)

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Enodia anthedon NORTHERN PEARLY-EYE

In 2003 – Not recorded until June 27 when a total of six were seen near Elliot Lake, Algoma (TRa, MRa, ABe, CBe). Last noted on August 31 when one was present at the new park south of MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa). In 2004 – First reported on June 20 from the Easter Seal Tract, Central Lake Ontario Conservation Authority, Durham (SLa, CK). One was at an ultraviolet light on July 7 at Petroglyphs P.P., Peterborough (DBr). Last seen on August 22 at MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce (TRa, MRa).

Satyrodes eurydice EYED BROWN

In 2003 – First recorded on June 17 when a single was seen where the hydrocut crosses the Bonnechere River in Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (JJD et al.) – a record early date for Algonquin by several days (Jones 2003). Quite late for this species, our last report is of one at Shirley’s Bay, Ottawa- Carleton on September 24 (TH). In 2004 – The first record of the year is of one at Jackson Park, Peterborough, Peterborough on June 22 (JB). Last recorded on August 22 when one was present at Baie du Dore, Bruce (TRa).

Satyrodes appalachia leewi APPALACHIAN BROWN

In 2003 – First seen (one) during the Pinery P.P. butterfly count on June 28. Other noteworthy records include: two at the Menzel Centennial Provincial Nature Reserve, Lennox and Addington on June 29 (RJY); two 6km east of Merrickville, Leeds-Grenville on July 9 and another at the same location on August 17 (TH); one along The South Rd., east of Lasswade, Hastings on July 22 (JB); several records from Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville between July 27 and August 7 (CPR); one at the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary along Cty Rd. 19, Frontenac on August 5 (BEP); four at the new park south of MacGregor Point P.P, Bruce on August 17 (TRa, MRa); and, one at Baie du Dore, Bruce on August 24 (TRa, MRa). Last seen (two) on September 8 at the Robertson Tract, Campbellville, Halton (WIM). In 2004 – Adults first noted on June 17 at Marcy’s Woods, Point Abino, Niagara where larvae were also present feeding on grass (JK). Several more records from Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds- Grenville this year (m.obs.) as well as one from the Helen Quilliam Sanctuary, Frontenac on July 6 (BEP, PM). Two were caught and released in the Kirkfield area, Victoria on July 11 (BM, CSAM). At MacGregor Point P.P., Bruce, six were seen on July 23 and another was seen on July 25 (TRa, MRa). Finally, last seen during the Point Pelee N.P. butterfly count, Essex on August 7 when four were seen.

Megisto cymela LITTLE WOOD-SATYR

In 2003 – One June 6, three fresh individuals were seen at the Eglington Flats, Metro Toronto, our first report of the season (RJY). Near or at the northern edge of their known range in Ontario, a total of 70 reported from near Elliot Lake, Algoma on June 27 (TRa, MRa, ABe, CBe) is noteworthy. Last recorded on August 12 when one was seen at the Saugeen Golf Course, Bruce (MRa). In 2004 – First reported on May 28 along a forest access road off of the Jack Lake Rd., Peterborough where one was seen (JB). One at the Agawa Bay Campground, Lake Superior P.P., Algoma on July 3 (TRa, MRa, ABe, CBe) is noteworthy as is another record from the Elliot Lake area, this time of 20 individuals on July 5 (TRa, ABe, CBe). One on August 8 at Bronte Creek P.P., Halton (SLa, CK) is our last report of the season.

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Coenonympha tullia inornata COMMON RINGLET

In 2000 – One collected at Peawanuk, northern Kenora on August 30 (MJO, DAS) is noteworthy given the paucity of records from the Hudson Bay Lowland. In 2001 – Further filling in some gaps in the far north, individuals were collected from three remote inland sites in Polar Bear P.P., Kenora on July 6 and 7 (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – First noted on June 1 when one was seen at Fitzroy Harbour, Ottawa-Carleton (TH). Additional collections from northern Kenora this year, including, once again, Peawanuk on July 8 as well as a remote inland site in the western portion of Polar Bear P.P. on July 12 and the vicinity of the Swan River on July 14 (MJO). These records, in combination with records from previous years, indicate that this is a fairly common and widespread species in the Hudson Bay Lowland of Ontario. Quite a few records from August and September, representing the partial second brood culminating with a rather late September 26 record from the Leslie Street Spit, Metro Toronto (BH). In 2004 – One was seen on May 26 at Charleston Lake P.P., Leeds-Grenville (MVB), our first record of the season. One at East Point Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto on October 1 (BH) was quite late but an individual seen on October 6 at Sylvan Park, Metro Toronto (LS) tied the previous latest Toronto area record (B. Harrison, pers. comm.).

Common Ringlet at Mountsberg Conservation Area, Hamilton-Wentworth on June 5, 2004 (Brenda van Ryswyk)

Cercyonis pegala nephele COMMON WOOD-NYMPH

In 2003 – First noted on June 21 when two were seen during the MacGregor Point butterfly count, Bruce. Last reported on September 9 from Frontenac (fide BEP).

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In 2004 – Our first record of the season is of four individuals at the Guelph Junction Woods Extension, Halton on June 25 (BVR) and our last is a worn and tattered individual nectaring on goldenrod on September 10 along the Sandy Lake Rd., Methuen Twp., Peterborough (JB).

Erebia mancinus TAIGA ALPINE

In 2003 – no reports In 2004 – One was collected in the Big Lake Forest, approximately 50km E of Dryden, Kenora on June 9 (JW) and two (extremely fresh) were collected at Geraldton, Thunder Bay on June 22 (DG).

Erebia discoidalis RED-DISKED ALPINE

In 2003 – no reports In 2004 – Two were collected in the Big Lake Forest, approximately 50km E of Dryden, Kenora on June 9 (JW).

Oeneis macounii MACOUN’S ARCTIC

In 2003 – no reports. Adults only fly in even numbered years in Ontario. In 2004 – A total of two were seen the the Lake Travers area of Algonquin Park, Nipissing, during the Algonquin East butterfly count on June 5. Our only other records are from Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay where two were collected on June 20 (JW) and another two fresh individuals were collected on June 20 and 21 (DG).

Oeneis chryxus CHRYXUS ARCTIC

In 2003 – First noted 1.5km NW of MacTier, Parry Sound on May 15 when a single was present (JK). At the same location on May 19, a total of five were seen (JK). Our final two records of the year are both noteworthy as they are from the Hudson Bay Lowland in northern Kenora. On July 8, one was collected at Fort Severn (SB, MBr) and on July 9, two were collected at Radar Site 427, Polar Bear P.P. (MJO). In 2004 – Our first record of the year is of six in the Twin Lakes area, Peterborough on May 12 (BH, JS). Last noted on June 6 when two were seen at the Lake of Two Rivers airfield, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (CB, JA).

Oeneis jutta ascerta JUTTA ARCTIC

In 2001 – Two records from the Hudson Bay Lowland, northern Kenora are noteworthy given the paucity of records from that area. One was collected at a remote inland site in Polar Bear P.P. on July 5 and another was collected near the Brant River, Polar Bear P.P. on July 6 (MJO, DAS). In 2003 – One was seen at Alfred Bog, Ottawa-Carleton on June 3 (TH). On June 14, during the Misery Bay butterfly count, Manitoulin two were tallied. Two were also seen on June 15 at Misery Bay, Manitoulin (MH). In 2004 – On June 14, an individual or two were seen along the Spruce Bog Boardwalk, Algonquin P.P., Nipissing (BM, CSAM et al.). Also in Algonquin, a single was seen along the Opeogo Rd. on June 15 (JJD, MVB). Finally, on June 19, one was collected at Nipigon, Thunder Bay (JW).

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Danaus plexippus MONARCH

In 2003 – The first known report was of single migrant on Pelee Island, Essex on May 10 (DW). Individuals continued to be reported, although not on a daily basis, through the remainder of May and into the first half of June. Reported on nearly a daily basis from June 21 until October 1 from as far north as Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay, where, on June 21 several were seen (NGE). On July 8 at High Park, Metro Toronto, a female was noted ovipositing on Dog-strangling Vine (Cynanchum nigrum) (RJY). This member of the milkweed family is not native to Ontario, is highly invasive and is spreading throughout southern Ontario. The fall migration was first noticed around July 23 in the Toronto area (BH). A conservative estimate of 10,000 invididuals was made at High Bluff Island, Presqu’ile P.P., Northumberland on September 3 (DTy). While many individuals were feeding upon thistle, most were roosting in the trees in the western woodlot of the island. At the Scarborough Bluffs, Metro Toronto on September 20, a significant westward movement of approximately 35/minute was noted over a one hour period (10:30-11:30 a.m.) resulting in an estimated 1000+ individuals (BH). By mid-October, the fall migration was largely over although there were several records on October 31 as follows: three at Cranberry Marsh, Durham (JB); two at Humber Bay Shores, Metro Toronto (RJY); and an individual that flew inside one of the heritage cottages at Presqu’ile P.P. at 7:30 p.m. (DD)! In 2004 – The first migrants were reported at Point Pelee N.P., Essex on May 6 (fide AW). Spring migrants continued to arrive through May and early June and were reported from as far north as Thunder Bay when, on June 9, the first migrants were noted at the Thunder Cape Bird Observatory on the tip of the Sibley Peninsula (the foot of the Sleeping Giant) (fide DD). Freshly laid eggs were noted at L’Amoreaux Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto on May 30 (JE) and full grown larvae were found on the Toronto Islands, Metro Toronto on June 21 (RJY). Overall, however, reported in relatively low numbers throughout the season, including through the fall migration which, due to relatively mild temperatures, extended until early November with the following records: one nectaring on Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) at Eastpoint Park, Scarborough, Metro Toronto on the 3rd (BH); a total of six at Tommy Thompson Park, Metro Toronto on the 6th (CSAM); and, one at Mount Hope, Hamilton- th Wentworth on the 15 (KM).

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References

Johnson, K. 1974. An aberrant interspecific hybrid of Limenitis (Nymphalidae) from Wisconsin. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Soceity 28(2): 162-165.

Jones, C.D. 2003. Checklist and Seasonal Status of the Butterflies of Algonquin Provincial Park. Algonquin Park Technical Bulletin No. 1. The Friends of Algonquin Park. Whitney.

Layberry, R.A, P.W. Hall and J.D. Lafontaine. 1998. The Butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press. Toronto.

Opler, P.A. and A.D. Warren. 2003. Butterflies of North America 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico. Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University.

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CHECKLIST OF ONTARIO BUTTERFLIES AND SKIPPERS

by Colin D. Jones

Superfamily: HESPERIOIDEA Latreille Family: HESPERIIDAE Latreille SKIPPERS Subfamily: Pyrginae Burmeister PYRGINE SKIPPERS

___ Epargyreus clarus (Cramer) SILVER-SPOTTED SKIPPER a) clarus ___ Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus) LONG-TAILED SKIPPER ___ Achalarus lyciades (Geyer) HOARY EDGE ___ Thorybes bathyllus (J.E. Smith) SOUTHERN CLOUDYWING ___ Thorybes pylades (Scudder) NORTHERN CLOUDYWING a) pylades ___ Staphylus hayhurstii (W.H. Edwards) HAYHURST'S SCALLOPWING ___ Erynnis icelus (Scudder & Burgess) DREAMY DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis brizo (Boisduval & Leconte) SLEEPY DUSKYWING a) brizo ___ Erynnis juvenalis (Fabricius) JUVENAL'S DUSKYWING a) juvenalis ___ Erynnis horatius (Scudder & Burgess) HORACE'S DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis martialis (Scudder) MOTTLED DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis zarucco (Lucas) ZARUCCO DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis funeralis (Scudder & Burgess) FUNEREAL DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis lucilius (Scudder & Burgess) COLUMBINE DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis baptisiae (Forbes) WILD INDIGO DUSKYWING ___ Erynnis persius (Scudder) PERSIUS DUSKYWING a) persius b) borealis (Cary) ___ Pyrgus centaureae (Rambur) GRIZZLED SKIPPER a) freija (Warren) ___ Pyrgus communis (Grote) COMMON CHECKERED SKIPPER ___ Pholisora catullus (Fabricius) COMMON SOOTYWING

Subfamily Heteropterinae Aurivillius INTERMEDIATE SKIPPERS

___ Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas) ARCTIC SKIPPER a) mandan (W.H. Edwards)

Subfamily Hesperiinae Latreille BRANDED SKIPPERS

___ Lerema accius (J.E. Smith) CLOUDED SKIPPER ___ Ancyloxypha numitor (Fabricius) LEAST SKIPPER ___ Oarisma garita (Reakirt) GARITA SKIPPERLING ___ Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer) EUROPEAN SKIPPER ___ Hylephila phyleus (Drury) FIERY SKIPPER a) phyleus ___ Hesperia comma (Linnaeus) COMMON BRANDED SKIPPER a) manitoba (Scudder) b) borealis Lindsey c) laurentina (Lyman) ___ Hesperia leonardus Harris LEONARD'S SKIPPER a) leonardus ___ Hesperia sassacus Harris INDIAN SKIPPER ___ Polites peckius (W. Kirby) PECK'S SKIPPER ___ Polites themistocles (Latreille) TAWNY-EDGED SKIPPER ___ Polites origenes (Fabricius) CROSSLINE SKIPPER a) origenes ___Polites mystic (W.H. Edwards) LONG DASH SKIPPER

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___ Polites vibex (Geyer) WHIRLABOUT a) vibex ___ Wallengrenia egeremet (Scudder) NORTHERN BROKEN-DASH ___ Pompeius verna (W.H. Edwards) LITTLE GLASSYWING ___ Atalopedes campestris (Boisduval) SACHEM ___ Anatrytone logan (W.H. Edwards) DELAWARE SKIPPER a) logan ___ Poanes massasoit (Scudder) MULBERRY WING a) massasoit ___ Poanes hobomok (Harris) HOBOMOK SKIPPER = form “pocahontas” (Scudder) ___ Poanes zabulon (Boisduval and Leconte) ZABULON SKIPPER ___ Poanes viator (W.H. Edwards) BROAD-WINGED SKIPPER a) viator ___ Euphyes dion (W.H. Edwards) DION SKIPPER a) dion ___ Euphyes dukesi (Lindsey) DUKES' SKIPPER ___ Euphyes conspicua (W.H. Edwards) BLACK DASH a) conspicua ___ Euphyes bimacula (Grote & Robinson) TWO-SPOTTED SKIPPER a) bimacula ___ Euphyes vestris (Boisduval) DUN SKIPPER a) metacomet (Harris) ___ Atrytonopsis hianna (Scudder) DUSTED SKIPPER a) hianna ___ Amblyscirtes hegon (Scudder) PEPPER AND SALT SKIPPER ___ Amblyscirtes vialis (W.H. Edwards) COMMON ROADSIDE SKIPPER ___ Calpodes ethlius (Stoll) BRAZILIAN SKIPPER ___ Panoquina ocola (W.H. Edwards) OCOLA SKIPPER

Superfamily PAPILIONOIDEA Latreille Family PAPILIONIDAE Latreille Subfamily Papilioninae Latreille SWALLOWTAILS ___ Battus philenor (Linnaeus) PIPEVINE SWALLOWTAIL a) philenor ___ Eurytides marcellus (Cramer) ZEBRA SWALLOWTAIL ___ Papilio polyxenes Fabricius BLACK SWALLOWTAIL a) asterias Stoll ___ Papilio machaon Linnaeus OLD WORLD SWALLOWTAIL a) hudsonianus A.H. Clark ___ Papilio cresphontes Cramer GIANT SWALLOWTAIL ___ Papilio glaucus Linnaeus EASTERN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL a) glaucus ___ Papilio canadensis Rothschild & Jordan CANADIAN TIGER SWALLOWTAIL ___ Papilio troilus Linnaeus SPICEBUSH SWALLOWTAIL a) troilus

Family PIERIDAE Duponchel Subfamily Pierinae Duponchel WHITES AND MARBLES

___ Pontia protodice (Boisduval & Leconte) CHECKERED WHITE ___ Pontia occidentalis (Reakirt) WESTERN WHITE a) occidentalis ___ Pieris oleracea Harris MUSTARD WHITE a) oleracea ___ Pieris virginiensis W.H. Edwards WEST VIRGINIA WHITE ___ Pieris rapae (Linnaeus) CABBAGE WHITE ___ Ascia monuste (Linnaeus) GREAT SOUTHERN WHITE ___ Euchloe ausonides Lucas LARGE MARBLE a) ausonides ___ Euchloe olympia (W.H. Edwards) OLYMPIA MARBLE

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Subfamily Coliadinae Swainson SULPHURS

___ Colias philodice Godart CLOUDED SULPHUR a) philodice ___ Colias eurytheme Boisduval ORANGE SULPHUR ___ Colias gigantea Strecker GIANT SULPHUR a) gigantea ___ Colias pelidne Boisduval & Leconte PELIDNE SULPHUR a) pelidne ___ Colias interior Scudder PINK-EDGED SULPHUR ___ Colias palaeno (Linnaeus) PALAENO SULPHUR a) chippewa (W.H. Edwards) ___ Zerene cesonia (Stoll) SOUTHERN DOGFACE ___ Phoebis sennae (Linnaeus) CLOUDLESS SULPHUR a) eubule (Linnaeus) ___ Phoebis philea (Linnaeus) ORANGE-BARRED SULPHUR ___ Eurema mexicanum (Boisduval) MEXICAN YELLOW ___ Pyrisitia lisa (Boisduval & Leconte) LITTLE YELLOW ___ Abaeis nicippe (Cramer) SLEEPY ORANGE ___ Nathalis iole (Boisduval) DAINTY SULPHUR

Family LYCAENIDAE Leach Subfamily Miletinae Corbet HARVESTERS

___ Feniseca tarquinius (Fabricius) THE HARVESTER

Subfamily Lycaeninae Leach COPPERS

___ Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus) AMERICAN COPPER a) americana Harris ___ Lycaena dione (Scudder) GREY COPPER ___ Lycaena hyllus (Cramer) BRONZE COPPER ___ Lycaena epixanthe (Boisduval & Leconte) BOG COPPER a) michiganensis Rawson ___ Lycaena dorcas W. Kirby DORCAS COPPER a) dorcas ___ Lycaena helloides (Boisduval) PURPLISH COPPER

Subfamily Theclinae Swainson HAIRSTREAKS

___ Satyrium acadica (W.H. Edwards) ACADIAN HAIRSTREAK a) acadica ___ Satyrium titus (Fabricius) CORAL HAIRSTREAK a) titus ___ Satyrium edwardsii (Grote & Robinson) EDWARDS’ HAIRSTREAK ___ Satyrium calanus (Hübner) BANDED HAIRSTREAK a) falacer (Godart) ___ Satyrium caryaevorus (McDunnough) HICKORY HAIRSTREAK ___ Satyrium liparops (Leconte) STRIPED HAIRSTREAK a) strigosum (Harris) b) fletcheri (Michener & dos Passos) ___ Satyrium favonius (J.E. Smith) SOUTHERN HAIRSTREAK a) ontario (W.H. Edwards) ___ Callophrys gryneus (Hübner) JUNIPER HAIRSTREAK a) gryneus ___ Callophrys augustinus (Westwood) BROWN ELFIN a) augustinus ___ Callophrys polios (Cook & Watson) HOARY ELFIN a) polios ___ Callophrys irus (Godart) FROSTED ELFIN a) irus

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___ Callophrys henrici (Grote & Robinson) HENRY’S ELFIN a) henrici ___ Callophrys lanoraieensis (Sheppard) BOG ELFIN ___ Callophrys niphon (Hübner) EASTERN PINE ELFIN a) clarki (T.N. Freeman) ___ Callophrys eryphon (Boisduval) WESTERN PINE ELFIN b) eryphon ___ Parrhasius m-album (Boisduval & Leconte) WHITE-M HAIRSTREAK ___ Strymon melinus Hübner GREY HAIRSTREAK a) melinus b) franki Field ___ Erora laeta (W.H. Edwards) EARLY HAIRSTREAK

Subfamily Polyommatinae Swainson BLUES

___ Leptotes marina (Reakirt) MARINE BLUE ___ Cupido comyntas (Godart) EASTERN TAILED BLUE a) comyntas ___ Cupido amyntula (Boisduval) WESTERN TAILED BLUE a) albrighti Clench ___ Celastrina ladon (Cramer) SPRING AZURE a) lucia (W. Kirby) ___ Celastrina neglecta (W.H. Edwards) SUMMER AZURE a) neglecta ___ Celastrina sp. (undescribed species) CHERRY GALL AZURE ___ Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Doubleday) SILVERY BLUE a) couperi Grote ___ Plebejus idas (Linnaeus) NORTHERN BLUE a) scudderi (W.H. Edwards) ___ Plebejus melissa (W.H. Edwards) MELISSA (KARNER) BLUE a) samuelis Nabokov ___ Plebejus saepiolus (Boisduval) GREENISH BLUE a) amica (W.H. Edwards) ___ Plebejus glandon (de Prunner) ARCTIC BLUE d) franklinii (Curtis)

Family NYMPHALIDAE Swainson Subfamily Libyteinae Boisduval SNOUTS

___ Libytheana carienta (Cramer) AMERICAN SNOUT a) bachmanii (Kirtland)

Subfamily Argynninae Blanchard FRITILLARIES

___ Euptoieta claudia (Cramer) VARIEGATED FRITILLARY ___ Speyeria cybele (Fabricius) GREAT SPANGLED FRITILLARY a) cybele b) krautwurmi (Holland) ___ Speyeria aphrodite (Fabricius) APHRODITE FRITILLARY a) aphrodite b) alcestis (W.H. Edwards) ___ Speyeria idalia (Drury) REGAL FRITILLARY ___ Speyeria atlantis (W.H. Edwards) ATLANTIS FRITILLARY a) atlantis (W.H. Edwards) b) canadensis (dos Passos) ___ Boloria eunomia (Esper) BOG FRITILLARY a) triclaris (Hübner) b) dawsoni (Barnes & McDunnough) ___ Boloria selene [Denis & Schiffermuller] SILVER-BORDERED FRITILLARY a) atrocostalis (Huard)

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___ Boloria bellona (Fabricius) MEADOW FRITILLARY a) bellona b) toddi (Holland) ___ Boloria frigga (Thunberg) SAGA FRITILLARY a) saga (Staudinger) ___ Boloria freija (Thunberg) FREIJA FRITILLARY a) freija ___ Boloria chariclea (Schneider) ARCTIC FRITILLARY a) arctica (Zetterstedt) b) grandis (Barnes & McDunnough)

Subfamily Melitaeinae Grote CHECKERSPOTS AND CRESCENTS

___ Chlosyne gorgone (Hübner) GORGONE CHECKERSPOT a) carlota (Reakirt) ___ Chlosyne nycteis (Doubleday) SILVERY CHECKERSPOT a) nycteis ___ Chlosyne harrisii (Scudder) HARRIS’S CHECKERSPOT a) harrisii ___ Phyciodes tharos (Drury) PEARL CRESCENT a) tharos ___ Phyciodes cocyta (Cramer) NORTHERN CRESCENT ___ Phyciodes batesii (Reakirt) TAWNY CRESCENT a) batesii ___ Euphydryas phaeton (Drury) BALTIMORE CHECKERSPOT a) phaeton

Subfamily Nymphalinae Swainson ANGLEWINGS, TORTOISESHELLS, THISTLE BUTTERFLIES AND PEACOCKS

___ Polygonia interrogationis (Fabricius) QUESTION MARK = form “umbrosa” (Lintner) ___ Polygonia comma (Harris) EASTERN COMMA ___ Polygonia satyrus (W.H. Edwards) SATYR COMMA ___ Polygonia faunus (W.H. Edwards) GREEN COMMA a) faunus ___ Polygonia gracilis (Grote & Robinson) HOARY COMMA a) gracilis ___ Polygonia progne (Cramer) GREY COMMA ___ Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermuller]) COMPTON TORTOISESHELL a) j-album (Boisduval & Leconte) ___ Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus) MOURNING CLOAK ___ Aglais milberti (Godart) MILBERT’S TORTOISESHELL a) milberti ___ Vanessa virginiensis (Drury) AMERICAN LADY ___ Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus) PAINTED LADY ___ Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus) RED ADMIRAL a) rubria (Fruhstorfer) ___ Junonia coenia (Hübner) COMMON BUCKEYE a) coenia

Subfamily Limenitidinae Behr ADMIRALS

___ Limenitis arthemis (Drury) a) arthemis (Drury) WHITE ADMIRAL b) astyanax (Fabricius) RED-SPOTTED PURPLE ___ Limenitis archippus (Cramer) VICEROY a) archippus

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Subfamily Apaturinae Boisduval EMPERORS

___ Asterocampa celtis (Boisduval & Leconte) HACKBERRY EMPEROR a) celtis ___ Asterocampa clyton (Boisduval & Leconte) TAWNY EMPEROR a) clyton

Subfamily Satyrinae Boisduval SATYRS AND WOOD-NYMPHS

___ Enodia anthedon A.H. Clark NORTHERN PEARLY-EYE ___ Satyrodes eurydice (Linnaeus) EYED BROWN a) eurydice ___ Satyrodes appalachia (R.L. Chermock) APPALACHIAN BROWN a) leeuwi (Gatrelle & Arbogast) ___ Megisto cymela (Cramer) LITTLE WOOD-SATYR a) cymela ___ Coenonympha tullia (Müller) COMMON RINGLET a) inornata W.H. Edwards ___ Cercyonis pegala (Fabricius) COMMON WOOD-NYMPH a) nephele (W. Kirby) ___ Erebia mancinus Doubleday TAIGA ALPINE ___ Erebia discoidalis (W. Kirby) RED-DISKED ALPINE a) discoidalis ___ Oeneis macounii (W.H. Edwards) MACOUN’S ARCTIC ___ Oeneis chryxus (Doubleday & Hewitson) CHRYXUS ARCTIC a) strigulosa McDunnough b) calais (Scudder) ___ Oeneis jutta (Hübner) JUTTA ARCTIC b) ascerta Masters & Sorensen d) harperi F.H. Chermock ___ Oeneis melissa (Fabricius) MELISSA ARCTIC a) semplei Holland ___ Oeneis polixenes (Fabricius) POLIXENES ARCTIC a) beringianus Kurentzov

Subfamily Danainae Duponchel MILKWEED BUTTTERFLIES

___ Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus) MONARCH a) plexippus

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