Fonds Georges Bonnet (1837-1974)
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William Irvine on Britain, France and Appeasement: Anglo-French
Martin Thomas. Britain, France and Appeasement: Anglo-French Relations in the Popular Front Era. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1996. x + 268 pp. $105.00, cloth, ISBN 978-1-85973-187-1. Reviewed by William D. Irvine Published on H-France (September, 1997) When Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland in peasing them, but wanted to demonstrate to the March 1936, Anglo-French relations were at a British that if, as they were certain would be the post-war low. To the problems of the 1920s--repa‐ case, their appeasement efforts failed, the failure rations, war debts, the middle east--were added could not be blamed on French truculence. the tensions over re-armament, France's eastern The book is based on an very thorough alliances, the Franco-Italian rapprochement, the knowledge of the relevant French and British ar‐ Anglo-German naval agreement, and mutual re‐ chives. It is classic diplomatic history, but pays criminations over the Ethiopian crisis. In essence, due obeisance to the importance of fnancial mat‐ the French found the British to be insensitive to ters and, at least with respect to France, demon‐ their security needs; the British found the French strates some sensitivity to domestic politics. None‐ obsession with security to be inimical to an un‐ theless, there remains a great deal of what Mon‐ derstanding with Germany. Paradoxically, on Mar‐ sieur X said to Lord Y in this account. No crime tin Thomas' account, the election of the Popular that, but at times it is uncommonly hard to dig a Front government, so different ideologically from clear thesis out of this dense text. -
Vichy France and the Jews
VICHY FRANCE AND THE JEWS MICHAEL R. MARRUS AND ROBERT 0. PAXTON Originally published as Vichy et les juifs by Calmann-Levy 1981 Basic Books, Inc., Publishers New York Contents Introduction Chapter 1 / First Steps Chapter 2 / The Roots o f Vichy Antisemitism Traditional Images of the Jews 27 Second Wave: The Crises of the 1930s and the Revival of Antisemitism 34 The Reach of Antisemitism: How Influential Was It? 45 The Administrative Response 54 The Refugee Crisis, 1938-41 58 Chapter 3 / The Strategy o f Xavier Vallat, i 9 4 !-4 2 The Beginnings of German Pressure 77 Vichy Defines the Jewish Issue, 1941 83 Vallat: An Activist at Work 96 The Emigration Deadlock 112 Vallat’s Fall 115 Chapter 4 / The System at Work, 1040-42 The CGQJ and Other State Agencies: Rivalries and Border Disputes 128 Business as Usual 144 Aryanization 152 Emigration 161 The Camps 165 Chapter 5 / Public Opinion, 1040-42 The Climax of Popular Antisemitism 181 The DistriBution of Popular Antisemitism 186 A Special Case: Algeria 191 The Churches and the Jews 197 X C ontents The Opposition 203 An Indifferent Majority 209 Chapter 6 / The Turning Point: Summer 1Q42 215 New Men, New Measures 218 The Final Solution 220 Laval and the Final Solution 228 The Effort to Segregate: The Jewish Star 234 Preparing the Deportation 241 The Vel d’Hiv Roundup 250 Drancy 252 Roundups in the Unoccupied Zone 255 The Massacre of the Innocents 263 The Turn in PuBlic Opinion 270 Chapter 7 / The Darquier Period, 1942-44 281 Darquier’s CGQJ and Its Place in the Regime 286 Darquier’s CGQJ in Action 294 Total Occupation and the Resumption of Deportations 302 Vichy, the ABBé Catry, and the Massada Zionists 310 The Italian Interlude 315 Denaturalization, August 1943: Laval’s Refusal 321 Last Days 329 Chapter 8 / Conclusions: The Holocaust in France . -
Neville Chamberlain's Announcement of the Introduction of Conscription To
FRANCO-BRITISH RELATIONS AND THE QUESTION OF CONSCRIPTION IN BRITAIN, 1938-1939 ABSTRACT - This article examines the relationship interaction between the French campaign for the introduction of British conscription during 1938-39 and the ebbs and flows of British public opinion on the same issue. In particular, it will demonstrate how French pressure for conscription varied in intensity depending on their perceptions of British opinion on the subject. It was this interaction between diplomatic and domestic pressures that ultimately compelled the British government to introduce conscription in April 1939. Furthermore, the issue of conscription also sheds light on the wider issue of Franco-British relations, revealing how French foreign policy was neither dictated by an ‘English Governess’ nor pursued independently of Great Britain. When Neville Chamberlain announced the introduction of conscription to the House of Commons on 26 April 1939 he not only reneged on previous promises but deviated from the traditional British aversion to peacetime compulsory service. Chamberlain defended himself by arguing that current international tensions could not be described as ‘peace-time in any sense in which the term could fairly be used’.1 Nonetheless, introducing conscription – albeit in a limited form2 – was alien to British tradition. How, therefore, can the decision be explained? What motivated the government to take such a step? This article sheds new light on the British decision to implement conscription in April 1939, moving beyond existing analyses by showing that the decision was motivated not only by a fusion of domestic and international pressures but by the interaction of the two. More specifically, contends that French pressure for British conscription ebbed and flowed in direct correlation to the French government’s perceptions of the British public’s attitude towards compulsory military service. -
Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan) -
Yvon Delbos and Anthony Eden: Anglo-French Cooperation, 1936-38
1 YVON DELBOS AND ANTHONY EDEN: ANGLO-FRENCH COOPERATION, 1936-38 Glyn Stone Anthony Eden was appointed foreign secretary at the end of 1935 following the dismissal of Sir Samuel Hoare for his part in the infamous Hoare-Laval Pact. Yvon Delbos, a member of the Radical party, became French foreign minister six months later as a result of the victory of the Popular Front in the May 1936 elections. Eden resigned as foreign secretary on 20 February 1938. Delbos followed suit less than four weeks later on 14 March 1938. When he became foreign secretary at the age of thirty eight, Eden was already the ambitious, rising star of the Conservative party and had accumulated an impressive degree of experience in foreign affairs having been parliamentary private secretary to foreign secretary Austen Chamberlain between 1926 and 1929, under secretary of state for foreign affairs from September 1931 until January 1934 when he became lord privy seal, and then in June 1935 minister of league of nations affairs (without portfolio). In comparison, Delbos was far less experienced, as Robert Young has observed: Yvon Delbos went to the Quai d’Orsay in his early fifties, equipped with a respectable if unspectacular reputation as a competent member of the Chamber and as a journalist with special interest in foreign affairs. A quiet, moderate man of modest political ambitions…Significantly, in a political world renowned for its gastronomic and alcoholic excesses, here was one, a curiosity, who did not suffer from liver complaints. But he was not the sort of man from whom one could expect either brilliance or novelty in foreign policy.1 Yet, the two foreign ministers developed a good working relationship and contributed much to the improvement in Anglo-French relations after the Abyssinian debacle and the mutual recrimination of the Rhineland crisis. -
3534744675 Lp.Pdf
AUSGEWÄHLTE QUELLEN ZUR DEUTSCHEN GESCHICHTE DER NEUZEIT FREIHERR VOM STEIN-GEDÄCHTNISAUSGABE Begründet von Rudolf Buchner und fortgeführt von Winfried Baumgart Band XXXIV QUELLEN ZUR DEUTSCHEN AUSSENPOLITIK 1933-1939 Herausgegeben von FRIEDRICH KIESSLING Mit einem Vo rwort von Gregor Schöllgen WISSENSCHAFTLICHE BUCHGESELLSCHAFT DARMSTADT Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP Einheitsaufnahme Ein Titeldatensatz für diese Publikation ist bei Der Deutschen Bibliothek erhältlich. Die Deutsche Bibliothek- CIP Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data A catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek. Online-Recherche unter: For further information see: http://www.ddb.de/online/index.htm Bestellnummer 08026-2 Das Werk ist in allen seinen Teilen urheberrechdich geschützt. Jede Verwertung ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung in und Verarbeitung durch elektronische Systeme. © 2000 by Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und alterungsbeständigem Offsetpapier Satz: Fotosatz Janß, Pfungstadt Printed in Germany Schrift: Linotype Garamond, 9.5/11 ISBN 3-534-08026-2 ebook (PDF): ISBN 978-3-534-74467-1 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Abkürzungsverzeichnis IX Chronologisches Quellenverzeichnis XI Thematisches Quellenverzeichnis XV Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis XVII Vorwort . XXIX Einleitung Quellen . 23 Personen- und Sachregister 307 ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS AA Auswärtiges Amt AA/PA Auswärtiges Amt/Politisches Archiv Abteil. L Abteilung "Landesverteidigung" im Wehrmachtamt ADAP Akten zur Deutschen Auswärtigen Politik AdR Akten der Reichskanzlei AK Armeekorps AOK Armeeoberkommando DBFP Documents on British Foreign Policy DDF Documents Diplomatiques Fran<;ais DNB Deutsches Nachrichtenbüro Fstb Führungsstab Gen. Kdo Generalkommando GG Geschichte und Gesellschaft GWU Geschichte in Wissenschaft und Unterricht Hisma Compafiia de Transports Hispano-Marroqui HJ Hitler-Jugend H. of. C. House of Commons HZ Historische Zeitschrift i. -
Synarchy Movement of Empire Book Ii
SYNARCHY MOVEMENT OF EMPIRE BOOK II THE MODERN SYNARCHY INTERNATIONAL by Pierre Beaudry LAVAL BEASTMAN OF VICHY LEESBURG, Va. June 20, 2005 1 DEDICATION This book is dedicated to the LaRouche Youth Movement (LYM) worldwide, and particularly to the French LYM, who deserve to know the truth about French history and world affairs. Previous generations of French citizens had settled their accounts with their immediate past history by either going to war, or by getting involved into absurd coups d'Etat, however, they never knew why they were doing so. My generation of Bohemian Bourgeois (BoBos) has not done that; it didn't care to do anything for history, nor for the future generations. It was only interested in lying and in taking care of "Me, Me, Me!" The problem that the youth of today are face with is that the truth about the French Revolution, about Napoleon Bonaparte, about the Synarchy, about the destruction of the Third Republic, or about Vichy has never been told. So, either the truth comes out now, and finally exorcises the French population as a whole, once and forever, or else the French nation is doomed to repeat the same mistakes of the past, again and again. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS BOOK II THE MODERN SYNARCHY INTERNATIONAL 1.1 SAINT YVES D'ALVEYDRE: THE SYNARCHY OF A ONE-WORLD EMPIRE …………… 8 ***** 1.2 INTRODUCTION 2.2 AGAINST THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA AND AMERICA 3.2 A SYNARCHIST CONSTITUTION FOR EUROPE 4.2 SYNARCHIST ALLIANCE AGAINST ISLAM AND THE "TARTARS" 5.2 THE EXCLUSION OF ISLAM 6.2 SAINT-YVES D'ALVEYDRE, A VICTIM OF BIPOLARITY 7.2 THE HATRED OF PLATO AND OF {AGAPE} 8.2 THE CREATION OF THE {ORDRE MARTINISTE ET SYNARCHIQUE} 9.2 THE MYSTICAL ORIGINS OF THE SYNARCHY DOCTRINE 10.2 EISENHOWER INVITED TO HEAD THE AMERICAN SYNARCHY . -
London, Washington, and the Management of the Franc, 1936-39
PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, NO. 45 London, Washington, and the Management of the Franc, 1936-39 Ian M. Drummond INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY • 1979 - PRINCETON STUDIES , IN INTERNATIONAL. FINANCE This is the forty-fifth nurnber, in the series PRINCETON STUDIES IN IN- TERNATIONAL FINANCE, published from time to time by the .Interna- tional Finance Section of the Department of, Economics at Princeton University. The author, Ian M. Drummond, is a professor in the Department of Political Economy at the University of Toronto. He has also taught at Yale University and, as a visitor, at Princeton University and the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. Among his recent publications are British 'Eco- nomic Policy and the Empire, 1919.-1939, Imperial Economic Policy, 1917=1939, and Economics: Principles and Policies in an Open Econ- omy. / This series is intended to be restricted to meritorious research stud- ies in the general field of international financial problems that are too technical, too specialized, or too long to qualify as ESSAYS. The Section welcomes the submission of manuscripts for the series. While the 'Sec- tion ,sponsors the studies, the writers are free to develop their topics as they will. • PETER B. BENEN Director, International Finance Section PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE NO. 45 London, Washington, and the Management of the Franc, 1936-39 Ian M. Drummond INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY NOVEMBER 1979 CONTENTS CAST OF CHARACTERS V 1 INTRODUCTION 1 The Tripartite Declarations 1 Historical Backdrop 3 Attitudes toward Cooperation and Mutual Support 4 2 BLUM AND AURIOL 9 3 CHAUTEMPS AND BONNET 16 4 CHAUTEMPS AND MARCHANDEAU 26 5 BLUM ONCE MORE 30 6 DALADIER AND MARCHANDEAU 32 7 TRANQUILLITY WITH DALADIER AND REYNAUD 39 8 MORGENTHAU AND THE FRENCH: CREDIT AND EXCHANGE CONTROL 42 9 SOME CONCLUSIONS 53 REFERENCES 57 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION EDITORIAL STAFF Peter B. -
A History of the French in London Liberty, Equality, Opportunity
A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity Edited by Debra Kelly and Martyn Cornick A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity A history of the French in London liberty, equality, opportunity Edited by Debra Kelly and Martyn Cornick LONDON INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Published by UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU First published in print in 2013. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY- NCND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN 978 1 909646 48 3 (PDF edition) ISBN 978 1 905165 86 5 (hardback edition) Contents List of contributors vii List of figures xv List of tables xxi List of maps xxiii Acknowledgements xxv Introduction The French in London: a study in time and space 1 Martyn Cornick 1. A special case? London’s French Protestants 13 Elizabeth Randall 2. Montagu House, Bloomsbury: a French household in London, 1673–1733 43 Paul Boucher and Tessa Murdoch 3. The novelty of the French émigrés in London in the 1790s 69 Kirsty Carpenter Note on French Catholics in London after 1789 91 4. Courts in exile: Bourbons, Bonapartes and Orléans in London, from George III to Edward VII 99 Philip Mansel 5. The French in London during the 1830s: multidimensional occupancy 129 Máire Cross 6. Introductory exposition: French republicans and communists in exile to 1848 155 Fabrice Bensimon 7. -
Gardes Des Sceaux En France, D'hier Et D'aujourd'hui
GARDES DES SCEAUX EN FRANCE D’HIER ET D’AUJOURD’HUI GARDES DESGARDES D’AUJOURD’HUI ET D’HIER EN FRANCE, SCEAUX GARDES DES SCEAUX EN FRANCE D’HIER ET D’AUJOURD’HUI ÉDITO Depuis près de 300 ans, sans interruption, la Chancellerie située place Vendôme, accueille les chanceliers de France, gardes des sceaux et ministres de la justice.Une fonction qui existe, elle, depuis 1545. Située sur l’une des plus prestigieuses places de Paris, la Chancellerie témoigne en ces lieux de la pérennité de l’État. Danton, d’Aguesseau, Cambacérès ... les noms de personnalités illustres résonnent dans l’hôtel de Bourvallais comme pour en scander l’histoire. Tous y ont laissé leur empreinte. Extension, embellissement de l’hôtel d’une part, affirmation de la fonction de ministre de la justice de l’autre, ainsi se sont entremêlés pendant près de trois siècles architecture, art et politique. GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME FRANÇOIS OLIVIER 28 avril 1545 - 22 mai 1551 Rois de France : François Ier et Henri II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 5 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME JEAN DE BERTRAND 22 mai 1551- 10 juillet 1559 Roi de France : Henri II © Château de Versailles, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais/image château de Versailles 6 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME FRANÇOIS OLIVIER 10 juillet 1559 - 2 janvier 1560 Roi de France : François II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 7 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME JEAN DE MORVILLIER fin avril 1560 - 2 juin 1560 Roi de France : François II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 8 GARDES -
Le 7 Mars 1936
LE 7 MARS 1936 On s'explique mal que l'histoire courante, même quand" elle nous est contemporaine à une génération près, comme celle des dernières années de la IIP République, puisse abriter certaines lé gendes qu'un simple examen des faits et des dates suffit pourtant à dissiper. y Une des plus tenaces, dans l'opinion moyenne, a trait à l'oc cupation par Hitler de la zone démilitarisée de la Rhénanie, en mars 1936, et à l'attitude du gouvernement dans cette circonstance mémorable. Il est peu de Français, parmi ceux qui s'intéressent encore à la politique, qui ne s'en tiennent, de très bonne foi, à la version suivante : A la nouvelle, le samedi 7 mars, que la Wehrmacht vient d'en trer en Rhénanie neutre et de s'y installer, Albert Sarraut, pré sident du Conseil, prend sur lui de faire diffuser, le jour même, une déclaration de bravoure : « Nous ne laisserons pas Stras bourg sous les canons allemands !... » Mais Voici que, le lende main, les ministres réunis à l'EJysée, après une discussion ora geuse où quelques-uns d'entre eux — les « durs » — poussent à une action de force immédiate, tandis que les autres, et notam ment le ministre de la Guerre, n'entendent recourir aux armes que si l'on est prêt à décréter la mobilisation générale, décident à ta majorité de s'abstenir de toute intervention, désavouant ainsi le chef du gouvernement et mettant la France dans une posture d'autant moins honorable que le succès d'une opération militaire eût été, en l'occurrence, assuré. -
Page 543 H-France Review Vol. 2 (December 2002), No. 135 Kenneth
H-France Review Volume 2 (2002) Page 543 H-France Review Vol. 2 (December 2002), No. 135 Kenneth Mouré and Martin Alexander, Eds., Crisis and Renewal in France, 1918-1962. New York: Berghahn Books, 2002. vii + 312 pp. $75.00 U.S. (cl). Notes, list of contributors, and index. ISBN 1- 57181-146-X. Review by Irwin Wall, University of California, Riverside. Any compendium of essays presents unique challenges to the reviewer, and this one is no exception. The hardest part is finding a unifying theme. Of course the authors offer one: they argue that unlike Stanley Hoffmann's lament about the 1930s, when the "stalemate society" caused France to collapse, today France has met the challenges of the modern era: it is a stable industrial democracy with a high standard of living, one of the few very privileged countries of the world. The essays in the volume are devoted to showing how particular challenges or crises did or did not result in the necessary "renewal" in the political and social development of modern France, with the implied happy ending. There is a sub-text, too, purporting to demonstrate that where crisis was not met, and change was successfully opposed, crisis nevertheless served to break down resistance to renewal. But nations are almost always in crisis, and they are always responding to crisis and attempting renewal; it would seem that is what politics is all about. France had 120 cabinet "crises" alone during the seventy years of the Third Republic's existence. Crisis was endemic and permanent in all walks of life; it provides the broadest and hence least meaningful of conceptual frameworks, and yet it still is not enough to unify the essays, for the authors only episodically frame their essays in terms of crisis and renewal in the first place.