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Fiji's Tale of Contemporary Misadventure

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Fiji's Tale of Contemporary Misadventure Index affirmative action, 3, 5, 70, 86–88, apartheid comparisons, 3, 25, 103, 125, 147, 168, 178–179, 194, 117–119 222, 224 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 8, 312 African, Caribbean and Pacific Group Apted, Jon, 252 of States (ACP), 140, 148, 280 Asian Development Bank (ADB), Agricultural Landlord and Tenant Act 223, 237, 262, 303, 308 (ALTA), 51, 90, 247 Australia agriculture, see under economic 1987 coup reactions, 100–101, performance 103, 106 Ah Koy, Jim, 116, 142, 261 2000 coup reactions, 136, aid 142, 143 cyclone aid, 306 2006 coup reactions, 192, 201– impact of coups, 68, 205, 215, 206, 215, 225–226, 235–237, 235–236, 237, 249, 259–260 244, 255–264, 279–283 impact on development, 31, 44 development aid, 44 restoration of aid, 280 garment industry, 80–81, 83–85 Air Pacific, 88, 286 relations with FijiFirst, 293–294 Ali, Ahmed, 53 tourism, 95–96, 249 Ali, Shamima, 213–214, 223, trade, 42 243, 245 voting system, 125 Alliance Party and government Australia–Fiji Business Forum, 282, 1980s, 44–61, 291 293 formation, 38 Aziz, Brigadier General Mohammed, post-1987 political involvement, 266–267 64–65, 68, 74–75, 77, 79–81, 100, 134, 217 postcolonial development, 40, 43 Ba Kei Viti (BKV), 175–176 Rabuka on the Alliance, 127 Baba, Jale, 193, 212 alternative vote system, 125, 130–131, Baba, Tupeni, 135, 137, 175, 195 175 Bainimarama, Rear Admiral Voreqe Amnesty International, 252, 309 (Frank), 5, 10, 313–316 Anthony, Felix, 197, 244, 270 background, 150, 313 Anthony, James (Jim), 43, 234 comparisons with Kemal Atatürk, 228 345 THE GENERAL’s Goose constitutional change, 271–274, Bose ni Turaga, 160, 230 276 bourgeoisie, see under development coup 3, 138, 140, 148–150, Brown, Harry, 303 153–154, 156–167 Browne, Joe, 143, 156 coup 4, 225–238, 240–241, Buadromo, Virisila, 193, 212–213, 245–250, 254–264 238, 245 election 2014, 283–286, 288–291 Bulanauca, Mitieli, 186 FijiFirst, 293–300, 302–303, Bulitavu, Mosese, 299, 301 306–310, 318 Bune, Poseci, 144, 175, 197, military divisions, 150, 163–167, 218, 220 266–269 Burebasaga confederacy, 216, relations with Australia, 279–283 245, 284 relations with SDL, 169, 173– Burns Philp, see under development— 174, 182–197, 199–205 postcolonial development Bale, Qoriniasi, 183 Burns, Alan, 44 Baledrokadroka, Lt Col Jone 148, Butadroka, Sakeasi, 49–50, 59, 71, 161, 165–166, 182, 191–192, 79, 105, 109–110, 113–116, 127, 194, 200, 231 130, 312 Baleinamau, Lt Penaia, 143 Byrne, John, see under justice system Ball, Nicole, 66 see also Royal (Republic of) Fiji Military Forces Banuve, Joji, 25 Caine, Fred, 114 Baran, Paul, see under development Cakanauto, Ratu Tu’uakitau, 137 Barbour, Paul, 94 Cakaudrove, 14, 61–62, 102, 116, Barr, Kevin, 304 170, 175 Barrett, Tia, 171 Cakobau, Adi Litia, 160, 170, 188 Batley, James, 237, 259 Cakobau, Adi Samanunu, 160–161, Bau, 12, 13, 14, 17–18, 52–53, 63, 170 see also Talakuli, Adi 98–99, 105, 154, 208–209, 272, Samanunu 299, 311 Cakobau, Rau Seru, 13–14, 17, 99 Bavadra, Timoci, 114, 133, 207, 312, Callick, Rowan, 282, 286 315, 317 Cameron, John, 99, 234 formation of the FLP, 55–60, 61 Carr, Bob, 279–282 on tradition and politics, 127 Catholic Church, see under religion relations with post 1987 Caucau, Adi Asenaca, 25 administrations, 78, 99–112 Caucau, Re. Ratu Isireli, 105–106 Beddoes, Mick, 175, 238, 276, Cawthorne, Pamela, 84 see also 300–301 garment industry Bergin, Anthony, 281 census, 193, 224–225 Bishop, Julie, 280, 282, 293 Cession, 14, 17–18, 23–24, 39, 181 Bokini, Ratu Ovini, 214, 216 Chaudhry, Mahendra, 147, 271, 310 Bole, Filipe, 217 coup 3, 141, 143–144, 174, Bose Ko Viti, 245 179–180, 194, 196–199 Bose Levu Vakaturaga, see under coup 4, 215, 218, 231 Great Council of Chiefs 346 INdex election 2014, 288 class, 8, 211, 311–312 Fiji Water, 265–266 nature of colonial struggles, FLP leadership, 112–113 22–24, 43 formation of the FLP, 56 pluralism and dependency, 26, NFU strikes, 107–109 31–32 People’s Coalition, 131–133, postcolonialism, 34–37, 43 135–137 post-coup legacies, 70, 85–87, relationship with Rabuka, 115 114, 168–169 tax scandal, 233–234 the idea of class in 1987, 54–58 Chaudhry, Rajendra, 133, 271 Cleaver, Todd, 259 chicken industry, see under economic Clinton, Hillary, 262 performance—agriculture clothing industry see economic chiefs, 2–4, 52–53, 65, 78, 99, 108, performance—garment industry 132, 268, 282 Coalition for Democracy in Fiji, 269 19th-century strategies, 13–14, Coalition government, see under Fiji 17–18, 311 Labour Party coup 1 and 2, 74, 77, 99 Cokanasiga, Joketani, 233 coup 3, 151, 153–154, 160, 162, Collier, Paul, 65, 67–68 see also Royal 171–173, 175, 180 (Republic of) Fiji Military Forces coup 4, 216–217, 222, 228–230, Colo, 5, 12, 14, 18, 23, 40, 90, 311 312–314 Colonial Sugar Refinery Company early 20th-century strategies, 23– (CSR), see under economic 24, 33, 39, 41, 44, 47, 49–50 performance—agriculture—sugar land reforms, 248, 284 colonialism, 6–7, 23, 49, 177, 315 post-independence role and colonial economy, 15–20, 21, 23, status, 57, 78, 85, 87, 89, 92, 33–34 colonial indirect rule, 6, 17 155, 229 establishment, 13–21, 311 Rabuka on chiefs, 78, 315 impact, 26–28, 31–33, 38–40 SDL, 200–203, 206 commoners, 2, 4, 11, 63, 78, 92, SODELPA, 284, 298–299, 301 111, 114, 151 status, 11, 102–103, 111, 299 Commonwealth, 78, 126, 215, 227, SVT, 115, 118 257, 259 China, 16, 32, 39, 81, 123, 266, Commonwealth Ministerial Action 280, 294 Group, 256, 263 China Development Bank, 280 communal (communalism), 26, early trade, 11, 15 38, 44, 50, 56, 111, 125, 127, post-2006 relations, 235, 250, 130–131, 224, 228, 291–292, 256, 259–263, 281 311–314, 317 see also pluralism; Sinohydro, 280 tradition Christianity, see under religion Confederation of Blue Collar Workers Citizens’ Constitutional Forum Unions, see under unions (CCF), 174, 176, 208, 213, 229, Conservative Alliance Matanitu 254, 277–278 Vanua (CAMV), 175–177, 181, Clark, Helen, 204, 236 184, 195, 200 347 THE GENERAL’s Goose constitutions constitutional issues, 4, 51, 57, 1970, 25, 37, 39, 50, 62, 76, 66, 69, 132, 154, 227, 246, 127, 312 289, 302, 311, 317 1990, 2, 74, 76–78, 99–104, Constitutional Review Committee 106–108, 111–114, 117, 2000–2001, 173–174 123–126, 147, 187, 207, corruption, 59, 119, 122, 189, 208, 279, 299, 313 215, 217, 221, 230, 241, 243, Constitutional Inquiry and 269, 282, 317 Advisory Committee Counter Revolutionary Warfare (CIAC), 101–102, 104 Unit (CRWU), see under Royal Constitutional Review (Republic of) Fiji Military Forces Committee, 76 coups, 1–5, 9, 51, 111, 116, 119, 1997, 5, 125–126, 129–130, 132, 133, 166–167, 179, 271, 273, 136–137,155, 157, 167–168, 276–277, 281, 297, 309–310, 171–174, 178, 187 196–198, 313–314 see also Royal (Republic 209, 214, 216–218, 225, 227, of) Fiji Military Forces 238–243, 248, 255, 258, 271, 1 (14 April 1987), 1, 19, 100, 284, 313–314 104, 119, 130, 140, 147, 191, Constitutional Review 207–208, 215, 217, 221, 252, Committee, 124 279, 312 impact of coup 3, 176, 179– execution, 64–65 180, 185 planning, 63–64 impact of coup 4, 207, 209– repercussions, 70–76, 106– 211, 214–215, 218, 223, 108, 121–122, 129–130 227, 239, 248 2 (25 September 1987), 208, 241 2012, FCC (Ghai) draft 273–275, Deuba Accord, 77, 98 277, 281, 318 execution, 77–80 2013, 207, 225, 246–247, 269– Internal Security Decree 279, 281, 284, 295, 296–297, (ISD), 99–102, 231 309, 314, 318 Sunday Observance Decree (or Bill of Rights, 277 Sunday ban), 77, 99, 104– Constituent Assembly, 270, 105, 108, 123, 127, 133 272, 275–276 3 (19 May 2000), 5, 9, 18, 45, 57, Constitution Commission, 168, 202, 222, 252, 271, 313 247, 270–272, 275, 277 execution, 144–162 Constitutional Offices planning, 136–144 Commission, 278 repercussions, 167–168, 170– Constitutional Services 173, 176–177, 180–188, Commission, 300 191, 205 Fiji Constitution Process 4 (5 December 2006), 10, 244, (Constitution Commission 268, 279, 299, 314 Amendment) Decree, 272 execution, 207–218 National People’s Assembly, Muanikau Accord, 160, 274, 276 162, 164 348 INdex origins, 188–195, 200–206 foreign flower, 154, 180 repercussions, 218–240 Khilnani, Sunil, 318 4.5 (9 April 2009), 241–251 pressure for restoration, 226–227, Leaders of Political Parties 235–237, 255–263, 279–282, (LOPP), 227 293–294 National Council for Building undemocratic reactions, 66–69, a Better Fiji (NCBBF), 72–73, 178–182, 193, 222–223, 225, 239 206–211 National Dialogue Forum, 246 dependency, see under development People’s Charter, see under Deuba Accord, see under coups—2 People’s Charter development, 3–4, 6–8, 10, 79, 177, President’s Political Dialogue 210–211, 224, 261, 291, 312 Forum (PPDF), 227, 240, Baran, Paul, 31 246, 256 bourgeoisie, 33–38, 71, 86–87, Strategic Framework for 115 Change, 246–247 colonial development, 15–21, 26 travel bans, 225, 236–237, Davis, Mike, 15 258–260, 262, 280–281 dependency, 31–32, 35–36, 73, coup costs, 167, 219, 249, 97, 307 287, 317 East Asian ‘little tigers’, 82–83 Coup-Coup land, 3, 209, 313 Frank, Andre Gunder, 31 courts, see justice system Godfrey, Martin, 35 Coventry, Roger, see under justice import substitution system industrialisation (ISI), 29–31, cyclones, 53–54, 56 40–41, 289 Cyclone Winston, 305–308 in the 1990s, 80–97 Help for Homes, 307–308 in the 2000s, 133–136, 168–169, 180, 219–220 in the 2010s, 249–250, 287–298, Dakai, Serupepeli, 163 295–296, 303–305 Dakuvula, Jone, 185, 213 industrialisation, 16, 28–30, Datt, Krishna, 112, 196–197, 271 83–85 Daveta, Berenado, 156 Kaplinsky, Ralphie, 35 Davis, Graham, 208, 256, 263 Leys, Colin, 35 Davis, Mike, see under development postcolonial
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