Legal Term for Cheating on Wife
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Descriptive Analysis of Georgia High School Teachers' Perceptions of Academic Dishonesty
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2007 Descriptive Analysis of Georgia High School Teachers' Perceptions of Academic Dishonesty Amy Manning Rowland Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Rowland, Amy Manning, "Descriptive Analysis of Georgia High School Teachers' Perceptions of Academic Dishonesty" (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 215. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/215 This dissertation (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF GEORGIA HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY by AMY MANNING ROWLAND (Under the Direction of Walter Polka) ABSTRACT This research study was conducted with the assistance of Georgia high school teachers for the purpose of examining teachers’ perceptions of academic dishonesty during the 2006-2007 school year. Data were gathered to establish teachers’ perceptions of academic dishonesty by exploring what behaviors teachers felt to be academically dishonest, how teachers addressed such occurrences, whether teachers felt any internal conflict regarding academic dishonesty, whether any external pressures were involved in instances of academic dishonesty, and how these experiences affected teachers’ attitudes toward their profession. Results of the study indicated that high school teachers in Georgia consider academic dishonesty to be a prevalent problem. Teachers consider some types of academic dishonesty to be more serious than other types of academic dishonesty. -
Educator Cheating 1
Educator Cheating 1 Thesis Equivalency Project -- Educator Cheating: Classification, Explanation, and Detection Brad Thiessen Educator Cheating 2 Tests are only useful if they provide accurate information. To ensure the scores obtained from a test will be accurate, test developers spend considerable time, effort, and money to carefully develop test specifications, test items, and administration and scoring procedures. This effort is wasted if examinees cheat on the test. Cheating invalidates the decisions made on the basis of test scores. In general, cheating is defined as: Cheating: to deprive of something valuable by the use of deceit or fraudulent means to violate rules dishonestly (Merriam-Webster online dictionary) Gregory Cizek, author of the book Cheating on Tests: How To Do It, Detect It, and Prevent It , provides a definition of cheating specific to educational testing. Cizek defines cheating as: Cheating: an attempt, by deception or fraudulent means, to represent oneself as possessing knowledge that one does not actually possess (Cizek, 1999, p.3) Student Cheating Research in cheating on educational tests (the prevalence of cheating, reasons for cheating, and techniques to prevent cheating) has typically focused on the examinees – the students. This research usually takes one of the five following forms: 1. Confession Surveys: Students are asked to confess to cheating they have done in the past. Obviously, it may be difficult to get accurate information from these surveys (even if randomized response techniques are used to encourage students to tell the truth). 2. Accusation Surveys: Students are asked about the behaviors of their peers in regards to cheating. 3. Observations: Student behaviors are observed during test-taking. -
International Child Abduction the Hague Convention on Child
INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON CHILD ABDUCTION HAGUE CASES The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction 1980 is implemented in the jurisdiction of England and Wales through the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985 - for the return of the children who have been wrongfully removed or retained from a signatory state and (through Article 21) for issues of international contact. The United Kingdom comprises of 3 separate entities; Northern Ireland, Scotland and England and Wales. Each of those entities have their own separate Central Authority and each implement the Convention through their own domestic law. If a child is removed from a Hague state to England, proceedings will be brought in the High Court in England, if a child is removed from a Hague state to Scotland the proceedings will be brought to the Court of Sessions in Edinburgh and so forth. Proceedings under the Hague Convention are always heard at High Court Level. BRINGING A HAGUE CASE Documents Required A succinct outline of the relevant facts is needed. These must show (a) the Children are habitually resident (i.e. living) in the home state and (b) that the removal/retention was in breach of a custody right i.e. that the child’s country of residence cannot be changed without the consent of the other parent or Guardian or without the consent of the Court. It is not necessary for there to be a prior foreign order in order to make an application in the receiving state for the return of a child. -
Competing Theories of Blackmail: an Empirical Research Critique of Criminal Law Theory
Competing Theories of Blackmail: An Empirical Research Critique of Criminal Law Theory Paul H. Robinson,* Michael T. Cahill** & Daniel M. Bartels*** The crime of blackmail has risen to national media attention because of the David Letterman case, but this wonderfully curious offense has long been the favorite of clever criminal law theorists. It criminalizes the threat to do something that would not be criminal if one did it. There exists a rich liter- ature on the issue, with many prominent legal scholars offering their accounts. Each theorist has his own explanation as to why the blackmail offense exists. Most theories seek to justify the position that blackmail is a moral wrong and claim to offer an account that reflects widely shared moral intuitions. But the theories make widely varying assertions about what those shared intuitions are, while also lacking any evidence to support the assertions. This Article summarizes the results of an empirical study designed to test the competing theories of blackmail to see which best accords with pre- vailing sentiment. Using a variety of scenarios designed to isolate and test the various criteria different theorists have put forth as “the” key to blackmail, this study reveals which (if any) of the various theories of blackmail proposed to date truly reflects laypeople’s moral judgment. Blackmail is not only a common subject of scholarly theorizing but also a common object of criminal prohibition. Every American jurisdiction criminalizes blackmail, although there is considerable variation in its formulation. The Article reviews the American statutes and describes the three general approaches these provisions reflect. -
The Unnecessary Crime of Conspiracy
California Law Review VOL. 61 SEPTEMBER 1973 No. 5 The Unnecessary Crime of Conspiracy Phillip E. Johnson* The literature on the subject of criminal conspiracy reflects a sort of rough consensus. Conspiracy, it is generally said, is a necessary doctrine in some respects, but also one that is overbroad and invites abuse. Conspiracy has been thought to be necessary for one or both of two reasons. First, it is said that a separate offense of conspiracy is useful to supplement the generally restrictive law of attempts. Plot- ters who are arrested before they can carry out their dangerous schemes may be convicted of conspiracy even though they did not go far enough towards completion of their criminal plan to be guilty of attempt.' Second, conspiracy is said to be a vital legal weapon in the prosecu- tion of "organized crime," however defined.' As Mr. Justice Jackson put it, "the basic conspiracy principle has some place in modem crimi- nal law, because to unite, back of a criniinal purpose, the strength, op- Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley. A.B., Harvard Uni- versity, 1961; J.D., University of Chicago, 1965. 1. The most cogent statement of this point is in Note, 14 U. OF TORONTO FACULTY OF LAW REv. 56, 61-62 (1956): "Since we are fettered by an unrealistic law of criminal attempts, overbalanced in favour of external acts, awaiting the lit match or the cocked and aimed pistol, the law of criminal conspiracy has been em- ployed to fill the gap." See also MODEL PENAL CODE § 5.03, Comment at 96-97 (Tent. -
The Boundaries of Vicarious Liability: an Economic Analysis of the Scope of Employment Rule and Related Legal Doctrines
University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 1987 The Boundaries of Vicarious Liability: An Economic Analysis of the Scope of Employment Rule and Related Legal Doctrines Alan O. Sykes Follow this and additional works at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/journal_articles Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Alan O. Sykes, "The Boundaries of Vicarious Liability: An Economic Analysis of the Scope of Employment Rule and Related Legal Doctrines," 101 Harvard Law Review 563 (1987). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME 101 JANUARY 1988 NUMBER 3 HARVARD LAW REVIEW1 ARTICLES THE BOUNDARIES OF VICARIOUS LIABILITY: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SCOPE OF EMPLOYMENT RULE AND RELATED LEGAL DOCTRINES Alan 0. Sykes* 441TICARIOUS liability" may be defined as the imposition of lia- V bility upon one party for a wrong committed by another party.1 One of its most common forms is the imposition of liability on an employer for the wrong of an employee or agent. The imposition of vicarious liability usually depends in part upon the nature of the activity in which the wrong arises. For example, if an employee (or "servant") commits a tort within the ordinary course of business, the employer (or "master") normally incurs vicarious lia- bility under principles of respondeat superior. If the tort arises outside the "scope of employment," however, the employer does not incur liability, absent special circumstances. -
Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect
STATE STATUTES Current Through March 2019 WHAT’S INSIDE Defining child abuse or Definitions of Child neglect in State law Abuse and Neglect Standards for reporting Child abuse and neglect are defined by Federal Persons responsible for the child and State laws. At the State level, child abuse and neglect may be defined in both civil and criminal Exceptions statutes. This publication presents civil definitions that determine the grounds for intervention by Summaries of State laws State child protective agencies.1 At the Federal level, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment To find statute information for a Act (CAPTA) has defined child abuse and neglect particular State, as "any recent act or failure to act on the part go to of a parent or caregiver that results in death, https://www.childwelfare. serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, gov/topics/systemwide/ or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that laws-policies/state/. presents an imminent risk of serious harm."2 1 States also may define child abuse and neglect in criminal statutes. These definitions provide the grounds for the arrest and prosecution of the offenders. 2 CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-320), 42 U.S.C. § 5101, Note (§ 3). Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS 800.394.3366 | Email: [email protected] | https://www.childwelfare.gov Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov CAPTA defines sexual abuse as follows: and neglect in statute.5 States recognize the different types of abuse in their definitions, including physical abuse, The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. -
Advance Sheets 305 Nebraska Reports STATE V
Nebraska Supreme Court Online Library www.nebraska.gov/apps-courts-epub/ 09/29/2021 03:25 PM CDT - 415 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 305 Nebraska Reports STATE v. STABLER Cite as 305 Neb. 415 State of Nebraska, appellee, v. Eddy D. Stabler, appellant. ___ N.W.2d ___ Filed March 27, 2020. No. S-19-360. 1. Jury Instructions. Whether the jury instructions given by a trial court are correct is a question of law. 2. Judgments: Appeal and Error. When reviewing questions of law, an appellate court resolves the questions independently of the conclusion reached by the lower court. 3. Convictions: Evidence: Appeal and Error. Regardless of whether the evidence is direct, circumstantial, or a combination thereof, and regardless of whether the issue is labeled as a failure to direct a verdict, insufficiency of the evidence, or failure to prove a prima facie case, the standard is the same: In reviewing a criminal conviction, an appellate court does not resolve conflicts in the evidence, pass on the credibility of witnesses, or reweigh the evidence; such matters are for the finder of fact, and a conviction will be affirmed, in the absence of prejudicial error, if the evidence admitted at trial, viewed and construed most favor- ably to the State, is sufficient to support the conviction. 4. Sentences: Appeal and Error. An appellate court will not disturb a sen- tence imposed within the statutory limits absent an abuse of discretion by the trial court. 5. Jury Instructions: Proof: Appeal and Error. To establish reversible error from a court’s refusal to give a requested instruction, an appel- lant has the burden to show that (1) the tendered instruction is a correct statement of the law, (2) the tendered instruction is warranted by the evidence, and (3) the appellant was prejudiced by the court’s refusal to give the tendered instruction. -
A Distributive Theory of Criminal Law
William & Mary Law Review Volume 52 (2010-2011) Issue 1 Article 2 October 2010 A Distributive Theory of Criminal Law Aya Gruber [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Criminal Law Commons Repository Citation Aya Gruber, A Distributive Theory of Criminal Law, 52 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1 (2010), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol52/iss1/2 Copyright c 2010 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr William and Mary Law Review VOLUME 52 NO. 1, 2010 A DISTRIBUTIVE THEORY OF CRIMINAL LAW AYA GRUBER* ABSTRACT In criminal law circles, the accepted wisdom is that there are two and only two true justifications of punishmentretributivism and utilitarianism. The multitude of moral claims about punishment may thus be reduced to two propositions: (1) punishment should be imposed because defendants deserve it, and (2) punishment should be imposed because it makes society safer. At the same time, most penal scholars notice the trend in criminal law to de-emphasize intent, centralize harm, and focus on victims, but they largely write off this trend as an irrational return to antiquated notions of vengeance. This Article asserts that there is in fact a distributive logic to the changes in current criminal law. The distributive theory of criminal law holds that an offender ought to be punished, not because he is culpable or because punishment increases net security, but because punishment appropriately distributes pleasure and pain between the offender and victim. -
July 25, 2019 NACDL OPPOSES AFFIRMATVE CONSENT
July 25, 2019 NACDL OPPOSES AFFIRMATVE CONSENT RESOLUTION ABA RESOLUTION 114 NACDL opposes ABA Resolution 114. Resolution 114 urges legislatures to adopt affirmative consent requirements that re-define consent as: the assent of a person who is competent to give consent to engage in a specific act of sexual penetration, oral sex, or sexual contact, to provide that consent is expressed by words or action in the context of all the circumstances . The word “assent” generally refers to an express agreement. In addition the resolution dictates that consent must be “expressed by words or actions.” The resolution calls for a new definition of consent in sexual assault cases that would require expressed affirmative consent to every sexual act during the course of a sexual encounter. 1. Burden-Shifting in Violation of Due Process and Presumption of Innocence: NACDL opposes ABA Resolution 114 because it shifts the burden of proof by requiring an accused person to prove affirmative consent to each sexual act rather than requiring the prosecution to prove lack of consent. The resolution assumes guilt in the absence of any evidence regarding consent. This radical change in the law would violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments and the Presumption of Innocence. It offends fundamental and well-established notions of justice. Specifically, Resolution 114 urges legislatures to re-define consent as “the assent of a person who is competent to give consent to engage in a specific act of sexual penetration, oral sex, or sexual contact, to provide that consent is expressed by words or action in the context of all the circumstances . -
Exception from Informed Consent Requirements for Emergency Research
Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Guidance for Institutional Review Boards, Clinical Investigators, and Sponsors Exception from Informed Consent Requirements for Emergency Research U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Office of Good Clinical Practice Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Center for Devices and Radiological Health March 2011 Updated April 2013 Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Guidance for Institutional Review Boards, Clinical Investigators, and Sponsors Exception from Informed Consent Requirements for Emergency Research Office of Communication Division of Drug Information, WO51, Room 2201 Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring, MD 20993 Phone: 301-796-3400; Fax: 301-847-8714 [email protected] http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/index.htm and/or Office of Communication, Outreach and Development (HFM-40) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 1401 Rockville Pike, Suite 200N Rockville, MD 20852-1448 http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/default.htm 1-800-835-4709 or 301-827-1800 and/or Division of Small Manufacturers, International, and Consumer Assistance (HFZ-220) Office of Communication, Education and Radiation Programs Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health Office of Communication, Education and Radiation Programs 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO66-4621 Silver -
Information for Marriage License Applicants
INFORMATION FOR MARRIAGE LICENSE APPLICANTS Marriage License Issuance between 8:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Fee: $93.00 If either applicant is UNDER 18 years of age, they must first contact the Department of Family Services Room 203. The phone number is (559) 730-5000. Certified copy of court order is required when applying for a marriage license. Both applicants must come into the office to apply for a Marriage License. If either party has been divorced and the dissolution was final within the past 90 days, a copy of the final dissolution papers are required. Both applicants will need VALID PICTURE IDENTIFICATION. Expired I.D. cards are NOT acceptable. Most common picture identification: (Government issued I.D.) Driver’s License Military Identification Card State Identification Card Naturalization Certificate Alien Registration Card Passport Other Country I.D. Card (if in English) If you cannot furnish one of the above, you will need two pieces of identification. 1. One must include a picture; such as, current school I.D. or an employee I.D. card. (Check cashing cards or other similar cards issued by Private Entities will NOT be accepted.) 2. One must include your birth date; such as a certified copy of your Birth Certificate, an original Baptismal Certificate, or file stamped Adoption records. ALL DOCUMENTS MUST BE IN ENGLISH. If the document is in another language, it must be accompanied by a “certified” English translation. BLOOD TESTS ARE NO LONGER REQUIRED IN CALIFORNIA. INFORMACION PARA APLICANTES PARA UNA LICENCIA DE MATRIMONIO Horario 8:00 a.m.