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(HBV) Infection of the Liver Ahmed Mohamed Abdel-B Diab Purdue University

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(HBV) Infection of the Liver Ahmed Mohamed Abdel-B Diab Purdue University Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations January 2016 The oler of PLK1 in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection of the liver Ahmed Mohamed Abdel-B Diab Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Recommended Citation Diab, Ahmed Mohamed Abdel-B, "The or le of PLK1 in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection of the liver" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 1214. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/1214 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated 12/26/2015 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Ahmed Mohamed Abdel-B Diab Entitled The role of PLK1 in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection of the Liver For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Ourania Andrisani Andy W. Tao Co-chair Fabien Zoulim Co-chair Robert Geahlen Xiaoqi Liu To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Ourania Andrisani Laurie Jaeger 10/6/2016 Approved by: Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i THE ROLE OF PLK1 IN HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION OF THE LIVER A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Ahmed M Diab In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to begin by extending my gratitude to my committee members Robert Geahlen, Andy W. Tao and Xiaoqi Liu as well as committee co-chairs Ourania Andrisani and Fabien Zoulim for accepting to read, evaluate and thoughtfully critique my work. I also thank them for their confidence, continuous support and mentorship throughout my stay at Purdue. I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my mentor and adviser Ourania Andrisani for her exceptional mentorship and the tremendous support she provided throughout the years. Her dedication to her work was inspiration, attention to detail and perseverance was inspirational. I appreciate her relentless encouragement, being readily available for scientific, intellectual and emotional support as well as her honest and constructive advice. I would like also to thank Fabien Zoulim and David Durantel for cordially granting me the opportunity to work with them and for their continuous professional and scientific support. My stay at INSERM Lyon was extremely beneficial for my scientific and personal development and it would have not been possible without their support. I will be utterly grateful for the expertise and experience I gained under their mentorship. iii I owe very special thanks to Ronald Hullinger for his outstanding mentorship, continuous support and the intellectual encounters. His wittiness, hospitability and exceptional culinary skills made my stay at Purdue memorable. I would like also thank my colleagues at the Andrisani lab, Saravana Kumar Mani, Hao Zhang, Huitao Fan, Zhibin Cui, Dante Johnson, Ellen Weigel, Zuo Ding and Li Ma. I would like to thank Adrien Foca, Nathalie Isorce, Dulce Alfaiate, Pascal Jalaguier, Suzanne Faure-Dupuy, Maëlle Locatelli, Valentina D’Arienzo and Olivier Hantz at INSERM Lyon. I would like to particularly thanks Adrien Foca for his tremendous help to complete my work on the PLK1 project in Lyon. It has been a pleasure to work with him. I am also obligated to thank my colleagues at Purdue Wen-Hung Want, I-Hsuan (Blair) Chen, Meng-Ju Wu, Anton Iliuk, Mariya Krisenko, Lama Alabdi and Cindy Xing for their help. I particularly thank I-Hsuan chen for her help with the mass spectrometry work. I thank François-Loïc Cosset and Floriane Fusil for the work on the humanized-liver mice and their help extending my findings to in vivo models. Finally, I would like to thank my friends at Purdue who made Lafayette a second home and my family for their belief in me and their continuous encouragement. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Hepatitis B......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Pathogenesis ................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Carcinogenesis .............................................................................................. 2 1.1.3 Treatment and prevention............................................................................ 3 1.2 Hepatitis B virus ................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 Genome organization and structure ............................................................. 3 1.2.2 HBV Life cycle ................................................................................................ 4 1.3 References: ....................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Figures: ............................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) CORE ANTIGEN (HBC): FUNCTION IN VIRUS BIOSYNTHESIS AND HOST GENE REGULATION ................................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 9 2.2 HBc structure .................................................................................................. 10 2.3 HBc, a nucleic acid chaperone ........................................................................ 12 2.4 HBc localization .............................................................................................. 13 2.5 HBc phosphorylation ...................................................................................... 16 2.6 HBc and interaction with host factors ............................................................ 19 v Page 2.7 HBc as a regulator of transcription ................................................................. 22 2.8 Unanswered questions and future directions ................................................ 24 2.9 References ...................................................................................................... 26 2.10 Figures............................................................................................................. 39 CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................... 40 3.1 Cellular models ............................................................................................... 40 3.1.1 HepaRG cell lines......................................................................................... 40 3.1.1.1 HepaRG cell culture: ................................................................................ 40 3.1.1.2 HepaRG-TR-PLK1 cell lines: ..................................................................... 41 3.1.1.3 Infection in HepaRG cells and Primary Human Hepatocytes .................. 41 3.1.2 HepG2-NTCP cell line and infection ............................................................ 42 3.2 Production of HBV inoculum in HepG2.2.15 cells: ......................................... 43 3.2.1 Materials ..................................................................................................... 43 3.2.2 Protocol ....................................................................................................... 43 3.3 Tables .............................................................................................................. 46 3.4 References: ..................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 4. POLO-LIKE-KINASE 1 IS A PROVIRAL HOST-FACTOR FOR HEPATITIS B VIRUS REPLICATION: THERAPUTIC IMPLICATIONS ........................................................... 48 4.1 Abstract........................................................................................................... 48 4.2 Introduction .................................................................................................... 49 4.3 Results ............................................................................................................. 52 4.3.1 PLK1 is activated by HBV infection in non-dividing/differentiated hepatocytes ............................................................................................................... 52 4.3.2 PLK1 inhibitors, including BI 2536, suppress HBV DNA accumulation in persistently HBV-infected hepatocytes ....................................................................
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