INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 159 WINTER NEWS 2011 THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Cork Conference G Heritage Lottery Fund G Marie Nisser SS Robin G Record Fine for Demolition G Swedish Postscript all its associated machinery intact and often turns AIA Conference -but not for our party- supplemented by a second Cork 2010 hand steam engine, also from Manchester. The prize exhibit is the largest pot still in the world with a capacity of 31,648 gallons. Seventy five delegates assembled for this year’s Dr. Rynne delivered the Friday evening lecture Conference held at the University College Cork, on the IA of the Munster region. Unsurprisingly, INDUSTRIAL our first in a foreign land and, amazingly, the because of the climate, such industries as existed weather remained dry and fine throughout. ARCHAEOLOGY were primarily water powered, as Ireland has no coal and the peat has a low calorific value. Some NEWS 159 Roger Ford quarrying went on in the area, the local limestone Winter 2011 having the hardness, quality and appearance of Star turn was Dr. Colin Rynne, President of the marble. Principal activities were food and drink Honorary President Prof Marilyn Palmer Industrial Heritage Society of Ireland and 2007 related – distilling, brewing and butter 63 Sycamore Drive, Groby, Leicester LE6 0EW Rolt Memorial Lecturer, whose knowledge of Irish production. Chairman – particularly social – history and anecdotes of Saturday morning’s talks started with Peter Mark Sissons 33 Burgate, Pickering, North Yorkshire YO18 7AU the local scene was very evident as he guided us Foynes, curator of the Cork Butter Exchange Vice-Chairman on all the field trips. Time is a somewhat flexible Museum, on its archaeology – at its height Vacant commodity in the Emerald Isle, which delegates 400,000 firkins of 70lbs capacity were exported Secretary had to make allowances for. Accommodation was all over the world. The trade in the 1870s earned David de Haan AIA Liaison Office, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, absolutely first rate; unfortunately it was situated in excess of £1,500,000 each year. Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX a mile or so from the venue for the lectures and Next up, Dr Rynne talked on County Cork’s Treasurer the staff dining room (the latter producing ample brewing and distilling, the power for which came Bruce Hedge 7 Clement Close, Wantage, Oxon OX12 7ED nourishing food). This would have tested the long from the many streams descending from the IA Review Editors distance mobility of some of our older colleagues mountains, whilst the water came from artesian Helen Gomersall & Dr Mike Nevell to the limit had not lifts been available. wells. By 1780 1,228 distilleries were producing 14 Church Hill, Luddenden, Halifax HX2 6PZ First day, Friday, was seminar day until cheap gin and whisky – beer only came into IA News Editor Chris Barney 2.30pm, with several good papers by some of the fashion in the nineteenth century. Cooperage was The Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury CV23 8EN students from the University of Cork. Afterwards, a major skilled trade at this time and land to Affiliated Societies Officer delegates were bussed to the preserved Midleton allow the casks to mature was at a premium. Vacant distillery. These buildings have a very mixed The morning concluded with a wonderful Conference Secretary John McGuinness history having been converted from a mill to 1947 documentary film of the Monard water 29 Altwood Road, Maidenhead SL6 4PB three malting kilns in 1830 (from which the powered spade mills – in Ireland 1,100 different Endangered Sites Officer distillery evolved) and are now preserved purely varieties of spade were in use for the various Amber Patrick Flat 2, 14 Lypiatt Terrace, Cheltenham GL50 2SX as a tourist site. This activity dates from the tasks. The same water was used at three different Librarian and Archivist 1850s, capacity gradually building from 400,000 levels of millponds, work progressing steadily John Powell gallons per year to 2 ½ million litres (the Irish like from one mill to the next, as the water turned the Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX to mix their measurements) in 1974, the last year wheels. Publicity Officer Roy Murphy of operation. There is a splendid 22 foot Short presentations ranging from industrial 3 Wellington Road, Ombersley, Worcs WR9 0DZ breastshot wheel by Fairbairns of Manchester, archaeology in Malta to reconstruction of a Recording Awards Officer working from 1852 until closure, which still has Victorian station roof kept us interested during Shane Kelleher Sales Officer Roger Ford Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WV15 6AF Council Members David Alderton (Heritage Alliance) Bill Barksfield (overseas trips) Mike Bone (Heritage Alliance) Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards) Dr Paul Collins (Conservation Award & Partnerships) Tony Crosby Steve Dewhirst (Conservation Award) Michael Messenger (Website manager) Stephen Miles (Conference bookings) Paul Saulter (overseas trips) Peter Stanier Mark Watson (TICCIH GB National Rep) Dr Ian West (Health & Safety) Honorary Vice-Presidents Prof Angus Buchanan Sir Neil Cossons Prof John Hume Stuart B. Smith Liaison Officer David de Haan and Anne Sutherland (assistant), AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.industrial-archaeology.org

COVER PICTURE Generator Hall at Ardnacrusha. In 1931 these three Siemens-Shuckert machines produced 96% of the electricity in the Irish Free State Photo: Chris Barney Jamesons Midleton Distrillery Warehouse Photo: Peter Stanier

2—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 the afternoon. Particularly noteworthy was a contribution entitled ‘Industrial past of Czech lands’ from our visitors from Czechoslovakia led by Vaclav Matousek. We hope to see them again. The conference dinner was held in the River Lee Hotel where we all enjoyed a treat, alcohol with dinner – there being none available in the staff dining room. The menu featured delicious Irish dishes and was much appreciated. Sunday took the usual form of an outline of proposed foreign trips in 2012, the Association AGM and the Rolt Memorial Lecture. Delivered by Professor Patrick Malone, this covered the development of the vast and complex water power system in Lowell, Massachusetts and particularly the need to guard against the occasional but potentially devastating floods on the Merrimac River. Professor Malone’s book on the subject Waterpower in Lowell won the AIA Peter Neaverson Award in 2010 so it was good to hear him speak on the subject and be able to ask Dr Colin Rynne and delegates at the Ballincollig Gunpowder Mills Photo: Bill Barksfield questions. It was the first time the Rolt lecture has been delivered by an American. In the afternoon we enjoyed a saunter through a public park where, in 1794, were established the Ballincollig gunpowder mills, at 431 acres second only to Waltham Abbey works which we had visited during the Hatfield conference. Not a lot remains of the original buildings, complex watercourses, wheel pits and dams, though a turbine that drove an incorporating mill still exists beneath a restored but closed off building. Security of the site during the various troubles was always a problem for the British authorities who subsequently sold the site in 1833, demand having slumped after the Napoleonic Wars. One citizen stole powder from here, storing it in his loft – not a good idea in an age when lighting was by candle. When it went up it took twelve acres of the city with it! The evening lecture was about the copper mines of County Kerry, delivered by the Head of the Department of Archaeology at Cork, William O’Brien, a noted prehistorian who nevertheless Bantry Harbour Old Quay Photo: Peter Stanier fascinated a group of industrial archaeologists! These were first worked about 2500BC and axes and other artefacts made from this copper have been found in many parts of Britain. It was last worked, on a modest scale, between 1707 and 1912. The most active period was 1804 to 1810 when Cornish miners raised 3200 tons of ore which went to Swansea for smelting, coal being brought back for the engines to keep the mine drained. This prepared us for Monday’s trip, on a glorious sunny day. First stop was the disused Chetwynd railway viaduct, 1000 tons of spectacular cast and wrought iron, constructed in 1847. Next to Bandon town with a brief stop to view Overton cotton mill; an interesting site, totally derelict, which we didn’t have time to inspect. On to Bantry Bay to savour the superb coastal scenery and then around the Ring of Beara on a bumpy road to the Allihies copper mine where an absolute feast awaited us, prepared by the volunteer staff of the excellent museum. The welcome was so generous that it Restored Man-Engine House at Allihies Copper Mine Photo: Bill Barksfield was 4pm before all had partaken. A trek up the

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —3 mountain followed to visit the spectacular conserved shell of Ireland’s only known man- engine which was also used for winding. One way and another departure wasn’t until 5.30pm (arrival back had been scheduled for 5pm) and we actually made it at 9.30, by which time everyone, including the catering staff, had locked up and gone home. A very enjoyable day nevertheless and the Chinese takeaway next to the accommodation registered a boost in takings. Tuesday started with a visit to the Cork Corporation waterworks, the best preserved pumping station in Ireland. Here sit three triple- expansion Combe and Barbour steam engines from 1905 with Corliss valve gear fed by two Lancashire boilers and connected to ram pumps. There is also a turbine house of 1888 with twin Fourneyon turbines. The steam engines operated until superseded by electric centrifugal pumps in 1938. They were retained as standby and used occasionally during and after the Second World Cork City Water Works with County Asylum behind Photo: Chris Barney War. After examining this splendid machinery and admiring the impressive lunatic asylum buildings on the hilltop behind, the party forayed into the centre of Cork where Dr. Rynne gave a conducted tour of what is left of its industrial archaeology. We started at Beamish and Crawford’s 1792 porter brewery, modernised in the 1860s, its extensive maltings now offices of the university. Adaptively reused warehousing was seen en route to the Castle with its reputed panoramic view of the city (denied us because the gate was locked). We found a small boatbuilding shed where the workers were happy to show us their expertise in constructing, amongst other craft, traditional coracles. The tidal River Lee runs through the centre of the city in two main channels and there are some fine bridges – the original section of one goes back to 1713. Following lunch, the tour continued to the site of the North Mall distillery from circa 1782 until it burnt down in 1920. We passed a small bit of the fifteenth century town wall which Penstocks at Ardnacrusha able to delivery 100 tons per second Photo: Bill Barksfield survives as well as the vegetable and meat markets. The Harbour Commissioner’s bonded warehouse of 1818 was admired and we observed the site of Henry Ford’s 1912 tractor factory. By 1920 it was obvious that this was a white elephant and production was switched to the model T. Closed in the 1980s, the factory is now used for storage. In the evening we all attended a scrumptious spread, accompanied by wine laid on by Dr. Rynne’s wife Stella at the Cork Public Museum, of which she is Director. The Museum has a fine collection of objects, including some remains of Dr Rynne’s excavations of early water mills. We returned to the university for dinner, thus getting two feeds to compensate for the previous evening. On Wednesday the field trip first visited Mallow Station of G.S.&W.R. where the original 1847 building stands at right angles to the realigned station now in use. From there to Limerick on the Shannon, the country’s longest and widest river. This was first bridged in 950 and the still working docks were viewed along with Original Control Room at Ardnacrusha Power Station Photo: Chris Barney remnants of the gasworks etc.

4—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 as a semaphore signal station from 1814 and was and engineering, followed by a year at the lived in until the 1940s. Kungliga Konsthogskölan, the Royal Institute of Thus ended a conference which was quite Art, Stockholm, with a project on Nordic wooden different from any of our previous ones, enlivened towns, some of which were then under serious by numerous amusing episodes. Everyone had threat of demolition. bent over backwards to be as helpful as possible Marie Nisser’s work in the field of industrial – no jobsworths in Ireland. We look forward to heritage began when she was a Research Chelmsford in 2012. Assistant in the Department of the History of Arts at Uppsala University. From 1968 she played a leading role in the first initiatives in Sweden to Professor Marie record industrial heritage. In the 1970s she worked with the Association of Pulp and Paper Nisser (1937-2011) Engineers, leading a major project to document pulp and paper mills in the forested region of Marie Nisser, who died in August, was one of the Värmland and Dalsland. Her position in Uppsala pioneers of industrial archaeology in Sweden and also provided the locus for her to undertake played an influential role on the international numerous projects recording working industries stage, most notably in TICCIH, The International as well as remains of those no longer in Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial operation; these included pulp and paper, iron Heritage. Throughout her career she worked and steel, hydropower, textiles, and canals. It is closely with people and organisations in Britain indicative of Marie’s powers of persuasion that and frequently attended meetings here. From she was able to find funding for these projects 1967 she came to the Bath conferences that from industrial corporations and trade preceded the founding of the AIA and attended associations as well local government, national, 1905 Combe and Barbour engine at Cork City Waterworks the First International Congress on the regional and local museums. It was Marie herself Photo: Bill Barksfield Conservation of Industrial Monuments, held in who initiated many of the projects, found the Ironbridge in 1973, that led to the formation of backing and managed the teams who engaged in After more hostelry research the party TICCIH. She published widely and worked the work. She also set up historical committees in adjourned to the amazing hydro-electric works at tirelessly and effectively across the boundaries of the branch associations of the iron and steel, pulp Ardnacrusha. This impressive construction, art, architecture and technology as well as and paper and hydropower industries, where she German designed, took 5000 workers to bring it industry, government and academia, to promote soon became accepted as a colleague. about between 1926 and 1929, absorbing a large industrial heritage studies and practice. This In the context of the emerging awareness in proportion of the national budget. A dual track catholicity of knowledge, her fluency in several Sweden during the 1960s of working people and narrow gauge railway with 130 locomotives and languages, and a burning commitment and places, Marie’s interest in culture, technology and 3000 wagons were used to construct the 7 ½ mile determination were among her foremost architecture enabled her to awaken a broader canal bringing water to the 100 foot high dam strengths. public interest in the historic industrial where the headrace delivers 100 tons of water environment. She was a powerful advocate who per second to four Siemens-Shuckert turbines. In Neil Cossons spoke with passion, authority and, increasingly, 1931 this station generated 96% of the current with sound practical experience. used in the 26 counties. One of the most Marie Nisser was born in Stockholm in 1937. She In 1992, the Swedish Research Foundation impressive aspects is a double lock, each with a studied at the University of Uppsala, where she for Humanities (HSFR) recognized the growing fall of 50 feet for pleasure boats, taking an hour took a degree in the history of art, with a importance of Marie’s work and of industrial to lock up or down. There is also a hydraulic dissertation on Swedish fortifications of the heritage by awarding her a Chair in Industrial salmon lift to allow fish to pass the works. seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, their design Heritage Research which she chose to establish at On our return to Cork we were again indulged with a cheese and wine reception – this time courtesy of Kerrygold – at the Butter Market Museum, a small museum but full of interest, before returning for dinner. The conference didn’t improve our waistlines any. The last day we headed for Cork Harbour, again in fine weather (amazing), stopping in Cobh where the tenders from transatlantic liners put in, and the last port of call for the Titanic (123 passengers joined here). There is a memorial to the victims of the 1916 torpedoing of the Lusitania; the bodies were brought here for burial. We climbed up for a panoramic view of Haulbowline Island which once housed the British Navy’s victualling yards and is now a base for the Irish Navy. After lunch we went to Kinsale Head, off which the Lusitania went down. At this venue we expected to visit the old light house. However, the area is now a private golf club and we were refused admittance as the owners had changed their minds. We had to make do with what Neil Cossons, Michael Rix (1913-81), Angus Buchanan, Frank Atkinson, Robert Vogel and Marie Nisser (1937-2011) remains of a headland cottage which functioned Photo: Bath Chronicle 4 November 1967 © Angus Buchanan

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —5 the Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Royal Institute interpretation of the Grade II listed and of Technology, or KTH. Here she pioneered a PhD Heritage Lottery Scheduled Wheal Peevor engine houses in programme, mentoring numerous successful Fund’s support for Cornwall; the conservation of the remains of the students, and conducted a wide range of ground- Scheduled sixteenth century Oare Gunpowder breaking studies. One of these was an Industrial Heritage Works within a country park in Kent; and the international training programme called the Grade II listed Gayle Mill in Wensleydale which is Nordic/Baltic Industrial Heritage Platform, which now a net producer of electricity. The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) is taking the linked representatives from the Nordic nations The breadth of the types of industrial and opportunity to review its support for the with their Baltic neighbours in training and transport heritage that HLF supports is well conservation of sites, buildings, artefacts and the research projects and was designed to overcome illustrated by a number of awards made this year. stories behind our Industrial, Maritime and some of the barriers that had divided them during These range from the Middlesbrough Transporter Transport heritage (IM&T) during the year when the Soviet era. Marie was especially proud of the Bridge, one of only two currently operational in English Heritage is focusing on Industrial Heritage opportunities provided to young professionals to the UK, through HMS Alliance, the only surviving at Risk. Since it was established in 1994 HLF has study and practice in industrial heritage. It was ‘A’class Second World War submarine, and SS awarded over £4.5 billion of Lottery good causes during her time at KTH that she saw Engelsberg Nomadic, the tender ship which delivered money to the full range of the UK’s heritage. Of Bruk inscribed on the World Heritage List (1993), passengers to the Titanic in 1912, to the pavilion this, an impressive £780 million has been along with the Great Copper Mountain in Falun on Penarth Pier and the 1771 Grade I listed awarded to over 2350 IM&T projects covering a (2001), and numerous other industrial sites Arkwright cotton mill at Cromford. These are all vast array of different industries, types of recognized by national and regional government. multi-million pound Heritage Grants projects, but transport, and maritime sites and vessels. This Internationally, Marie was one of the early recent projects that have had Heritage Grants of article presents an overview of some of the more scholars studying industrial heritage in Europe. less than a million include the Newman Brothers recent projects funded and the impact HLF She organised the TICCIH Conference in Sweden Coffin Works in Birmingham, the Lune Aqueduct funding has had on preserving the UK’s industrial in 1978 and subsequently played a central role in on the Lancaster Canal, Woodbridge Tide Mill in heritage. its direction, hosting meetings, serving on the Suffolk, the North Eastern Railway 1903 petrol Board, and was elected President. In recent years, electric autocar and coach and the Cleveland and by now professor emeritus, Marie remained Tony Crosby Mining Museum at Skinningrove. vigorous and prominent, providing guidance to You do not need to spend hundreds of students and colleagues around the world. And, Despite the popularity of living and working in thousands of pounds. Modest amounts can make she was very much present and active at the last historic buildings and areas, especially those a difference to our industrial heritage and TICCIH Congress, held in Freiberg during 2009. adjacent to water, our industrial heritage is people’s engagement with it, as some examples Hers will remain an influential voice for all particularly at risk in the present economic of projects in HLF’s Your Heritage and Young who knew her, thanks to her unique combination climate – owners are finding it difficult to Roots grant programmes (all under £50k) of intellect, critical thinking, energy and care for maintain their businesses and buildings; illustrate. At the Babbacombe Cliff Railway the those around her. She brought a deeply principled development in and regeneration of former station buildings have been refurbished and approach to everything she did and was never shy industrial areas has slowed down; and grant interpretive material provided with a grant of in expressing her disapprobation of what she funding sources are diminishing. HLF funding, £31,000; and at the North of England Institute of thought was wrong or unwise. An, at times, however, has resulted in over 20 former industrial Mining and Mechanical Engineers the impish sense of humour more than balanced sites being taken off English Heritage’s at risk conservation and care of the Institute’s unique these sometimes stern admonishments, but it will register. The two most recent are at Bestwood collection of manuscripts, books, hand drawn and be Marie’s generosity of spirit and dedicated Colliery, Nottinghamshire, where the designated printed maps, plans, drawings, artefacts and commitment to the future of the industrial engine winding house and headstocks have been works of art has been funded with a grant of heritage that will be her lasting legacy. restored and interpreted; and the Grade II* listed £49,700. Preservation of our industrial past also After several years of stoical struggle with Derby Roundhouse where the once derelict includes the recording of stories, memories and cancer Marie died on the night of 11/12 August at building is now at the heart of Derby College. traditions of how industries operated and their her home in Stockholm. Others include the consolidation and impact on the people involved. Again using small grants, in the Fishing Families of Lough Neagh project the memories of members of this Northern Ireland fishing community were recorded and preserved for posterity in a permanent archive; and the stories of people who worked at the Brooke Bond tea packing factory in Bristol in the second half of the twentieth century have been captured through an oral history project. Engaging young people with our industrial heritage is vital if future generations are to help sustain it. Through our Young Roots grant programme a group of disadvantaged teenagers in Lanarkshire were introduced to the heritage of motorcycles and motorcycling culture when they restored and interpreted a B.S.A. Bantham motorcycle; while in the Northwest another group worked with the Waterways Trust and Manchester Libraries to research and document the heritage of the Rochdale Canal and the impact it had on their community. In Northeast London a group of young black people researched and documented Derby Roundhouse now part of Derby College the contributions of African shipwrights and

6—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 sailors to UK maritime history. Another example of engaging a non-traditional audience with transport heritage is the group of visually impaired people who helped create accessible, tactile interpretation of the locks on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. While the large projects will be run by local authorities, national bodies such as British Waterways and the national museums, the majority of these small grant projects are run by small local heritage societies and community groups. Mention was made above of the shipwrights and sailors of African origin, and immigrants have played a major role in UK industry over many centuries. Their contribution has been recorded through a number of projects including their involvement with the brickmaking industry of Marston Vale, Bedfordshire which provided work for many people from immigrant communities such as Italians, Sikhs, African-Caribbeans and Eastern Europeans. The Bradford textile mills oral history project brought together young and old Jackfield Tile Museum where the HLF grant also funded the new Fusion building Photo: Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust from across the Bradford communities, including the Italian, Polish, Ukrainian, Pakistani, African- Caribbean and indigenous population to record and celebrate the city’s rich textile industry heritage through the personal histories of its inhabitants, which are often hidden from the public. Conservation related skills and those needed to maintain working industrial exhibits in museums and on site have long been identified as being at risk of loss and HLF’s Skills for the Future grants are addressing this major issue, funding 67 training places. The Mid-Hants Railway is training apprentices on all aspects of heavy mechanical engineering as applied to steam engines and railway coaches. Traditional boatbuilding skills are being taught at the Grimsay Boatshed project on the Isle of North Uist and at the Waterways Museum at Ellesmere Port. Maintaining working industrial machinery means that people can learn about and appreciate former industrial processes which are no longer practiced. At the Apsley Lune Aqueduct on the Lancaster Canal Photo: British Waterways Paper Trail in Hertfordshire visitors can have a go at hand paper-making as well as observing the mass production of paper on a hundred year-old machine. They can also get a taste of the working conditions hundreds of feet down at the coal face at The Big Pit Museum in Blaenavon and at the National Mining Museum at Caphouse Colliery, Wakefield. Over the last 17 years HLF’s unparalleled investment has helped support the UK’s locally, regionally and nationally important industrial heritage with grants from just a few thousand to several million pounds. As for the future, from 2012 HLF will have around £300 million a year to allocate to new projects, but competition for this substantial sum continues to increase as other sources of grant funding reduce or dry up all together. We will, though, have greater capacity to support more IM&T projects in future, so if you have a project in mind do contact your country or regional HLF office (see www.hlf.org.uk) to get pre-application help and locally based support with your application. In our consultation on our Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge Photo: Graham Brooks strategy for 2013 – 2019 earlier this year, we

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —7 raised issues about giving greater emphasis to heritage at risk, organisational resilience and recognising the role of the private sector. The IM&T sector’s responses to these issues will influence the Strategic Plan which will be published next year and which will set out how Lottery funds can best be used to sustain and transform our heritage, making a difference to places and people.

Sweden – A Postscript

Following the AIA Tour, Sally and I took the opportunity to visit a few more Swedish sites, in particular two of the important remaining ironworks – Österbybruk and Karlholmsbruk, respectively about 25 and 50 miles north of Uppsala. Wlloon Forge, Österbybruk Photo: Colin Bowden Colin Bowden however, it appeared to be little different. (We years, supplying ore to about 30 iron works in the had seen two Bagge-type blowers at area, mining ended in 1992. Associated surface Österbybruk is the only remaining example Engelsbergsbruk and another at Trångfors.) buildings which remain seemed not very exciting, surviving in Sweden of a Walloon forge, in which Gustaf Ekman was the Swedish metallurgist and the main feature is the number of opencast both finery and chafery hearths are used. In its credited with having introduced the Lancashire pits, about 40 of which are still to be seen. The present form, the forge dates from a forge, largely replacing the previous methods of largest and most dramatic is the Storrymningen reconstruction and enlargement in 1794 and is making bar iron from around 1850. (“the great shaft”), about 200 metres long and believed to have been little changed since; In the early nineteenth century, only about 100 metres deep, created, it is said, by fire- production ended in 1906. In the Walloon ten per cent of Sweden’s bar iron was made by setting. The Newcomen engine, designed and process, as here, the raw material, pig iron sows, the Walloon method, the remainder, which was of erected by Marten Triewald in 1728 (the first in is first heated in the finery, using charcoal as the generally lower quality, being by the so-called Sweden) was not a success, but its engine house fuel, reducing the carbon content, then further German method. The higher quality Walloon iron, remains a symbolic relic. refined in the chafery before being forged into bar such as Österbybruk’s, much of it exported to Despite its present tranquil and picturesque iron, using the waterwheel driven helve hammer. Sheffield for steel-making, was dependant on the setting, Karlholmsbruk is one of Sweden’s most Blast for the hearths was provided by a 3-crank use of pig iron derived from the non-phosphoric significant industrial monuments, a relatively vertical cylinder blowing engine, driven by ores from the Dannemora mines, some three large works, remarkable for its completeness and another waterwheel. According to a written miles away. the variety of its remaining plant. When opened in notice, this was an Ekman-type blast machine, With Dannemora’s Newcomen connection, it 1727-1730, the works had its own blast furnace, manufactured by Motala Verkstad in 1837, a was impossible to resist making a brief visit. with further processing by the Walloon forging predecessor of the Bagge engine, from which, Having operated over a period of more than 500 method although after 1843, when the furnace was demolished, its pig iron had come from elsewhere. However, in 1879-80, the Walloon method was superseded by Lancashire forging, and Karlholmsbruk was reconstructed. Since then, although production stopped in 1931 and there was some restoration work in 1973, the appearance of the interior and its equipment has seen little change. At one end of the main room are six Lancashire hearths, side-by-side, equipped with mechanical rabbling devices, driven from overhead shafting by a steam engine in the room beyond, which also contains a blast engine and three boilers. The steam engine (presumably a replacement) is an inverted vertical compound built by J. & C.G. Bolinder Mekaniska Verkstads A.B. of Stockholm in 1889, which was installed second-hand around 1900. This also drove the Roots-type blower, which came from (and was possibly built by) Brevensbruk, Örebro, contrasting with the perhaps more usual Bagge- type cylinder machines seen elsewhere. The hearths worked in conjunction with a shingling hammer, a waterwheel driven nose helve, to Karlholmsbruk: Lancashire Hearths Photo: Colin Bowden Bolinder Steam Engine Photo: Colin Bowden produce blooms. For the further processing of

8—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 these, there was a reheating (welding) furnace, a known as Goliath, required for the handling of water turbine driven rolling mill, two waterwheel The Dounreay materials. driven belly helve hammers, and two steam Sphere More reactors have since been built at hammers. The reheating furnace brought the iron Dounreay and the establishment formed an to a temperature high enough for bar iron to be important part of the local economy until 1994 produced by rolling as well as by the alternative The future of this unique structure is far from when, with nuclear power out of favour, the of hammering. being settled. government ordered all the reactors to be While staying at Uppsala, we also visited permanently shut down; a large work force has “Pumphuset”, the Museum of Municipal Robert Carr been engaged in the cleaning-up of the site and Engineering, housed in the former Uppsala this is expected to continue until at least 2025. Waterworks Pumping Station. The earliest Built close to the Dounreay airfield about 9 miles The Dounreay site was originally chosen as there pumping machinery of 1875 and 1901 had been to the west of the town of Thurso in Caithness, is a prevailing offshore wind there and it is a long replaced in 1909 by two water turbines, each this structure is claimed to be the first and largest way from London and the South East. driving a horizontal pump by Tullgarns Gjuteri & spherical building in the Britain, see Current government policy makes it unlikely Mekaniska Verkstads, Uppsala, but one of these http://www.dounreaydome.org.uk/. Within the that the Sphere will be decontaminated before at turbines and the two pumps (one partially current decommissioning programme of the least 2020 and probably not before 2030. Left sectioned), together with two electrically driven Dounreay nuclear complex the sphere will untouched it will not be possible to allow free centrifugal pumps added in 1915, have been probably be decontaminated but even so may not public access this century and meanwhile preserved. There are museum displays covering be completely accessible for about thirty years. maintenance will be difficult. Skilled workers who the sewerage system, electricity and gas supply, The question arises as to what should be done are in great demand are required for and the district heating system, which was with it. It is likely to be eventually demolished but decontamination and their precious annual started in 1962 and by the 1990s covered 95 in the meantime the engineering of this structure radiation dosage is quickly used up. The usual percent of Uppsala. should be of interest. procedure would be to decontaminate to a level Our extended stay in Sweden was concluded In the 1950s Britain was a world leader in that allows the steel to be classified as low-level by a boat trip from Stockholm to Waxholm on the atomic energy and the Dounreay fast breeder waste, making burial and storage comparatively Storskär, the largest of three steam vessels reactor (FBR) first became critical on 14 cheap. To continue the work so that the steel can operated by the Waxholm company – with a 659 November 1959. An FBR is a fast neutron reactor be classified as accessible for maintenance, and hp triple expansion engine, and built at designed to produce more fissile material than it then make the Sphere suitable for the public to Lindholmens yard, Gothenburg, in 1908. On our consumes. The 1950s FBR at Dounreay supplied enter will be costly. This cost will not be known trip, the engineers were making use of the heat electric power to the National Grid from 1963 to until about 2025 and over the past 50 years cost from the cylinders to dry their washing! 1977. It was housed in a massive blast-proof steel estimates in this field have always been too low. (N.B Österbybruk is apparently almost always sphere one-inch thick and nearly 200 feet in If suitable robots are developed for open for visits, but Karlholmsbruk is open much diameter. Two Scottish engineering companies decontamination work, acceptable costs might be less frequently and for access we were greatly were involved in the construction: Motherwell achieved. The ultimate fate of the Sphere largely indebted to the kind assistance of Ingegerd Bridge Engineering for the sphere itself and JW depends on government attitudes to nuclear Martinelle.) Carruthers for a large crane inside the sphere, power.

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INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —9 AIA NEWS Restoration Funding – It is now proposed to substantially dismantle the engine to correct an update. these problems which involve the With the generous assistance of our alignment of the cylinder, crank anonymous donor the AIA continues shaft and parallel motion. with its programme to assist Two other project for which the restoration. Association has agreed funding in Four further projects are now principle are still currently on hold completed. The Fourdrinier machine until final details are sorted out. The for the Apsley Paper Trail is reported re-erection of one of the former below. The project at the North of Wells firework factory buildings at England Open Air Museum to re- Amberley Museum and work on the build 4 chaldron wagons, the roof at Hoylandswaine Nail Forge refurbishment of the foredeck of the near Barnsley should progress soon. narrow boat Tarporley for the Camden Canals & Narrowboat Association and the Towyn Restoration of weighbridge for the Talyllyn Railway will all be reported on in the next Fourdrinier paper edition. making machine Foudrinier paper making machine at Apsley Photo: Tony Crosby Work on Box Boat 337 at the Earlier this year the Association National Waterways Museum at awarded a Restoration Grant of Ellesmere Port had been delayed £9,870 to the Apsley Paper Trail for commission it to full working The medieval woollen industry until suitable timber was sourced. the restoration to working order of production. It now offers visitors the along the Suffolk/Essex border This has now been delivered to the their pilot paper-making machine unique opportunity to see the made this one of the richest parts of museum and it is hoped that work located at their Frogmore Mill at process of commercial paper- England in the sixteenth century on the restoration of this historic Apsley in Hertfordshire. This small making at close quarters. The paper and, though this declined sharply craft will begin soon. Fourdrinier paper-making machine produced is used for all of the Paper thereafter, by the nineteenth century Funding has been agreed in was built in 1902 by Hemmer AG of Trail’s community and adult learning it was replaced by the related silk principal for work on the 1841 Petrie Neidenfels in Germany, having been courses, as well as supplying paper weaving, horsehair processing and Beam Engine now housed at commissioned by the Corporation of to the local schools who have weaving and coconut mat making, Ellenroad Steam Museum. This Manchester for installation in the provided waste paper to the Paper all of which survived until the end of engine was originally installed in Municipal School of Technology Trail for recycling. the twentieth century, with silk Whitelees Mill, Littleborough and in (now UMIST). It was the world’s first Tony Crosby weaving continuing to this day in 1957, when the mill closed, was specialist research and development Sudbury. In turn, silk weaving led to moved back to the site of Petrie’s paper-making machine. Given to the Next Year in Essex the twentieth century introduction factory in Rochdale where it was Paper Trail by Bury College in 2003, of artificial silks, notably rayon, by The 2012 conference will be based Courtaulds. exhibited in a glass fronted building it was installed at Frogmore Mill, the at Writtle College near Chelmsford in front of the factory. Those of you site where in 1803 the Fourdrinier Many new industries were in Essex from Friday 10 August to established in the twentieth century. with a long memory may remember machine, the world’s first Thursday 16 August, and will follow seeing it at the AIA Manchester commercial paper-making machine In Braintree, as well as rayon the usual pattern of a seminar, weaving there was Crittall's steel conference in 1977. In 1992 this site was developed and operated. The lectures and visits. was redeveloped and the engine pilot machine and its accompanying windows, with a company village at In the nineteenth century Essex Silver End; in Chelmsford, Marconi moved to the Ellenroad Steam sheeter (given to the Paper Trail by was primarily an agricultural county, Museum. After the engine was UMIST in 2008) had been partly radio communications, Crompton's with the usual agriculture electric lighting and Hoffman originally moved to Ellenroad there restored but the grant was needed dependent industries such as were problems with the alignment. to complete the work and ballbearings and in Colchester; ironfounding, agricultural Paxman's diesels. Along the Thames engineering, milling, malting, lime in particular a number of new burning, brewing and brickmaking. industries were established, most It is particularly rich in restored importantly Fords at Dagenham, still mills: wind, water, tide and steam. producing a quarter of all Fords' The Essex coast line is claimed diesel engines, but also Blue Circle to be the longest of any English Cement in Thurrock as well as county, and the need to supply margarine and soap factories. The London made its rivers, fisheries Czech shoe firm Bata built factories (notably oysters), havens and and a company village in East coasting vessels – the famous Tilbury. Thames barges – important. The So, there will be something old, extensive flats were ideal for salt something new, things that hum pans and the sea salt industry still and whirr as well as puff and chug. survives in Maldon. This is your chance to explore new Essex has always been the last areas and more recent industries. line of defence between continental Get away from the Olympics in mind forces and London, and so is rich in if not in distance. Come and join us! defence archaeology, from Stuart David Alderton forts to nuclear war bunkers, via 1841 Petrie Beam Engine Photo: Ellenroad Steam Museum airfields from both world wars.

10 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 LETTERS Lancashire Hearths archaeology in the sense of on-site The Power of the Past – and other disciplines who help to Can I point out an error in the physical remains as opposed to ‘Mighty things from manage a complex industrial plant. caption to the picture on page 3 of artefacts. Surely every school child in Britain the last edition – the ‘Lancashire I can vaguely remember my small beginnings grow’ should experience at least one visit Hearth’, at Engelsberg and father mentioning that the Lyons This note is a plea to consider power – gaining inspiration from the elsewhere, was an adaptation of the company had ‘a mechanical brain’. stations and post-excavation engineering aspects required and finery process (which had always As company accountant for W & A archaeological needs. I have just imbibing a sense of wonderment used charcoal), not of puddling Gilbey, he introduced mechanised been reading a 38 page booklet by that these large, absolutely essential (which as a reverberatory-furnace accounting systems provided by the late Francis Haveron (The constructions convey. It’s not exactly process could not use charcoal, ‘Power Sammus’ (I have probably Brilliant Ray) which describes ‘how National Trust territory but would though it could, at least in theory, spelt this incorrectly). This was a the Electric Light was brought to provide excellent background to use wood). In fact the ‘Swedish punched card system and the punch Godalming in 1881’. It’s interesting various studies and potential Lancashire Hearth’ (as we know it) card was their trade mark. to know that this little town in the interests in engineering careers. is the main evidence for very late My own experience was with south of England had a ‘world first’ There is also, as some readers British developments of the finery punched tape. The computing was for a short period from 1881 when will know, increasing concern in the from an open hearth into an done at Elliot Computers at the town Council decided to transfer archaeological world regarding the enclosed structure, not documented Borehamwood. Unless time could be from gas lighting and install electric shrinking capacity for storing over here - it was seen by a Swedish booked in advance, work had to be lighting for part of the town’s archaeological finds produced from visitor in 1828 in a forge near carried out at night, usually after streets and for some residents. The the many excavations carried out Ulverston, by which time the finery midnight, since all daytime hours water power from the river was each year. Here is a chance to help process had been almost completely were booked several days in further enhanced by steam power solve problems in some parts of the replaced by coal-fuelled puddling advance. Just as described in the generation by a manufacturer, UK as there could be very within Britain, and widely adopted GLIAS article the programme had to Wallace and Stevens, from considerable amounts of valuable in Sweden where due to the lack of be entered first for each operation. Basingstoke, Hants. Notes in The space locked up in a disused power coal it proved to be a very viable With frequent use the tapes became Graphic of 21 November 1881 and plant – excellent opportunities for process. stretched and eventually so much so 22 July 1882 provide contemporary regional stores. Laboratories could David Cranston that they were misread by the tape information. also be converted for scientific and reader, causing the machine to Having years ago trained in conservation uses for post- Sorry, my fault; I added the malfunction with the resultant some power station laboratories (all excavation archaeological needs. extension to the caption. It shows waste of time. now demolished), before being There are lists of power stations how much I know about As time progresses so the dates, attracted to the world of museums destined to have run their natural ironworking. Ed which divide current, recent and and archaeological conservation, I life and are approaching demolition. historic events, move forward. What find myself being rather irritated by Could it be suggested that was current ten years ago is now the constant press reports regarding interested parties form a charity in The appeal of modern the recent past and that which the ‘Turbine Hall’ of the Tate Modern order to lobby for the retention of a industry as a field of happened thirty or fifty years ago is Gallery or the sad state of the selection for further use as history. For most of us it is recent remaining interesting walls of important technological educational study history which holds the most Battersea Power Station in London. centres and possibly a most helpful The GLIAS newsletter, number 255, fascination. As a child I could relate These are just shells with no facility for modern day for August contains an interesting to Victorian and Edwardian times, remaining machinery. Are there any archaeological studies? Our article on the development and use since while they were different from complete large power stations Minister of Culture thinks it is an of early computers. I found this the 1950s they were not so different available for the public to inspect interesting idea. We have thousands article of interest in several respects. that they could not be understood. I and marvel? I expect few people of other ‘heritage’ structures. Why Firstly, it describes the development have little doubt that for today’s have visited the interiors of these not preserve examples of what of the LEO computer, which was youngsters, life in 1960 Britain can huge, cathedral like edifices. I have survives of twentieth century power ground breaking, secondly, it be more easily understood than life yet to meet any who have, but these generation practice ? recalled my own experiences in the in 1860. The same principle applies constructions are at the very heart John Price use of computers in the late 1960s to working adults, who can relate of our civilisation. Without the 01252 721 455 and thirdly, it further demonstrates more easily to twentieth century provision of massive amounts of arc.con@btinternet .com what I have been realising for some industry than to nineteenth. power where would we be? 19, Crondall Lane, Farnham, Surrey months, which is that industrial Is it not time that the study of A ‘retired’ power station or two GU9 7BG Britain did not die because it ceased twentieth century Industrial History would provide superb examples of to be a world leader in textiles, ship should be brought more to the fore the work of designers, electrical, building and other heavy industry and encouraged as an under- mechanical and civil engineers as and that little of modern industry investigated field? well as the contributions of has left anything in the way of John McGuiness chemists, water purification workers

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INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —11 NEWS The IWA responds to SS Robin arrives in the Government London Consultation After an absence of over three years The Inland Waterways Association (I A News 147 pages 13 & 20) SS (IWA) has submitted its detailed Robin arrived back in London on response to Defra’s consultation Wednesday 13 July 2011. It was a document – A New Era for the very dull day, making photography Waterways – on the Government’s difficult and Robin on its pontoon proposals to transfer the canals and and accompanying tugs were rivers managed by British already in the King George V Waterways to a charitable body. entrance lock by 10.00 am. The The 25 page response by IWA appearance of Robin now resembles not only answers the questions more that of a real ship following posed by Defra in its consultation exposure to the weather at Tilbury document, but raises other issues and the full-sized model or ‘giant that Government has, in IWA’s ship-in-a-bottle’ effect we noticed opinion, missed and that the interim when she first arrived in the Thames trustees need to additionally take Estuary has mellowed. SS Robin in KGV entrance lock 13 July 2011 Photo: Robert Carr into account. It also offers practical About eleven o’clock the tugs took the venerable steam coaster to advice and solutions for many of the page with an illustrated article sand store for the adjacent foundry a berth on the north side of Royal issues raised. inside reporting the speeches of Sir and still survives. After his death and Albert Dock not far from the Clive Henderson, IWA national Robin Wales and Nishani Kampfner the decline of his industrial empire, Connaught Road swing bridge chairman, said: of the SS Robin Trust. the ironworks lay idle for some where the vessel was welcomed to “IWA still sees clear advantages Robert Carr years until 1842. It became once the London Borough of Newham by for Britain’s navigable inland again an important works and the Mayor, Sir Robin Wales, and waterways being managed by a eventually closed in 1991. The site is formal speeches were made. Later in third sector body. However, several John Wilkinson and still privately owned but a dedicated the day, with the official business concerns about the consultation Brymbo Hall team of enthusiasts is working over the tugs took the Robin on her proposals remain, primarily is the In July 2011, members of towards restoration when funding is pontoon through the Connaught apparent lack of funding necessary Manchester Region Industrial available. They have a massive task passage into Royal Victoria dock to maintain the waterways in a safe Archaeology Society, as part of a ahead. and the small party of onlookers and usable condition, a matter on five-day residential course, visited Brymbo is also a site of national were treated to the now quite rare which IWA recently gave evidence the former iron and steel works at and international geological spectacle of the swing bridge in to the All Party Parliamentary Brymbo in Denbighshire. In 1792 importance. About 14m of Coal operation. Waterways Group chaired by the Rt John Wilkinson bought the Brymbo Measures are exposed along with It has been suggested that Hon Alun Michael MP. Hall estate of c. 500 acres, not far two coal seams. In 2005 the remains Robin might go to the historic ships We believe that the indicative from Bersham, where furnaces and of a stand of fossil club mosses and collection which may be set up at funding currently does not appear to other plant had already been horsetails (Calamites) were found in the former Blackwall point power stack up in delivering a sustainable installed by Wilkinson. The estate position of growth having been station jetty, but an attitude charity. It appears conservatively to had coal and iron ore and in 1796 drowned almost instantaneously by expressed in Newham is that be some £15- £45 million p.a. short Wilkinson established a new the deposition of sediment and ‘Greenwich already has the Cutty of what is required. Incidentally, by ironworks. He built the blast preserved (This is 290m years ago). Sark and they let her burn down. way of comparison, that is between furnace, known as Old No.1, which The preserved upright stumps are up Robin was built on Bow Creek and is around 180- 550 metres worth of ran until 1894. It was then used as a to two metres high. The discovery the Government’s proposed High ours’. (See I A News 142 page 17). Speed rail project. Additionally, BW The present intention is that has already revised its figures for Robin will stay in Victoria Dock near charitable giving down from £8.5m the Millennium Mills while further as stated in the consultation fitting-out work takes place. In document to £5.5-6m. We always particular the pontoon, the inside of thought the figures were too which presently resembles the optimistic, and they may be they still empty interior of an oil tanker, has are. to be converted to provide public IWA believe that much of the accommodation. This will include a overall funding deficit could be substantial display gallery for art ameliorated by adopting simple and other events, together with solutions such as Government eating, educational and office retaining the liability for the pension facilities. Additional funding also fund for current retired BW has to be raised to complete the employees and simple indexing of project and enable Robin to be the Government’s funding financially viable for years ahead. settlement. There was television coverage of We additionally hope that our Robin’s arrival in London that response document will inform and evening and the following aid others in their efforts to respond Wednesday the Stratford Recorder Wilkinson’s Furnace at Brymbo, July 2011 John Wilkinson fully to the consultation.” mentioned the event on the front Photo: Derek Brumhead Photo: Wolverhampton Arts and Museums Service

12 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 NEWS has been compared with the most Prince of Wales and the future famous Coal Measures fossil forest Kaiser Wilhelm II (Kaiser Bill). DOROTHEA of all at Joggins in the Bay of Fundy. Trains ran to and from Derek Brumhead Kidlington with some through trains to Oxford. The GWR 517 class 0-4-2 RESTORATIONS tank locomotive 1473, named ‘Fair Surrey Heath Rosamund’ for a royal visit in 1898, Archaeological and was the regular engine and worked LTD Heritage Trust receives the branch from the 1890s at least up to the late 1930s. However Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex Conservation Award following competition from local The 2011 Conservation Award of the bus services the number of trains on CONTRACTORS AND CONSULTANTS IN THE Surrey Industrial History Group was the line was progressively reduced CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC METALWORK, presented to the Surrey Heath and by 1952 there were only six MACHINERY AND WIND/WATER MILLS Archaeology and Heritage Trust on trains a day, the line finally closing Saturday 9 July 2011 in recognition in February 1957. The track was Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric of its rescue and maintenance of the lifted but the station building railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of former County Police Station at 4-10 survived. 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert London Road, Bagshot, and its Many residents of Woodstock Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on adaptation and use as the Surrey were fond of the station building Heath Archaeology Centre. The Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even and were generally in favour of its the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! award was commemorated by the retention, regarding it as part of the presentation of a plaque by Mr heritage of the area. In this they Robert Bryson (Chairman, Surrey were vigorously supported by the Over 100 man years experience Industrial History Group) to Mr local council. The station had been Malcolm Henderson (Chairman, acquired by Berkeley Homes and Northern Works: New Road, Whaley Bridge, via Stockport, Surrey Heath Archaeological and there has been a long-running Heritage Trust). The award is the Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson debate over the redevelopment of Tel: (01663) 733544 Fax: (01663) 734521 29th in the series of annual awards the site with two planning made by the Surrey Industrial applications refused. A press report Southern Works: Unit 1B, Barton Hill Trading Estate, History Group. earlier this year indicated that a Barton Hill, Bristol BS5 9RD. Contact: Geoff Wallis The Surrey Heath consensus had been reached, a Tel: (0117) 9715337 Fax: (0117) 9771677 Archaeological and Heritage Trust varied range of houses was to be was formed in 1989 from a branch built and the station retained, of the Surrey Archaeological Society. probably with adaptive reuse. It was given a 20-year lease of the However a recent visit found no DC, “it is simply not within the Whilst an isolated incident, Bagshot police-station building by station and two sizeable executive jurisdiction of Local Authorities, ‘Bunnygate’ is concerning in a the Surrey County Council, at a homes. With changes in planning irrespective of whether or not the climate of increasingly business-led peppercorn rent (later increased to legislation on the way this could be Localism Bill becomes statute in its planning. As the Archaeology Forum £300 p.a.) while the Trust restored it a presage of things to come. current form, to ignore national comments in its statement, Cllr The present building succeeded Robert Carr Planning guidance, existing heritage Melton’s proposals are “an one built in 1849. It was built on statute and relevant case law.” interesting illustration of what the land provided by the Duke of Debate and further reaction future of business-led, Connaught for use in perpetuity by Bunnygate – a Fenland continued across the sector. neighbourhood planning might look the police or the county. It contained Furore Respondents include – amongst like in a deregulated world.” not only police offices and cells but Fenland District Council caused a others – Alliance members the Later Cllr Alan Melton, the accommodation for three officers stir across the sector in June when Council for British Archaeology leader of Fenland District Council, and their families. In 1985 the its Leader, Cllr Alan Melton, (CBA) via the The Archaeology ‘clarified’ his stance on archaeology building was no longer required by delivered a speech declaring that Forum, the Institute for via a statement on the Council’s the police, and it became very the planning authority would Archaeologists and Rescue. Mike web site, saying his controversial dilapidated. Various grants for the remove provisions for Heyworth, CBA Director and Alliance speech aimed to highlight that “the restoration were made, including archaeological investigation in the Trustee, took part in an interview Council wish to pursue a pro active one from ADAPT (Access for district, and “relax conservation with Cllr Melton on BBC Radio 4’s approach to housing growth, Disabled People to Arts Premises rules, particularly around PM programme, in which he economic development and Today)’ sustainability and listed buildings”. reinforced the point that Cllr infrastructure provision”. Referring to historic Melton’s proposals were not only environment professionals as illegal, but would also be damaging First Challenge Fund Woodstock Railway “bunnyhuggers” (for which he later to rate payers and developers. Station apologised during a radio A poll of readers on local news grants announced Woodstock station, in a pleasant interview), Cllr Melton went beyond website EDP24 suggested a strong The Coker Rope and Sail Trust in neoclassical style, was built in 1890 the legal powers available to his degree of opposition to the move, Somerset, George Street Chapel in at the end of a 4 miles long branch council in announcing the measures with a vote of 93 per cent against Cllr Oldham and Clophill Heritage Trust line from the GWR at Kidlington. It as part of his “defining policy Melton’s proposals. A petition in Bedfordshire have received grants served the village of Woodstock and statement and announcement of the against Fenland DC’s plans has so far of £180,000, £100,000 and more importantly nearby Blenheim year.” As Dr Simon Collcutt of collected over 2,500 signatures, and £100,000 respectively to rescue Palace. In its heyday passengers Oxford Archaeological Associates a Facebook campaign attracted 1159 their historic buildings. The grants included Winston Churchill, the pointed out in a letter to Fenland members in just over one week. are the first to be disbursed from the

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —13 NEWS

Challenge Fund – a £2 million fund Richmond upon Thames Council previously obtained planning Conservation and heritage comprising £1 million from the versus John Johnson, the Judge permissions for some partial experts were called by both the Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation made some helpful comments about demolitions in order to refurbish and Prosecution and Defence. One matched by £1m from English the importance of retaining original extend the house, he had never prosecution expert memorably Heritage, administered by Alliance historic fabric as opposed to applied for the necessary opined: “There is a fundamental Member the Architectural Heritage creating a replica, and spoke of the Conservation Area Consent to cultural difference between an Fund (AHF). contribution that individual demolish the entire building. Had he original artefact of historical and The Dawes Twine Works buildings make to the character of a done so it is likely that planning aesthetic interest, which has building is believed to be the most Conservation Area. officers would have recommended survived from history, and a modern complete surviving example of a In July 2007 Mr Johnson and his refusal. The demolition led to anger replica. If not, then there would be rural rope works in the country. The wife bought a semi-detached house and consternation among Mr no reason why, for instance, the realignment will involve moving the at 6 Trafalgar Road in Twickenham Johnson’s neighbours who were National Gallery should not replace entire roof and returning the sunken for just over a million pounds. The rightly proud of their rather all its original paintings with structure to its original footprint and house was an old but elegant late beautiful conservation area. photographic replicas”. is the first of a number of distinct, Regency/early Victorian villa in the Mr Johnson pleaded guilty at After two days of submissions separate phases that the heart of the Trafalgar Road his first appearance in the and evidence, His Honour Judge partnership, which includes the Conservation Area. It was believed magistrates’ court. He asked to be Dodgson ruled that this was “one of Coker Rope and Sail Trust, South to be at least 165 years old and had sentenced there and then. However the worst cases of its kind”. Mr Somerset District Council and the been designated as a “Building of since the maximum fine available in Johnson was “highly culpable” and Industrial Buildings Preservation Townscape Merit” (sometimes the magistrates’ court was only the effect on his closest neighbour Trust, will deliver. The partnership referred to as “locally listed”). Its £20,000 (and/or 6 months (whose semi was now divorced from wants to bring the Dawes Twine smaller scale detailing enjoyed the imprisonment) the prosecution its partner) was characterised as Works back to life as a destination protection of an “Article 4 (1) argued that the case was too “devastating”. “It may be” the centre for the history of rope and Direction” removing permitted serious to justify the limited Judge stated “that in a few years, to sail. The next steps will include a full development rights. The twelve pairs penalties available in the a casual observer, the visual impact structural repair and then the of houses on Trafalgar Road magistrates’ court. The magistrates [of the rebuild] will be unnoticeable, refurbishment of the machinery and represented one of the earliest agreed and committed Mr Johnson but nothing can alter the fact that it workings. South Somerset District examples of the erection of an for sentence to Kingston Crown is a replica”. Council is fully supporting this work. estate of semi-detached buildings in Court where the fine is unlimited The defendant was fined the country. In 1979 the London (and two years imprisonment is £80,000, which is believed to be the Borough of Richmond’s available, although a prison highest recorded fine for an offence Record fine for “Conservation Study for the sentence was never considered of demolishing an unlisted house in Trafalgar Road Conservation Area” appropriate in this case). Conservation Area. In addition Mr unauthorised noted: “Any demolition of original The defence argued that Johnson was ordered to pay demolition buildings in this area would following a rebuild any damage £42,500 prosecution costs (as well A record fine of £80,000 plus represent a great loss in the history would be minimal. The prosecution as his own substantial legal costs). £42,500 costs has been awarded for and uniqueness of this area and disagreed and the issue was decided In default of payment, the the unauthorised demolition of an would permanently damage its at a “Newton-trial” (which is a defendant would have to serve 21 unlisted £1m Victorian house in the appearance”. mini-trial before a Judge-alone to months imprisonment. Trafalgar Road Conservation Area of However in January 2011 Mr decide issues that may impact More details from Twickenham, south-west London. Johnson ordered its complete significantly on the level of localgovernmentlawyer.co.uk In the case of Royal Borough of demolition. Although he had sentence).

NOTICES

Archives, Artefacts, and academic which maylead to co- currently mothballed Derby Silk Mill heritage management since the operation in preserving and using Museum, which contains the early 1980s. Amateurs and collections, and furthering our Midland Railway Archive, will be Other speakers include Dr Academics understanding of the past and its specially opened to hold the Valerie Johnson, Research and The Derby Conference Centre relevance to the future. concluding sessions. Policy Manager at the National 20-21 April 2012 During the workshop use will be Transport between the various Archives, Tim Procter; Archivist at made of several sites within the venues will be provided by vintage the National Railway Museum, and This workshop, organised and Derby area, each with significance bus. Roger Shelley; Principal Keeper, supported by the Business Archives for transport, business, and heritage The sessions will feature Derby Museum. There will also be Council and the Historical Model studies. speakers from both the amateur and presentations by the Scottish-based Railway Society, seeks to explore The Derby Conference Centre, professional fields. The keynote Ballast Trust, plus members of the and expand co-operation between formerly the London Midland and address will be given by Peter Stone Roy Burrow’s Midland Railway Trust, volunteer-led societies involved in Scottish Railway School of OBE, Professor of Heritage Studies the Railway Canal and Historical the transport heritage and business Transport, will provide and Head of the School of Arts and Society and the Historical Model history fields and the academics, accommodation and host the Cultures at Newcastle University. Railway Society. archivists and museum opening sessions, including the From 1998 to 2008 Professor Stone For more details contact: Dr Roy professionals working in the same keynote address. The following was Hon. Chief Executive Officer of Edwards, Faculty of Business & Law, areas. The event aims to prompt an morning the workshop will move to the World Archaeological Congress. Building 2, University of awareness of what these various the Historical Model Railway Peter has been involved with the Southampton, Highfield, groups are doing, and to start a Society’s Museum and Study Centre integration of amateurs and Southampton, SO17 1BJ. dialogue between the enthusiast at Swanwick. In the afternoon the professionals in archaeology and

14 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 REGIONAL NEWS Lincolnshire Sleaford Maltings Members attending the AIA Lincoln Conference in 2009 were taken to the Grade II* Bass Maltings at Sleaford, described as the finest example of industrial-scale floor maltings in Britain (see AIA News 151, p3). This fabulous range of buildings (some of which have been damaged by fire) has been a headache for planners and preservationists alike through the sheer size and number of buildings involved. In 2003 the Prince of Wales’s Phoenix Trust commissioned a feasibility study into how these buildings could be reused and at the time of the Conference visit ambitious plans for a development of mixed uses were described by Gladedale Special Projects Ltd. It has taken years of hard work and a lot of money to bring this to the planning approval stage, with the design of windows being a particular problem. However, earlier this year full planning permission was granted and it is hoped that economics and the availability of Sleaford Maltings Photo: David Lyne tenants will enable work to start on returning these buildings to change. The work of developers ING historic buildings around the quays. Camborne and Redruth occupation soon. and that of the Harveys Foundry An interesting article in the local Regeneration work in nearby Stephen Betteridge via David Lyne Trust could signify a new future for press highlighted another less Camborne has resulted in the loss of the port, and one which takes known part of Hayle’s story – the more buildings related to the town’s South West account of its very special history. bromine factory established there in engineering giant Holman Brothers. Activity in recent months has the 1930s. This produced bromine, At a time when interest in their story England uncovered such aspects of its history required as an anti-knock additive has never been higher, as witnessed as a sand drag on the former branch for aviation fuel, from seawater. by the very successful showings Hayle railway to the wharves (dating from Local miners dug a tunnel beneath from the Holman Film Archive The port of Hayle was a creation of 1852), early sluicing arrangements the harbour to feed the plant. ING organised by the Trevithick Society, the Industrial Revolution and for for the harbour which could be has now lodged a series of planning the remains of the enterprise on the 200 years served the mines and reinstated, and wooden slipways applications and has also indicated ground grow fewer and fewer. That foundries of West Cornwall. Most of going back to the port’s eighteenth that it might convey the harbour the general public locally do care the port and harbour remained in century origins. Meanwhile the itself to a local trust funded from about this was demonstrated by the private ownership, latterly that of Foundry Trust has continued its work ground rents. outcry when yet another piece of Harvey & Co, a company which in in conserving and reusing the Holman heritage, the former the nineteenth century had a Assembly Rooms, once the Holman national and international company museum, were to be reputation. By the time of Harvey’s demolished. In this case sense bicentenary in 1979 they were part prevailed and it would seem that of a large company of builders’ the building should now survive. So merchants. In 1983 the entire port of too will part of the frontage to Hayle, some 550 acres, was put up Number 3 Rock Drill Works. for sale in 10 lots. A property Activity such as in Camborne company bought most of the land has led to a degree of scepticism and unveiled redevelopment about the benefits of World Heritage proposals. These were to be the first status for Cornish Mining. So it was of a series from an ever- changing good to see some activity in this cast of owners, in a roller coaster area over the summer. First a ride of unfulfilled aspirations, which Japanese delegation visited on a has continued virtually to the fact-finding mission and secondly a present day. large meeting was convened to Now, over twenty years, later review the benefits of WHS status there seems the possibility that and how it might be maximised in Hayle may be on the verge of Holman Number 3 Works, frontage to be retained Photo: Trevithick Society

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —15 REGIONAL NEWS future. The MP for Camborne- Redruth, the heart of the mining area, was very much involved; such interest can only be welcomed. The Heartlands Project at Pool between Redruth and Camborne seeks to regenerate 19 acres of derelict former mining land for public benefit, using some £22 million pounds of Lottery money. Work began in 2010 and is due to finish later this year. The full scope of the project is beyond these notes but at the centre of the site is the former Robinson’s Shaft of South Crofty Mine with its 1854 Cornish engine and steel headgear. The project seeks to restore the engine – possibly to steam – as a gateway to the World Heritage site. The engine stopped in 1954 and was preserved Holman destruction, assembly rooms to left, Trevithick looks on in despair Photo: Trevithick Society in grease in its house. There are many who believe, first that the project is underestimating the Levant original double track tramway, Compressor from Tor Down Quarry. difficulty and complexity of It seems a relatively short time since dating from the nineteenth century, At the time of writing the restoring such a large engine, and the efforts of the Trevithick Society was covered over towards the end compressor had arrived at King secondly that the opening of a ‘Greasy Gang’ brought the 1840 of the mine’s life by a single track Edward Mine and the engine now in further mining heritage site so close beam winding engine at Levant system, probably when the new mill manageable pieces was due to to a number of other sites could Mine back into steam. So it was opened circa 1921. follow shortly. At KEM itself the May have a deleterious effect on the something of a shock to read that Open Day saw the mine’s Holman National Trust’s Cornish engines, the boiler installed for the project is Jaw Crusher being run by a portable now rebadged as East Pool Mine, 18 years old and in need of King Edward Mine steam engine. Work continues on King Edward Mine, Tolgus Tin and replacement. Volunteers have been The Trevithick Society is also in the Holman display in the replica even Geevor Mine. While the working this year on the incline process of dismantling and winder house. A recent acquisition is opening of Robinson’s to the public which rises up the stamps engine; recovering a Ruston 10HRC diesel an early pattern Cornish boiler. This can only be welcome, there is surely they have discovered that the engine and Chicago Pneumatic had had the fire tube and grate a danger of overestimating the removed, the back flue hole plated appetite of most visitors for over and a door inserted at the industrial heritage. Also the delays front. It seems it had then been over the years to the Robinson’s buried for use as an air raid shelter. project mean that most of the other machinery around the shaft has Morwellham Quay disappeared, leaving, as is so often the case, a beam engine denied its Morwellham Quay has reopened context. under its new owners and for the 2011 season has been reaping the benefit of its appearance in the South Crofty BBC’s “Edwardian Farm” series. The reopening of South Crofty mine There is a rumour that another is another long drawn out saga. It series could be based at the port but now appears that the company, this is so far unconfirmed. The whose ultimate owners seem to Friends of Morwellham, which change regularly, have reached supported the previous owners, agreement with the local authority have now become The Friends of the for a ‘land swap’. This will see the Tamar Valley and will support the mine buildings relocated in the AONB, which covers the area. The Tuckingmill Valley near the 1980s Friends’ annual journal ‘Tamar’ will incline shaft. The current mine site continue; the 2010 issue was the around Cook’s Shaft will then be thirty-second. The previous issue for cleared of all bar the iconic double 2009 contains a most useful short headgear, which again will stand survey of the archaeological devoid of all context. The 1980s excavations at Morwellham from headgear erected by South Crofty 2002 to 2008. It is to be hoped that some years ago on the New Roskear at some point these will be Shaft of Dolcoath has already been published in the detail and quality demolished. format which they merit. Graham Thorne Robinson’s Shaft, South Crofty, see at 2010 AIA Conference Photo: Graham Thorne

16 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 REGIONAL NEWS

now occupy the former covered area London between the wings which once Kempton Park and Kew accommodated railway trains. Bridge Work by the Metropolitan Water Two Government Board Railway Society at Kempton buildings Park pumping station is progressing The Western Central District Post on the restoration of part of the Office (dpo) built about fifty years Hampton and Kempton Park ago was a huge postal sorting centre Waterworks railway, dismantled in situated over a station on the Post 1947. This 2 feet gauge line Office Railway. Although no longer in operated three steam locomotives use for its original purpose the and connected the pumping station building survives, occupying almost with the Thames for the supply of the whole block bounded by New coal, the removal of boiler ash and Oxford Street, High Holborn and the distribution of sand for the Museum Street. It is not immediately waterworks filter beds. It is most noticeable and its great size, 8 to 9 unlikely that the whole of line could storeys high, is quite well disguised, ever be restored but it is intended to blending in fairly well with the run trains on a section of restored surrounding buildings. When the track in conjunction with Kempton Post Office moved out it was used by Great Engines Trust. the British Museum and it has since The Kew Bridge Engines Trust been a venue for art, fashion and and Water Supply Museum Limited marketing events. It is now has been successful in getting a becoming vandalised. Presumably development grant of £127,600 there was a previous, perhaps from the Heritage Lottery Fund. This smaller, Post Office building on the will be used to pay for administrative site as the Post Office Railway was work to facilitate a substantial bid of certainly in use by 1928. nearly £1.8million. Together with There is some similarity funding already agreed from Thames between the present Western Water Utilities Ltd this would enable Central dpo and the Fleet Building, the Trust to proceed with the 70 Farringdon Street EC1, another detailed planning phase of their enormous creation whose giant size proposals for re-developing the is also quite well disguised. It is stone and not concrete as some the Fleet Telex Exchange began here Museum. There is to be greater fairly certain that the architect for popular writers would have it. in May 1959 before the whole emphasis on water supply with the both was Eric Bedford, chief Despite its now somewhat building was completed and in 1963 stationary steam engines placed architect for the Ministry of Public prosaic external appearance, the the new cordless international telex more in context. The Museum may Building and Works from 1951 to Fleet Building, completed in 1960, is switchboard was opened. Fleet had be closed for the first five months of 1970, famous for designing the Post really an exciting place in which a capacity for 12,000 subscriber 2013 for major building work to take Office Tower. The Fleet Building, historically important events lines and until 1970 was the only place, with a grand public reopening which is by Eric Bedford, and the occurred. It was a giant international telex exchange in the that June. Western Central dpo do appear to telecommunications centre 11 country. At 11am on 8 March 1963 be products of the same school. stories high, occupying the whole the first International Subscriber King’s Cross Both are well finished prestigious site between Shoe Lane and Dialling (ISD) call was made from At King’s Cross railway station we public edifices, clad in Portland Farringdon Street. The installation of here by the Lord Mayor of London, can now anticipate what the new Sir Ralph Perring. Calling from the extension at the southwest corner Fleet Building he dialled 13 digits will look like. Initially described by a and was connected to Monsieur detractor as ‘resembling a bracket Jacques Marette, the French fungus’, it is now more attractive Minister of Posts, Telegraphs and and viewed from the northwest has, Telephones, in Paris. perhaps, the appearance of the As part of the telephone STD 1951 Dome of Discovery. With a roof network, a Varley ND I/C exchange span of 465 feet it was ‘unveiled’ in using ferrite core register-translators early August this year – its main opened in the Fleet Building in purpose will be for queuing. 1968. The building also had a To the north on the former ‘museum of telecommunications goods yard site the University of the equipment and techniques’ and Arts London is now opening. This some of the exhibits will have been new University is a combination of transferred to the British Telecom art schools from more central parts Museum, and later to Connected of London. The Cubitt granary of Earth 1851, its flanking buildings and the See www.connected-earth.com/ east and west wings to the north Aboutus/index.htm and wikipedia. have been retained. New buildings Tiles by Dorothy Annan on Fleet Building, Farringdon Street Photo: Robert Carr org/wiki/Connected_Earth

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —17 REGIONAL NEWS

Nine of the 1960 murals by Further south at Ladywell Fields building were made by a local Walthamstow to celebrate the Dorothy Annan in Farringdon Street the Ravensbourne now meanders building firm in 1988-9 and it centenary of the London bus which depict the exciting new age between earth banks creating a appears that these fake builders AEC, the Associated of telecommunications have most attractive local park. There is a ‘improvements’ rendered the factory Equipment Company. This company recently been quite well restored. café and in the recent hot weather unlistable nationally. See was formed at Walthamstow in Although the artist is relatively adults as well as children were www.flickr.com/photos/8866197@N 1912 and moved to Southall in obscure, these hand painted tiles are making use of the facility to paddle 07/1124044235/ and 1979. It is hoped that about twenty worth a visit (see photograph). After in the river. These changes to the ladywell.blogspot.com/2010/08/so- different types of AEC vehicles from fifty years both these Government Ravensbourne are by no means farewell.html] the early 1900s to 1979 will take Buildings, the WC1 dpo and the exceptional; there is a London Rivers part. It is intended to have the Fleet, are now painfully out of Action Plan with similar schemes museum development at fashion and may soon be being implemented on other rivers Walthamstow and Walthamstow completed by the end demolished. such as the Quaggy, Mayes Brook, Crossness of 2012. Roding, Brent and Wandle etc. As reported in IA News 157 page At Crossness pumping station The area south and west of 12, the Pump House Steam & funding from several sources Urban river Lewisham High Street is interesting Transport Museum in Walthamstow including HLF, English Heritage and improvements for its industrial archaeology, with is losing about half its storage the Homes and Communities In Lewisham the River Ravensbourne some striking period architecture space, necessitating the removal of Agency is enabling the Crossness used to be confined in a concrete and street furniture. To the east of artefacts to other sites. For instance Engines Trust to complete some channel and had an unattractive Ladywell railway station about a the driving brake trailer from a 307 urgent restoration work on the main appearance. Following current hundred years ago a local builder class electric multiple unit, built at buildings as well as an entirely new trends towards ‘naturalisation’, in gave family names to a group of Eastleigh c.1955, now has a new exhibition, improved visitor facilities Cornmill Gardens the concrete has seven parallel streets with the result home at the Electric Railway and new access road. Following been replaced by sloping earth that it is now possible to have Museum in Rowley Road, Baginton, closure it is intended to officially re- banks and there are steps down to addresses ranging from Phoebeth on the north side of Coventry open in 2012. the water. Stones have been placed Road, through Arthurdon Road to Airport. Robert Carr in the river bed to produce ripples Elsiemaud Road. On the road bridge An event and vehicle pageant is and local residents are now just north of Ladywell station what being planned for 10 June 2012 at encouraged to linger and admire the appears to be a painted sign view. There is a boarded walk and surviving from the Second World seats are provided. To the south on War proclaims ‘Shelter for 700’. Just the west side of Molesworth Street, to the east the visually interesting the watermill building dating from 1938 art deco factory building of c.1830 (Pevsner London 2 South, Adhesive Specialities Ltd has been 1983 edition page 425) has been demolished. Originally Neuk restored (see photograph) with the Laundry, it was listed locally in addition of a waterwheel on the September 2002. However additions southwest side. enhancing the period style of the

AEC ‘B’ Type converted to mobile pigeon loft during World War I

1830 Mill building, Lewisham Photo: Robert Carr Crossness Pumping Station, Bexley, London Photo: Ian Mansfield

18 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 PUBLICATIONS Local Society and other periodicals received and Historic Engines’ by Peter Stokes and the ‘New Great Space Race’ by David Ashford. There are also contributions on current issues of conservation Abstracts will appear in Industrial Archaeology Review. by Keith Falconer; ‘Industrial World Heritage Sites: from icons to landscapes’ and by Geoff Wallis on ‘Working Historic Machinery – can it be safe?’. Brewery History, 141; 142, Summer 2011 Anyone with an interest in technological history would find this a Brewery History Society Newsletter, 54, Autumn 2011 interesting and thought provoking collection. It would provide a Rolt-like discussion around a bar as to which the great man would read first. Bristol Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 133, Summer 2011 Cumbria Industrial History Society Bulletin, 80, August 2011 Yorkshire Windmills through Time, by Alan Whitworth, Amberley Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 255, Publishing, 2011, 96 pp, 180illus. ISBN 978-1-4456-0605-7. £14.99. August 2011; 256, October 2011 A comprehensive and impressive collection of historic and contemporary photographs of Yorkshire mills with a knowledgeable Hampshire Mills Group Newsletter, 92, Spring 93, Summer, 94 Autumn commentary on their history and present state. This follows two previous 2011 books on the subject and the author has accumulated an encyclopaedic Histelec News, South Western Electricity Historical Society, 48, knowledge which he conveys clearly and succinctly. Although the mills are August 2011 listed in alphabetic order of site, it is a pity that there is no index as some of Historic Gas Times, 68, September 2011 the entries are by name of mill, although sequenced by their, sometimes ICE panel for Historical Engineering Works Newsletter, 130, June unnamed, location. A map would have been even better. 2011; 131, September 2011 Industrial Heritage Vol 35, No 2, 2010 Exhibition Industrial Heritage Association of Ireland Newsletter, 37, August John Smeaton of Austhorpe (1724 – 1792), Father of Civil 2011 Engineering in England. Temple Newsam House, Leeds, 27 May to 2 October 2011 Manchester Region Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 135, Temple Newsam was an appropriate venue for an exhibition on John February 2011 Smeaton, as his home, Austhorpe Lodge, was nearby. Born at Austhorpe in Merseyside Industrial Heritage Society Newsletter, 309, June 2011; 1724, he attended Leeds Grammar School. The brilliant clock and instrument 310, August/September 2011 maker, Henry Hindley of York, introduced Smeaton to the world of Midland Wind and Watermills Group Newsletter, 100, August 2011 mechanics. Smeaton became a scientific instrument maker in London and began to attend meetings of the Royal Society, becoming a Fellow in 1753. Northamptonshire Industrial Archaeology Group Newsletter, 117, He became interested in engineering applications and went on to receive (in Winter 2011; 119, Summer 2011 1759) the Royal Society’s prestigious Copley Medal for investigations into North East Derbyshire Industrial Archaeology Society, Newsletter wind and water power applications. 43, August 2011 Smeaton’s great breakthrough was his successful rebuilding of the Northern Mills Newsletter, 1, June 2011 Eddystone Lighthouse, outside Plymouth, and he subsequently became the Piers: the Journal of the National Piers Society, 100, Summer 2011 first man to describe himself as a Civil Engineer. The exhibition included 11 wall panels, each featuring an aspect of Smeaton’s life and work. Other Scottish Industrial Heritage Society Bulletin, 60, September 2011 exhibits included two portraits, a collection of tools which Smeaton had Search: the Bulletin of the South Wilts IA Society, 94, September made himself and a treadle lathe which he used. The Eddystone Lighthouse 2011 was explained by models and pages from descriptive books of the time. A Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 117, August local link included drawings and details of the “Engine erected for the L(or)d 2011 Visc(oun)t Irwin at Temple Newsam in 1770”. This was a type of hydraulic Suffolk Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 114, August 2011 ram which supplied water to the house. Another local link was that Smeaton presented Lady Irwin with “The best account he is able to give of the Surrey Industrial History Group Newsletter, 181, May; 182, July 2011 weights and measures used in the Coal Trade, so far as they have come to WaterWords: News from the Waterworks Museum, Hereford, his notice”. Lady Irwin was concerned to be sure that she was receiving Summer 2011 correct payment for coal being carried over her land which lay across the Worcestershire IA and Local History Society, Newsletter, August route of the Middleton Railway, south of the River Aire. 2011 Other panels listed and described Smeaton’s work on wind and water Yorkshire Archaeological Society Industrial History Section mills, steam engines, bridges, harbours and canals. Smeaton’s major land Newsletter, 81, Spring; 83, Autumn 2011 drainage work covered Hatfield Chase in Lincolnshire, where 17,000 acres were tackled between 1776 and 1789. A comprehensive and interesting exhibition, although mounted on the Books second floor of Temple Newsam, near the end of the “visitor route”. Perhaps a more direct route to the Smeaton displays could have been signposted – Landscape with Technology, Essays in honour of LTC Rolt, edited by and the doorway into the exhibition itself could also have been more clearly Prof Angus Buchanan, Millstream Books, 2011. 128pp, 36illus. ISBN 978-0- marked. 948975-92-9. £10. Henry Gunston Issued in memory of Tom Rolt, this volume comprises nine essays by Rolt Fellows and members of the History of Technology Seminar at the University IA News would be pleased to publish reports on special exhibitions. of Bath. It would be difficult to imagine a wider variety of subjects which However, the production schedule means that in most cases they will not be range from ‘The Birth of British Gunpowder Engineering Overseas: the case distributed until after the exhibition has closed. of the Mole at Tangier’ by Brenda Buchanan to ‘Engineering Education in Ed the age of Microelectronics’ by Robin Morris. On the way there are essays on ‘The Lost Distilleries of Bristol and Bath, 1775-1815’ by Mike Bone, ‘Managing a West Indian Sugar Estate’ by Owen Ward, ‘James Nasmyth: VISIT THE AIA WEBSITE Engineering Astronomer’ by Angus Buchanan, ‘Testing Times: Aerospace www.industrial-archaeology.org

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —159 —19 DIARY

14 – 16 DECEMBER 2011 22 – 28 APRIL 2012 4-11 NOVEMBER 2012 RAILWAYS AND SPEED MALTA THE (AMERICAN) XV TICCIH INTERNATIONAL Information for the diary International conference. Two SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE: POST- centuries of speed on the railways, ARCHAEOLOGY 2012 STUDY COLONIALISM & should be sent directly to the thirty years of high-speed trains. TOUR INDUSTRIALISATION – THE Editor as soon as it is International Union of Railways, 9, Looking at how the island has INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE OF available. Dates of mailing OTHERS TAIPEI TAIWAN rue du Château-Landon, F-75010 experienced the high technology and last dates for receipt of Paris www.ahicf.com that comes with being a military The meeting will examine the close base and meeting place of many connections between historical, copy are given below. Items 20 – 21 APRIL 2012 cultures. political, racial, environmental, will normally appear in ARCHIVES, ARTEFACTS, Full details: www.sia-web.org economical, technical, and social AMATEURS AND successive issues up to the questions of industrial heritage. Info date of the event. Please ACADEMICS 28 APRIL 2012 and draft timetable: www.ticcih.org Workshop at the Derby Conference SERIAC 2012 Contact: Dr. Hsiao-Wei Lin: ensure details are sent in if Centre. See page 14 for details St Bartholomew’s School, Newbury [email protected] you wish your event to be hosted by Berkshire Industrial 21 APRIL 2012 Archaeology Group. 8- 10 NOVEMBER 2012 advised. INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AT www.biag.org.uk. Details and IRON 2012, INTERNATIONAL RISK More Diary Dates can be CONFERENCE, IRONBRIDGE At Ironbridge. Speakers include Booking Form from Graham Smith Following on from the successful found on the AIA website at Shane Gould who is leading the 114 Shaw Road Newbury RG14 1HR Fe09 conference, Iron 2012 will www.industrial- English Heritage programme to [email protected] bring together metallurgy, heritage, identify industrial heritage at risk. archaeology.org 7 – 12 JUNE 2012 landscape and archaeological AIA Awards and their cheques will FIFTH INTERNATIONAL experts from home and abroad to also be presented that day. EARLY RAILWAYS present and discuss recent, current CONFERENCE CAERNARFON and future strategies of research, 21 APRIL 2012 For further information see SWWRIAC including the management and www.erc5.org.uk The South Wales and West Region IA future of historic iron-related Conference will be held at the Kings 10 – 16 AUGUST 2012 industrial landscapes. Further details of Wessex School in Cheddar, hosted AIA ESSEX CONFERENCE and a call for papers will be by Somerset IA Society. Chelmsford Essex See page 10 announced in late 2011/early 2012. Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust. INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS (formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051) ISSN 1354-1455

Editor: Chris Barney

Published by the Association for Industrial Archaeology. Contributions should be sent to the Editor, Chris Barney, The Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury, Rugby CV23 8EN. News and press releases may be sent to the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional Correspondents. The Editor may be telephoned on 01926 632094 or e-mail: [email protected]

Final copy dates are as follows:

1 January for February mailing 1 April for May mailing 1 July for August mailing 1 October for November mailing

The AIA was established in 1973 to promote the study of Industrial Archaeology and encourage improved standards of recording, research, conservation and publication. It aims to assist and support regional and specialist survey groups and bodies involved in the preservation of industrial monuments, to represent the interests of Industrial Archaeology at national level, to hold conferences and seminars and to publish the results of research. The AIA publishes an annual Review and quarterly News bulletin. Further details may be obtained from the Liaison Officer, AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846.

The views expressed in this bulletin are Copper wash still on display at Midleton Distillery Photo: Bill Barksfield not necessarily those of the Association for Industrial Archaeology.

20 © Association for Industrial Archaeology, November 2011 Registered in England under the Companies Act 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Act 1960 (No. 277511) Registered office: c/o IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ Produced by TBC Print Services, Blandford Forum, Dorset DT11 7DX