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EXPLORERS China Exploration and Research Society VOLUME 21 NO A NEWSLETTER TO INFORM AND ACKNOWLEDGE CERS’ FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS CHINA since 1986 EXPLORERS CHINA EXPLORATION AND RESEARCH SOCIETY VOLUME 21 NO. 4 EDUCATION/INTERNSHIP SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 3 Money Mushroom: Matsutake as Gift and Commodity 22 Gratitude and Grace 6 Balancing Tibetan and Western Medical Practice 24 “Life, as one” 8 The Changing Landscape of Tibetan Buddhism 27 Expect the Unexpected 10 Preservation or Diminishment? Tibetan Culture and 30 Smiles of Nature Language amidst Technological Development 32 Thoughts 12 Sacred Mountains and How They Craft Cultural Identity 35 Mayflies / Barefoot 14 Technology vs. Teachings 36 Student Bios / Current Patrons 16 Cultural Landscapes: How Modernization and Tourism CLOCKWISE FROM TOP: will Shape Shangri-La CERS crew, biologists, students & teachers on HM 18 The Golden Monkeys and Lisu Village Explorer in Myanmar. Shangri-la Old Town in evening. 19 A blunt confession Duke & Stanford students work with local Tibetan students. Board walk to sacred mountain. Founder / President A NEWSLETTER TO INFORM AND ACKNOWLEDGE CERS' FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS WONG HOW MAN Directors: CHINA DR WILLIAM FUNG, CERS Chairman, Chairman of Li & Fung Group CHENG KAI MING EXPLORERS Professor at the University of Hong Kong CHRISTABEL LEE CHINA EXPLORATION AND RESEARCH SOCIETY Managing Director, Toppan Vintage Limited VOLUME 21 NO.4 EDUCATION/INTERNSHIP SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 VIC LI, Co-founder Tencent AFONSO MA Introductory Message MARTIN MA OLIVER MOWRER SILSBY III y tech friends were arguing DERRICK PANG the other day in a chat CEO of Chun Wo Group group about what needs to ELIOTT SUEN be done to overhaul the US JANICE WANG CEO of Alvanon educational system. They GILBERT WONG Mall agreed that traditional education was useless, Founder Chairman of Bull Capital and what was needed was marketable skills to WELLINGTON YEE prepare graduates to be productive members of BILLY YUNG society under the fourth industrial revolution. Group Chairman, Shell Electric Holdings Ltd. “They should all learn to code,” one offered, and Advisory Council: that seemed to be the consensus. CYNTHIA D’ANJOU BROWN Philanthropy Adviser It seems to me now that, rather than chasing an ERIC S. CHEN I couldn’t help thinking of a recent article that I ever-changing job market and trying to prepare Vice Chairman, SAMPO Corporation had read in The Economist, which pointed out students to be useful cogs in an industrial JAmeS CHEN machine, we should focus on preparing them to Managing Director, Legacy Advisors Ltd. that jobs for programmers would soon become adapt to change, to think critically, to be good JUDITH-ANN CORRENTE obsolete as AI and Machine Learning replaced Philanthropist, President of Met Opera those functions. So would jobs for financial citizens, and to find fulfillment in their lives. My MONEY MUSHROOM: DANCHEN analysts, lawyers, radiologists and accountants. goal now is to help students to learn how to learn, Former Vice-Party Secretary of Tibet Vice-President, China Writer’s Federation Instead, the author predicted, the only remaining how to reason, and how to appreciate. Above all, MATSUTAKE AS GIFT HANS MICHAEL JEBSEN employment in the future might very well be I want to help them to connect to a world outside Chairman of Jebsen & Co. Ltd. in “low-productivity” jobs that served wealthy of their own, building a platform of experiences BARRY LAM investors; jobs that could not be done by so that they will be able to always feel deeply any AND COMMODITY Chairman, Quanta Computer, Taiwan DAVID MONG machines: traditional butler, concert musician, injustice committed in any part of the world. By Alex Miley Chairman, Shun Hing Education and Charity Fund artisanal cheese-maker. Stanford University DR MICHAEL J. MOSER Our all-student issue of China Explorer this International Attorney In fact, it seemed to me, our ability to predict the year illustrates this with offerings that explore TUDENG NIMA Tibetan Scholar demands of the job market in 25 years, or for that a remarkable diversity of questions and issues. he matsutake mushroom is regarded as one of the top JOHN E. STRICKLAND matter in 10 years, is abysmally poor. Let alone From recognizing the value of disappearing ten food luxuries in the world, with an industry valued Retired Chairman, HSBC our ability to predict what will actually matter indigenous technology like the cross-bow, to between one and two billion US dollars. In 2007, high-end CERS Field Staff: most in later life. Many of the college lessons that unravelling the connections between global Science Director matsutake was being sold for more than $4,000 a kilogram, WILLIAM BLEISCH, PhD, I remember most often today were offered up in markets and the rural economy of the Tibetan CAO ZHONGYU, Logistics Support with average years reaching upwards of $2,000. These TSERING DROLMA, Education Officer classes that I thought at the time were a lark – fun borderlands, to foreseeing the future of sacred are some of the fast facts for matsutake, but not the main focus of this LI NA, Kunming Admin. Officer but useless: Field Botany, Marine Ichthyology, landscapes in the face of rapid cultural change, T article, which will instead be a simplified, top-down characterization of LIU HONG, Speleologist Ethnomusicology of South Asia, The Romantic to appreciating the deep joy of the first taste of EI THANTAR MYINT @ Sandra, Country Manager, Myanmar the matsutake trade, the elaborate supply chain from picker to consumer, Poets, and Samuel H. Beer’s masterpiece of a freshly collected wild bee honey, the contributors SU HLAING MYINT, CERS Field Biologist and a social view of the transformation between gift and commodity ASTOR WONG, Staff Anthropologist course Western Thought and Institutions. Who have taken deep dives into first hand experiences during the transportation process. WANG JIAN, Kunming Director would have predicted then that these would be that no classroom can offer. CERS is proud to be ZHANG FAN, China Director the classes that have served me the most in my able to showcase their fresh talent, curiosity and A quick overview about the history of the matsutake leads to the country Headquarters Staff: current career and life? deep connections with a world that was new to BRENDA KAN, Office Manager these young explorers, but has become home for of Japan, which is currently the country that imports almost 100% of the XAVIER LEE, Filmmaker matsutake traded globally. The importance of matsutake in Japan, fueled TRACY MAN, Financial Controller CERS. BERRY SIN, Logistics Director by nostalgia, can be seen in Anna Tsing’s book, The Mushroom at the Editor: End of the World; “You can understand France without knowing truffles, WILLIAM BLEISCH, PhD but you can’t understand Japan without knowing matsutake.” The mushroom was originally considered a delicacy only fit for the imperial Design and Printer: William V. Bleisch, Ph.D. TOPPAN VINTAGE LIMITED Research/Program Director, CERS court, but as time passed it became more accessible to commoners. (852) 2973 8600 Domestic production was the main stream of matsutake production in TOP TO BOTTOM: Japan, until the 1970’s, when production began to drop significantly. Soaked and grilled in yak butter. HOW TO REACH CERS: With respect to the entire contents of this newsletter, including its photographs. Japanese biologists researched the cause of the decline and discovered Tsering Drolma buys a kilogram of “older” matsutake. Unit 7 & 8, 27/F, Tower B, SouthMark, All Rights Reserved. Copyright 2019. @ China Exploration and Research Society. s 11 Yip Hing Street, Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong that forests were diminishing, which was considered a national phone (852) 2555 7776 fax (852) 2555 2661 Please contact CERS for reprint permission. e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cers.org.hk PAGE 2 CHINA EXPLORATION AND RESEARCH SOCIETY CHINA EXPLORATION AND RESEARCH SOCIETY PAGE 3 tragedy. They later found the cause to be acid rain, which was linked to pollution generated by Chinese factories. As a result, Japan decided to utilize their technological advantage to assist China with greener factories. In return, this helped relations between the two countries . Japan also started importing Matsutake from abroad. There are various theories of how matsutake production got started in Yunnan Province of China, but one constant theme is that Japan was seeking out opportunities in other countries, not that other countries were redirecting their resources to Japan. All in all, matsutake imports after 1980 began to blossom, and the skeleton for the current matsutake trade was formed. In her landmark book, Anna Tsing explores why there are so many middlemen in the supply chain. She asks if removing them would even be possible; “…would local pickers appreciate the monetary gain or are the personal relationships far more important?” Where does the chain all start? The matsutake trade is initiated by pickers that are either local or commercial. All ages and genders participate in the picking, and they have many reasons. For one, the mushroom are quite lucrative and can be picked any day of the week during the season, which is very important for individuals that already have demanding jobs. Next, going below the surface, individuals will often have a family tradition or feel nostalgic about the process of picking. Many pickers point to the smell as the biggest trigger of fond memories, as well as the best way to find matsutake in the forest. In addition, pickers often go back to familiar spots where they found a cluster in the past. These insights were provided by Tashi Drolma, a CERS staff that has been picking since she was six when she went with her mother. Drolma led the CERS group through a specific supply chain highlights the Shangri-La matsutake market, which mini matsutake picking experience.
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