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Mapping England's Trade Through Depictions in English Emblems. Valerie J

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Mapping England's Trade Through Depictions in English Emblems. Valerie J East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2011 Mapping England's Trade Through Depictions in English Emblems. Valerie J. Erickson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Erickson, Valerie J., "Mapping England's Trade Through Depictions in English Emblems." (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2258. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2258 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mapping England‟s Trade Through Depictions in English Emblems ____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History ____________________ by Valerie J. Erickson May 2011 ____________________ Dr. Brian Maxson, Chair Dr. Henry Antkiewicz Dr. Doug Burgess Dr. Melvin Page Keywords: English Emblems, English trade, English shipping, English Empire, Empire-building, colonial expansion. ABSTRACT Mapping England‟s Trade Through Depictions in English Emblems by Valerie J. Erickson This thesis explores the growing interaction between England and foreign countries comparing their trade with contemporary later sixteenth century and seventeenth century English emblems. The emblems used are those available over the internet from several different library and university sources. As England expanded its trade throughout the world, English emblems began to show the exchange occurring between England and its various trading partners. Historians have largely overlooked this valuable source of information. By studying emblems historians gain invaluable insight into the economy, society, politics, religion, and other matters with which England was concerned. 2 Copyright 2011 by Valerie J. Erickson, All Rights Reserved. 3 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my husband Joseph for his unending support and enthusiasm. To my children, Tiana, Nora, Trevin, and Arlewyn and my son by marriage, James. Thank you for supporting me and being so patient as you grew up while your mom was following her dream. To my mom, Sandra, for her editorial skills and backing and to my dad, Darwin, for his encouragement. To the wonderful Dr. Jennifer Hall, my deepest appreciation, for a debt I cannot repay, for having introduced me to the world of emblems. To my dear professors, David Knowles and Darrel McGhee, for challenging me, giving me advice, and always believing in me. Lastly, thank you to my thesis committee, Dr. Brian Maxson, Dr. Mel Page, Dr. Doug Burgess and Dr. Henry Antkiewicz for your endless patience, guidance, and teachings. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you greatly to the Bodleian Library, Glasgow University and Pennsylvania State University for allowing me to use images from their collection of emblem books. Thank you to Ms. Emily Redd of East Tennessee State University for her assistance in helping me format my thesis. 5 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………… 2 LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………… 7 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….. 11 2. ANDREA ALCIATO AND THOMAS PALMER…………………………. 17 3. WHITNEY, PS, AND PEACHAM………..……………………………….. 35 4. GEORGE WITHER………………………………………………………… 93 5. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………. 102 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………… 104 VITA………………………………………………………………………………………. 106 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. “By Knowledge Only, Life we Gain, All Other things to Death pertain.” George Wither, A Collection of Emblemes, Ancient and Moderne, Pennsylvania State University 13 2. “Mutuum Auxilium.” Andrea Alciato. Emblematum libri II, University of Glasgow……. 19 3. “In Deo Laetandum.” Andrea Alciato. Livret des Emblemes, University of Glasgow…… 20 4. “Non tibi sed religioni.” Andrea Alciato. Emblematum libri II, University of Glasgow… 21 5. “Cosilio, & virtute Chimaeran Superari, id est, fortiores & deceptores.” Andrea Alciato. Emblemata, University of Glasgow……………………………………………………. 22 6. “Amicitia Etiam Post mortem Durans.” Andrea Alciato. Emblematum Liber, University of Glasgow……………………………………………………………………................... 23 7. “In Ill Audata Lau-dantes.” Andrea Alciato. Emblematum Liber, University of Glasgow 24 8. “Peace.” Andrea Alciato. Emblematum Liber, University of Glasgow………………… 25 9. “Nec quaestioni quidem cedendum.” Andrea Alciato. Les Emblemes, University of Glasgow………………………………………………………………………………… 26 10. “Leopard.” Paul of Devonian farm. Ontology2, website source in figure…………….. 27 11. “Lioness.” Paul of Devonian farm. Ontology2, website source in figure………………. 27 12. “Impossibile.” Andrea Alciato, Emblematum Liber, University of Glasgow…………… 27 13. “Impossibilie.” Andrea Alciato, Emblematum Libellus, University of Glasgow………… 28 14. “Tumulus Iounnis Galeatii vice comitis, primi ducis Mediolani.” Andrea Alciato, Liber Emblematum/Kumstbuch, University of Glasgow…………………………………. 29 15. “Temeritas.” Geffrey Whitney. A Choice of Emblemes and Other Devices, Pennsylvania State University…………………………………………………………………………… 30 16. “Etiam Ferocissimos Domari.” Andrea Alciato, Emblematum Liber, University of Glasgow…………………………………………………………………………………… 31 17. “Impossibile.” Andrea Alciato, Emblemata, University of Glasgow…………………….. 33 7 18. “Nec verbo nec facto quen quam laedendum.” Andrea Alciato. Emblematum Libellus, University of Glasgow…………………………………………………………………... 35 19. “Intestinae simultates.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………………………….……. 39 20. “Te stante, virebo.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………………………………… 40 21. “In Sinualere Serpentem.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………………………………… 41 22. “Otium sortem exspectat.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University…………………………………………………………………………………. 42 23. “Nus quam tuta fides.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University……………………………………………………………………………….… 44 24. “Elephant.” Andrea Alciato. Toutes les Emblemes, University of Glasgow…………… 45 25.“Elephant.” Andrea Alciato. Emblematum libri II, University of Glasgow……………. 45 26. “African and Asian Elephants.” Paul of Devonian farms. Ontology2, website source in figure…………………………………………………………………………… 45 27. “Victoria Cruenta.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………………………………… 47 28. “Auxilio Divino.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………………………………… 49 29. “Res humana in summon declinant.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………….… 52 30. “Constantia comes Victoria.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University…………………………………………………………………………… 54 31. “Aethiopian Lavare.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University…………………………………………………………………………………. 55 32. “Infortunia nostra, alienis collate, leviora.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………. …. 56 33. “Caeus amor prolis.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………………………………… 57 8 34. “In copia minor error.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University………………………………………………………………………………… 58 35. “Stultorum quanto status sublimior tanto manifestior turpitudo.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University……………………………………… 58 36. “Stultorum quanto status sublimior tanto manifestior turpitudo.” Barthelemy Aneau, Picta Poesis, University of Glasgow……………………………………………………… 59 37. “In Curiosos.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University.. 60 38. “Providentia.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University.. 61 39. “Tempore Cuncta mitiora.” Geffrey Whitney. Choice of Emblems, Pennsylvania State University……………………………………………………………………………..…. 62 40. “Plus.” PS. Heroicall Devises of M. Claudius Paradin-Translated into English by PS, Pennsylvania State University……………………………………………………….…… 64 41. “Caecus Amor prolis.” PS. Heroicall Devises, Pennsylvania State University………. 65 42. “Colligavit nemo.” PS. Heroicall Devises, Pennsylvania State University…………… 66 43. “Grandeur, per grand heur.” PS. Heroicall Devises, Pennsylvania State University…. 67 44. “Classis monumenta subactae.” PS. Heroicall Devises, Pennsylvania State University. 68 45. “Ex viroque Caesar.” PS. Heroicall Devises, Pennsylvania State University…………. 70 46. “Flavescent.” PS. Heroicall Devises, Pennsylvania State University…………………. 71 47. “Nisi desuper.” Henry Peacham. Minerva Britanna, Bodleian Library………………. 73 48. “Quem timuisti, timet.” Henry Peacham. Minerva Britanna, Bodleian Library……… 74 49. “Veritas.” Henry Peacham. Minerva Britanna, Bodleian Library…………………….. 76 50. “Patientia Laesa furorem.” Henry Peacham. Minerva Britanna, Bodleian Library…… 77 51. “Merenti.” Henry Peacham. Minerva Britanna, Bodleian Library……………………. 78 52. “Sic vos non vobis.” Henry Peacham. Minerva Britanna, Bodleian Library…………. 79 53. “Umbra tantum.” Henry Peacham. Minerva Britanna,
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