TAMMUZ 5729 / JUNE 1969 VOLUME 6, NUMBER I fHE EWISH FIFTY CENTS

Ferment on Campus - Messianic Implications?

The Faith of an Orthodox Jewish Scientist

Annuol lniex of Articles THE JEWISH QBSERVER

In this issue ...

FERMENT ON CAMPUS - MESSIANIC IMPLICATIONS?, Leo Levi ...... 3

THE FAITH OF AN ORTHODOX JEWISH SCIENTIST, Alvin Radkowsky ...... 6

UNDER ATTACK IN ISRAEL: THE SANCTITY OF SHABBOS

& THE SANCTITY OF MAN ...... 9

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These upheavals represent a fundamental challenge to ... tradi­ tional Western axioms . ... But ... these challenges are not arbitrary; they make good sense and are largely based on an honest evaluation of these institutions in the terms which gener­ ally serve as the basis for their acceptance.

When viewing the unrest on American college campuses, The Origins of the Revolution it is easy to blame it on the Vietnam War; the slow, but The accepted and time-honored institutions are being seemingly irresistable urban decay or the after-effects challenged by nothing more than an unbiased, unin­ of the inhuman treatment of the former slaves. The hibited, and searching scrutiny of their foundations. It convulsions that recently raked France can be explained has been generally accepted that everyone is entitled to as strictly a de Gaulle problem; the world-wide break­ protection of his person from unprovoked attack, to down of standards of morality, as another cycle in the the right to acquire goods from hefker, to exchange history of morals; and the outbreak!! on campuses all his services and the products of his toil for other goods, over Europe, as a passing fad. On the other hand, by as he sees fit, as long as he does not infringe on the so viewing these problems, we may be missing the rights of others to do likewise. It has been accepted crucial significance of our time. that the family was the essential unit of society and These upheavals that this institution could be safeguarded only by the represent a fundamental challenge to such traditional virtues of modesty and sexual restraint. It has been Western axioms as the inviolability of property rights almost universally accepted that society has the duty - and the human freedom based on it. Even more, to set up a legal apparatus charged with the establish­ they challenge such near-universal institutions as gov­ ment and enforcement of laws necessary to protect the ernment and family. But, worst of all, these challenges above-mentioned institutions. But, on what ground are not arbitrary; they make good sense and are largely have these institutions been accepted? On what basis based on an honest evaluation of these institutions in can they demand our support? What about the mem­ the terms which generally serve as the basis for their bers of society who prefer not to subscribe to them? acceptance. The challenge of the modern revolution Foundations of Ethics - Overt seems to differ from earlier challenges in that there is no reasonable alternative offered; indeed, careful ana­ Before the 16th Century, these institutions were based lysis tends to show that there is no reasonable alter­ on divine sanction. In the Western world, and even in native in sight! It is this purely destructive character of the Near East, the sanctity of the Bible was generally the upheaval which surrounds it with such an aura of accepted and served as the foundation of these institu­ doom and lends it its eschatological tone. tions. Then, with the Renaissance and the rise of hu­ manism, the center of gravity gradually shifted from G-d to man. Man became the be-all and end-all of the PROFESSOR LEVI is President of the Orthodox Jewish Scientists of America and a frequent contributor to The Jewish Observer. world, with G-d - at best - relevated to remote, or

The Jetvish Observer I June, 1969 3 at least severely restricted, areas of existence. Both ment with alternatives. No wonder these ideals became individual ethics and social institutions needed new part of his emotional make-up; objectively speaking. foundations. Slowly, expedience came to be accepted he was conditioned - subjectively, he simply "knew as the ultimate basis of ethics, and the concept of the in his heart" they were true, whether, or not, he could social contrnct the foundation of political institutions. defend this faith on rational grounds. It must be admitted that these explanations were clever Thus, for the inventions - a tribute to human ingenuity. They are, past four centuries, the Western codes of ethics and however, no more than that. They suffer from fatal morality have been maintained by a self-perpetuating deficiencies. chain of conditioning - each generation raising the On first sight, expediency seems to be a next with an unreasoned commitment to these codes. valid foundation for personal ethics. It stands to reason Such a chain can be maintained for a long time - that I cannot expect others to respect my rights unless but it cannot be maintained for ever. And the present I agree to respect theirs. But a moment's thought upheavals are simply the result of the breaking up of should convince us that this alchemist attempt to create this chain. ethics out of selfishness can not work. The fly in the ointment is, of course, that expediency can make one The Source of the Breakdown act ethically only as long as I am being observed by As a matter of fact, the development leading to this those whom I wish to impress. When I can hide my break can be traced quite readily. An orientation plac­ unethical behavior, I would be merely foolish to act ing man at the center of interest must be expected ethically. This observation does not imply that all eventually to make him sole arbitor of what is right atheists are unethical; it only means that their ethics and wrong. must have some other foundation, which they may not Now, when facing problems of discover­ even have examined, and to which we return shortly. ing the definition of good and evil, man will be tempted This concept of social contract is surely an important to use the same approach that proved so successful ingredient in any practical political system. The prob­ when applied to scientific and technological investiga­ lem arises only when an individual, or group of indivi­ tions. In these fields, thorough-going skepticism proved duals, opt out of the contract. If the original contract very snccessful and led to steady, impressive progress. was strictly voluntary, the right of everyone to with­ Thinkers proposed the same approach in ethics, and draw, as to refuse to join, must surely be recognized. philosophers like Herbert Spencer predicted that these, Of course, if I feel that my healthy development too, would lead to steady progress, that we must as­ requires me to exercise moral restraint, I must be per­ sume today's ethics to be superior to those of past mitted to practice this. But if I prefer to dispense with millenia and that we can be sure of even higher levels morality, who has the right to stop me? On what of ethics in coining generations.* grounds do college administrators insist on maintaining dormitories for men and women separately? How do Applied to educa­ they know their standards are valid? tion, this theory called for rearing children in a free, undisciplined atmosphere, without preconceived prin­ In the absence of ciples of ethics imposed on them by parents and teach­ divine sanction, neither universal principles of morality, ers. This theory, as proposed by such educators as nor absolute standards of personal ethics, nor com­ John Dewey, soon conquered schools of education and pulsory law have a basis which can be defended ra­ thence, generation by generation, teachers and their tionally. pupils. These pupils absorbed this liberal approach on the intellectual level, although on the emotional level Foundations of Morality -Actual they had already been conditioned to the old ideals. However, when they, in turn, became parents, they no Obviously some atheists are truly ethical and people longer applied the conditioning process to their chil­ do not stay outside the social contract - for long. The dren. Their blind and nnreasoned faith in their system foundations of ethics run deeper than mere expediency. of ethics led them to expect their children to discover What, then, are they in fact? They seem to lie in a this system as their ideal and to espouse it on the basis conditioning process. From childhood on Western man of its "obvious" superiority. They did not recognize was taught that it is good to be honest and to be com­ passionate, to respect the rights of others and to hide *Unfortunately, such expectations have no basis whatsoever in any immoral conduct. He was made to act that way reason; the fact that man lacks any sense enabling hini to and.. eventually, to think that way. His whole environ­ judge lvhat is good and what is evil makes expectations of progress in ethics as unreasonable as in the fine arts. Without ment subjected him to constant re-enforcement of these universal criteria to guide us, we can not evaluate progress, ideas and severely limited his opportunities to experi- 1nuch less 'attain it on a systematic basis.

4 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 For the past four centuries, the Western codes of ethics and morality have been maintained by a self-perpetuating chain of conditioning -- each generation raising the next with an un­ reasoned commitment to these codes. Such a chain can be main­ tained for a long time -- but it cannot be maintained forever. And the present upheavals are simply the result of the breaking up of this chain. Faith in humanistically-based ethics was a crutch that kept West­ ern culture functioning since the Renaissance. When this crutch crumbled with the Holocaust, mankind was faced with its most serious challenge since the spread of monotheistic religion. With the crutch gone, where will mankind turn?

that their feeling of obviousness was simply the echo mankind was faced with its most serious challenge of the conditioning process to which they had been since the spread of monotheistic religion. With the subjected as children. Small wonder they were dis­ crutch gone, where will mankind tum? apppointed ! It is at this point of abject pessimism that we may find a germ for optimism, where we can spy a speck of light at A Lesson of the Holocaust the end of a long, dark tunnel. Certainly, mankind will Jn retrospect, the development just described seem have to purge itself of all the fake, self-deceiving myths inevitable. They seem to have been precipitated at this and faiths, even if this must leave them at the edge of time, however, by an event of major historical signific­ the abyss, without a foothold. And this is what to­ ance - a significance that not enough of our contem­ day's college youth is helping society to do. It is really poraries are aware of. The European Holocaust must not surprising to find them in the forefront of this surely have been more effective than a thousand treati­ purge. They are free enough to see through all the ses to discredit the optimistic Spencerian view of humbug and do not have the wisdom to see the abyss steady human progress. The moral nadir exhibited which awaits mankind at the end of the purge. And, there by a nation in the forefront of cultural develop­ after this purge is complete and all the sham foot­ ment had never been matched in recorded history. holds and rotten crutches are washed away, and there When faced with such striking evidence to the contrary, is nothing more to hold on to, no more guideliness to who could still claim that man is evolving a good direct mankind, a mankind much too sophisticated to ethic? We may never know the full significance of the return to a naive idoltary, what then? Holocaust, but the debunking of the false humanistic­ Perhaps, when liberal philosophy, which put its faith in man alone, men realize that there is no possibility for survival may turn out to have been a major step forward in without a system of ethics and that there can be no the history of human ethical development. honest basis for an ethical system without divine sanc­ tion, then, perhaps, their instinct for survival will make them search earpestly for such a divinely sanc­ The Crumbling Crutch tioned ethic. And, if Israel then be prepared to present Faith in humanistically-based ethics was a crutch it to them, Mankind will finally have arrived. When that kept Western culture functioning since the Renais­ Mankind is ready for Israel, will Israel be ready for sance. When this crutch crumbled with the Holocaust, Mankind? 0

The Je1vish Observer I June, 1969 5 Alvin Radkowsky The Faith of an Orthodox Jewish Scientist

When asked to sacrifice his son, Abraham was faced with two trials: taking his own son's life; and the abnegation of his intellectual integrity. Dr. Radkowsky makes the case that "what ... sustained Abraham, and what must sustain us as well in similar crises, is the conviction that such so-called 'plain' contradictions are APPARENT only and will be re­ solved sooner or later in an entirely satisfactory and logical manner."

Jn contemplating the fundamental and multifaceted lions are apparent only and will be resolved sooner or problems posed by the question of possible conflicts later in an entirely satisfactory and logical manner. between science and Judaism I consider that the Or­ Thus, while our intellectual submission may indeed thodox Jewish scientist should emulate in his attitudes seem abject, it is eminently temporary; it has resulted our father Abraham at the supreme test of the Akeda from our own mental limitations and inadequacy. We (the offering up of his son, Isaac, as a sacrifice). For must have faith and continue to search for greater the trials that faced Abraham were concerned not only understanding of the situation with all our powers until with the prospective physical destruction by his own enlightment comes from Heaven: either directly by a hand of his dearly beloved, long awaited son - who revelation, or by the 'hidden' miracle which appears was his only heir and only hope for posterity - hut to be the result of our own intense efforts. Then we with an even more exquisite sacrifice. This was the will be prepared, just as was Abraham when the Angel abnegation of Abraham's intellectual integrity: first called to him, to accept instantaneously the flash of in the obvious recantation of his lifelong preaching harmonization of G-d's commands. As Rashi explains, that human immolation was not only not desired by Abraham had been told to offer up Isaac, not to sac­ G-d, but was an abomination; second, and most im­ rifice him. Now that Isaac had been offered up, he was portant, in the professed continued acceptance by to be taken down! Abraham of G-d's infallibility in the face of a plain contradiction between Isaac's extinction without chil­ Unassailable Logic dren and the explicit Divine promise that through Isaac On the other hand in a later case of an apparent direct would be born a great nation with a unique mission. contradiction between a Divine prediction and subse­ However, what undoubtedly sustained Abraham, quent experience, Israel's faith was found to be tragi­ and what must sustain us as well in similar crises, is cally wanting with disastrous results. In the episode the conviction that such so-called 'plain' contradic- of the Golden Calf, Rashi relates that Moses had told the people he would return in forty days. On the r:R. RADKOWSKY is Chief Scientist in the Office of Naval Reac­ tors of the u.s. Aton1ic Energy Commission where he has fortieth day, when Moses did not appear, the people - l\'orked closely with Ad1niral Rickower in developing the following ostensibly unassailable logic - concluded nuclear suhn1arine. He has received a nun1ber of honors from the Departn1ent of the Navy including the Meritorious Civilian that Moses's prophecy was false, therefore he had not Service Award for 'Outstanding Services to the Navy During been in communication with G-d, his commands could World War //', the Distinguished Civilian Service Award for be disregarded, and it was imperative to find another Contributions to the Naval Nuclear Power Program; and he has heen cited by the Aton1ic Energy Commission for 'Excep­ form of divine guidance, i.e. the Golden Calf. As it tional Services to the Nation'. He has been Secretary of the turned out Moses had been referring to forty complete U.S. AEc's Advisory Committee on Reactor Physics since 1959, and served as u.s. Dele[!ate to the Geneva Conference on days and therefore did not include the part of the day Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. Dr. Radkowsky is a founder in which he ascended the mountain. Thus, faith to of: the Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists; the Summit Hill Congregation in Silver Springs, Maryland, where he lives think the matter through and explore other logical al­ 11,ith his fanlily; and the Agudath Israel of Greater Wa.'lhing­ ternatives, could have averted the worship of the ton. He contributes regularly to various scientific journals and Golden Calf and the subsequent dire consequences to to INTERCOM, and the Proceedings of the AOJS. We welcorne hi1n to our pages. that generation and all future generations.

6 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 The Secular Attack leads to a logical inconsistency, throwing into question We may apply the above ideas in connection with the the validity of all science. focal point of the attack of secularist philosophies on Finally, in the same pub­ Judaism and other religions motivated by Judaism. lication, E. H. Simon and L. M. Spetner investigated If the fabric of Evolution itself. Simon showed that the Judaism were to be summed up in a single concept, evolutionary process of random mutation for gene I would suggest that it would be creativity. The Bible function leads to an absurdity in respect to the inordi­ begins with acts of creativity by the Divine Intelligence, nate amount of time required, many orders of magni­ who invested human beings with a measure of crea­ tude beyond what anyone has assumed for the age of tivity; not the supreme type of creativity of producing the universe. Spetner reaches a similar conclusion something out of nothing, but the secondary type of through a calculation in terms of information gain in assembling meaningfulness from chaos. an evolutionary step; he also cites many other incon­ sistencies in the fossil record. Other scientists have also The secularist since calculated extreme improbabilities for the Evolu­ attack on Judaism has invoked the banner of 'science', tionary process (Scientific Research, November 1967, and has involved the massing of impressive evidence p. 59). and logical arguments to support the doctrine of Evo­ lution, which states that all of life evolved from lifeless Getting Heat out of a Cold Body matter by the inevitable operation of natural laws over long periods of time, so that the concepts of creativity An example may make clear what ranges of improba­ and associated religions are merely illusions. As is bility we are talking about. Consider the problem of well known, the secularist claims appear to be plausible getting heat out of a cold body, which is precluded interpretations of geologic findings, i.e. the 'fossil by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. record'. The doctrine of Evolution has found wide Suppose acceptance in intellectual circles and occupies a domi­ we have gas at room temperature and - in nant role in modern philosophical thought. violation of the Second Law - we wish to use the In these gas to make something boil. According to the kinetic circumstances the Orthodox Jewish scientist must hold theory of gases, no matter how cold the temperature staunchly to a faith that it is possible for him to pursue there will always be a few gas molecules moving at in full integrity and consistency both his personal high speed. If these fast molecules were somehow to scientific researches and his services to G-d and man­ group themselves in a small region one could then kind, as required by Judaism; further, this faith implies indeed obtain heat from them. However, this never that the claims of secularism which would challenge happens in practice because the event is so extremely his intellectual integrity and consistency will turn out impossible; rather the fast molecules remain dispersed on deeper analysis, conducted by him and others, to among the slow ones. But the probability of random be fallacious. mutations producing gene creation is calculated to he far, far less probable than getting heat out of a cold Human Creativity body. Such analysis may be pursued on several levels. For In this connection the great physicist, Clerk example, by consideration of individual acts of human Maxwell, once suggested by way of a humorous illu­ creativity which take place every day - such as the stration that one might place a Demon in the chamber writing of a play, the coining of a phrase, the synthesis containing the gas to select the fast molecules and thus of a chemical - it might be demonstrated that it is overcome the limitations of the Second Law of Ther­ mathematically impossible for such a creative act to modynamics. Evidently the present day secularists in be in fact the result of combinations of chance pri­ espousing the doctrine of evolution are in effect opting mordial elements by random selection processes acting the equivalent of Maxwell's Demon in place of G-d in any reasonable time period. (Our own life experi­ as the Creator! ence then which so clearly intimates to us that crea­ tivity exists could lead to a rigorous proof of this Finding Alternative Explanations concept.) Regardless of the success of the specific investigations A different approach was used by the mentioned above what we wish to stress is the possi­ writer (in an article in the Proceedings of the Associa­ bility of finding alternative explanations which fit the tion of Orthodox Jewish Scientists, Volume I, 1966) available data, in both science and non-science cases, to show that the present Doctrine of Evolution, if as­ as well as or better than the current or popular theory. sumed to operate throughout the universe, ultimately We are reminded of Niehls Bohr's famous Comple-

The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 7 mentarity Principle which provides an understanding of could ever be utilized in a practical way. (See Source how the two apparently contradictory theories of waves Book on Atomic Energy, Glasstone, p. 373). These and particles can explain the phenomena of light and great men were guided, of course, by the obvious of sn1a1l units of matter (electrons, protons, mesons, theory which fit the known facts. Less than a year etc.). An application of complementarity might be later Lise Meitner realized the existence of the com­ provided by consideration of a coin whose face could pletely unsuspected phenomenon of nuclear fission, be correctly described both as 'heads' and as 'tai[<;', which quickly made the utilization of nuclear energy 1/epending upon how the coin had been tossed. As we feasible. study the universe we find many cases in which our In retrospect it seems probable that an survival appears to depend upon a subtle balance, Orthodox Jewish scientist, knowing from the Talmud involving a juxtaposition of two opposing elf ects of ( Shabbos 77b) that G-d did not create a single thing slightly differing magnitude. Were the balance to be in vain, would - unlike Rutherford and Lawrence - upset and the inferior effect become superior, the en­ have suspected that a mechanism for releasing atomic tire universe, as we know it could not exist. This energy by mankind might well exist. suggests on the one hand the greatness and wisdom of the Creator and on the other the need to search for The Delicate Balance of Nature an alternative explanation when the popular or plau­ sible explanation might lead to chaos or frustration, There are other items of great interest in connection either spiritually or physically. These ideas can be with atomic energy to those who see the hand of important to a scientist not only in connection with Providence in guiding the universe, even though we his religious outlook, but even in his scientific work, may not grasp the full purport of these matters. as we shall illustrate below. The As a first example, nu­ amount of fissile uranium in the earth corresponds to clear physics has in recent years advanced to the point a delicate balance of effects. Had there been substan­ of reaching an understanding of the vast energy and tially more of this uranium, life as we know it would nuclear formation and destruction processes going on have been destroyed by radioactivity; substantially less, in the stars. It has turned out that the stability of the and use of atomic energy would have been imprac­ stars and the formation of the elements making up all ticable. matter are dependent on the existence of a slight and Through an almost incredible series of events rather mysterious difference in two energy levels. (In atomic weapons were denied to the Enemy of Man­ detail the ground state of Carbon-12 has an oblate kind, Adolph Hitler. Actually nuclear fission was dis­ shape, but the element has in addition a highly elong­ covered in 1934 by the Italian physicist, E. Fermi, ated o+ state, which has an energy just above the but he did not grasp the significance of his work. He highly unstable Berylliurn-8. Had it not been for this, thought that he was building up elements of higher the instability of Beryllium-8 would have prevented atomic number, whereas he was actually producing a the synthesis of heavier elements.) To quote Aage splitting of elements into smaller ones. By the time Bohr (p. 62, Maria Curie Centenary Lectures, IAEA, of Meitner's announcement mentioned above, he was 1968) "We have here an example of delicate features safely out of the clutches of Fascism. Again, in this in nuclear structure which profoundly influence stellar case fortunately, a great man fai1ed to discern an al­ evolution and the composition of matter in the uni­ ternative interpretation. verse." From all these illustrations we conclude that what is most important for the Ortho­ Releasing Nuclear Energy dox Jewish scientist is to maintain his faith in the face of any apparent conflicts with Judaism, and to work Additional examples are provided by other aspects of with all his power to arrive at the truth, confident that nuclear physics. The most spectacular manifestation the truth will provide the vindication of the Torah. of modern science to the layman is probably the re­ Thus he will justify the saying 'May the glory of G-d lease of atomic, or more properly, nuclear energy. endure forever, may G-d rejoice in his creations,' who In glorify Hirn with a perfect faith implying their willing­ 1937-8 the fact that the atomic nucleus was a reservoir ness to make any sacrifice, even the ultimate one of of tremendous energy was already well known. Yet we intellectual integrity, secure in the faith that such sac­ find two of the n?ost pro1ninent scientists in the world, rifice will not be required ultimately. Then indeed he E. Rutherford (discoverer of the nucleus) and E. 0. will possess the Emuna Shlayma, the complete, perfect Lawrence (inventor of the cyclotron 'atom smasher') faith spoken of by our Sages, that is a faith which is denying and even deriding the idea that atomic energy destined to become perfect. D

8 The Jewish Observer I June, 1969 Under Attack in Israel: The Sanctity of Shabbos & The Sanctity of Man

How - in this complex age - do we convince Pern1it 1ne to point out certain facts. another human being that he is wrong? How, for First, let's get the doctors out of example, do we convince an Arab that Israel's Jews this struggle. They function within want only to live in peace? How do you convince the the confines of la1vs and agreements Four Powers that peace in the Middle East can only enacted by the Knesset. They are be achieved by direct talks between the concerned not responsible for the law [which parties? How do you convince an indifferent wor1d that authorizes a post-1norten1 if ap­ justice is indivisible - that a dual standard of justice proved by three physicians]. This is really no justice at all? House is responsible for the law. We can appreciate the frus­ As long as it is not revised, they trations of Israeli diplomats who must day after day, nJust abide by it. When it is proven and year after year, repeat and repeat and repeat their that they have violated the law, they just claims for peace and security. We could under­ will then be held accountable. stand their getting tired - or even bored - but they dare not: the lives of their people depend on their This is typical of the official reaction to all protests. tireless vigiJance. When a victin1 of aggression or in·· When it was pointed out time and again that the law justice becomes tired of defending himself . . . he is - imperfect as it is - was indeed being violated and doomed. So too those who stand watch over the sanc­ circumvented, the response was the same. Religious tity of Torah in the Holy Land: should they become Jewry was smeared as being reactionary, medieval, tired of speaking out . . . their cause would be lost. anti-intellectual - the whole gamut of meaningless slogans besmirching Yiddishkeit, but totally unrespon­ How do you explain the anguish of an observant sive to the legitimacy of the claims. family in Israel when the dead body of a next-of-kin is returned mutilated by a scalpel, with organs removed? How to convince What do you say to the soul of the Jew who made his people of the justice of our claims? - perhaps some way to the Holy Land that he might be buried there independent agency might be engaged to investigate in sacred soil after his death, only to have his final and present the real facts. Would they then listen? - wish thwarted by hospital personnel who turned over who knows? Ah, but what if an official agency of the the remains of his body to the Chevra Kadisha with State would make public facts and figures proving organs missing? - How do you explain to a n7es mitzva beyond doubt that the law is consistently and frequent­ that he was denied Kever Yisroel in Bretz Yisroel? ly broken. Then they would listen - wouldn't they? For close to twenty years, representatives of Agudath Then there would be a storm of indignation. The offen­ Israel have brought the matter of unauthorized post­ ders would be brought to justice; officials responsible mortems before the Knesset. The religious Yishuv and would be removed from office, and some semblance concerned Jews throughout the world have exhausted of understanding would result. themselves with protest after protest. Commissions have been appointed to study the question, to propose An official government agency did investigate the new legislation - all to no avail. Agudah spokesmen matter. have been abused and ridiculed for their persistence They did come up with facts and figures. in raising the question; for "slandering" the medical The facts and figures confirm the validity of the protest. community. Last summer, Minister of Health Barzilai, again confronted by questions concerning the viola­ And, the government agency was untainted by a "re­ tions of the law, told the Knesset: ligious" bias. The following is a section of a report Members of the Knesset: we are all on violation of the Anatomy and Pathology Law - tired of arguing this painful question. not by any group to whom Mr. Barzilai could say he's

The Jewish Obserrer / June. 1969 9 "tired" of the argument - it is a report of the Office Under Section 8 of the Law, the of the State Comptroller of the State of Israel.* Minister of Health is responsible for its enforce­ ment. In the Ministry of Health there is no speci­ The Law of Anatomy and Pathology, 1953, fic agency for this purpose. In October and (hereinafter referred to as the "Law"), and the November of 1968 the Office of the State Comp­ Regulations on Anatomy and Pathology, 1954, troller investigated compliance with the regula­ established procedures concerning dissection of a tions of Section 6 of this law in government hos­ corpse in order to establish the cause of death, pitals. The investigation covered four government or to make use of parts of the body for therapeutic [federal] hospitals: Tel Hashomer, Assaf Harofeh, purposes; and concerning the transfer of corpses Rambam, and Y affo; and the Municipal Hospital to medical schools for teaching and research. of the city of Tel Aviv, covering the period of Such post-mortem dissections are permitted by January 1967 to October 1968. The statistics be­ Section 6 of the Law if authorized by a certificate lo1v represent deaths and post-morten1s to deter­ signed by three physicians who declare that the mine the cause of death or for therapeutic use of dissection is necessary to establish cause of death, portions of the body which took place in govern­ or for use of a portion of the body for therapeutic ment hospitals, including municipal hospitals from purposes. Regulation 12 of the Regulations estab­ the year 1965 to 1967 as they were reported by lished by authority of the above-mentioned Law, the Ministry of Health to the Office of the State specifies which physicians are authorized to issue Comptroller. (These figures do not include infants a certificate permitting the dissections. In the born dead). case of a person who died in a hospital, the authorized physicians are: the physician who last Year No. of Deaths Post·Mortems Percentage attended the patient before his death; the director ---·--"----- of the hospital or his deputy; or the head of the 1965 4,113 2,264 55% department of the hospital - or his deputy -- in 1966 4,747 2,314 49% which the person died. In the case of a person 1967 4,873 2,174 44% who died outside of a hospital, the authorized physicians are: the physician who last attended In the hospitals included in this investigation the patient before his death, and if there was no there were many instances where post-mortems attending physician any other physician: a gov­ were carried out to determine the cause of death ernment physician, or a hospital director. The without a certificate signed by three physicians as Law does not recognize objection to post-mortern required by the Law. According to the statistics [where necessary] to determine the cause of death gathered by the Office of the State Comptroller, or for use of portions of the body for therapeutic in 1967 post-mortems were carried out in these purposes, by the patient or by his family after his hospitals in 1,756 cases. In 424 cases the certi­ death. The Law authorizes dl,section of a corpse fication requirements were not met: 307 certifi­ for teaching and research purposes, if the de­ cates made available were signed by only two ceased has stated in writing prior to death his physicians; 53 certificates were signed by only desire that his body be used for scientific pur­ one physician; and in 64 cases there were no phy­ poses, or if his body is not claimed by anyone sician's certificates at all. In the first ten months authorized by law to do so within the time estab­ of 1968 1,590 post-mortems took place in the lished by law. above-mentioned hospitaLi; in 450 cases certifica­ tion requirements were not n1et: 336 certificates * The office of State Comptro11er has no exact counterpart in were signed by only two physicians; 48 certifi­ our own federal government. Under Israel's State Co1nptrol­ ler's Law, the Comptroller is appointed by the President of the cates were signed by only one physician; and in State, upon recommendation of the House Committee of the 66 cases there were no physician's certificates at Knesset. Every agency of the government is subject to the supervision of the State Comptroller in respect to their finances all ... and account<>. "Supervision is exercised not only from the accounting point of view but also from the legal and economic The Of/ice of the State Comptroller in­ points of view." He may examine whether "every act within formed the Ministry of Health in December 1968 the scope of his supervision (even if it is not connected with a financial outlay) has been done in accordance with the that there was a notable extent of non-compliance Law ... As to governmental bodies, local authorities, bodies with the La1v requiring certification in those in­ in the managen1ent of which the Government participates ... stitutions under its jurisdiction. The report made the Comptroller also has to examine whether they have operated economical1y, efficiently, and in a morally irreproach· it obligatory for the Ministry to establish regula­ able manner." SOURCE: Government in Israel, bv Yehoshua tory procedures in government hospitals and Freudenheim, Oceana Publications, Inc., Dobbs Ferry, New York, 1967. other hospitals, in order to assure a greater de-

10 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 gree of compliance with the Law. As a result of in advance without prior knowledge of the specifics this investigation, the Director General of the of the case. Has anyone bothered to investigate this Ministry of Health alerted the directors of hos­ matter? ... Can the government continue to demon­ pitals to their responsibility to bring about stricter strate to its citizens that it is permissable to perpetrate compliance with the Law. such vioJations - and in so serious an area? "There THE OFFICIAL REPORT needs only two comments: it lies before me a statement from the Office of Health, covered only five hospitals, yet disclosed 874 violations Education, and Welfare of the United States dated of the Law - one can only guess what the figures September 18, 1968 which, among other things says: would be were they available for hospitals throughout 'We have been informed by representatives of Israel the Land. And the Law itself prescribes for violators in Washington that Israeli laws governing post-mortem of any of its sections, three years imprisonment or a are similar to ours: the permission of a member of the fine of l ,500 lira - or both. Yet, in the sixteen years deceased's family is required before post-mortem pro­ that the Law has been in force, not a single violator cedures may be carried out.' of the Law has been brought to justice. In the face "Why is the govern­ of this report, confirming what Orthodox Jews have ment of Israel embarrassed before the United States maintained all along and what government officials government, therefore stating that bodies are not dis­ have consistently denied, the refusal of the govern­ sected without the family's permission? Obviously it ment to even permit debate on the matter is most is because in most other nations there can be no post­ shocking. mortem dissection without permission. "When the report of the State Comptroller "We have been was issued," Rabbi Yitzchok Mair Levin, world leader generally opposed to introducing television, which has of Agudath Israel, and head of the Aguda delegation been a catastrophe to other countries ... Our opposi­ in the Knesset, told his colleagues from the floor, "we tion was disregarded. Now the government has decided weighed the possibility of presenting a motion of 'no­ to use television as an instrument against the Shabbos, confidence' in the Government, but in the face of the which the Almighty has declared to be 'An eternal critical security situation we decided not to take this sign between Me and the Jewish people.' measure, but to express our sharp protest by asking that the matter be placed on the agenda for discussion "We are by the Knesset." This request was rejected by the greatly pained by the Chillul Shabbos of even indi­ Government. When the Government, following a viduals. But now the government has decided on Na­ hastily-called meeting, announced its decision to ini­ tional Chillul Shabbos: that the government itself shall tiate television broadcasting on Shabbos, Rabbi Levin publicly desecrate the Shabbos in a systematic manner. brought in a motion of "no confidence" on both issues: ... What drove the government - in our present cir­ the first such motion by Agudath Israel since the cumstance when the nations of the world all oppose founding of the State. us and we comfort ourselves that the Jewish People In his opening address on the [throughout the world) is with us - why should we motion, Rabbi Levin made the following observations: now divide the nation? Why cause it such anguish? "Is there another nation in the world where such "It was these two matters that brought the delega­ laxity could prevail? If a member of the government tion to bring to the Knesset a motion of 'no confid­ was found to be violating the law, the full force of the ence' in the government. I can remember no previous law would be brought against him. In our case, the instance ... of attack on two of our cherished sancti­ law is being deliberately violated day after day, and ties: the sanctity of the Shabbos and the sanctity of silence prevails. In another nation, the minister respon­ Man." sible would be forced to resign after such revelations. Speaking in defense of the government, Prime Minister With us, not only does the Minister remain at his post, Golda Meir denied that the decision to extend television hut he has the gall - from the platform of the Knesset broadcasting to Shabbos was motivated by hostility - to accuse those who are agitated by these revela­ to religion, and denied that it was a violation of the tions of falsifications. Does his charge of falsification Hstatus quo" agreement which provides for observance include the Comptroller as well? of Shabbos by the State and official institutions. She "The Comptroller cited the fact that radio broadcasts continue through reported on instances where the required signatures Shabbos. As to violations of the Law governing post­ of physicians to authorize post-mortems were Jacking. mortems, she stated that the Minister of Health was For so long we have been pointing out that even when taking steps to prevent such violations in the future. the signatures are there, they have often been signed Left unanswered were these questions:

The Jewish Observer I June, 1969 11 • Since the callous attitude of the government in regard to television broadcasting now takes place only three days the sanctities of Torah in the Holy Land, and the a week, why did the additional day have to be Shabbos, apparent effort to convert Shabbos to a "day of rest" in view of the strong opposition of all of the religions that smacks of the "blue laws" in Christian countries. parties? The burning question underlying all other questions • Since the Comptroller's report makes it remains: How Jong can the Government of Israel - crystal clear that the Pathology Law is constantly being faced by a security situation that grows more and more violated, why have there been no prosecutions of those serious, and complex - continue to divide its own guilty of breaking the Law? people by flagrant attacks on religion, and by gnawing away at even the minimal safeguards that have pre­ Needless to say, the vailed until now? Religious Jewry has been keenly "no confidence" motion was defeated. The other re­ aware of the security situation, and has restrained ligious parties who are in the coalition expressed their itself from open criticism and divisive moves . . . far strenuous opposition to television broadcasting on beyond the point of restraint. It is time that the Gov­ Shabbos, but because of their coalition obligations they ernment began to exercise restraint. could not support the "no confidence" motion." How­ But how? ... ever, they were granted permission by a parliamentary how do we make them understand? How do we ex­ ruling to abstain from voting. plain to them that they compromise the security of Yet, the "no confid­ the State when they compromise the holiness of the ence" n1otion did succeed in focusing attention on Shabbos and the dignity of Man. How? Y. J.

Yechiel Yitzchok Perr Reb Yisroel - Who Was He?

Of course, Rcb Yisroel used to daven before the amud the first Seder. "Oh, you bought yourself that type of on Yomim Noraim and for Geshem and Tai as well. kitt1e," he said. I hid my eagerness and answered in a He had to; not to might have seemed like feigning casual tone, "Ycs. Tell me, what is the difference be­ humility. Once, before Geshem, I noticed he gave pre­ tween this type and the other type?" He was a little ference to one type of kittle over another. surprised at my question. "Difference?" He paused for a moment and then said, "There is no difference." He was about to put on a kittle that goes on over the head It was several years later that someone explained to when someone handed him a kittle of the type that me that this type of kittle was worn in the European closes down the front. "It doesn't matter," he said, community that Reb Yisroel came from. Then, of brushing aside the other more comfortable kittle, "I'll course, I understood that wearing such a kittle gave wear this one already." Reb Yisroel a feeling of continuity with the past as he had known it. It linked his prayers to all that lay By that time I already knew on the other side of the chasm of the destruction of that it was useless to ask him the reason for his pre­ European Jewry. But Reb .Yisroel was right: there is ference, but when I went to buy my first kittle I made no real difference between one kittle and another. A sure to get the type I had seen him prefer. kittle is a kittle. What difference could there be? The first When you talk about "difference" you are talking time he saw me in my new kittlc was Pesach before about measurement: inches, pounds, gallons, wave­ lengths. What is the "difference" between the art of

RARBI PERR 1:s Menahef of. Mesivta Toras Enies-Kaminetz, in Picasso and the primitive smears that my four-year-old Brooklyn, New York. Tills is his first contribution to The Jewish Observer. daughter brings home so proudly from kindergarten?

12 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 there is no difference, yet there is all the difference in to take with him to Siberia just seven pounds of bag­ the world. gage. And when you're being sent to Siberia you need Who was Reb Yisroel? nobody knew. heavy clothes, and other things that can't be gotten What would you call him? it's hard to say. I wouldn't there; and things that can be traded for food. coll him a Ta/mid Chochom, though he spent seventy ButReb years in a Bais Medrash and could answer clearly any­ Yisroel had to take that picture in its heavy frame, where in Shas. I wouldn't call him a Ba'al Mussar, because it was too precious to him to risk losing it. though he all his life was steeped in the _study and the It was worth using most of his alloted seven precious discipline of Mussar. Every person sort of wears a pounds to safeguard the picture taken on the day he lobe] on his chest that tells everyone else, and himself, was married. And when he heard his wife was dead, what he is. Businessman, Talmid Chochom, Tzadik, he showed no sign of emotion. or One of the Boys. Reh Yisroel didn't wear a label. You had to put to­ It was just that all who knew him somehow felt that gether bits and pieces of information and finally you there was a great light buried deep inside him. And could know. When Reb Yisroel was in Siberia he was at his funeral the Great Posek said: "What was the always the last to eat. When there was food it didn't greotness of Reb Yisroel? That nobody knew who he last too long, and there wasn't very much to begin was." with. But Reb Yisroel used to eat last, not because he That's the way he was. A closed book; a non­ was a tzadik, but because by nature he didn't get very talker; a hidden person; an enigma. Once he had a hungry and didn't need much food. wife and two beautiful daughters. He loved them deep­ ly. Yet in Siberia when he heard of their deaths he The disease which didn't shed a tear or draw a sigh. For a moment they plagued Reb Yisroel for many years, and finally took weren't sure he understood what he _had been told. Yet his life was hardening of the liver. This is what com­ of course, he did love them deeply .. monly happens to an alchoholic, the doctor explained. "But Reb Yisroel never drank," we protested. "Well When he was the only other way this can be caused is by a long finally forced to enter the hospital where he ended his period of starvation," the doctor said. And while he days in pain, some of the boehrim went up to clean was starving Reb Yisroel still ate last. the room in Yeshiva where he had lived the past twenty years. Among his things they found a large, Little stories, flat package wrnpped in brown paper. When they little bits of information, and a picture emerges. A pic­ opened it, they found it was his wedding picture: one ture of a man that needn't cry to convince you that of those old-fashioned pictures - the groom sitting he grieved for a never-to-be-healed wound· A man and the bride standing - in an old-fashioned thick that needn't be recognized as a tzadik, in order to do wooden frame with a heavy plate of glass in front. It tzidkus. A man who had no need to see the reflection must have weighed five pounds. There is only one way of his greatness in the eyes of others in order to be that that picture could have come from Vilna to Brook­ great. A man so sure of all he was that he had no lyn: by way of Siberia. need of the recognition of others to strengthen his con­ If you put this together with viction. "What was the greatness of Reb Yisrocl?" said another bit of information, a more complete picture the Great Posek, "That nobody knew who he was." emerges. That was the only way you could ever know One of the last to speak at Reb Yisroel's funeral Reb Yisroel: putting together bits of information from was someone we'll call "Reh Zorach." Reb Zorach various sources, until you knew. was sort of a talmid of Reb Yisroel. I say "sort of a When Reb Yisroel talmid": Reb Yisroel would never admit to having a was forcibly separated from his wife, he was allowed talmid. After all, who was he to have talmidim? And

The Jewish Observet / June, 1969 13 even Reb Zorach would never call himself a talmid of the validity of the latter criteria. But there are those Reb Yisroel, because after all Reb Yisroel had no that don't measure at all. tamidim. But Reb Zorach was a talmid of Reb Yisroel. What difference is there be­ When Reb Zorach arose to speak he stood at a tween those who measure and those who do not mea­ slight angle, not directly facing the audience. His hes­ sure? There is no difference at all. When you ask for ped followed that of the Great Posek and other great a difference you are asking for a measurement: inches, men - they had a right to speak to such a learned pounds, gallons or wavelengths. There is no difference. audience; to face them directly and to speak forth­ Yet there is all the difference in the world. D rightly to them. But Reb Zorach couldn't stand the same way, because he would never compare himself to the previous speakers. Yet he couldn't refuse to speak, for he might seem to be feigning humility. So The Long he spoke, but he stood at an angle, not fully turning his face to the audience. Hot Summer - And of course when speaking to an audience of learned men one has to mention a few appropriate sayings of Chazal, because that is the And the Ant way you speak to learned people. But Rcb Zorach also said something about Reb Yisroel that - as a Avrohom Chaim Feuer talmid - was difficult to say for it might apply as Summer is a strange time. Man's smoldering desires much to himself a' to his teacher. But it was some­ explode into wars, revolutions and riots. Man erupts, thing that had to be said, for to properly truly honor releasing his repressed and pent-up energies against Reb Yisroel this point had to be clearly made. his society. The System, the Establishment, the Gov­ ernment, Bureaucracy, the Machine, the Institution - "In the each become the Great Enemy. The summer sun has Bais Medrash in Europe," he said, "Reb Yisroel used indeed fostered some of the greatest social reforms in history, replacing tyranny with justice, and justice with to sit near the stove, yet he knew everything that was tyranny. The word "independence" took on a new and going on." There are all types of bochrim in a Bais eternally significant dimension on a scorching July day Medrash. Those that were involved in everything going in 1776. However, more often than not, especially in on, didn't sit near the stove. Near the stove sat an recent years, the theme of insurrection has been the discordant tune of anarchy: strikers, students, militants altogether different type of bochur, occasionally in the and opponents of the draft - the ghettoized and the company of an oldster dozing over a Tehilim. Reb pauperized. It is not their specific problem alone they Yisroel although also one of those who were so dedi­ combat, but their civilization. Their contempt is for cated as to be disdainful of their own feelings of chill, the Establishment, they condemn the Machine. It is a battle of "natural man" with the uninhibited instincts nevertheless chose, young as he was, to mask his true against "artificial" government and order. self under bat/anus - a path he was to follow all his Shlomo life. He was that way, Reb Zorach was saying, by Ha'Melech was the founder of the Jewish monarchy. choice, not by nature. It was through his abilities in government that the first Jewish Commonwealth was finally and firmly stabilized. There are people who measure Wisest of all men, Shlomo was a keen observer of the greatness by dollars or by newspaper clippings. Of restless human nature which repells authority. Shlomo these people we're not talking here. There are other observed the restless, driving forces of all nature. He people that measure greatness by the number of pages observed that the eruption of furious summer activity was a phenomenon manifest throughout creation. He of Gemorra they know or by how many Seforim they focused his attention on the fervor of the ant and re­ have written. Reb Yisroel would be the last to doubt corded his observations for posterity in the Kisvei

14 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 Hakodesh. So essential to Kedusha were the lessons from a cat, respect for another's property from the taught by the ant that Shlomo deemed them worthy ant, filial fidelity from the dove, and manners from the of eternal sanctification. (The study of nature by a rooster." ( Eruvin l OOb). Even without the revelation Torah scholar is not a lesson in zoology; it is an integral of Torah, its teachings are still evident throughout and inseparable part of his total Torah philosophy, Creation. holy enough to be incorporated into Kisvei Hakodesh!) Summer is indeed a time of upheaval. It "Go to the ant, Jazy one, observe her ways and get wise. is a time of freedom. But not a time of relaxation and She has no officer, overseer or ruler. She prepares her "taking it easy." The constantly busy ant teaches us bread in the summer, in the harvest she gathers her that there is never any time in nature when human food. How long will you lie lazy one; when will you responsibility stops. Shlomo addresses himself even to rise from your sleep?" (Mishlei 6:6.) the one who is energetic in the winter but is a summer As nature bril­ sluggard: "Less sleep and less slumber; less lying with liantly unfolds her slumbering wonders, man's heart clasped hands." The idle mind, the bored brain, yearns and desires also burst forth from their winter confines for diversion. It yearns for excitement. It desperately and yearn to encompass and to taste the endless joys seeks a change and variation from the lazy humdrum of this earth. But the first obstacle to confront man is routine which its own lethargy has created. Some peo­ the unseen but omnipotent barrier of laziness. The ple riot just to relieve he boredom. Medrash teaches us that lethargy is the product of pes­ The Mishna in simism. Rebbe Tanchuma tells us that the life span Taanis tells us that there were no days as happy in of the ant is no more than six months and her total Jewish history as the Fifteenth of Av and Yorn Kippur. diet for this period is the equivalent of only one and The Gemorah tells us that one of the reasons for cele­ one-half grains of wheat. And yet, ant holes have been bration on this summer day in Av was that the Koha­ found containing three hundred bushels of wheat! What nim had finished preparing their stock of firewood for motivates the ant to collect so much? Rebbe Tanchuma the entire year. Rabbenu Gershom explains that the answers: She says to herself, "Perhaps G-d will grant real cause for their celebration was not the completion me longer life and I will then have enough to eat." of the task in itself, which now left them free to rest, What spurs the energetic ant on and on? - Optimism. but rather the fact that while they were engaged in this Man is not inherently lazy - he resists work only be­ work they could not learn Torah, and now that they cause he is pessimistic. He sees no value in and ex­ were free they could "relax" by strenuously turning pects no return from his work. His pessimism breeds their hearts and minds to the pursuit of learning G-d's insecurity regarding himself and his society. Instead Torah. On this day, all of Kial Yisroel were also of channeling his boundless summer energy along the happy because then the nights started to be longer than avenues of hopeful accomplishment, be would rather the days, thus leaving them more time to learn Torah. overthrow the entire civilization in which he has lost And we are warned: "D'mosif yosif, ud'loh mosif faith. There are no lazy men - just hopeless, frustrated yoseif" - "He who adds time for Limud Ha'Torah people. The summer anarchist cries out against govern­ at this time, adds on to his time in Olam Habo. He ment: Social order is an artificial sham. Natural man who does not add time, substracts from his time in this 1nust he allowed to live in an ungoverned, free com- world." 1nunity. This is how nature really meant things to be. Summer freedom does not mean relaxation Once again, Shlomo refers us to the ant. "She has and idleness; they breed discontent. It means independ­ no officer, overseer or ruler." And yet Rebbe Shimon ence, adding new opportunities to be mekabel 01 hen Chalafta tells us of an ant which dropped one of Malchus Shomaim. This is the natural order of things, its grains and every passing ant smelled the grain, this is the Derech Ha'Torah which, Shlomo tells us, sensed that it was not theirs and did not take it. No is so natural that it is even evident in an ant; how fear of punishment, no threatening guard - yet law much more so should it be the natural approach of a and order prevail in the totally natural and instinctive man, of a ben Yisroel. ant community. Rebbe Shimon bar Yochai Law is not an artificial human con­ tells us that we can learn yet another lesson from the trivance. It is not a convenient set of restrictions. G-d ant. Just as the ant prepares much more than it needs created this world according to a blueprint of Torah in its lifetime, for the sake of some unforeseeable fu­ laws. Justice and order are integrally woven into the ture, so must every ben Yisroel augment his treasury fabric of this earth and its beings. Rebbe Y ocbanan of Torah and Mitzvahs immeasurably in order that he tells us: "Even if the Torah had not been given, we may have more than enough for one earthly lifetime could have learned personal modesty and cleanliness - enough for Eternity. 0

The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 15 Simon Raskin A Third Alternative: The Orthodox Worker-Scholar

After my father arrived in this country, an impoverished atmosphere of the contemporary college scene-this immigrant barely able to get by the pompous officials has been amply explored in these pages. But is there manning the Golden Gates of Ellis Island, he could really no other alternative than the risks involved in not find a job without Saturday work. A skilled fur­ exposure to the campus and being unable to earn a cutter, he simply couldn't find a job. livelihood with dignity? He trod like a The Bureau of Labor Statistics lemming from one fur shop to another unalterably of the U.S. Department of Lahor has just issued a going from failure to failure-but because of his fervid report* that clearly suggests a third alternative. The attachment to the Shabbos, he never got to work on report indicated that about three and one-half million the garments of the rich in this country. jobs will open through the mid-1970's. Of these new jobs, 240 occupations will account for 2/3 of the total. Forced to Studying the list of jobs one finds that most of them choose between his dignity as a craftsman and his do not require a college degree, although they generally commitment to Torah he was resigned to the worst: do require training beyond high school. "If I have to sweep floors, l'll sweep floors, but Shabbos is Shabbos." He became a "messenger" in the garn1ent These statistics district, actually a porter lugging heavy packages from are most significant. They make it clear that a sub­ shop to shop, but the title "messenger" gave him dig­ stantial num her of the new jobs of the next decade nity, and my father sought dignity. will not require college. If we eliminate teaching posi­ tions (for which there will be an overwhelming 230,000 This is a part of new openings each year) then we can safely say that the heritage my father passed on to me. Alongside me 1nost new jobs 'vill not require college training. arc the thousands of other first-generation Jews whose fathers fought the same struggle to maintain their com­ The mitment to Torah, and their dignity as Jews. table on page 17 lists the categories of new job open­ ings as projected hy U.S. Government researchers. Although Any of these occupations listed-and there are many sweatshops are a thing of the past, and the five-day others-will afford a young man a decent livelihood. week no 1onger makes Shabbos-observance so serious And more than that: they will not interfere with his an ohstacle to finding a job, nevertheless Orthodox Jewishness. For a number of reasons, it would be easier youngsters today face a similar challenge to that which for a student in technical training to remain loyal to faced our fathers as immigrants. It is a more subtle Torah. challenge: not even evident to many Orthodox Jews. 1) He will be able to remain in the veshiva It 1onger, since vocational education does not t'ake as has become an unquestioned axiom in American Jew­ much time as college training. A young man who ish life that in order to earn a livelihood with dignity estimates that he will have to be self-supporting by a college diploma is needed. Someone has defined a 24 can start training at age 22 rather than at 19 or 20. "Jewish drop-out" as a student who stops short of a 2) Technical training is generally easier to pursue than doctoral degree. We are not here dealing with the academic studies, so that even while attending voca­ conflicts that an Orthodox youth faces in the alien tional school, yeshiva students would be able to find

RABBI RASKlN is Actint? Chairn1a11 of the Social Studies De­ *Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bu11etin No. 1606, Tomorrow's partn1ent of the Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, Manpower Needs. This four-volume study is available from the New York. He also serves as Guidance Counselor with Torah Superintendent of Documents, u.s. Government Printing Office, Un1esorah's Talent Searc!i Project. Was~ington, D.C., 20402, at as cost of $3.80.

16 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 JOB OPENINGS FOR THE COMING DECADE'

NU~1BER NUil1BER OF JOB~ NUMBF:R EMPLOYED OF YEARS EXPECTED STARTING EXPECTED A VERA GE OPENINGS EACH YEAR OCCUPATION JN 1966 TRAINING SALARY, 1969:1 SALARY, 1970'5·1 FR01\1 1969-1975 . REQUIRED~ ... , ____ -·-· ~--·-~------__ ----· ·--·------Aircraft Mechanic 130,000 6,500 2 $6,000 $ 8,400 Automobile Mechanic 580,000 20,000 l $5,000 $ 7,800 Business Machines Servicern an 80,000 3,700 l-2 $5,000 $ 6,500' Carpenter ·850,000 I 32,000 1-2 $5,700 $10,400 Draftsman 270,000 I J 6,000 l-2 $4,500 $ 7,500 Electrician (construction) 175,000 6,400 2 $6,700 $1 J ,000

Electrician 235,000 (maintenance) 7,300 l-2 $6,200 $ 8,300 Machinists 350,000 12,500 2 $5,600 $11,500 Plumber 350,000 16,000 2 $5,200 $10,400 Medical Laboratory I Assistant 50,000 8,400 I 1-2 $4,500 $ 5,500 Medical X-ray Technician 72,000 6,300 2 $5,000 $ 6,300 Nurse Registered" 620,000 61 ,000 2 $5,900 $ 6,700

1. Dat

more time for Torah studies. Training is usually avail­ should be created, (perhaps by Torah Umesorah) able in the evening, very often in local community staffed with competent personnel, to counsel young­ colleges, so that yeshiva students could continue study­ sters as to which fields are most desirable and where ing Torah in the earlier hours of the day. training is available. 3) Instructors 2) Yeshivos can establish contacts in technical schools are just interested in teaching a with existing vocational schools to make special ar­ skill, not inculcating in their students a "philosophy of rnngements for their students. Such arrangements might life." be handled by the central agency previously mentioned, 4) The vocational field it far less demanding of 3) Yeshivas could establish their own courses in some a man's dedication than the professions, so that a areas, as has been done by Shevet Yehuda of Bora skilled craftsman can find more time for his religious Park in computer technology. obligations, even after he has begun to work. Such steps would give our There are yeshiva students-may their number increase and may a number of ways in which our Roshei Yeshiva can they prosper-a valid alternative making possible their help Bnei Torah prepare themselves along the lines continued commitments to Torah, and providing them suggested. with a livelihood with dignity. Kial Yisroel can only 1) A central vocational guidance agency gain from a growing number of worker-scholars. D

The Jelrisli Observer I June, 1969 17 Leah Abramowitz I tnake their FAITJJ more strong. Does all your congregation Looking For A Minyan Man Fear G-d due to your teachings? No doubt, Pratt said emphatically, The Rabbi locked the door that day And due to my weekly preachings. I've really got to run. What do you preac/1? the voice asked. We've had our last June sermon, About the Jew today, Now it's tin1e for sumrner fun. The world he finds himself in .. Your name? a deep voice asked him. Flis problems ... you might say. The Rabbi turned: Who's that? And this succeeds, the voice said Your name? the voice just questioned. in strengthening their faith? Why, Barry Rudolf Pratt. Yori 1nust re111e111ber, Pratt said, Your father's na1ne? the voice asked. My communal leader.

18 The Jewish Observer / June, -1969 mesholim does not usually lie in a profound new idea contained in them, which would want spelling out, but in the special light that they throw on well-known BOOKS fundamentals - thus there is little value in re-stating these in overly pretentious epigrams. However, it should be emphasized once more that this is a very minor point which does not detract from the great WHO WANTS TO LIVE: 101 Mesholim of the Chofetz value of these volumes. It is to be hoped that they will Chayim, collected and edited by Mendel Weinbach find wide distribution among both old and young. D (Nachat Publications, Jerusalem, 1968, $3.95).

GIVE us LIFE, Mesholim and Masterwords of the Cha­ fetz Chayim, collected and edited by Mendel Weinbach Stay at the (Feldheim Publishers, Jerusalem/New York, 1969, $4.50). CENTRAL HOTEL

Let it be said at the very onset: these two volumes rep­ in Jerusalem resent a most worthwhile addition to the ever-growing Strictly Kosher • First-class air-conditioned body of Torah literature in English. In very readable rooms • Automatic Shabbos clock in each colloquial language, the sayings of the saintly sage of room which can he set to put out the lights on Shahhos to the wishes of each guest • Two Radin address themselves to an extraordinary variety beautiful restaurants - for meat and milk of topics, both eternal and contemporary. Whether • Spacious hall for smaller and larger affairs it be the intimate glimpses into the Chofetz Chayim's up to 1,000 people for conventions, weddings, own way of life, his explanations of biblical and rabbi­ and Bar-Mitzvas. • A Synagogue and two nic passages, or some general comments reflecting his mikvahs. wisdom and insight, the short stories and sayings here • • • • presented are an invaluable source of stimulation and Central Hotel is located in the Center of the enrichment. city within walking-distance to the Kotel Just a few short examples may suffice. Hamaaravi (Western Wall) and close to the Concerning our Sages' command to Htrave] to a place Chassidic centers of Gur and Belz, also near· of Torah," the Chafetz Chayim stressed that this "was by the dou•ntown busine,ss sections. not only meant for the learner's benefit but also for • • • • the opportunity of teaching others in a place. G-d If you wish to spend a glorious summer vaca· taught us this when He, in all His glory, left His tion in the Holy City of Jerusalem, make your reservation now. heavenly abode and came down to this lowly world to teach us Torah" (Give Us Life, p. 176). "People Write to: complain that their parnossa problems leave them CENTRAL HOTEL 'nothing to Jive on', and I ask them, 'Do you have any­ 6 Pines St. Davidka Square thing to die on'?'" (Ibid., p. 188). POB 1351 - Jerusalem "Heretical books Cable Address: CEN'l'HOTEL JERUSALEM are worse than idol worship itself, because they are talking idols who persuade their readers to worship false gods" (Ibid., p. 212). SCHECHTER & HIRSCH'S Such terse observations, which put the subject matter into a new light, make up these volumes. The index of topics (contained in K:~:Rlla7ill£116H@l. the first volume in the beginning, and in the second lNTI•• OCEANFRONT ·····- 37lh •• 311h SL MIAMI BEACH one at the end) is most helpful to the reader. At the ••• is a GREAT Kosher Hotel -you'll love it/ same time the serious student would undoubtedly have ·• DiAi. For Reservations Speak to appreciated it if the sources for every moshol or saying MIAMI SAM SCHECHTER FREE PARKING had been given, at the foot of each page or else in an PRIVATE POOL BEACH 800 - 327- 8165 AND appendix. FREE! or Call N.Y. Off: Pl 7-4238 SANDY BEACH A more serious question is · raised by Evenings & Sunday FA 7-1742 Rabbi Weinbach's addition to each moshol of a one­ sentence moral. By necessity these sentences ·sound $10.50 daily per person· - dble. occ. - June 22 to Sept. I trite; after all, the interest of the Chofetz Chayim's (SS of 157 'oom•) INCLUDING MEALS

The Jewish Observer I June, .1969 19 second looks at the jewish scene

Ivrit Spoken Here

...... •

"Galut psychology does not cease to operate at the borders of Israel. The feeling that it is especially 'smart' to do as the goyim - but in lvrit -- still runs deep."

On one of Jerusalem's pleasant dicative of something important a quorum. On a difficult appeal, mornings last October, a visitor to afoot. Alongside the door, the cal­ where the court divides, -a rehearing the third floor of the Courthouse in endar for the day listed but one is sometimes granted before a five the Russian Compound would have case, Shalit vs. the .;Minister of man court. A seven man court is noticed an unusual stir. Outside one Interior. extremely rare. The crowded and of the hearing rooms in which the Entering the ocurtroom one was alert courtroom and the pile of Supreme Court of Israel sits, were immediutely struck by the fact that tomes of legal reports together with newsreel cameras, floodlights and nine of the court's ten judges were one clearly recognizable non-legal other news-media paraphernalia, in- sitting. Ordinarily, three constitute book, Baruch Litvin's blue-backed

20 The Je1vish Observer I June, 1969 Jewish Identity, attested to the grav­ CONFRONTING EACH OTHER were Zi­ chology does not cease to operate ity of the proceeding. onist Israel and Torah Israel. The at the borders of Israel. The feeling first was born in the nineteenth that it is especially "smart" to do DRAWING CLOSER. the issue spelled century. Its mode of thought is of as the goyim, but in I vrit, still runs itself out. Up front sat the petition­ the nineteenth and twentieth cen­ deep. The Shalit case, like the "Mi er, a young naval officer, and his tury. It says "ooM" in Ivrit, but Hu Yehudi?" drama, is but one gentile wife, seeking a writ from J vrit to them is but another lan­ act in the struggle for auto-emanci­ the Court directing the Minister of guage, like Italian or French, where­ pation of the Jewish psyche from Interior to register their child as a in "ooM" means "nationality": a the shackles of goyishe thinking. Jew on the form where it indicates socio-po1itical concept with vague Will a Jewish court define the Jew­ "ooM". The petitioners conceded ,ethnic implications which have be­ ish people according to the cate­ rtbe propriety of the Minister's ref­ come eroded by the rise of the gories set by Jewish history, Jewish usal insofar as the category of theoretically non-ethnic American law and the plain meaning of the "DAT" was concerned. nations, and by modern mobility, language of the Jews in its historical An air of unreality pervaded this communication and inter-racial context, or will it adopt a subjective whole civil proceeding. Not one marriages. On the other side stands test, more in consonance with the penny was involved in the case. A those to who1n "ooM" means definitions of other nations? decision one way or the other would "OOM"-the mother source of a The Court, in an attempt to evade probably have little effect on the people, inseparable from its spirit­ the issue suggested to the govern­ lives of the litigants. Yet a private ual font, or "DAT". Following the ment that it eliminate the question lawsuit has rarely raised such in­ halaehah, the State of Israel with as to "ooM" but the government tensity of feeling and interest. ,great liberality includes as a Jew in has declined the suggestion. Hence, both senses anyone who can qualify the court has the problem again, The truth of the matter is that !in one respect. Thus. anyone de­ while all Jewry awaits to judge the litigants were not Commander scended from a Jewish mother, the them, even as they judge the matter Shalit and the Minister of Interior, least requirement for ethnic iden­ before them. The wrestling match but the peolpe of Israel itself, forced tification, is granted full fledged into self-confrontation. The State of of Jacob with the spirit of his twin recognition as to "ooM" and "DAT" brother enters another round. Israel, so to speak, was being com­ although his beliefs may be totally pelled to look into the mirror of REUBEN E. GROSS at variance with Jewish "DAT". history and to ask "Which is the Moreover, a convert of completely [Reuben Gross is a frequent con­ real Israel and which is the image?" alien origin, who identifies himself tributor to our pages. After years of This duality reevaled itself in the spiritually with the Jewish people practicing law in this country, in­ very words of the argument. He­ to the extent that he enters into cluding appearances before the brew was the medium of speech but the covenant of Abraham, will like­ United States Supreme Court, he is goyish was the mode of thought. wise gain this full recognition. an "articled clerk" in Jerusalen1 The key words of the argument were Commander Shalit's demand for where he will shortly be admitted "ooM" and "DAT", but what they the enrollment of his child as a to the Bar and practice law.] meant in using these words was Jew-despite the fact that the child "nationality" and ''religion" - a js not a Jew either in the ethnic rough translation but not the same or cultural sense-is an attack upon Have you seen ideas. In the course of argument the integrity of the Jewish people. the most outstanding the court and counsel recognized in It is another discordant variation European Orthodox a general way that "DAT" and "ooM" on the theme of "Mi Hu Yehudi?" bi-weekly newspaper, have no genuine equivalents in It is an attempt to substitute the published in Landon modem languages, but they per­ subjective test of "feeling Jewish" in English & Yiddish? sisted in using those words as if as the price of entry into the ranks they were talking about nationality of Jewry. What a simple way to THE JEWISH TRIBUNE and religion, as used in the context flood Israel with subversive elements It's lively and informative; of the languages of the western by guaranteeing their right of entry keeps you in touch. world. under the Law of Return simply Annual Subscription: $5.00 It should be noted that neither because they claim to feel Jewish! Jewish "ooM" or Jewish "DAT" are No country but Israel would Write for your sample copy: prerequisites for IsraeJi. citizenship, show such patience nor so dignify The Jewish Tribune .an attempt to subvert its basic 97 Stamford Hill although such status does create a ;London N. 16 special relationship to the State. definition. Unfortunately, galut psy-

The Jewish Ohserver I June, 1969 21 If you read Yiddish and take joy in a real "Yiddish vort "- you will find a rich treasure of Hashkofo and inspiration in the

This popular anthology contains articles and essays on the significance of the Yomim Noraim and Succos written by Gedolei Torah and Orthodox writers and thinkers. Many of the essays are out-of-print or not readily available.

Essays by: The first edition of the YOMIM NORAIM ANTHOLOGY was widely 111i'n 7Nni 71111~111 'Ji praised by rabbis and educators, and perceptive readers who appreciate 1n~n iln~·!Zi 1'N1J ":ii l'i?'itm iinN •Ji a real YIDDISH VORT. The Anthology is now in its second edition to 1!!~1l1DN11 JJn?N 'J1 meet the demands of the many readers whose orders we could not fill NJ~YT CnJ~ 'J1 "tV'N 7nn,, i,y:i when the first edition was exhausted. If you do not own a copy, order 1)17Dy"T ''711 1ll1'7N 'Ji N"1'Stv 1'Ni:l ':J1 now before the second edition is sold out. 1~'" vn•' cniJN '", 1'11)7? J1nN 'J1 The YOMIM NORAIM ANTHOLOGY is ideal for every Jewish reader. jt$r7i':l :i,i;, ~rnn' '::l1 There is within its pages a mine of source material for rabbis, public l'i?I~1~D )~':>! 'J1 r~~v ,~,.,1.) t:1''" ':ii ,,.,," vn•• ,,, speakers, and educators. It will be enjoyed by every member of your C'1JJ1'J )l'lJ •11 family: man, woman, and child. The Yomim Noraim Anthology is pub­ ltt~"T'10 Nll/11 11JD~7N '1 lished by the Orthodox Library of DOS YIDDISHE VORT. lttl171~ "'' 1111;;• 'J1

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22 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 fact - among others - that wel­ A .Welfare Injustice fare recipients who are unable to eat at home are granted a "'restau­ Injustice needs no context. The made it impossible for her to buy rant a11owance." COLPA has rejected victims of in justice suffer without kosher food, the woman was told, in the Justice's suggestion that Jewish regard to the circumstances. "Tzaras essence, that the State sees no obli­ organizations provide the additional rabim chatzi nechomo": our Sages gation to provide the welfare allow­ funds needed for the purchase of tell us that when anguish is shared ances necessary to her survival. kosher food, contending that "it is with others it is "half a consolation," the responsibility of the State to but only h21f, and only consolation: COLPA immediately filed an ap­ provide adequate welfare benefits the cause of the anguish must still peal from this ruling with the Kings to its citizens." They have also be undone. Yet, the context of an County Supreme Court, contending raised two constitutional issues: the injustice can compound the anguish that the ruling was "arbitrary, er­ right of the citizen for free exercise of its victim, and make it more in­ roneous, and contrary to law." Now of religion granted by the First tensely unjust. the injustice has been compounded: Justice Carmine Ventiera of the In recent years the cause of the Court, h2s rejected COLPA's conten­ poor has taken high priority in tion, while expressing himself as American society; it is constantly being "sympathetic to the petition­ in the news. The philosophy of wel­ er's plight," and adding the sugges­ fare aid has been broadened to tion that the woman seek help from include providing for the poor needs Jewish organizations. which in the past have been con­ Harvey Schwartz, the COLPA at­ KOSHER sidered luxuries, and therefore out­ side the realm of welfare. Working torney handling the case, has an­ -but strictly! mothers are granted allowances for nounced that he will appeal the day care of their children; for en­ Justice's ruling to the Appel ate tertainment; even for visits to the Division. Mr. Schwartz cited the hairdresser. It is in this context that we must view a recent decision by the King County Supreme Court in A limited number of copies of Brooklyn, New York. THE JEWISH A JEWISH WOMAN in Brooklyn had POCKET BOOKS been granted welfare aid for herself now available at and her six-year-old child under the Aid to Dependent Children Federal only 39¢ each Program. She is Orthodox, and ap­ Entire set of 12 only $3.95 plied to the New York State Social (attractive bookstand free) Services Department for an increase Cleaned, Fresh·Eviscerated Write for descriptive brochure~ in her welfare allowances to make Soaked & Salted or send" check or money order to: up for the additional cost of buying READY-TO-COOK kosher food. She was represented Traditional Educational Fresh and Fresh-Frozen in her appeal by an attorney from Association Supervised and endorsed by The COLPA (the National Jewish Com­ 11 West 42nd Street Union of Orthodox Jewish Congre· mission on Law and Public Affairs) New York, N. Y. 10036 @gations of America. Inspected tor which provides legal services with­ wholesomeness by the U.S, Dept. out cost to Orthodox Jews where Agriculture. their rights are considered to have SOLD COAST-TO-COAST been violated. (COLPA also concerns itself with legislative matters in MOVIMC? The Most Trusted Name that area). The State agency, grant­ ing the contention that kosher food Be sure to notify us in in Kosher Poultry does cost more money, rejected the advance so that your copies Empire l

The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 23 Amendment, and the equal-protec­ On May 28 The New York Times tion clause of the Fourteenth reported that the Social Services 'O 0 Amendment. Department in New York City has (In the midst of such a situation, been giving supplemental allowances it is encouraging that an Orthodox to a welfare client to cover his UHITED Jew, whose unique social problems golfing expenses - for "theraputic" do not fit into any of the rubrics of reasons. The 1natter came to Hght Chevra Kadisha social concern for the underprivi­ when the client appealed a ruling leged, has recourse to the highly by welfare authorities that he could D'chasidim • Har Hamnuchot not use welfare payments to buy a Founded 1856 competent legal aid of an organiza­ tion of dedicated, Orthodox attor­ trotting horse. The Bronx District neys and social scientists.) Attorney charged that the man was BURIAL IN JERUSALEM also receiving supplemental allow­ AND ALL CEMETERIES IN ISRAEL ances to help him pay gambling 1osses incurred at a race track. SERVICES ARRANGED IN Again: injustice needs no context; 1maal1n sakoOesh YOUR COMMUNITY yet a law which recognizes the SOCl€ty State's obligation to provide "res­ 44 CANAL ST. taurant allowances" to welfare NEW YORK CITY 10002 recipients, and excludes an Ortho­ Norman L. Jeffer dox Jew from its protection, is a Nr. E. Broadway Sta. "F" Train cruel and unjust law. Such a law - COMMUNITY CHAPELS, if this is indeed a correct interpre­ tation - is a blight on our legal Da~· & Nite Phone Inc. WA 5-2277 and social systems. It must be re­ 47th Street & Ft. Hamilton Parkway vised or reinterpreted, and we Brooklyn Phone UL 3-4000 commend and support COLP A's fight. In Canada: Our jurists and lawmakers, sadly, Chevra Kadisha must be reminded, that justice of United Jewish Congregations' Mikvah under Supervision of stands . . . or falls, as it relates to Montreal Tel.: 273 .. 3211 Bikur Cholim of Soro Park the plight of one solitary citizen. D

Copies of our ISRAEL INTERMENTS March issue with the RIVERSIDE much-discussed MEMORIAL CHAPEL, INC. THE ORTHODOX 76th STREET & AMSTERDAM AVENUE, N. Y. C. STUDENT Tel. EN 2-6600 ON THE COLLEGE CAMPUS SHLOMO SHOULSON are available at Announces: 50¢ per copy With a feeling of Responsibility and Personal Vigilance we make all necessary arrangements for BURIAL IN MEDINAT YISRAEL at ALL Only pre-paid orders cemeteries. Everything is done with the greatest exactitude and accord­ will be filled ing to Jewish 'taw. The Jewish Observer SOLOMON SHOULSON ~ CARL GROSSBERG Back-Issues DIRECTORS 5 Beekman Street Chapels Throughout New York, Miami Beach l':r Miami New York, N. Y. 10038

24 The Jewish Ohserver / June, 1969 Patience in Brooklyn d <#aff,;~ q/ £P5,,,,vai/3 .· Patience is a Jewish characteristic: Alerted to the situation, the local X ~db/ci :Znd by belief; by training; and by nec­ police took action. When seven essity. Living in Eternity the Jew young hoodlums attacked a "Has­ knows that time is on his side. sidic Rabbi," he whipped out a pis­ Authentic photographs of tol, and flashed a badge. He was a some of the The patient man does not by policeman, one of several mctnbers virtue of his patience fail to react of the Tactical Patrol Force who Founding Fathers to adversity. Y'et, his patience en­ of Agudath Israel were pounding their beats in Wil­ ables him to react with more del­ liamsburg, Crown Heights, and the iberance, and less hysteria than the Lower East Side disguised as Chas­ These pl1otographs are reproduced impatient man and the hot-head. sidim. One patrolman walking a on special stock and are ideal for street in Williamsburg on the Seder framing to adorn your home Jews living in Williamsburg have of late had reason to exercise their night last Pesach was mistaken for Yours for only $3.00 patience. Having been raised there, a Jew and invited to a Seder. Only we well remember the antisemitic when he flashed his badge did his (postage-paid) taunts tossed about freely in the persistent would-be-host allow him Rush your order - streets, the occasional tossing of a to get back to work. this is a limited edition rock-even a knife-, and every As word spread among local now and theh the supreme taunt: hoodlums the attacks diminished in "You guys killed our god!"-a number, and so successful was Educational Department charge which we vehemently denied. "Operation Hassidic Rabbi" that Agudath Israel of America New York's Mayor Lindsay an­ 5 Beekman St., N.Y., N.Y. 10038 Williamsburg has gone through many changes in the last two or nounced in the presence of a group Friends: Please send...... copies of your three decades, but the antisemitic of rabbis, that police dressed in limited.edition of the Gallery of Portraits hoodlum is still around. In recent other disguises would patrol high­ @ $3.00. I enclose cheek or money order months Chassidic Jews, who ac­ crime areas. for $...... count for a good proportion of Hot-heads in the Jewish commu­ Name ...... Williamsburg's Jewish population, nity who wanted to take the law have been singled out for street into their own hands, fortunately

Address.... <- attacks. This was not simply the did not prevail. The patience of usual street-crime that is the daily Jews was rewarded. Much remains CHy ..... Jot of New Yorkers. It was old­ to make New York City a safe State...... Zip ...... fashioned vicious, antisemitic hooli­ place to live in, but patience is ganisn1. still very much in order. 0

~~... h¥-'- r !J-maginalive monogram" & !J-nvilalion" =t~;.:,.,:::>"!"1b""~ designed and printed by AJ!1 A.0 e ;;tnT,S

The Je11.:ish Observer / June, 1969 25 INDEX OF ARTICLES AND AUTHORS - VOLUME 5

We have prepared this Index to assist readers and researchers in finding material on specific subjects. D If you cannot find what you are looking for, we will try to help you: enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your inquiry. D Copies of most issues are available at fifty cents each. (Add twenty five cents per copy if you desire shipment by first-class mail. If the issue you want is out-of-print, a photocopy of the specified article will be sent at the same rate. D Only pre-paid orders will be honored. Send your order to: The Jewish Observer / Back-Issue Department / 5 Beekman Street / New York, N. Y. 10038. D Volumes One, Two, and Three are indexed in our issue of November, 1966. D Volume Four is indexed in our issue of March, 1968. D Back issues are available at the Main Branch of The New York Public Library (42nd Street), and various local branches throughout the City. They are also available at various university Jibraries in this country, and overseas. D ARTICLES

AGUDATH ISRAEL Yaakov Rosenheim Church and State Whodunit, Oct. Jew, March '69; To Kiss - Or to Men1orial AntholoRY, reviewed, '68; Letter to the Editor, Nov. '68. Embrace?, May '69. SEE ALSO: FIC­ March '68; Respectfully Submitted, COLLEGE TION, HALACHA, HOLOCAUST, ISRAEL April '68; Letter to the Editor, April SEE: ORTHODOXY. -RELIGION, JEWISH EDUCATION, '68; Letter to the Editor, May '68; JEWS IN U.S.A., MEDICAL ETHICS, The Esrog and the Fruitfly, Oct. '68; CONSERVATIVE JUDAISM The Wearing ORTHODOXY, RELEVANCE, TZEDAKAH. The Security of Our People, Jan. '69; of The Green, April '68; A Letter "Never Again ...", Jan. '69. to the Editor, Nov. '68. SEE ALSO: HEART TRANSPLANT HALACHA, ISRAEL-RELIGION, RECON­ SEE: MEDICAL ETHICS. ANTISEMITISM The Latent and the STRUCTIONISM. Overt Antisemite, Jan. '69; Anti­ HOLOCAUST In the Flames of the Se1nitisn1 in West Gertnany, A Re­ EcuMENISM A 'Dialogue' Headache, Warsaw Ghetto, May '68; The Loss view, May '69. SEE ALSO: NEGROES March '68; We're Glad They Said of Europe's Torah Centers, Sept. '68; AND JEWS. It, May '68: "The Dilemma Christians Was It Eliahu Ha'Novi?, March '69. Face," May '69. ASSIMILATION In Defense of Assim- INTERNATIONAL SYNAGOGUE Looking ilation/A Letter to the Editor, March FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION For a Tenth Man at The Internation­ '68; Letter to the Editor, May '68. SEE: GOVERNMENT All> TO EDUCATION. al Synagogue, April '68. FICTION In Search of an Author, AUSTRALIAN JEWRY Orthodoxy in ISRAEL Pages From an Israel Diary, Australia, Sept. '68. Letter to the Editor, March '68; The Search, May '68; Daven ... Mein May '68; Divine Diplomacy, Is Israel AUTOPSIES IN ISRAEL Kindt, May '68; A .Modern Fable, Right and the Whole World Wrong?, Jan. '69; If Israel Lost The War, SEE: ISRAEL-RELl(;ION. Nov. '68. Feb. '69; What is a "Cultural At­ BIOGRAPHY Rabbi Eliezer Silver, GOVERNMENT AID TO EDUCATION The tache"?, May '69. March '68; Dr. Falk Schlesinger, Sept. •68. Supreme Court Textbook Decision, Sept. '68. SEE ALso: YESIUVOS. ISRAEL - RELIGION Israel's Newest BIRNBAUM, NATHAN The Jews of Religious Crisis-A Report On the HAI.ACHA The Halachic Status of the Austria, a review, April '68; Letter Moroccan Children Aliyah, March Swordfish, The Swordfish and the to the Editor, Oct. '68; Letter to the '68; No Seminaries-Only Yeshivos. Editor, Jan. '69. Sword of King Chezkyahu, April '68; May '68; A Battle Over the Mechitza Love and Law, May '69. at the Kosel-Forty Years Ago, Nov. '68; 'J'he Absurd Question: Who is BOOKS REVIEWED Ahavath Chesed BASHKOFO The Varieties of Redemp- (Chofetz Chaim), March '68; The tion, March '68; Why The Restless­ a Jew?, Nov. '68; Exporting Treason to Israel, Nov. '68; Israel's Doctors Maggid of Dubno and His Parables, ness?, March '68; The Chofetz Chaim March '68; Yaakov Rosenhebn Me­ Reacts to a Letter to the Editor, and Post-Mortem, Nov. '68; How morial Anthology, March '68; The April '68; To Picket ... Or to Pray?, Jews React to Crisis, Feb. '69. SEE Chosen, May '68; The Jents of Aus­ April '68; Human Responsibility: ALSO: AGUDATH ISRAEL, BIOGRAPHY, tria, April '68 (SEE ALSO: NATHAN Where Does it Begin/Where Does it '68; Letter to the Editor, Nov. '68. BIRNBAUM); Jews of Haniburg, April End, May '68; 1'he Relevance of HASHKOFO. '68; The Hirsch Siddur. March '69; Sanctity, Sept. '68; The Symbolism The Lehmann Hagadah; March '69. FICTION ln Search of an Author, of the "Shoe" in Torah Law and Letter to the Editor, March '68; The Anti-Semitism in JYest Germany; Lore, Oct. '68; The "New Morality"/ May '69. Search, May '68; Daven ... Mein A Moral Fiction, Feb. '69; The Jew Kindt, May '68; A Modern Fable, CHURCH AND STATE, SEPARATION OF A Without Torah: The "Non-Jewish" Nov. '68.

26 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 JEWISH EDUCATION B"nai Brith & Te- LITERATURE The Jew Without Torah: RELEVANCE To Picket ... Or To filin, April '68; The Challenge of the The "Non-Jewish" Jew, March '69; Pray, April '68. SEE ALSO: JEWS IN Cheder, .May '68; Jews Without a The Metamorphosis of Jiri Langer, U.S.A. Press, Sept. '68; Torah Education May '69. SHECHJTA The Most Sanitary Method, and Emunoh ... The Growing Gap, April '68. Oct. '68; Justice Fortas and Torah, MEDICAL ETHICS The Rising Cost of Oct. '68. SEE AI,SO: Yt:SHIVOS. Life, Sept. '68; The Heart Transplant SoCJAL WORK An Orthodox Jewish in Israel Raises Some Basic Question. Social Workers Examines His Pro­ JEWISH HISTORY Needed: An Archive Jan. '69. fession's Values, Nov. '68; Letter to for Torah Jewry, April '68; The Jews MORALITY the Editor, Jan. '69; Letters to the of Austria, Jews of Ha1nhurg (re­ SEE: HASHKOFO, ORTHODOXY. Editor, Feb. '69. views), April '68; The Jews of Aus­ tria, Letter to the Editor, Oct. '68; NEGROES AND JEWS The Negro and SOVIET JEWRY The Moscow Rav's The Faith of Our Fathers, Jan. '69. the (Orthodox) Jew, Sept. '68; A Visit to America, Oct. '68; Letter to SEE ALso: ASSIMILATION, HOLOCAUST, Reply to Some Critics, Jan. '69. the Editor, Nov. '68. JEWISH PRESS, NATHAN BIRNBAUM. NEW YORK TIMES, THE What'ye TORAH STUDY The Pursuit of Mishna, JEWfSH OBSERVER, THE Letter to the Read?, March '68; A Lesson in April '68. SEE ALSO: HASHKOFO, Editor, Jan. '69; "A Little Too Seri­ Journalism·, May '69. TZEDAKAH How a Jew Must Share ous ...", March '69. ORTHODOXY How To Te11 the Cranks His Blessings, Jan. '69. From the Young Turks. Feb. '69; A JEWISH PRESS Jews Without a Press, VERSE The End of Days, Oct. '68; Room for the Maid but Not for Leaves, Jan. '69. Sept. '68. Mother, Feb. '69; The Orthodox Stu­ JEWISH LAW dent on the College Campus, March WORLD JEWRY Pikuach Nefesh Call SEE; HALACHA. '69; (Letters to the Editor, May '69). for North African Jews, May '68; SEE ALso: NEGROES AND JEWS, Pus­ The Moscow Rav's Visit to America, JEWS IN U.S.A. Average Jew, U.S.A. Oct. '68. -A 16th Century View, Oct. '68; LISHJNG, SOCIAL WORK. Sideburns and Peyos, Oct. '68; How PUBLISHING The Book Industry and YEsH1vos The Tuition Squeeze on About That?, Nov. '68; A Jewish Orthodox Judaism, Nov. '68. Yeshiva Parents, March '68; Citadels Expert, Jan. '69; A Unique Work, of Torah in America, April '68; Jan. '69; Polluting Jewish Life, Feb. RECONSTRUCTJONJSM Vey to the Sur- Letter to the Editor, May '68; New '69; Matter & Anti-Matter, Feb. '69. vey, May '68. Outposts of Torah, Oct. '68; An SEE ALSO; AGUDATH ISRAEL, CHURCH REFORM JUDAISM No Basis in Jewish Untapped Source for Yeshiva Funds, AND STATE, HASHKOFO, INTERNATION­ Tradition, Oct. '68; "I'm a Reform Jan. '69; The Yeshiva Principal - AL SYNAGOGUE, JEWISH EDUCATION, Jew ... But ...", Jan. '69. SEE Administrator or Model of the Life JEWISH PRESS, ORTHODOXY, SOVIET ALSO~ JSRAEL-RELJGJON, JEWS IN of Learning, May '69. SEE ALSO: JEWRY, YEsH1vos. U.S.A. GoVERNr.1ENT AID TO EDUCATION.

AUTHORS BLEICH, DAVID The Varieties of Re- GORR, SHMUEL Orthodoxy in Aus- LAMM, NORMAN Love and Law, demption, March '68; The "'New tralia, Sept. '68; The End of Days, May '69. Morality'': A Moral Fiction, Feb. '69. Oct. '68. LEVI, LEO How To Tell The Cranks DAVIS. AVROHOM The Pursuit of GROSS, REUBEN E. A Church and From The Young Turks, Feb. '69. Mishna, April '68; Sideburns and State Whodunit, Oct. '68. Peyos, Oct. '68; New Outposts of SCHWARTZ, ELKANA An Untapped Torah, Oct. '68. HOENIG, D. BERNARD & SHMUEL N. Source for Yeshiva Funds, Jan. '69. Torah Education & Emunoh DrcK, JUDAH The Tuition Squeeze on The Growing Gap, Oct. '68. SHAPIRO, CHAIM Was it ... Eliahu Yeshiva Parents, March '68; 'fhe Ha'Novi?, March '69. Supreme Court Textbook Decision, JACOBS, YAAKOV To Picket .. , Or SHERER, MOSHE "Never Again ...", Sept. '68. to Pray?, April '68; Human Re­ Jan. '69. FELDMAN, EMANUEL Pages From an sponsibility: Where Does it Begin/ TENDLER, MosHE The Halachic Status Israel Diary, May '68; How Jews Where Does it End?, May '68; The of the Swordfish, April '68. React to Crisis, Feb. '69. Book Industry and Orthodox Juda­ ism, Nov. '68; The Jew Without WEINBERGER, BERNARD The Negro FEUER, A VROHOM CHAIM To Kiss - Torah: The "Non-Jewish" Jew, Or to Embrace?, May '69. and the (Orthodox) Jew, Sept. '68; March '69; The Metamorphosis of A Reply to Some Critics, Jan. '69; FINKELSTEIN, RUTH Respectfu11y Sub- Jiri Langer, May '69. A Room for the Maid But Not For mitted, April '68; The Search, May KELLER, CHAIM The Relevance of Mother, Feb. '69. '68. Sanctity, Sept. '68. WIENER, JACOB An Orthodox Jewish FRIEDMAN, MURRAY I. The Faith of Our Fathers, Jan. '69; The Yeshiva KIRZNER, YISROEL MAYER The Rising Social Workers Examines His Pro~ Principal Administrator, Or Cost of Life, Sept. '68. fession's Values, Nov. '68. WOLPIN, NISSON Daven . . . Mein Model of the Life of Learning?, K1.AUSNER, JACK A Modern Fable, May '69. Kindt, May '68. Nov. '68. GIFTER, MoRDECHAI Why the Rest- KRANZLER, DAVID Needed: An Ar- ZIEMBA, ABRAHAM Jn The Flames of lessness?, March '68. chive for Torah Jewry, April '68. The Warsaw Ghetto, May '68.

The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 27 New Books from Feldheim Letters to the Editor CHAFETZ CHAIM CLASSICS IN ENGLISH: Ahavath Ches,u'd. Kindness as Required by G-d. On the Mitzvoth between Man and Man ...... $4.50 WHO WANTS TO UVE. 101 Mcsho­ lim, Collected and Edited by Mendel Weinbach. $3.95 GIVE US LIFE. Mesholim and Master­ words. Collected and Edited by Mendel Weinbach. ... $4.50 'fHE NINETEEN LETTERS by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch. New edition Frantisek Langer very well in by Jacob Breuer...... $3.75 Kafka's Jewishness Prague and later in London where, THE WAY OF G-D. A Textbook for during the second world war, he the teaching of Jewish precepts and (The writer of the following letter was a doctor with the Czech Army. ethics hy Rabbi Moshe Max ...... $3.75 is a well-known author and critic. Your statement on Kafka's Jewish GLORY OF THE TORAH by Samuel Kramer. 27 Lessons on actual questions, !lis book Here Comes Kafka is feelings which he showed i.e. in answers and discussions during religious based on his intimate friendship bis letter to Dora Dymant's father instruction sessions. $4.00 with Kafka when they lived together are to me further proof that Kafka THE FAMILY Y AGUILAR by Mar­ in Prague. Much of the discussion while studying Hebrew with my cus Lehman. Adopted from the German of Kafka's Jewishness by literary brother-in-law Tbieberger did so for by Jacob Breuer...... $3.50 critics is based on speculation and profound religious reasons not for TALES OF FAITH by Rabbi S. A. Hal­ literary exegesis, but Prof. Urzidil "'practical" ones connected with Zi­ pern. 26 heartwarming stories written writes from personal knowledge and onist plans as some Kafka-inter­ by a noted English Rosh Yeshivah. 3.50 experience.) preters would like to stress. He ETHICS FROM SlNAI by Irving Bunim. was, of course, highly interested in An eclectic, wide-ranging commentary on Pirke Avoth. Vol. I Perek 1·3, $6.50: To the Editor: Zionism. But as a writer and phi­ Vol. JI Perek 4, $5.50; Vol. III Perek I have read your article on Jiri losopher, while deeply influenced 5-6, $7.50; Set Boxed, $19.50. Langer [May, 1969] with the by Jewish traditional ideas, he had FOUNDATIONS OF JEWISH BELIEF greatest interest and attention. Jiri in his mind the problems of the by Rabbi Martin H. Schwarz. A reasoned general moral existence of mankind exposition of the faithful Jew's belief in Langer was an extraordinary phe­ G-d and His Law: the Torah $3.75 as such and became, therefore, im­ nomenon in Prague. Even in Czech­ THE LAWS OF REPENTANCE (Hil­ oslovakia which bordered on Galicia portant not only to Jews but to chot Teshuvah) by the Rambam. In the and (with its Carpatbo-Russian anyone everywhere of our genera­ English translation by Rabbi J\.1oses part) on Russia proper, Chassidic tion. Hyamson. Paperback...... $ .50 Jews very rarely visited Prague. One I was very interested, too, in MAIMONIDES !. The Book of Knowl­ your Review as such. Being not a edge; 2. The Book of Adoration. Hebrew could meet them, in fact, occasion­ text with English translation by Rabbi ally only in Kurlsbad (Karlovy Jew myself, although through my Dr. Moses Hyamson. Two vols. $10.00 whole life deeply involved with Jew­ Vary) where the richer ones some­ CHOVOS HALEVOVOTH - DUTIES times came for treatment. Previously ish matters and problems, and, in OF THE HEART by Bachya Ibn Paqu· -when Czechoslovakia still be­ that respect, probably more and dah. Con1plete Hebrew text and English better Jewish educated than most translation by Rabbi Dr. Moses Hyam­ longed to the Austrian-Hungarian son. Five parts in two vols. .. $10.00 Monarchy-the situation was the of my assimilated Jewish acquaint­ same in the Bohemian countries ances, I have the greatest reverance T and in Prague, whereas more Polish for the upkeeping of the holy Jewish PHILIPP FELDHEIM, Inc. Jews made their home in Vienna. tradition and I certainly despise "The House of the Jewish Book" everyone who for reasons of ex­ When I was a child in Prague, I 96 EAST BROADWAY never met a Polish Jew in Kaftan. pedience sacrifices his Jewishness NEW YORK, N. Y. 10002 and tries to be "wie die anderen Telephone: WA 5-3180 You may inform yourself about Heiden." my own Jewish roots and intellec­ FELDHEIM PUBLISHERS LTD. tual sources from my book There JOHANNES URZIDIL 39 TACHKEMONI JERUSALEM, ISRAEL Goes Kafka. I knew, of course, Queens, New York

28 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 generation to generation of Torah What is a Yeshivo? as it was given at Sinai. Rika Breuer The latter phrase represents not To the Editor: an incidental but an indispensable In bis letter in your May issue, condition. The teachers and students Teachers Judah Dick eritieizes the yeshiva who earry the burden of insuring world for concentrating its energies the continuity of Torah must teach "on the Kolle! candidates to the and study it in a setting of k' dusho Seminary neglect of potential and actual prob­ v'taharo: kodosh meaning sacred as lems confronting the yeshiva student ·opposed to secular; tohor meaning Day anti Evening Divisions who attends college." Together with pure as opposed to adulterated. others of your correspondents who Chazal tell us that from the earliest Dav Division Classes Will Beain: made similar criticisms, he proposes days of our people lo poskoh yeshi­ Sept. 3, 1969-Elul 20, 5729 the institution in yeshivas of pro­ voh-the yeshiva has been our grams designed to prepare students agency for insuring this continuity. Evening Div. Classes Will Begin: for coUege education and earning a The program and faee of the ye­ Oct. 6, 1969-Tishrei 24, 5730 livelihood in the secular world. shiva must therefore represent the These eritieisms and proposals study of Torah lishmoh. The· pro­ lose sight of the role of the yeshiva duction of talmidei chachomim who * A two-year (Evening Division: devote their entire lives to the study three-year) program of advanced gedola in traditional Jewish life. Just as the basic belief of Orthodoxy and propagation of Torah in this Jewish studies. Dedicated to pre­ js Torah 1ni'Sinai, the basis of its form must be the goal and ideal of paring young women for life in the continuity is Torah ki-n'sinosoh ,the yeshiva. That others not des­ modern world in the true spirit of ,mi'Sinai-the com1nunication from tined for Torah careers pass through Beth Jacob. * residence facilities its portals and become fine b'nei for out-of-town students in the Day Torah as a result is a vital by­ Division. * course of studies 1ead­ product. But if the concentration ing to either a general diploma or r I .of the Roshei Yeshivas on their goal a teachers diploma and Torah Yours for precludes the intensive involvement Umesorah Teachers License. * stu­ dent teaching in conjunction with the asking major Day Schools in the Metropo­ Delicious GLATT KOSHER Break­ WANTED: Agent for S'forim (New), litan area. fast, Lunch, Dinner served to you by most Airlines at no extra cost. Write: Tor ah Meirah, 17 Linthorpe Rd. Starting In Fall 1969/5730 When arranging for your next air Stamford Hill, London N. 16. trip be sure, request HSchreiber Kosher Air Meals." Available in * One year postgraduate studies over 50 cities. program for graduates of Beth 16th AVENUE GARAGE CO. 0 E>p°'t Prepared under Rabbinical super. lr:'\.U Repairs, Free Road Service D Big Discount Jacob Seminaries, for advancement \lision of the Union of Orthodox W on Tires 0 Plaid Stamps with Every Sale in Torah knowledge and profession­ Jewish Congregations. U. S. Govern· 1602 - 62nd Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 11204 rnent !n~pec!ed, 0 DE 1·0229, BE 2·9513 0 GULF GAS al co1npetcnce. Classes will meet --"":._-"--"_ ...... ,,~ iu the afternoons. LOFTS, FACTORIES To Rent o• Buy D All A•eas 0 EARL H. SPERO 0 11 West • 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10036 D BR 9.1539 For Information and Registration Call: LO 8-6200 RIKA BREUER A week·day Bar Mitzvah, either with ar without Krias TEACHERS SEMINARY Hatorah, can be an inspir· 85-93 BENNETT A VENUE ing experience and will NEW YORK, N. Y. 10033 avoid Chilul Shabbos.

The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 29 of themselves and of the yeshivos face of the u.s.; leading Torah partzuf hayeshiva spells danger to in the problems of those who will Umesorah to bring Orthodoxy to Torah. Shortly before the turn of leave the yeshiva for secular careers, hundreds of thousands of American the century the Czarist government then so be it; it is unfortunate that children, the founding and direction threatened to shut down the Volo­ such a conflict of priorities exists, of Chinuch Atzmai which oper­ zhiner Yeshiva, first of the modern but there can be no question as to ates institutions of Torah chinuch yeshivos, if it did not incorporate the wisdom of their choice. throughout Eretz Yisroel, and the secular studies in its program. When Some will ask, What good will a formulation of klal policy as Chair­ asked his advice, Rav Yosef Ber few hundred Torah scholars do us if man of Agudath Israel's Moetzes Soloveitchik, the Brisker Rov, ruled we lose the masses through neglect? Gedolei Ha'Torah-when we look that the yeshiva should close down The answer is, first, we are not at the lasting accomplishments of rather than heed the decree. The losing the masses, because a large this one man, we can understand yeshiva was closed down. "What percentage of yeshiva students con­ why our Torah leaders are so con­ will become of Torah now?" he tinue full-time Torah study after cerned with producing Torah giants was asked by his followers. His high-school long enough to become of his caliber. Without these gedolim reply was that G-d will take care competent to withstand the moral there can be no Torah propagation, -Of His Torah, but we have no au­ and intellectual pressures of college and without Torah there can be no thority to alter the sacred form of and our secular environment. Orthodox laymen. Who will teach Torah com1nunication. And the Second, even if this were not so, Torah to the religious scientist's or closing of Volozhin stimulated the the choice would still be clear. The lawyer's children if not these l'Stablishment of new yeshivos Slobodker Yeshiva's Mashgiach m'chanchim? G-d said "Hal'vai Osi throughout Europe. once told his students that the task ozovu v'sorosi shomoru"-"Would Certainly Orthodoxy must con­ of the entire yeshiva was to work that they would abandon Me but cern itself with the religious well­ toward the development of just one guard My Torah"-because with being of those youngsters who feel ontstanding ta/mid: that young boy the continuity of Torah the endur­ they must attend college to obtain was Rav Aharon Kotler. When we ance of an observant Kial Yisroel a livelihood. But the solutions can­ look back at his accomplishments is assured, but an observant Jewry not result in altering the sacred in­ -the planting of a yeshiva the without gedolei Torah is doomed. stitution of the yeshiva. An institu­ branches of which are changing the Any change in the millennia-old tion offering Torah studies together with vocational training is an Or­ thodox vocational school, not a yeshiva, an institution which offers Torah studies together with college YESHIVA MACHI/KAI TORAH education is a college under Ortho­ dox auspices, not a yeshiva. (See under the auspices of the the Netziv's Meishiv Dovor, Re­ sponsum No. 44.) Talk of making New England Chassidic Center the yeshivos all these things, or creating such institutions and calling is Boston's only yeshiva offering day or them yeshivos, is a disservice to evening classes for post high-school students Torah. MENACHEM M. GREENBERG For information write: Wickliffe, Ohio 1710 Beacon Street, Brookline, Mass. 02146 or call: 16171 734-5100 SUMMER YOUTH PROJECTS IN ISRAEL SUCCESS The new projects backed by the Ameri­ TRADITION PERSONNEL AGENCY can Agudah for American youngsters who want to spend their sum·mer in "At Your Service With All Your Employment Needs" Israel, have met with great success: Need A Shomer Shabbos Job? Camp S'dei Chemed lnteniational, which Looking For A Shomer Shabbos Person? provides a full camping program for boys from the ages of 12 to J 6; and For Fast, Efficient and Courteous Service the Live-and-Learn-in-Israel Summer Se­ 147 W. 42 St., New York, N. Y. (Suite 1111) • 563-3994 minar for Girls, from 15 through 19, Open Monday night by appointment only sponsored by the Beth JB.cob Teachers Seminary of Jerusalem.

30 The Jewish Observer / June, 1969 AGUDAH HAILS NEW U.S.A. tra1n1ng as an Agudist as one of the and Albany, regarding the Uniform Ana~ ESROG IMPORT AGREEMENT first Pirchei members in this country tomicaJ Gift Act, a measure which seeks over three decades ago, and gradually to unify the Jaws in all the states on The U. S. Department of Agriculture grew up in the ranks to positions of top donations of organs from a deceased has worked out a new arrangement with leadership in the movement. A noted person for transplanting purposes. Israel on importing the esrog from the Orthodox educator, he has been on the Through personal contacts and a series Holy Land for use this Succos, which is staff of the Yeshiva Taras Emes in of memoranda, Aguda.th Israel has em­ less cumbersome and costly than the Boro Park for many years, and has lec­ phasized that while the bill's motives method used last year to assure that tured extensively on Jewish education. are noteworthy, because it requires con­ the esrog is free from the Mediterranean He ha" also edited many children's sent for any such donation and estab­ fruit fly. Agudath Israel of America, publications for Pirchei Agudath Israel. lishes the rights of the next-of-kin, there which had been in constant contact with These texts are used throughout the are various loopholes which must be all factors, lauded the agreement as "a country and are basic Orthodox educa­ closed before Orthodox Jews can support model example of international good tional source materials. such legislation. The biggest danger in will to amicably resolve a religious the present act, which ha~ been intro­ problem." duced in several states, is that it does The problem developed ]ast year AGUDATH ISRAEL ASKS not determine the "time of death." from an Agriculture Department regu· U. S. CONGRESS TO RESTORE Since this question has caused serious Jation banning the import of Citrus fruits FULL EDUCATION BUDGET abuses by surgeons during the past year, from the mid·East unless fumigated, The Congress of the United States was the Agudah has been insisting that any which would have made it virtually im· Jaw on transplants must clearly spell possible for American Jews to observe called upon to restore the full funding of all the federal aid programs for edu­ out that the time of death is determined Succos properly. Agudath Israel initiated by when breathing stops. This stand the negotiation of an agreement in 1968 cation, in testimony delivered to the House Appropriations Sub-committee on was taken by several legislators in Al­ with the Agriculture Department offi­ bany, who had been apprised of Agu. cials, under which an American inspec­ Education by Rabbi Moshe Sherer, ex­ ecutive president of Agudath Israel of dath Israel's position and the bill was tor worked in Israel for many weeks to defeated. supervise the inspection of each Esrog, America. Rabbi Sherer joined Dr. Arthur after a J 0-day incubation period prior S. Flemming, former Secretary of to shipment overseas. Health, Education and Welfare under The new agreement eliminates the President Eisenhower, in testifying be­ American inspector overseas and accepts fore the Congressional committee hear­ certification of the Israel government's ing, chaired by Representative Daniel Talmudical College & Plant Protection Division, which will Flood of Pennsylvania. They represented examine each esrog after a five day in­ an emergency committee for full fund­ Mesivta of Pittsburgh cubation period, while the U. S. govern­ ing of education programs which has ment reserves the right to reinspect any been organized in Washington. announces that esrog on arrival. In a letter to the Agri­ Rabbi Sherer declared that "Ameri­ culture Department hailing this new can citizens concerned with the non­ as part of our four-year expansion agreement, Rabbi Moshe Sherer de­ public schools arc united with the public plan we are adding another grade for school leaders in requesting that an the clared: 'The elimination of the expense the coming and trouble of setting up an American federal aid programs for education inspector in Israel during the month of should be restored to their full budge­ ELLUL 5729 SEMESTER harvest time is commendable. Once tary capacity. The educational fabric of again the American government has our society is woven of many strands, we will accomodate students for and this partnership between the public demonstrated that it will pursue every 9th & 10th GRADES possible avenue to enable its citizens to and non-public schools can only meet practice their religious faith in full the historic responsibiilty of this gen­ MESIVTA HIGH SCHOOLS freedom." eration if Congress places a top nation­ end BEIS MEDRASH al priority on educational funding," he declared. Our High-School is licensed RABBI SILBERMINTZ, NOTED Agudath Israel of America has since and accredited by the EDUCATOR, NAMED 1960 set the pace among Orthodox Jews AGUDAH YOUTH DIRECTOR in aggressive advocacy of more federal State of Pennsylvania RABBI JOSHUA SJLBERMJNTZ, noted edu­ aid for the secular programs of religious All instructors are licensed cator, was named National Director of schools, and the executive president of by the State Pirchei Agudath Israel of America, the the organization has testified on this boys division of the Agudath Israel subject many times before various Senate Talmudical Colle9e and House Committees. , movement in this country, at a meeting & Mes,ivta of Pittsbur9h of the organization's executive board. Upon assum·ing his post, Rabbi Silber­ 5751 Bartlett Street AGUDAH POINTS TO Pittsbur9h, Pa. 15217 mintz will spearhead an expansion pro­ LOOPHOLES IN "UNIFORM gram to broaden the scope of the Agu­ ANATOMICAL GIFT ACT" Phone: 412 - 521·9144 dist youth movement, which is served N. Y. C. Phone: by over one thousand volunteer group In recent months, Agudath Israel of leaders. America has been in close contact with CO 7-1938 /HY 4·6979 Rabbi Silbermintz received his early government authorities i:i Washington

The Jewisft Observer I June, 1969 31 free: while they last

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"'If you are a subscriber, and would like to have a set for your ow"! use, renew your subscription for three years at the reduced rate of $12.00 and we will send you the Gallery free of cost. This is ~n $18.00 value for only $12.00-a saving of six dollars.

This offer is valid only as long as our li1nited.edition supply lasts - your order will be returned unfilled if it arrives too late. Don't risk losing out on this rare opportunity !

:::::.:. - C GIFT CERTIFICATE <:3:~<=3~·~' - A GIFT FOR ME ~~~ Please enter a suhscnpt1011 111 1ny na1ne and nHh you1 ®~ My subscription is still running. I enclose $12.00 for 1.J'® free Galle1y of Portraih of Gedole1 Y1sroel. I enclose a three-year renewal. Please send a free Gallery of $5.00. Portraits of G'dolei Yisroel to me. ® ~~j~