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Download Full Article in PDF Format Neoschmidia, a new genus of Rutaceae from New Caledonia Thomas G. HARTLEY Australian National Herbarium, Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. [email protected] KEY WORDS ABSTRACT Rutaceae, The new genus Neoschmidia is described and placed next to Halfordia in tribe Neoschmidia, new genus, Zanthoxyleae, a new name (N. pallida) is established, and a new species New Caledonia. (N. calycina) is described. RÉSUMÉ MOTS CLÉS Neoschmidia, un nouveau genre de Rutaceae de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Rutaceae, Le nouveau genre Neoschmidia est décrit et placé à côté de Halfordia dans la Neoschmidia, nouveau genre, tribu des Zanthoxyleae, un nouveau nom (N. pallida) est établi et une Nouvelle-Calédonie. nouvelle espèce (N. calycina) est décrite. During studies on Rutaceae for the Flore de la usque attenuatis, in ramulis decurrentibus, margine inte- Nouvelle-Calédonie it has become evident that the gris, revolutis; inflorescentiis cymosis vel ad flores solitarios redactis, bracteatis, axillaribus, saepe inter folia occultis; New Caledonian Eriostemon pallidus Schltr. (an floribus actinomorphis, bisexualibus, in alabastro pen- illegitimate name, being a later homonym of tagone ovoideis; sepalis 5, basi vel usque 1/2 longitudine E. pallidus (Benth.) F. Muell.) and a closely connatis, in alabastro valvatis, in fructu persistentibus; related undescribed species constitute a morpho- petalis 5, distinctis, in alabastro anguste imbricatis vel logically isolated taxon that has never been for- valvatis, crassis et carnosis, 1-nervibus, carinatis, ovato- mally recognized. The purpose of this paper is to ellipticis usque lanceolatis, 4-6 mm longis, apice adaxi- give a taxonomic account of these plants, which aliter aduncis, in fructu deciduis; staminibus 10, alternatim inaequalibus, staminibus antisepalis longitu- are described as a new genus. dine c. 4/5 perianthii partes aequantibus; filamentis dis- tinctis vel basaliter connatis, subulatis, ciliatis, apicem versus saepe glanduloso-papillatis; antheras glabris, ellip- Neoschmidia T.G. Hartley, gen. nov. soideis, 0.6-0.8 mm longis, dorsifixis, versatilibus, intror- sis, sine appendicibus basalibus, apice obtusis usque Frutices, trichomatibus simplicibus et compositis (2-5 mucronulatis; disco intrastaminali, glabro, pulvinato; brachiis radiantibus); foliis alternis, simplicibus, sessilibus gynoecio 5-carpellato et 5-loculato, in disco partim incluso, vel subsessilibus, saepe confertis et ascendentibus, coriaceis, ovariis basaliter connatis et lateraliter a stylo junctis, glanduloso-punctatis, pinnatinervibus, basi cuneatis aliter distinctis, circa 1 mm longis, placentatione axiali, ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2003 • 25 (1) : 7-12 © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. 7 Hartley T.G. ovulis in quoque loculo 2, subcollateralibus, stylo glabro, lar spur-like appendage up to 1 mm long; epicarp cum stigmate 0.5-1.5 mm longo, stigmate capitato, dry, subwoody, ribbed; endocarp glabrous, the inconspicue 5-lobato; fructu ex folliculis 1-5 constanti, carpellis abortivis, si ullis, persistentibus, folliculis ventral part thinly fleshy, tearing free and persis- basaliter connatis, ± asymmetrice ellipsoideis usque tent on the seed as a transversely elliptic to obovoideis, 4-6 mm longis, saepe rostro stylari brevi et/vel broadly obovate piece of tissue, remainder of appendice calcariformi extra-stylari usque 1 mm longa endocarp (the dorsilateral part) cartilaginous, dis- praeditis; epicarpio sicco, subligneo, costato; endocarpio charged with the seed when fruit dehisces. Seeds glabro, sub dehiscentia cum semine dimisso; seminibus solitariis (cum ovulo abortivo gemellis), reniformibus, 3-4 solitary (paired with an abortive ovule), reniform, mm longis; testa tenui et fragili, granulosa, lustrata, atro- 3-4 mm long; testa thin and brittle, granulose, brunnea vel nigra, parte interior nigra, sclerenchymata, dark brown to black, lustrous, with inner layer of apertura chalazali basali, circulari; endospermio copioso; dense, black sclerenchyma (the sclerotesta), cha- embryone recta, hypocotylo supero, cotyledonibus planis, lazal aperture (observable on the inner surface of complanatis, elliptico-oblongis, hypocotylo circa duplo latioribus. testa) basal, circular; endosperm copious; embryo straight, hypocotyl superior, cotyledons plane, TYPUS.—Neoschmidia pallida T.G. Hartley. flattened, elliptic-oblong, about twice as wide as the hypocotyl. Shrubs, trichomes simple and compound (2- ANOMALY.—In Neoschmidia pallida, occa- 5 arms radiating from base). Leaves alternate, sim- sional flowers are 4-merous (sepals, petals, ple, sessile or subsessile, often crowded and carpels, and lobes of stigma each 4, stamens 8). ascending, coriaceous, glandular-punctate, pin- ETYMOLOGY. — The generic name commemo- nately veined, base cuneate to attenuate, decur- rates Maurice SCHMID of IRD (ex ORSTOM), rent on branchlets, margin entire, revolute. Nouméa, and the Muséum National d’Histoire Inflorescences cymose or reduced to solitary flow- Naturelle, Paris, authority on the New ers, bracteate, axillary, often hidden among leaves. Caledonian flora and specialist in New Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, pentagonally Caledonian Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae). ovoid in bud; sepals 5, connate at base or up to 1/2 their length, valvate in bud, persistent in fruit; Neoschmidia is characterized mainly by its petals 5, distinct, narrowly imbricate or valvate in alternate, simple leaves, axillary inflorescences, bud, thick and fleshy, 1-nerved, keeled, ovate- bisexual, 5-merous, diplostemonous flowers, elliptic to lanceolate, 4-6 mm long, hooked adaxi- nearly apocarpous ovary and fruit, paired ovules, ally at apex, deciduous in fruit; stamens 10, dry, follicular fruit which at dehiscence discharges alternately unequal, the longer (antisepalous) ones the endocarp with the seed, thin, brittle testa about 4/5 as long as perianth; filaments distinct or which has an inner layer of dense, black scle- basally connate, subulate, ciliate, often glandular- renchyma, copious endosperm, and its embryo, papillate toward apex; anthers glabrous, ellipsoid, which has flattened cotyledons that are consider- 0.6-0.8 mm long, dorsifixed, versatile, introrse, ably wider than the hypocotyl. without basal appendages, apex obtuse to mucronulate; disc intrastaminal, glabrous, pulv- inate; gynoecium 5-carpelled and 5-loculed, par- Relationships of Neoschmidia tially embedded in disc, ovaries connate basally and joined laterally in the style, otherwise distinct, Neoschmidia appears to be most closely related to c. 1 mm long, placentation axile, ovules 2 per Halfordia F. Muell., differing mainly in its axillary locule, subcollateral, style glabrous, including (vs. terminal) inflorescences, its 5-carpelled and - stigma 0.5-1.5 mm long, stigma capitate, incon- loculed (vs. 3 to 5-carpelled and -loculed), nearly spicuously 5-lobed. Fruit of 1-5 follicles, abortive apocarpous (vs. completely syncarpous or at apex carpels, if any, persistent, follicles basally connate, septicidally fissured) ovary and fruit, its paired (vs. ± asymmetrically ellipsoid to obovoid, 4-6 mm solitary) ovules, and its dry, follicular (vs. fleshy, long, often with short stylar beak and/or extra-sty- drupaceous) fruit. As currently construed 8 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2003 • 25 (1) Neoschmidia (Rutaceae) (HARTLEY 2001b), Halfordia is monospecific and and New Zealand members of Boronieae, but occurs in eastern Australia, New Guinea, New have not been observed elsewhere. Britain, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. ENGLER My observations on Philotheca, the two species (1931), in the standard major work on Rutaceae, herein placed in Neoschmidia, and other relevant placed Halfordia in subfamily Toddalioideae tribe Rutaceae differ from WILSON’s in the following Toddalieae, but it now appears that all Malesian- cases. 1) The petals of Philotheca pungens (Lindl.) Australasian plants he placed there are more cor- Paul G. Wilson appear to be about as thick as rectly included in Rutoideae, and that within that those of Neoschmidia. 2) The petals of Neoschmidia subfamily Halfordia is best placed in tribe are narrowly imbricate or valvate in bud, and Zanthoxyleae (see HARTLEY 2001b). those of Philotheca pungens are valvate in bud. It is worthwhile mentioning that Halfordia 3)The testa of Neoschmidia, viewed in transverse appears to have no other close relatives. The section, has an inner layer of dense, black scle- genus Skimmia Thunb., which ranges from the renchyma that I consider to be the sclerotesta, Himalayas eastward to Japan and south to and examination of the inner surface of the testa Vietnam and the Philippines (TAYLOR 1987), reveals a circular chalazal aperture, located at the closely resembles it superficially, but differs base of the seed. 4) Seeds of the New Caledonian significantly in having haplostemonous (vs. Zieria chevalieri Virot, which clearly belongs in diplostemonous) flowers, tetracolporate (vs. tri- Boronieae, possess both a sclerotesta and a circular colporate) pollen (HARTLEY 2001a), and a mem- chalazal aperture, and in a study of the compara- branaceous testa which lacks sclerotesta (vs. testa tive morphology of 32 genera of Australasian- thin and brittle, with sclerotesta). Malesian Rutaceae which I consider to belong Although Neoschmidia appears to be most neither to Boronieae nor subfamily Aurantioideae closely related to Halfordia, it is most similar to (HARTLEY 2001b), sclerotesta was recorded for Philotheca Rudge (Rutoideae
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