Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report of Province No. Five
Province Planning Commission, Government of Province, Province No. Five 2 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Province Planning Commission, Government of Province, Province No. Five
This report was prepared and published in 2019 by the Province Planning Commission, Government of Province, Province No. Five, with the support from United Nations Development Programme.
Photo Credit: UNDP Nepal, Laxmi Prasad Ngakhusi, CP Khanal Preface
The government of Province No. 5 has been forward for achieving the goals so that formulating first five-year plan (2019/20 - no one will be left behind. This report has 2023/24) of the province with a vision of helped us to set the targets to be achieved 'prosperous province, happy people'. The in our five-year plan. Local governments, goals and priorities of the plan match with civil society organizations, private sector of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) this province and interested development agreed by the global community for the partners will also benefit from this report period of 2016-2030. As the Government to identify the areas where they need to of Nepal has shown its commitment on the focus to help the provincial government in realization of SDGs at the international level, achieving the SDGs. this province intends to localize the SDGs to the provincial context to contribute in The Province Planning Commission would the fulfillment of the national commitment. like to thank the UNDP for helping us to This SDG baseline report is produced under prepare this milestone report and also to technical and financial support from UNDP the team of experts Dr. Govind Nepal, in order to identify the status of the province Damodar Gnawali and Ashutosh Mani in various goals and use the information to Dixit for their contribution in producing the identify and design strategic interventions background materials for this. 1 would also needed to achieve SDGs. like to thank the Vice Chair and members of the Province Planning Commission, This report has been prepared based on concerned staff of the government and the available information and through a representatives of private sectors, civil consultative process with stakeholders. It has society organizations, development partners highlighted the data gap which needs to be and other stakeholders who contributed in filled in order to effectively monitor progress preparing this report. on the SDGs in the coming days and ways
...... Shankar Pokhrel Chief Minister and Chairman of the Province Planning Commission
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Table of Contents
Chapter One: Background 01
1.1 Introduction 01
1.2 Objectives 06
1.3 Approaches and methods 07
1.4 Organization of the report 07
Chapter Two: SDG Goals and Targets 09
Chapter Three: Baseline status of SDGs indicators in Province No. Five 25
3.1 Data gap and availability in provincial SDG indicators 37
Chapter Four: Integration of SDGs in Provincial Planning 39
Chapter Five: Monitoring and Evaluation 45
Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 1
Chapter One Background 1.1 Introduction
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable discrimination within and across societies, Development that established the iii. Humans have a moral obligation to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was preserve planet Earth. born out of the need to pursue a socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable These economic, social, and environmental economic growth in an integrated manner. goals are interrelated and therefore call for integrated solutions. They all require good The normative basis of sustainable governance to be practised and the science development is the pursuit of a virtuous of complex systems to be understood.1 global society supported by three core beliefs: The SDGs were first formally discussed at the i. There should not be poverty in the midst United Nations Conference on Sustainable of plenty, Development held in Rio de Janeiro in June ii. The global community of nations must 2012 (Rio+20), and then at the United foster social cohesion and mobility, Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in reduce inequalities, and end all forms of September 2014.
1. As Sachs (2015) notes, complex systems represented by a global economy, social connectedness, and Earthly climate and ecosystems exhibit non-linear responses to shocks, i.e., a modest change in the components of the system can cause a large change in the performance of the system as a whole. 2 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
The UN Open Working proposed set of a more holistic approach to development. 17 SDGs with 169 targets Group (OWG) The ambition, however, is so high that many for SDGs agreed on a covering a broad governments see several goals and targets range of sustainable development issues as aspirational. for the period 2016-2030. The SDGs The Constitution of Nepal issued in 2015 commenced on January 2016 and emerged has ushered in an era of swifter and more as the common and globally agreed upon balanced socio-economic transformation, development framework for the planet, with a federal system of governance as people, their prosperity, and peace. As of its bedrock. The constitution envisions now, 230 indicators have been finalized to creating a socialist-oriented economy measure and track the progress of the SDGs to fulfil people’s aspirations for justice, worldwide. peace, good governance and sustainable development. The main political reason of Before adopting the SDGs, the world agreed federalism is to bring government closer to to implement the Millennium Development the people, enhance the pace and quality Goals (MDGs) from 2001 to 2015. They of development and ensure more effective were largely successful because they were delivery of public goods and services by time-bound, quantified and simple to providing space for peoples’ participation monitor. However, on several issues, they did and ownership in development. It is also not go into the root causes of development. expected that the key services are accessible The SDGs are not just an enlargement of to all citizens and delivered in a transparent the Millennium Development Goals in terms and accountable fashion by all levels of of the number of goals and targets, but government. The constitutional framework guides they also seek to address complex issues federal, provincial and local governments to like inequality and human rights. They take exercise cooperative federalism.
To set targets for the plan period and beyond, there is a need to know the baseline status of SDGs at the provincial level. The National Planning Commission, the highest policy making body in Nepal, has prepared two important reports related to SDGs: the SDGs Status and Roadmap, 2016- 2030, and Nepal’s SDG Needs, Costing and Financing Strategy. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 3
The Constitution of Nepal is consistent This is, therefore, a high time for formally with the principles of the SDGs. Several mainstreaming the SDGs in the planning SDGs are enshrined in the constitution as process. To set targets for the plan period fundamental rights of citizens. For instance, and beyond, there is a need to know the basic and secondary education, basic baseline status of SDGs at the provincial health, clean water and sanitation, food, level. The National Planning Commission, clean energy and housing are stated as the highest policy making body in Nepal, fundamental constitutional rights; they has prepared two important reports related also form the core of the SDGs. Several to SDGs: the SDGs Status and Roadmap, of these constitutional rights fall under the 2016-2030, and Nepal’s SDG Needs, jurisdictions of the provincial and local Costing and Financing Strategy. Both reports governments. Some functions are concurrent are national initiatives. The national SDG responsibilities of federal, provincial, and Roadmap has acknowledged that much of local governments. True implementation of the responsibilities of SDGs implementation the SDGs requires SDG-based planning will shift towards provincial and local within the different levels of government. governments under the current federal set This necessitates localization of SDGs and up. First, vital public services, which form a a concerted and coordinated pursuit by all social core of the SDGs, are now assigned public and non-state stakeholders across all to the provincial and local governments, levels of government. and are constitutionally mandated to be funded in part by the fiscal transfers from the Currently, like the federal government, the federal government. Second, prioritization provincial government in Province No. Five and implementation sequencing of SDGs is also engaged in the formulation of its can now be better tailored to local contexts first periodic plan for the next five years. ensuring people’s participation. 4 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Third, “leaving no one behind” and cities, 32 municipalities and 73 rural ensuring equity in development outcomes municipalities of Nepal. According to the require targeted interventions aimed at national population and housing census pockets of deprivation, a task best handled (2011), the province has 2,140,316 (47.6 when information and peer-monitoring are percent) male population and 2,358,956 handled locally. These points suggest that (52.4 percent) female population. localization of SDGs is critical for Nepal The estimated average annual population to achieve its commitments. To localize the growth rate (exponential) of the province SDGs, the first step is to prepare an SDG between 2001 and 2011 is 1.37 percent, baseline report to understand where the compared to the national average of province stands in terms of the goals and 1.35 percent. The average household targets. In this regard, the Province Planning size of the province stands at 5.1 (Central Commission (PPC) of Province No. Five has Bureau of Statistics, 2011). The literacy prepared this SDG baseline Report under rate among people aged 5 years or above the support of UNDP through a three- is 66.4 percent (75.50 percent for male member expert team. and 58.33 percent for female) (Central Province No. Five is bordered by Gandaki Bureau of Statistics, 2011) and the Human and Karnali provinces to the north, Gandaki Development Index (HDI) of the province province to the east, Sudurpashchim stands at 0.461. The major languages Pradesh to the west and the Indian state spoken in Province No. Five include Nepali of Utter Pradesh to the south. It constitutes (51.6 percent), Tharu (12.3 percent) and 15.1 percent (22,288 square kilometres) Awadhi (10.2 percent). of Nepal’s total area and 17 percent (44,99,272) of the total population. It In regards to geography, Province No. Five comprises of 12 districts, 4 sub-metropolitan has tremendous development potentials.
Rukum East
Bardiya Rolpa
Banke Pyuthan Gulmi
Dang Arghakhanchi Palpa
Kapilvastu Nawalparasi Rupandehi West Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 5
It enjoys the locational advantage of having and remittance inflows; multiple border entry points into India, ii) Enhancing productivity of the agriculture which accounts for about one quarter of sector and increasing the contribution of trade with Nepal. The province has seven the manufacturing sector, and established hubs for trade and commerce iii) Enhancing access of all people to quality and one Special Economic Zone (SEZ). health, education, energy and water The province is also a center for domestic supply and sanitation services, and and international tourism spots, including iv) Maintaining population distribution in Lumbini, the holy birth place of Lord the hills and Terai by developing basic Gautam Buddha and Dang Valley, the infrastructure. largest in Asia.2 In addition, to address the issue of gender equality, Tharu, Dalits, poor and other The province has Kaligandaki and Karnali marginalized communities and localities a as border rivers and some major rivers (e.g., common agenda is essential to make sure Thulo Bheri, Babai, Rapti, Badigad, Tinau, that no one is left behind. Banganga) crossing the fertile land, thereby offering an unprecedented opportunity for irrigated agriculture. The province also benefits from the Bheri-Babai Diversion – a The baseline report and its analysis combined irrigation and hydroelectricity is expected to help localize the project. SDGs by: There are also challenges of: (i) Raising awareness about i) Creating income and employment sustainable development in opportunities in the hills and peri- the province; urban centres of the Terai, while taking (ii) Advocating provincial advantage of the demographic dividend perspective in national SDGs strategies; (iii) Customizing and aligning the national level goals in the provincial context, and (iv) Monitoring, evaluating and learning from the experiences. It also helps to engage local people in planning, designing, implementing and monitoring development activities.
2 Other important sites include religious places like Ruru Kshetra, Swargadwari, Resunga, Siddhababa, Thakurdwara, Bageshwwori Temple, Ambikeshwori Mandir, Kalika and Malika Mandir, Kalapani Mandir, Palpa Bhairavsthan, Supa Deurali, Dharapani Shiv Mandir and Kanke Deurali. Touristic sites such as historical Baise Chaubise kingdoms and forts including Tansen Durbar, Banke and Bardiya National Parks, a part of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Rani Mahal, Bichitra Gupha, Shiva cave and Jaljala are also in the province. 6 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
1.2 Objectives
The overall objective of this report is to present a baseline status of SDG indicators and the target for the sustainable development for Province No. Five. Specifically, the objective of this report is to: i. Propose SDGs indicators for the province based on National Sustainable Development Goals, Status and Roadmap: 2016- 2030, ii. Discuss the status of the SDGs in the province, iii. Provide insights for SDGs aligned planning and policies applicable to the provincial and local governments. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 7
1.3 Approaches and methods
The baseline report draws on secondary information and data from various sources. Recently published profile of the Province No. Five was an important source for the report along with the provincial SDGs baseline data available on the NPC’s website3. The available data from national censuses and surveys, and administrative data from government agencies, were further analysed and compiled as needed. The indicators were selected in two stages. In the first stage, most of the relevant indicators were selected by sorting out the list of global and national SDGs indicators. In the second stage, added indicators were identified to localize the SDGs in Province No. Five. The baseline status of the national indicators was taken from the SDGs Status and Roadmap 2016-2030. A consultative workshop was also organized to get inputs from various stakeholders to identify the appropriate indicators and necessary interventions.
1.4 Organization of the report
The first chapter of this report contains provincial planning. Finally, Chapter Five the background of the study. The second proposes possible tools for the monitoring chapter describes the seventeen sustainable and evaluation of SDGs targets so that development goals (SDGs)4. The third the goals can be accomplished within chapter presents the baseline status of the 2030. Apart from the main body of the SDGs indicators in Province No. Five and report, annexes present indicators and their highlights the data gap and challenges baselines corresponding to goals. Annex 18 in obtaining sufficient data for the SDGs presents the provincial jurisdiction towards indicators. Chapter Four discusses the SDGs as stipulated by the Constitution of possible ways to integrate SDGs in Nepal.
3 A technical collaboration between the NPC and the World Bank Nepal office 4 Excluding SDG 14
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Chapter Two SDG Goals and Targets
This chapter briefly summarizes the sustainable development goals and targets. The indicators are presented in annex 1-17.
Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere
SDG 1 proposes to eradicate extreme services (target 1.4). The goal also considers poverty for all people everywhere by 2030. reducing vulnerability by building the In doing so, it targets to substantially resilience of the poor and the vulnerable to reduce the proportion of men, women, economic, social and environmental shocks and children of all ages living below the emanating for example, from disasters and nationally defined poverty threshold (targets climate-related extreme events (target 1.5). 1.1 and 1.2). The process envisions the Since about one quarter of the population implementation of nationally appropriate is under absolute poverty and 29.9 percent social protection systems and measures people are in multidimensional poverty, targeting the poor and the vulnerable this goal is very important for this province, (target 1.3). It aims to ensure equal rights which ranks second in the number of to economic resources, natural resources, multidimensional poor. and technology as well as access to basic 10 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Goal 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
The goal aims atending hunger by 2030 resilient agricultural practices. Target 2.5 and ensuring that all people have access aims to maintain the genetic diversity to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all of seeds, cultivate plants, farmed and year round (target 2.1). The goal aims to domestic animals to abet sustained food end all forms of malnutrition (target 2.2). production system. Though the province Doing so entails doubling agricultural has food surplus, distribution and access productivity (target 2.3) and incomes of to food within the province is not equal. small-scale food producers and ensuring A large chunk of people is suffering from access and improvement of the food supply malnutrition which is one of the main causes chain. It also targets to ensure sustainable for high multidimensional poverty in this food production systems and implement province. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 11
Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Reducing the maternal mortality ratio to less prevention and treatment of substance than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030 abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and (target 3.1) is one of the targets of SDG 3 harmful use of alcohol (target 3.5). The regarding healthy lives and well-being. It goal also includes reducing the number aims to end preventable deaths of newborns of global deaths and injuries from road and children under five years of age (target traffic accidents by half by the end of 2020 3.2). The health and well-being is achieved (target 3.6). It also envisions universal by targeting the end of epidemics such as access to sexual and reproductive health- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, care services by 2030, including for family Tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical planning, information and education, and diseases and by combating hepatitis, water- the integration of reproductive health into borne diseases and other communicable national strategies and programs, among diseases (target 3.3). The goal also targets others (targets 3.7, 3.8, 3.9). The high reducing premature mortality from Non- child mortality rate is one of the reasons communicable Diseases (NCDs) through for high multidimensional poverty in this prevention and treatment and promotion of province. Providing access to health services mental health and wellbeing (target 3.4). with quality is necessary for this province to In doing so, it aims to strengthen the achieve this goal. 12 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Goal 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life- long learning opportunities for all
This goal seeks to ensure all girls and boys relevant technical and vocational skills complete free, quality primary and (target 4.5). The goal also aims to eliminate secondary education leading to relevant gender disparities in education and ensure and effective learning outcomes (target equal access to all levels of education 4.1). It seeks to provide access to quality and vocational training for the vulnerable early childhood development and pre- (targets 4.6; 4.7). It has cross-cutting primary education for girls and boys (target implications for Goal 5. Meeting this goal 4.2). Along with quality, Goal 4 prioritizes requires increasing access to education with affordability of quality education (target improvement in quality in a balanced way. 4.3), and coverage ensuring that a large Focus on technical and vocational education percentage of the youth and adults have is essential to meet this goal in this province. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 13
Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 5 aims to end all forms of discrimination and domestic work is captured in target 5.4. against women and girls everywhere (target The goals capture women’s full and effective 5.1) and to eliminate all forms of violence participation in public life in target 5.5. It against all women and girls in the public further aims to ensure equal opportunities and private spheres (target 5.2). It also aims for leadership at all levels of decision- to eliminate all harmful practices, such as making in political, economic and public early child marriage and female genital life. It also states universal access to sexual mutilation (target 5.3). The social and and reproductive health and reproductive economic aspect of valuing unpaid care rights (target 5.6). 14 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Goal 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
SDG 6 envisages achieving universal and chemicals and materials (target 6.3). equitable access to safe and affordable It also includes substantially increasing drinking water for all (target 6.1). The goal water-use efficiency across all sectors and aims to provide adequate and equitable implementing integrated water resources sanitation and hygiene for all and to management at all levels. But while doing end open defecation (target 6.2). The so, the goal also seeks to protect and target is also to improve water quality by restore water-related ecosystems, including reducing pollution, eliminating dumping mountains, forests, wet lands, rivers, aquifers and minimizing the release of hazardous and lakes (targets 6.4, 6.5 and 6.6). Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 15
Using waste food, agricultural waste and cow dung, the Envipower Energy and Fertilisers Pvt. Ltd. in Bhairahawa is commercially producing bottled Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and compost fertilizers. Photo: Abhirat Agrawal. Goal 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
SDG 7 aims at achieving universal access 7.3). Targets7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 seek to make to affordable, reliable and modern energy access to modern energy system universal services (target 7.1), substantially increasing and efficient. This goal requires reduced use the share of renewable energy in the energy of conventional types of energy which still mix (target 7.2) and doubling the rate of occupies a major share in this province. improvement in energy efficiency (target 16 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Goal 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
The Goal aims to sustain and achieve per employment and decent work for all women capita growth of Gross Domestic Product and men (target 8.3), improving resource (GDP) of at least seven percentper annum efficiency (target 8.4), eliminating the worst (Target 8.1), fostering higher levels of forms of child labour (target 8.7), and productivity through diversification, expanding financial services for all (target technological upgrading and innovation 8.10), among others, are also important (target 8.2). Achieving full and productive constituent targets of this broad goal. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 17
Goal 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
SDG 9 aims at developing quality, reliable, integration (target 9.3). Further, the targets sustainable and resilient infrastructure, seek to ensure that infrastructure built including regional and trans-border is resilient (target 9.4) and to enhance infrastructure, to support economic scientific research (target 9.5). Infrastructure development and human well-being (target deficiency has been preventing the full 9.1). In doing so it seeks to promote utilization of the available resources and inclusive and sustainable industrialization productive capacity in this province. This (target 9.2). It aims to increase the access of condition demands the fulfilment of this goal small-scale industrial and other enterprises in this province. to develop a value chain and seek market 18 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 10 envisages achieving and sustaining opportunity and reduce the inequalities of income growth of the bottom 40 percent outcome (target 10.3). Complementing of the population at a rate higher than the efforts by adopting policies, especially fiscal, national average (target 10.1). It seeks to wage and social protection policies, and do so by empowering and promoting the progressively achieving greater equality social, economic and political inclusion of (target 10.4). Other targets are not directly all (target 10.2). It aims to measure equal relevant to the provincial government. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 19
Goal 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
The goal seeks to provide all to access to to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) caused adequate, safe and affordable housing and by disasters (target 11.4). It further aims to basic services and to upgrade slums (target provide universal access to safe, inclusive 11.1). It ensures access to safe, affordable, and accessible green and public spaces, accessible and sustainable transport for women and children, older persons and systems for all and enhances inclusive persons with disabilities. Given the rapid and sustainable urbanization (targets urbanization and migration in this province, 11.2 and 11.3). It also aims to safeguard this goal also needs special attention in this world cultural and natural heritage, and province. significantly reduce economic losses relative 20 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
This goal proposes the implementation of a all wastes throughout their life cycle 10-year framework of programs on (target 12.4). Complimenting the sound sustainable consumption and production, management of the environment, it seeks there by achieving sustainable management to substantially decrease waste generation and efficient use of natural resources by through prevention, reduction, recycling and 2030 (targets12.1 and 12.2). It seeks to reuse (target 12.5). Also, it ensures relevant halve per capita food waste by 2030 at the information and awareness for sustainable retail and consumer levels (target 12.3). development and lifestyles in harmony with Furthermore, it ensures environmentally nature (target 12.6), among others. sound management of chemicals and Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 21
Goal 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
SDG 13 is about strengthening resilience have significant cross-references to Goal and adaptive capacity to climate-related 11 as cities are focal points of energy use hazards and natural disasters in all and carbon dioxide emissions. The goal is countries. It seeks to integrate climate directly related to the rapid urbanization change measures into national policies, of Province No. Five as there exist huge strategies and planning. Concomitantly, opportunities to build climate-resilient it targets improvement in education and infrastructure. Impact of climate change has awareness, strengthening of human and been observed in drying up water sources institutional capacity related to climate and erratic rainfall affecting agriculture change mitigation, adaptation, impact production in this province. reduction and early warning. The targets 22 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Goal 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
This goal bolsters conservation, restoration order to enhance their capacity to provide and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland benefits that are essential for sustainable fresh water ecosystem and their services. It development by 2030. This province has also targets promoting the implementation forest areas occupying more than half of of sustainable management of all types of its lands, being one of the vital natural forests, and to halt deforestation. It aims resources for economic development. at ensuring the conservation of mountain Sustainable use of it is necessary for the ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in balanced development of this province. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 23
Goal 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions
This goal is mainly accompanied by targets is also targeted. Effective, accountable such as significantly reducing all forms of and inclusive institutions are crucial for violence and related death rates everywhere, the attainment of all other sustainable ending abuse, exploitation, trafficking and development goals. For Goal 16, targets all forms of violence against and torture that are particularly relevant for provincial of children. It seeks to promote the rule of and local governments are selected - Target law at the national and international levels 16.1 on violence, Target 16.6 on effective, and ensure equal access to justice for all. accountable and transparent institutions The goal aims to reduce illicit financial at all levels, Target 16.7 on responsive, and arms flow and strengthen the recovery inclusive, participatory and representative and return of stolen assets and combat decision-making at all levels, and Target all forms of organized crime. Reducing 16.9 on birth registrations. Targets 16.6 corruption and bribery in all their forms, and 16.7 are particularly important as they and developing effective, accountable complement Goal 11. and transparent institutions at all levels 24 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Goal 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
SDG 17 seeks to strengthen domestic resource the federal context can be linked to the mobilization. It targets full implementation of fiscal capacity of the provincial and local official development assistance commitments governments. Achievement of SDGs goals by developed countries, mobilization requires the partnership of all types of of additional financial resources for stakeholders. This province needs not only developing countries from multiple sources, help of the federal government through enhancement of policy coherence for which development partners can also join, sustainable development, and strengthened but also local governments, non-government data, monitoring and statistical capacity, organizations, cooperatives, private sector among others. Direct relevance is Target and civil society including political parties 17.1, which focuses on strengthening and social organizations. domestic resource mobilization which in Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 25
Chapter Three Baseline status of SDGs indicators in Province No. Five
This chapter discusses the SDGs baseline status of the province against the indicators that have been identified for the Province No. Five. A comprehensive list of indicators is provided in Annex 1-17 with goals, targets, description and value. The following section is broadly classified and sequenced into three sectors; Social, Economic, and Biosphere (Environment). The overall logic is that the economy serves society by evolving within an environmentally sustainable operating space.
A. Society
The poverty profile of Province No. Five guarantee a dignified life. The MPI, which mirrors the national one. National poverty stands at 0.133 in the province means that levels are generally measured as the multidimensionally poor people in Province percentage of the population that has No. Five experience 13.3 percent of total income below a benchmark thought to deprivation that would be experienced if represent the minimum resource needed for all people were deprived in all indicators. an individual to survive. In Province No. Five MPI is a product of H (headcount) and the headcount rate at the national poverty A (intensity), where headcount index (H) line is at 24.5 percent; the share of children stands at 29.9, and the intensity of poverty below the poverty line is reported to be 29.2 (A) is 44.3. It reveals that nearly 30 percent percent. The poverty rate measured at USD of the population is multidimensionally 1.9 per day is calculated at 14.1 percent, poor, and those who are identified as implying that approximately 1.2 million people multidimensionally poor are deprived in live under USD 1.9 per day in the province. 44.3 percent of the indicators related to education, health and living standards. It is important to juxtapose measures of monetary poverty with multidimensional Furthermore, as Province No. Five is the poverty. The MPI index reflects the acute fourth largest province in Nepal with 16.5 deprivations that people face simultaneously percent of the population, it implies that 1.5 in dimensions such as education, health and million MPI poor live in the province, the living standards which are also essential to second highest figure nationally. 26 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Figure 1: Poverty in Province No. Five
14.17 0.1330
Value Value a) Poverty at $1.9 per day (PPP Value) b) MPI Headcount ration 7.49 29.03 (% of population) 0.0510 0.2300
24.52 29.21
Value c) Headcount rate at National Poverty Line Value d) Children below National Poverty Line 16.74 45.61 (% of population) 21.48 59.38 (under 5 years of age %)
Source5 : a, c, d (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2011); b (Central Bureau of Statistics , 2014) Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, the national per capita food6 production hence demands a range of instruments, stands at 192 kg (Department of Agriculture, including social protection (target 1.3); 2017)7. However, the average annual rights, access to resources and control income of small-scale food producers is (target 1.4) and resilience building. It can on the lower side standing at Rs. 31,814; thus be argued that poverty is in many about 44.9 percent of the population spend ways indivisible from other goals such as two-thirds of their consumption on food. Goal 2. Reduction in poverty is reinforced It is important to track the share of total by agriculture productivity and small farm spending on food because it is understood income. The agriculture productivity has that the share of food expenditure on been on the higher side in the province income falls as people climb up the given the availability of arable land, monetary ladder. The indicator related to and agriculture being a pre-dominant spending on food also provides meaningful occupation. The per capita food production feedback to the provincial aspiration to uplift in Province No. Five is 220 kg, whereas the people from poverty, and increase the
5 The World Bank staff calculations from the survey data sets (except for MPI which is reported in the NPC/Oxford MPI report) 6 Food includes rice, wheat, millet, barley, buckwheat. 7. Agriculture statistics 2017 doesn’t report the provincial data, the district level data available from agriculture statistics were plugged in to derive province level statistics. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 27
affordability of food items. Furthermore, the cognitive development. affordability is reinforced by the increase in The prevalence of malnutrition among productivity and availability of food. children under 5 years of age stands at The affordability and availability of food 7.6 percent in the province. The reduction together reinforce the health and well being in malnutrition is reinforced if the women of the people. In Province No. Five, about attend post-natal care (PNC) as per protocol 36.4 percent of women of reproductive age (Figure 2). In Province No. Five, malnutrition suffer from anaemia. Anaemia is understood is two percent points lower than the national to be the equivalent of “hidden hunger,” the level. There are other factors, too, such as presence of which results in poor pregnancy education, sanitation and hygiene which outcomes, and impairs physical and help reduce malnourishment.
Figure 2: Malnutrition and PNC
30 25 25 20 19 15 10 5 9.7 7.6 0 Percent of women attending three PNC as Percent per protocol (SDG 3.8.1.c) of malnutrition - wasting Prevalence (among children under 5 years of age) (SDG 2.2.2)
National Province No. 5
Source : Ministry of Health, 2016 There is a relatively strong scientific under-five mortality rate is 45 per 1000 live agreement on the multiple interactions births; 58 percent of women having four between health and other socio-economic Antenatal Care visits Per Protocol (ANCP) targets in the 2030 Agenda. Health (Figure 3). The province also has the highest outcomes are strongly influenced by percent of institutional delivery, where 89 accessibility, affordability and education. It percent of infants receive three doses of is reported that in the province, almost 52 (Diphtheria Pertussis and Tetanus - Hepatitis percent of the households live within 30 B- Haemophilus influenza type b) vaccines. minutes travel time to a health facility, and The reinforcing interventions to reduce 8.2 percent of the population spends a large neonatal mortality comes from dealing with portion of household income on health. access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene, In the province, the neonatal mortality rate along with access to basic health services, stands at 30 per 1,000 live births, and food and education. 28 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Figure 3: Neonatal mortality rate and ANC
70 60 53 58 50 40 30 30 24 20 10 0 Neonatal mortality rate (SDG 3.2) of women having four antenatal Percent care visits as per protocol (SDG 3.8)
National Province No. 5
Source : Ministry of Health, 2016
In the province, about 25.6 percent of men, for non-communicable cardio-vascular and 30 percent of women aged 15 years disease, which is in turn associated with and above with high blood pressure are unhealthy diets, particularly high sodium taking medication. It is a leading risk factor chloride diets, and physical inactivity.
Figure 4: Literacy rate
100 94.4 93.8 89 87 87.2 84.5 80 69 73 60
40
20
0 Literacy rate men 15-49 (%) (SDG 4.6.1.6) Literacy rate women 15-49 (%) (SDG 4.6.1.5) Literacy rate men 15-24 (%) (SDG 4.6.1.3) Literacy rate men 15-24 (%) (SDG 4.6.1.2)
National Province No. 5
Source: The World Bank estimates from NDHS 2016 survey data Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 29
Education has an instrumental role in moral blot of Nepali society; however, it enabling the achievement of several SDGs, also leads to economic inefficiencies. From especially on poverty, health, gender the supply of labour force to empowerment, equality, and economic growth. Conversely, gender equality is essential for enhancing progress in other areas may affect education productivity and expanding economic in many ways. The literacy rate of men and growth. Discrimination of women in the women in the age group 15-49 years in economy stifles economic activity and Province No. Five stands at 86.9 and 72.6 decent work opportunities.The status of percent, respectively. However, a relatively women participation in the labour force younger age cohort, 15-24, has a high from NLSS survey 2010/11 shows that literacy rate standing at 93.8 and 87.1 for every 100 men in the labour force in percent for males and females, respectively Province No. Five there are 69 women. (Figure 4). This ratio is 65.8 percent at the national level. And, women spend about 19 percent There are 5764 schools in the province of the time on unpaid domestic and care (Ministry of Finance , 2017/18). The net work. Regarding ownership of assets, about enrolment rate at primary school stands 11 percent reported that women have at 97.7 percent, with gender parity close ownership of property (land and house). The to 1.01 in primary school. A high NER effective women participation in the labour denotes a higher degree of coverage of the force reinforces productivity in the economy. official school-age population. The Gross Similarly, access to sexual and reproductive Enrolment Rate (GER) at the primary level rights is indivisible from reducing maternal is 133.3, and at the basic level is 118 mortality, which also reinforces the ending (Department of Education , 2017). GER of communicable disease. In Province represents the number of pupils enrolled No. Five, it is reported that 20.3 percent in the primary education regardless of of women aged 15-49 make their own age, divided by the number of pupils in informed decisions regarding the use of official primary school age. The analyses of contraceptives (Ministry of Health, 2016). the GER at both primary and basic levels shows that a larger proportion of over-aged children are enrolled at the primary and basic level.
The Gender Parity Index (GPI) in primary school and basic level stands at 1.04 and 1.02, respectively. The GPI is designed to measure the relative access to education of males and females. GPI at unity (score of 1) indicates parity between females and males. The Gender Parity Index exceeds unity at the primary and basic in Province No. Five, implying that the disparity favours girls. Persistent gender inequality is a chronic 30 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
B. Economy and Biosphere
This sector comprises of SDGs related population, such as the share of total to clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), income spent on food expenditure. Better decent work and economic growth (SDG known measures of inequality include the 8), industry, innovation, and infrastructure Gini coefficient, and recently, the Palma (SDG 9), reduced inequalities (SDG 10), index, which stand at 0.324 and 1.28, responsible consumption and production respectively (Central Bureau of Statistics, (SDG 12), climate action (SDG 13), and life 2011)8. The Gini coefficient is a ratio with on land (SDG 15). values between 0 (no inequality) and 1 (perfect inequality). The Gini coefficient Province No. Five contributes about 15 for Province No. Five is close to the percent to the national Gross Domestic national profile, and the second highest Product (GDP). The average per capita in the country. The Gini shows that the income stands at USD 868. The share of the province has high inequality; it faces a bottom 40 percent of the population in total greater degree of income inequality than consumption stands at approximately 21 consumption inequality, where the share of percent, whereas the share of the bottom 20 the bottom 40 percent is higher in national percent has 8 percent. The disproportionate consumption than national income. The change in the share of total consumption Palma index measured by the ratio of the and the share of the population also reveals richest 10percent's share of Gross National that lower deciles of the population have a Income (GNI) to the poorest 40 percent's more equal distribution of income. stands at 1.28. The Palma index close to The inequality that is of interest has to do one is preferred where the share of the with the way in which desirable means to middle is understood to have increased over improved well-being, such as consumption time. and income, are distributed across a given
8 0.20= Low inequality; 0.25 = Inequality; High inequality = 0.35; Extreme inequality = 0.50 and above Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 31
Figure 5: Measures of inequality
32.485 1.2821
Value Value a) Measured by Gini-coefficient b) Palma Index 27.006 35.330 0.9280 1.4542
4.574 20.275
Value Value c) Share of bottom 40% of Population in d) Share of bottom 40% of Population in 1.728 10.847 total income 16.250 21.384 total consumption
Source: NLSS (2011)- The World Bank estimates (Darker the shades, greater the inequality)
Inequality matters in the fight against poverty employment and entrepreneurship seems to because with lower inequality, growth will have suffered as the youth underemployment reduce poverty much faster, and more of the rate9 and the proportion of “youth not gains from growth benefits the poor. in education” is above the national level Forty-one percent of the population in the (Figure 6). Also, the share of people living province is economically active population, below USD 1.9 per day in total employment where two-thirds of the population aged 10 is 18.3 percent. One of the consequences of years and above is involved in agriculture. the lack of employment is apparent from the It also has a sizeable share of a fairly young state reported figures which show 57,000 population (below 19 years of age), where people sought foreign employment permits males are out numbered by females. The in the fiscal year 2073-74 in Province No. deployment of young human resources into Five only.
9 For both age groups, 15-59, and 15-24. 32 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Figure 6: Unemployment and underemployment
34 33 32.7
32 31 30 29.9 31.9 29 28 27.7 27 26 25 Underemployment rate (15-59)(%) (SDG 8.5.2.1) rate (%) (SDG 8.6.1.1.) Youth (15-24) underemployment Youth
National Province No. 5
Source10 : Central Bureau of Statistics, 2011
Figure 7: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment
11 10.5 10.5 10 9.5
9 8.9 8.5 8 National Province No. 5
Source11: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2011
10 The NPC/World Bank calculations from survey datasets 11 The NPC/World Bank calculations from survey datasets Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 33
Labour productivity is Rs. 91,918 which is energy for cooking is 65 percent. The 77.8 percent of national productivity, and population relying on Liquefied Petroleum a mere 28.7 percent compared to the Gas (LPG) for cooking is almost 30 percent. productivity of the Kathmandu valley. This However, if we look at the production, the might be due to the lower number of the installed capacity of electricity is low in the economically active population compared to province. Province No. Five contributes only Kathmandu, and the nation as a whole. 2.1 percent (21.6 Megawatt) of the total In Province No. Five, 88 percent of the installed capacity (990 Megawatt) of Nepal population has access to electricity. (Ministry of Finance , 2017/18). As the Furthermore, the proportion of the province constitutes only about 17 percent population with primary reliance on clean of the total population, the demand gap of fuel technology is 35 percent, and those electricity is fulfilled by the national grid. using solid fuel as a primary source of
Figure 8: Reliance on clean fuel, solid fuel and population with access to electricity
91.5 91 90.9 90.5 90 89.5 89 88.6 88.5 88 87.5 87 National Province No. 5
Source: NDHS, 2016 34 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
The total number of roads in this province, the share of households having thatched, including national, is approximately 11,000 or straw roof is 12.1percent (Figure 9), and km, and the road density is 42.34 km/100 96.8 percent of the population have safely sqm. However, most of the roads are gravel managed drinking water12. It is generally roads, and the proportion of the population understood that households with access living within 2 km of an all season-road is to piped water supply might have a higher 88.7 percent. proportion of household using improved About 32 percent of households have access sanitation facilities13. to piped water. Out of the same population,
Figure 9: Household using sanitation; a household with a thatchedroof; and household with access to piped water
100 90 80 73.5 70 64.6 60 50 40 33.3 32.9 30 20 10 9.5 12.1 0 Household using improved sanitation facilities which are not shared (%) (SDG 6.2.1.1) Household units roofed with thatched/straw roof (%) (SDG 6.1.1.2) (%) (SDG with access to piped water supply Household
National Province No. 5 11.1.2)
Source: NDHS, 2016
12 “Measured as the percentage of population using an improved water source: the percentage of de jure population whose main source of drinking water is a household connection (piped), public tap or standpipe, tube well or borehole, protected dug well, protected spring, or rainwater collection. Households using bottled water for drinking are classified as using an improved or unimproved source according to their water source for cooking and handwashing.” 13 “the percentage of de jure population whose household has a flush or pour flush toilet to a piped water system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit latrine; pit latrine with a slab; or composting toilet and does not share this facility with other households.” Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 35
Figure 10: Mobile phone and internet
80 72.6 70 69.5 60 50 40 30 23.3 19.4 20 10 0 Proportion of women age 15-49 who own Proportion mobile phone (SDG 5.b.1.1) of women age 15-49 using inter Proportion net (SDG 17.8.1.1)
National Province No. 5
Source: NDHS, 2016 In Province No. Five the proportion of women affordable services. This has, in turn, created aged 15-49 who own a mobile phone stands a platform of opportunity for people to use at 69 percent; almost 20 percent of the their devices to access the internet, which in women use the internet (Figure 10). In the turn has presented an immense opportunity to province, mobile penetration continues to provide people with access to a range of life- grow as operators develop solutions to extend enhancing services.
Figure 11: Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union
45 40.5 39.3 40 35 30 25 15 10 7.2 7.4 5 0 Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who Proportion were married or in a union before age 15 (SDG 5.3.1.2) of women aged 20-24 years who Proportion were married or in a union before age 18 (SDG 5.3.1.2)
National Province No. 5
Source: NDHS, 2016 36 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
The proportion of children who get married provides a means of added asset value and is lower than what prevails nationally: 39.5 employment generating activities. Also, the percent (before 18 years) and 4.7 percent availability of credit and the opportunity to (before 15 years). Ownership of fixed as start a business is highly determined by the sets has a greater implication in women’s ownership of fixed assets. status in households and society. This also determines the economic independence and
Figure 12: Women's ownership of property (land)
22.3 22.2 22.2 22.1 22 21.9 21.8 21.7 21.6 21.6 21.5 21.4 21.3 National Province No. 5
Source: NDHS, 2016 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 37
3.1 Data gap and availability in provincial SDG indicators
A rapid assessment of the available data government to conduct their independent for this baseline report estimates almost 30 surveys, data generation and monitoring percent data is not available for province mechanisms can be structured accordingly. level SDGs reporting. Except SDG 10, 2 A quick recommendation of possible and 1, no other goals have more than surveys and data sources for all the goals 60 percent data, and some goals such as are provided in the annex “Proposed data SDG 12 and 13 suffers from complete data source”. It is estimated that more than 50 deprivation. percent of the required SDGs indicators will As the constitution allows the provincial have to be filled in from future surveys.
Figure 13: Availability of data for SDGs indicator
SDGs 100% Data 17% Available 90% 19% 23% Yes 80% 33% No 41% 42% 40% 48% 50% 70% 60% 63% 63% 68% 60% 92% 50% 100% 100%
40% 81% 83% 77% 67% 30% 59% 58% 60% Percent of indicaters Percent 52% 50% 20% 37% 31% 40% 38% 10% 0% 8% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17
Source: NPC-WB rapid assessment,14 2018) (The sum across the individual goals- left to right is 100 percent)
A comprehensive snapshot of available Census (2010). There is a gap of at least data is given in Figure 13. The total number four years between large-scale surveys that of indicators by provinces estimated/ provide data for provincial analysis. Also, compiled by the NPC-WB calculations are household and other surveys are conducted approximately 119. As mentioned, the data infrequently and without coherence to the for 23 indicators are available for SDG 3; calendar. The blank years in the calendar of however, there is no data available for SDG surveys implythat there is a vacuum in the 13. Most of the data are estimated from data generation timeline. NLSS (2011), NDHS, 2016 and Population
14 NLSS, Population Census, NDHS, Agriculture statistics, DoHS annual report, Ministry of Home Affairs 38 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Chapter Four Integration of SDGs in Provincial Planning
Province No. Five will have to implement lower-income groups. The industrial activity the SDGs by upholding the integrated directed towards production must have approach to solving issues related to the stronger ties to the incomes of the poor. three dimensions of economy, society and the environment. In doing so, importance The state of urban infrastructure is placed on fostering interactions and development in Province No. Five is poor. synergies among the SDGs. Measures The country is rapidly urbanizing: annual should be carried out in an integrated growth in urban population is 3.4 percent, and organic manner, bearing in mind the there times the national average.In the significance of linking different priority province at present, 30 percent of the areas. Therefore, the 2030 Agenda can local governments are municipalities, and be reflected in provincial plans in terms more than 12 percent of households live of people, prosperity, planet, peace and within straw roofs and only less than 32 partnership, providing an integrated solution percent of households have piped water to multiple objectives, and seeking the connection. In addition to the construction participation of all stakeholders. of basic infrastructure and urban facilities, the reconstruction of cultural heritage, and Poverty, hunger, illness, ignorance and archaeological sites is important to build gender inequality are interrelated challenges social assets, and foster tourism. for overall human development. Reducing poverty and hunger, promoting universal About 72 percent of the population lives health services and education and ensuring in the Terai belt of Province No. Five. The gender equality have a positive impact on province is prone to disasters such as floods, breaking such nexus. Eradicating absolute landslides and earthquakes. The Chhure poverty over the next 12 years and halving which links the hills and the Terai areas the 2015 levels of poverty measured at the of Province No. Five has been affected by national poverty linecalls for onepercent deforestation in the previous period and point reduction in existing poverty rate every improper extraction of natural resources year.However, multidimensional poverty is like stones and sands have heightened the much higher than poverty measured using risks of landslides. Similarly, the expansion the national poverty line. Reduction in of roads in the hilly areas without proper poverty should be an outcome of positive study has added more risks of landslides interaction between dynamic systems such and raised the water surface of rivers in the as empowerment, education, good health, plains. Yet, a large number of the people in longevity, and the economyThere is a the Terai and inner Terai are compelled to need for restructuring the production and drink arsenic-contaminated water in their income generation process in favour of the everyday life. The use of plastic bags and Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 39
excessive use of pesticides, insecticides and jurisdiction enshrined in the constitution asks chemical fertilizers have also created risks in for complementary efforts between all three public health and environmental problems. levels of Government.
The partnership between and among The SDGs encompass the principle of different stakeholders is key to the success universality, shared responsibility, and of SDGs. The partnership between federal the spirit of no one left behind. It calls and provincial governments not only for a diverse set of activities, outputs involves the sharing of financial resources and commitments. The ownership of but also shouldering the programmatic and implementation must come not only from policy interventions. The process has to be the public but also from private sources and streamlined between federal and province, communities. priority projects and interventions in federal and provinces have to complement The government of Province No. Five has each other for the full achievement of to identify and prioritize its development SDG related outputs. There should be an agenda, devise and implement provincial institutional mechanism between the federal plans and programs to follow the essence and provincial government to discuss the of the SDGs. It ought to internalize national SDG related plan and resource needs programs in its planning and budgeting before the allocation of financial resources process. The government has to shoulder by the Natural resources and Fiscal the ambitions envisioned in various Commission. Moreover, the partnership national/sectoral plans while devising state- between the provincial government and led intervention, thus assimilating provincial local governments is indispensable, the priority into national commitments.
The ownership of implementation must come not only from the public but also from private sources and communities. 40 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
The table below summarizes critical interventions15 suggested as a way forward. Table One: Goal wise Critical Interventions Goal Intervention areas 1 • Direct support program, and income-generation activities to address the poverty of the hard-to- reach populations (insurance, risk transfer, social security, etc.); • Interest subsidies in credit to small and medium enterprises that generate jobs and employment; • Area-based targeted infrastructure and social mobilization; • Prevention and adaption plans for disaster risk reduction, which otherwise could trigger poverty 2 • Improved food and nutrition security of the most disadvantaged groups and implementation of the right to food; • Strengthened agriculture education system; • Expanded and improved irrigation;promotion of lift irrigation wherever feasible • Improved fertilizer supply distribution system; • Expanded rural roads network for agriculture; • Promotion of small and medium agro-enterprises; • Decentralized and extended system responsiveness to the needs of farmers and agro-enterprises; • Promotion of nutritious high-value crops through smart agriculture village program; • Improved seeds, crop diversification and introduction of soil health card; • Disease prevention systems; development of resilient crop, breed and varieties; • Establishment of a land bank; • Promotion of collective, cooperative and commercial farming; • Agriculture insurance program; • Determination of basic price of major crops; • Strengthened market centre for selling farmers' crops; • Establishment of a warehouse for cereals and cold-storages for vegetables and fruits; • Programs related to change foodhabits 3 • Health system strengthening to improve health care services; • Access to ambulance service to all; • Expansion of quality promotional, preventive and curative service; • Strengthening HMIS 4 • Pre-primary and basic education to all; Professional development of teachers and improved management of schools; • Disaster risk reduction and school safety program; • Promotion of youth in sports; and technical higher education; • Provision of school meals and conditional grants to encourage school attendance; • Establishment of technical and vocational schools to promote youth employment; • Scholarship programs for poor and marginalized pupils; • Quality control in education
15 Some of the appropriate interventions are taken from the NPC’s SDGs Costing and Financing report. This will help achieve complementarity between the initiatives of national and provincial governments. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 41
5 • Promotion of girls’ education and gender parity in educational enrolment and achievement; • Greater awareness ofsexual and reproductive health issues; • Encouragement of political participation of women; • Implementation of women’s empowerment initiative like President Women Upliftment Program; • Income generation and skills development program; • End of violence against women; • End of all forms of conservative practices and norms 6 • Universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene for all; • Water recharge, and protection of sources; • Wastewater treatment and recycling; • Water efficiency to avoid water scarcity; • Improvement in water resource management and protection of ecosystems, • One household one latrine campaign; • Solid waste management 7 • Generation of power through large hydro projects, and off-grid and grid-connected solar systems; • Added transmission and distribution systems; • Improved energy efficiency; • Investment on solar plans for electricity production; • Promotion of renewable energy including biomass and wind energy 8 • Creation of jobs in labour-intensive sectors such as agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and tourism; • Promotion of small and medium enterprises, enhanced access to small business to financial services; • Skill development; • Employment information system; • Elimination of child labour; • Protection from workplace injuries; • Workspace safety. 9 • Construction of new strategic roads; • Expansion of motorable road to all palika centres; • Upgrading of existing strategic roads, construction of bridges; • Construction and upgrading of international and domestic airports; • Railway lines; • Development of the manufacturing sector; • Operation of state-led public transport systems; • Industrial innovation and ICT infrastructure; • Constructing motorable roads connecting all local government headquarters; • Operational safety of road, road design standards and codes considering safety, security and life in disaster and climate change context 42 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
10 • Fair and non-discriminatory pay to workers; • Investment in equal opportunities for employment; • Progressive taxation system. 11 • Urban road, drainage, and sewerage construction; • Piped water supply and sewage connection; • Landfill sites, bus parks, and other urban infrastructure; • Housing for the poor; • Reconstruction of cultural heritage and archaeological sites; • Provisions for disaster preparedness; • Urban resilience and preparedness – risk reduction plan, human resource, tool equipment (fire, medical, search and rescue, open space, shelter, warehouse, institutional structure); • Establishment of model smart cities; • Establishment of open space, playgrounds and public garden 12 • Efficiency in the use of raw material; • Management of chemicals and wastes; • Energy efficiency; • Lifestyle in harmony with nature 13 • Building resilience and adaptive capacity; • Reducing emission through mitigation; • Strengthening climate data; • Climate proofing technology for infrastructure projects; • Agriculture based adaptation; • Strengthen M&E and statistical capacity 15 • Conservation of forest, lakes, wetlands, wildlife, biodiversity, and land; • Replacement plantation; • Integration of ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning and development processes; • Conservation of watershed 16 • Access to justice; • Capacity building for anti-corruption; • Service delivery improvement; • Capacity development for planning, budgeting and implementation; • Electoral awareness; • Conduct Integrity and Service Delivery Effectiveness Survey; • Data system development for monitoring SDGs; • Strengthened M&E system. 17 • Strengthened domestic resource mobilization; • Improved internal capacity for tax and other revenue collection; • Mobilization of foreign direct investment; • Engagement of Purchasing Power Parity (PPPs), and participation in policy formulation; • Implementation, and monitoring of SDGs Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 43
Chapter Five Monitoring and Evaluation
The government of Province No. Five has to collecting data across different provinces. develop a robust monitoring and evaluation Here, CBS has to play an important role in (M&E) system backed by an efficient the spirit of ‘cooperative federalism’. provincial statistical system institutionalizing Technically guided by the National Statistical proper coordination mechanism between Office, the PSO can serve the provincial federal agencies, provincial organizations government as the lead statistical entity. and local governments. This is to ensure The present NSS mostly produces official regular supply of accurate, relevant and statistics, which cannot be granularized timely statistics for SDGs monitoring and into district level indicators. Except for state governance. Presently, the provincial population, agriculture and economic government has been obtaining and census, other large-scale household surveys using existing data from different sources, like NLSS, NLFS, NMICS, NDHS, and HBS namely, publications from the federal do not provide robust estimates up to the governments (e.g. CBS), and administrative district level. data from district offices and from the local Furthermore, the government must government. However, these sources do not establish M&E/MIS unit at provincial fulfill the data required for the provincial organizations. The deployment of skilled government. and experienced resources for the required It is important to formulate and enforce technical and administrative service a consolidated law on official statistics platform is imperative. The administrative with the provision of the establishment of data gathered during service delivery and a competent and functional Provisional program implementation can be used for Statistical Organization (PSO) directly evidence-based monitoring and assessing under the Chief Minister or PPC. It should the effectiveness of service delivery. be supported by adequate statistical Similarly, it is equally imperative to establish infrastructure with clear-cut mandates in Provincial Data Centre (PDC) at PSO, and the collection, compilation, analysis, and M & Eintegrated with organizations at the dissemination of official statistics in a well- subnational level. The proposed PDC will coordinated and standardized manner. also serve as a data hub in the province. Since the local and provincial governments Considering the granularity of required will be collecting new data for the first data, it is recommended to have a satellite time, this opportunity can be used to or a modular database design.16 While integrate different data sets. In addition, the linking the sectoral database modules, their digitization of data from the beginning can preliminary aggregation can be made within also be practiced. Standardizing accounting the module, and transfer the summarized methods is also important. It would not data to the hub at the province level. make sense to use a different method of
16 Following section and figure showing database design is taken from the draft report titled “Establishing local level data systems in the Federal Structure in Nepal” developed by NPC. 44 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
The following database design can establish a robust M&E system with its functional relationship with a statistical system in the different offices:
Figure 14: Interlinkage between Statistical System of different levels of Government
Local government Province statistics office Federal Government Central Bureau of Statistics
Policy and strategy formulation and capacity SDGs should be conducted in coordination development at the national, provincial and with two or three levels but many of the local level will be the responsibility of the surveys conducted periodically at present Federal Government Statistics Organization, will not be necessary due to the regular CBS, while provincial-level units of CBS can collection of most of the data at the local help in capacity development of local level level. statistics units. Thematic surveys capturing Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 45
Proposed SDGs Monitoring Tools
The provincial government has to produce pragmatic to increase the sample size of local level statistics to ensure the regular above-mentioned surveys to produce local supply of accurate and relevant data for level statistics. Therefore, it is imperative to SDGs monitoring and state governance. The improvise national censuses and surveys existing NSS, which mainly serves the unitary and strengthen the MIS system to produce governance system, requires transformation statistics at provincial and local levels. to fulfil the data gap for the federal system. The following are some of the key surveys For example, household surveys like NLSS, suggested as the data sources of several NLFS, NDHS, and NMICS do not provide SDGs indicators in monitoring framework at district level indicators as required for the provincial level. SDG monitoring. As such, it is also not
Table Two: SDG Monitoring Tools S.No. Proposed Surveys/Tools Frequency Rationale NDHS and NMICS do not have enough sample sizes. As such, a tailor-made survey incorporating the features of NDHS and NMICS is required to monitor Provincial Multiple Indicator SDG3, and measuring performance of the health- 1 5 years Cluster Survey (PMICS) related programs for the provincial government. The PMICS with an adequate sample size that can provide reliable estimates up to district level is desired to fill the data gap at the province. This survey is required to monitor some key Integrity and Service Delivery 2 5 years indicators of SDG 16, which includes governance Effectiveness Survey (ISDES) and peace. The small area estimation techniques, which utilize the auxiliary information of population census in a 3 Small area estimation 5 years combination of NLSS data, could be used to derive poverty and other relevant estimates, and thus to fulfill the information gap of the districts. 46 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
PPC CBS CBS CBS CBS Agency PPC/MOEAP Responsible
ency Annual 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years Frequ-
District gation Province Province Province Province Province Disaggre-
2011 2011 2011 2011 2014 year Data Monitoring Framework
NPC estimate estimate estimate estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB the report provided in Data source
NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS Data Report PMICS source Proposed
29.2 14.2 24.1 24.5 29.9 No. 5 Province (2015)
36 11 15 25.3 25.2 28.6 Baseline Figure National 17 Children below national poverty line (under 5 years of age, percent) Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, by 2030 achieve Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems substantial coverage of the poor and vulnerable Social protection expenditure in total budget (percent) By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, a day of population below the Proportion international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural) Poverty $1.9 Per day (Purchasing day (Purchasing $1.9 Per Poverty Parityvalue) Power of all ages below national Women poverty line (percent) By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty its By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, dimensions according to national definitions of population living below Proportion the national poverty line (percent) Proportion of men, women and Proportion children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) Multidimensional Poverty Targets and Indicators For some indicators the national level baseline statistics may vary between this report and roadmap because of difference in sources For and the reporting years, or any one of them. The data that differ has been coded with different color. 2 1 1 1 1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1.1 1.2.1 1.2.2 Target Target Target SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere ANNEX 1: SDG #1 17 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 47
CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS MOHA/MOIAL MOHA/MOIAL
Annual Annual 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years
District District Province Province Province Province Province Province Province
2011 2016 2011 2011
estimate NDHS-WB NDHS-WB NLSS-WB estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB estimate NLSS-WB
data data NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS Admin Admin
7.9 18.3 41.1 j j i
45 40 7.6 415 16.5 68.3 8891 Loss of lives from disaster (number) Loss Proportion of the population in lowest Proportion quintiles that spends more than [10 percent] of sanitation, its income on basic services (water, education, health, transport) energy, By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure vulnerability By 2030, build the resilience of poor and those in vulnerable and environmental shocks disasters to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population Employed people with income less than US$ 1.9 value per day (PPPs) Parity Power in Purchasing (percent) Households having access to market center within 30 min walk (percent of total) Households covered by formal financial services (percent of total) Share of bottom quintile in national consumption (percent) Proportion of the urban population in lowest Proportion quintiles that spends more than 30 percent of its income on accommodation Missing persons and affected by disaster per 100,000 (number) By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular, the poor and vulnerable, have equal rights to economic By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular, and control over land other forms of property, inheritance, resources, as well access to basic services, ownership services, including microfinance natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial of population living in households Proportion with access to basic services Household having bank account (percent of total) Proportion of total adult population with secure Proportion tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and type of tenure 1 3 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 1.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.4.1 1.4.2 Target Target 48 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report CBS PSO MOALC Agency MOALSC MOIAL/ MOITFE MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO Responsible ency Annual 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years Annual Frequ- Annual District District District District gation Province Province District Disaggre-
2011 2016 2011 2016 2017 year Data
Monitoring Framework
statistics estimate estimate estimate estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NDHS-WB NDHS-WB NDHS-WB NDHS-WB Agriculture
the report provided in Data source PLSS NLSS Data PMICS PMICS source MIS/report Proposed Admin data Admin data
7.6 37.6 44.8 38.5 220.3 No. 5
Province (2015)
38 36 9.7 197 44.1 Baseline Figure National
Targets and Indicators By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular, the poor and people vulnerable situations, By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, year round including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all of undernourishment Prevalence Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for Prevalence height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation Health from the median of World Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight) Population spending more than two- Population thirds of total consumption on food (percent) By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address women and older persons of stunting (height for age Prevalence <-2 standard deviation from the median Health Organization of the World (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age Per capita food grain production (kg) Per storage, and Access to drying, processing facilities Proportion of local governments that Proportion adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies 1 2 3 2.1 2.2 2.1.1 2.2.2 2.2.1 1.5.4 Target Target SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved ANNEX 2: SDG #2 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 49
CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS
MOALC MOALC MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO
5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years Annual Annual
District District District District District District Province Province Province Province Province
2011 2011 2011 2016 2011 2016 2017
NRB NDHS estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB
NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS PMICS PMICS PMICS PMICS Admin data Admin. Data
36.4 53.4
40870 28985 34990 37725 31815 448
46 30.1 33.5
43206 33387 39837 40148 35560 3278 2548 Land productivity (AGPA/ha) USD productivity (AGPA/ha) Land Total agricultural land at the present Total level (000 hectare) Average income of small-scale food producers NRs: Non-indigenous By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, and that progressively improve land soil quality extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters of agricultural area Proportion under productive and sustainable agriculture Proportion of children under age 5 Proportion years who are underweight (-2 SD) (percent of total) Prevalence of anemia among women Prevalence of reproductive age Sickle cell anemia infected population By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes including through secure and equal access to land, other indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, services, markets and opportunities for value addition productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial non-farm employment of production per labour Volume unit by classes of farming/pastoral/ forestry enterprise size Average income of small-scale food producers NRs: Indigenous Prevalence of anemia among Prevalence children under 5 years Average annual income of small- scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status Average income of small-scale food producers NRs: Female Average income of small-scale food producers in NRs.: Male Average income of small-scale food producers in NRs. 5 1 2 4 4 3 3 2 1 2.3.1 2.3.2 6 1 2.4 2.3 2.4.1 Target Target 50 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report CBS MOALC Agency MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO Responsible Annual 10 year ency Annual Annual Annual Annual 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years Frequ- District District District District District District District District District Urban- gation rural (Prov) Disaggre-
2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 2017 year Data 2011 Monitoring Framework
NDHS NDHS NDHS DOHS DOHS DOHS the report estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB provided in Data source HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS Data PMICS PMICS PMICS PMICS source Proposed Admin data Agri. Census
45 30 10 134 135 56.6
No. 5 24.3 Province (2015)
58 39 21 10 258 111 Baseline Figure
1781 29.2 National Proportion of births attended by Proportion skilled health personnel Number of Uterine prolapse cases By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children births and under-5 mortality to at least as low 25 per 1,000 neonatal mortality to at least as low 12 per 1,000 live live births mortality rate per 1000 Under-five live births Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births By 2030, end the epidemics of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical By 2030, end the epidemics of Acquired Immune Deficiency other communicable diseases diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne Number of new HIV infections By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less Maternal mortality ratio per 100000 live births Tuberculosis incidence (per 100,000 Tuberculosis population) Malaria incidence (per 100,000 population) Targets and Indicators Round the year irrigated land in total Round arable land (percent) Cultivated land in the total agriculture land (percent) 3.2 3.3 3.1 2 3 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.1.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.1 Target Target Target Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at ages Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for ANNEX 3: SDG #3 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 51
MOSD/LGs MOSD/LGs MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO
Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual
District District District District District District District District District District District
2017 2017 2017 2017 2016
NDHS DOHS DOHS DOHS DOHS
HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS PMICS CRVS/HMIS CRVS/HMIS
19 88 27 8.2 341 18
11 7.6 2.8 325 931 204 1.44 2654 1,354 22421 19 20 population years of age from Cardiovascular Diabetes or disease, Cancer, Chronic respiratory disease (per 1000 population) with Diarrhea in the last 2 weeks cases of Influenza (H1N1) Hepatitis B prevalence (per 100,000 population) Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases incidence rate per 1,000 a. Leprosy b. Kala-azar (Leishmaniasis) cases* (Leishmaniasis) b. Kala-azar cases Filariasis c. Lymphatic d. Dengue cases cases e. Trachoma By 2030, reduce by one-third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment By 2030, reduce by one-third premature mortality from and promote mental health well-being of children under age 5 a. Percent f. No of Uterine prolapsed cases f. b. Number of laboratory confirmed Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease a. Mortality between 30 and 70 a. Cardiovascular disease The one mentioned in the nationalStatus and Roadmapreport is active Trachoma, with different data year. is active Trachoma, The one mentioned in the nationalStatus and Roadmapreport 2016-2030. This indicator is included in target 3.3. of NPC SDG status and Roadmap 2016-2030. This indicator is included in target 3.3. of NPC SDG status and Roadmap
3.4 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.4.1 Target 18 19 20 52 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report PSO/ police Nepal MOIAL MOIAL MOHA/ MOSD/LGs MOSD/LGs MOSD/LGs MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual 3 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years District District District District District District District District District District District
2016 2016 2016 2016
NDHS NDHS NDHS NDHS Survey PMICS PMICS PMICS PMICS Admin data CRVS/HMIS CRVS/HMIS CRVS/HMIS PMICS/HMIS Hard Drug Users' Traffic police reports Traffic
58 2.4 51.3 38.9 40 56 71 53 2.3 0.8 42.8 0.27 0.67 16.5 19.86 21 care visits as per protocol (among live births) methods) (percent) aged 15-49 years) age 15-49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods b. Contraceptive prevalence rate (modern (TFR) (births per women Rate Fertility c. Total Percent of hard drug users who ever visited Percent Centers for comprehensive Rehabilitation services c. Diabetes d. Chronic respiratory disease Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) b. Cancer By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents Death rate due to road traffic injuries By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, the integration of reproductive health into national strategies programs of women reproductive a. Proportion Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years; aged 15-19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and Achieve universal health coverage, including financial medicines and vaccines for all access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential of women having 4 antenatal a. Percentages This indicator is included in target 3.5 of NPC SDG status and Roadmap 2016-2030.d Roadmap. and Roadmap This indicator is included in target 3.5 of NPC SDG status
3.6 3.7 3.8 3.4.2 3.6.1 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.8.1 Target Target Target 21 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 53 CBS CBS MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 7 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years District District District District District District District District District Province Province Province
2017 2016 2016 2016 2016 2011
NDHS NDHS NDHS NDHS MOHP estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS NLSS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS HMIS NLSS/ PMICS/ PMICS/ PMICS/ PMICS/ PMICS/ PMICS/ PMICS/ PMICS/ PMICS/
25 59 89.1 25.6 30.5 52.2 0 20 57 86 25 16.6 39.9 33.4 34.3 61.6 10.7 11.7 three PNC as per protocol delivery doses of Hepatitis B vaccine 49 years screened for cervical cancer with HIV receiving Antiretroviral combination therapy 15 years and above with raised blood pressure who are currently taking medication aged 15 years and above with raised blood pressure who are currently taking medication population aged 15 years and above with raised blood pressure who are currently taking medication 15 years and above with raised blood glucose who are currently taking medication 30 minutes travel time to health facility enrolled in health insurance large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income (percent) c. Percentages of women attending c. Percentages b. Percentages of institutional b. Percentages d. Percentages of infants receiving 3 d. Percentages of women aged 30- e. Percentages f. Percentage of people living Percentage f. g. Percentage of population aged Percentage g. g.1. Percentage of male population Percentage g.1. of female Percentage g.2. of population aged h. Percentage i. Percentage of households within i. Percentage of poor people j. Percentage 1. Proportion of population with 1. Proportion 3.8.2 54 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
CBS MOHP MOHP MOHP MOSD/PSO MOHP/MOSD MOHP/MOSD MOSD/MOEAP MOSD/MOEAP
Annual Annual Annual Annual 5 years 5 years Annual Annual Annual
District District District Province Province Province Province Province Province
LMIS book book NLSS HMIS/ PMICS Budget Budget Admin data GBD Study GBD Study GBD Study
70 88 53 n.a. 111 1.05 12.7 facilities with no stock out of essential drugs for research and development in the total government budget covered by all vaccines included in their national program expenditure in total health expenditure distribution (per 1000 population) Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, countries and small island developing States in developing countries, especially the least developed a. Health worker density and Proportion of health facilities that Proportion have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis a. Percentage of government health a. Percentage c. Percentages of health sector budget c. Percentages b. Percentages of health sector budget b. Percentages Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases Support the research and development of vaccines medicines to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance that primarily affect developing countries, provide access Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries with the Doha Declaration on TRIPS Agreement and Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding to use the full provisions in Agreement on Trade-Related provide access to medicines for all flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, of the target population a. Proportion Deaths from hazardous chemicals (toxic substances, pesticides, etc.) (number) Mortality attributed to unsafe water, Mortality attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and hygiene for all Service (%) WASH 2.Percentageof out of pocket 2.Percentageof 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water soil 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses pollution and contamination Mortality attributed to households and ambient air pollution (%) NDHS and NMICS don’t provide reliable estimates below province level due to their small sample sizes. As such, a tailored-made survey consisting of the features provide reliable estimates below province level due to their small sample sizes. As such, a tailored-made survey NDHS and NMICS don’t
3c 3b 3.9 3b.3 3b.1 3.9.3 3.9.2 3.9.1 Target Target Target Note: Indicator Cluster Multiple government. The Provincial the provincial for the health-related programs and performance of to monitor SDG3 required NDHS and NMICS is of Survey (PMICS) with adequate sample size which can provide reliable estimates up to district level is desired fill the data gap at province. Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 55
MOSD MOSD MOSD Agency MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO Responsible
ency Annual Annual Annual Frequ- 5- years 5- years 5- years 5- years
District District District District District District District gation Disaggre-
2017 2017 year Data Monitoring Framework
education education the report Department of provided in Department of Data source
EMIS EMIS Data PMICS PMICS PMICS PMICS source Proposed Flash report
97.7 74.7 No. 5 Province (2015)
1.1 80.6 76.6 97.2 1.04 0.53 80.3 Baseline Figure National Primary school completion rate Primary (percent) Proportion of pupils enrolled in Proportion grade one who reach eight (percent) Net enrolment rate in primary education (percent) By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary secondary education leading By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, to relevant and effective learning outcomes of children and young Proportion people: (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex Ratio of girls (to boys) enrolled in Ratio grade one who reach eight Ratio of girls (to boys) enrolled in Ratio grade one who reach twelve Ratio of girls enrollment in technical Ratio and vocational education Gross Enrollment in secondary education (grade 9 to 12) (percent) By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational tertiary By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men education, including university rate of youth and Participation adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, by sex Targets and Indicators 2 3 1 4 5 1 6 4.1 4.3 4.1.1 4.3.1 Target Target SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education ANNEX 4: SDG #4 56 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
NTA MOSD MOSD MOSD MOSD MOSD MOSD MOSD MOSD/PSO
Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual 10 year
LGs District District District District District District District District
2017 2017
education education Department of Department of
MIS EMIS EMIS EMIS EMIS Flash report Flash report Flash report Pop. Census Pop.
1.01 1.01 1
37 25 50 0.62 0.88 46.6 1.02 1.02 By 2030, ensure that all youth and at least 95 percent of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy numeracy By 2030, ensure that all youth and at least 95 percent of Gender Parity Index (GPI) (secondary Gender Parity school) Index (GPI) based on Gender Parity literacy (above 15 years) By 2030, increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational for By 2030, increase the number of youth and adults who employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship of youth and adults with Proportion information and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill Scholarship coverage (percent of total students) Ratio of girls enrollment in tertiary Ratio education (graduate level) Gender parity index (GPI) in basic education (grade 6-8) By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure indices (female/male, rural/ Parity urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict- affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregated Internet users (percent of adult population) Working age population with Working technical and vocational training (percent) & adults with technical Youth vocational training (number in ‘000, annual) Gender parity index (GPI) in primary education (grade 1-5) 3 4 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4.1 4.5.1 Target Target Target Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 57 CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS MOSD
Annual 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years
LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs District
2010 2010 2010 2017 2017 2017 2017
Department Department Department Department Department Pop. Census Pop. Pop. Census Pop. Pop. Census Pop. of Education of Education of Education of Education of Education
Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. EMIS Census Census Census Census Census Census Census Census Census Census Census Census
58.3 75.5 66.4 86.9 72.6 79.4 93.8 87.2 90.34
15 57.4 75.1 65.9 89.1 69.1 94.4 84.5 88.6
Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive provide safe, non-violent, inclusive Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and effective learning environments for all Public spending per student (Basic Public education in 1000) Female literacy rate of 5 years and Female above population (percent) Male literacy rate of 5 years and above population (percent) Literacy rate of 5 years and above population (percent) Literacy rate of 5 years and above population (percent) - Female Literacy rate of 5 years and above population (percent) - Male Literacy rate of 5 years and above population (percent) Male literacy rate of 15-49 years old population (percent) Female literacy rate of 15-49 years old Female population (percent) Literacy rate of 15-49 years old population (percent) Proportion of population in a given age Proportion group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex Male literacy rate of 15-24 years old population (percent) Female literacy rate of 15-24 years old Female population (percent) Literacy rate of 15-24 years old (percent) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 12 11 10 4.a 4.6.1 Target 58 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
MOSD/PPC MOSD/PPC MOSD/PPC MOSD/PPC MOSD/PPC MOSD/PPC
Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual
District District District District District District
EMIS EMIS EMIS EMIS EMIS EMIS
80 3.9 95.5 95.4 Proportion of schools with access Proportion to: (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as per indicator definitions) the WASH Schools with access to electricity (percent) Schools with access to internet (percent) Basic schools with access to facilities (percent) "WASH" Disability friendly schools (percent) By 2020, expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular, least developed By 2020, expand globally the number of scholarships for enrolment in higher education, including vocational countries, small island developing States and African technical, engineering and scientific programs, in developed training and information communications technology, countries and other developing of teachers in: (a) pre- Proportion primary; (b) (c) lower secondary; and (d) upper secondary education who have received at least the minimum organized pedagogical teacher training (e.g. training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country Proportion of teachers in basic Proportion education who have received at least the minimum organized (percent) teacher training, Proportion of teachers in secondary Proportion education who have received at least the minimum organized (percent) teacher training, 4.b 4.c1 4.c2 4.c.1 4.a.1 4.a.1 4.a.2 4.a.3 4.a.4 Target Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 59 CBS Agency MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO Responsible
ency 5 years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years Frequ-
District District District gation Province Disaggre-
2016 year Data Monitoring Framework
NDHS the report provided in Data source
NLSS Data PMICS PMICS PMICS source Proposed
8.3 No. 5 Province (2015)
6.9 Baseline Figure 0.62 28.4 81.7 National discrimination on the basis of End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere End all forms of discrimination against women and Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality non ‑ sex Wage equality for similar work Wage wage to that of (ration of women’s men) Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking Eliminate all forms of violence against women and sexual and other types of exploitation of ever-partnered Proportion women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age Lifetime Physical and/or Sexual violence (percent) Proportion of women and girls Proportion aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence Children age 1-14 years who experienced psychological aggression or physical punishment during the last one month (percent) Women aged 15-49 years who Women experience sexual violence (percent) Targets and Indicators 1 1 2 1 5.1 5.2 5.1.1 5.2.1 5.2.2 Target Target SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women ANNEX 5: SDG #5 60 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report CBS CBS CBS CBS PSO PSO PSO PSO NEC MOHA/NHRC
10 10 years years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years
LGs LGs District Province Province Province Province Province Province Provincial
2011 2011 2011 2016 2016 2011 2011 2011
NDHS NDHS estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB
NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS Pop. census Pop. Pop. census Pop. Admin. Data Election records 22
69 4.7 9.9 14.7 24.8 39.5 19.7 15.3 36.78
7.2 16.8 25.6 10.2 21.9 16.5 65.8 40.5 1697 Ensure women’s full and effective participation equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life of seats held by women Proportion in (a) national parliaments and (b) local governments Proportion of time spent by people Proportion and above in unpaid aged 65 years domestic work and care (percent) (a) provincial parliament (percent) Proportion of time spent by people Proportion aged 19-64 years in unpaid domestic work and care (percent) Women aged 15-19 years who are Women married or in union (percent) Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced of women aged 20-24 Proportion years who were married or in a union before age 15 Proportion of women aged 20-24 Proportion years who were married or in a union before age 18 Proportion of time spent by men Proportion on unpaid domestic work and care (percent) oftime spent by women Proportion population on unpaid domestic work and care (percent) Recognize and value unpaid care domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure social appropriate nationally as family the and household the within responsibility shared of promotion the and policies protection of time spent on unpaid Proportion domestic and care work, by sex, age and location Women and Girls Trafficking (in and Girls Trafficking Women number) Proportion of time spent on unpaid Proportion domestic work and care (percent) Ratio of women to men participation of Ratio in labour force This data has been acquired is from the year 2017. 6 5 2 1
3 4 2 2 1 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.5.1 5.4.1 Target Target Target 22 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 61 CBS CBS CBS CBS NEC MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO
5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years
LGs District District District District District District District
2016
NDHS
NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS PMICS PMICS PMICS Election records 23
20.3 41.38
25 50 11 24 19 (b) local government bodies (percent) Women's participation in decision Women's making level in the private sector (percent) Proportion of women in managerial Proportion positions Women's participation in Women's cooperative sector (percent) Women in public service decision Women making positions (percent of total employees) Ratio of women to men in professionalRatio and technical workers (percent) Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health Population and Development the Beijing Platform for Action Programme of Action the International Conference on and the outcome documents of their review conferences of women aged 15-49 Proportion years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care Awareness about reproductive rights among girls and women (percent)- of women aged 15-49 Proportion years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care. specific support and Receiving service provisions related to sexual health care to the poor, discriminated and marginalized groups (percent) Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well access to ownership and control over Undertake reforms to give women equal rights economic and natural resources, in accordance with national laws land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance of total agricultural (a) Proportion population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex As above 1 2 3 4 1 2 5.a 5.6 5.a.1 5.5.2 5.6.1 Target Target 23 62 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report CBS CBS CBS CBS MOEAP MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO
10 10 10 10 years years years years Annual 5 years 5 years 5 years
LGs LGs LGs LGs District District District Province
2010 2010 2010 2016 2016
NDHS NDHS Pop.census Pop.census Pop.census
PMICS PMICS PMICS Eco. census Pop. census Pop. Pop. census Pop. Pop. census Pop. Budget book
21.6 11.8 11.8 69.7 88.7
22.2 11.7 11.8 72.6 89.3 19.6 Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and Adopt and strengthen sound policies enforceable legislation empowerment of all women and girls at levels of budget allocated by Proportion the government for gender equality empowerment and women’s (percent) Proportion of household with Proportion women's ownership of property on land (percent) Proportion of household with Proportion ownership of property Women's house (percent) Proportion of household with Proportion ownership of property Women's (land and house) (percent) of women aged 15-49 Proportion years who use mobile phone Proportion of men aged 15-49 Proportion years who use mobile phone Use of Internet by women aged 15- 24 years (percent) Number of enterprises owned by women Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information empowerment of women of individuals who own Proportion a mobile telephone, by sex (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure of total agricultural (a) Proportion population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 5.c 5.b 5.b.1 5.a.1 Target Target Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 63
CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS MOSD MOSD Agency Responsible
ency Annual Annual 5 years Frequ- 10 years 10 years 10 years 10 years
LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs gation Province Disaggre-
2016 2016 2016 2016 year Data Monitoring Framework
NDHS NDHS NDHS NDHS the report provided in Data source
NLSS Data source Proposed Admin data Pop. Census Pop. Pop. Census Pop. Pop. Census Pop. Pop. Census Pop. Exp. Research
96.8 32.9 73.5 No. 5 Province (2015)
15 33.3 64.6 67.6 Baseline Figure 94.9 National Targets and Indicators By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe of population using safely Proportion managed drinking water services Household with access to piped water supply (percent) Population using safe drinking water (percent) Population of population in the poorest Percentage quintile whose financial expenditure on sanitation and hygiene is below 3 water, percent of the national poverty line. By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all end open defecation, paying special By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation vulnerable situations attention to the needs of women and girls those in of population using safely Proportion managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and water Households using improved sanitation facilities which are not shared (percent) Proportion of population using latrine Proportion (percent) Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management Support and strengthen the participation of local communities of local administrative units Proportion with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals water and increasing recycling safe reuse. and materials, halving the proportion of untreated waste 2 1 4 1 2 6.1 6.2 6.b 6.3 6.b.1 6.1.1 6.2.1 Target Target Target Target SDG 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all SDG 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management ANNEX 6: SDG #6 64 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
CBS CBS CBS CBS NEA DOTM Agency MOEWRI MOEWRI Responsible MOEWRI/ NEA
ency Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Frequ- 10 years 10 years 11 years 10 years
LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs LGs District gation Province Disaggre- Subnational
2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 year Data Monitoring Framework
NDHS NDHS NDHS NDHS Finance Ministry of the report provided in Data source
Data source Proposed Admin data Pop. Census Pop. Pop. Census Pop. Pop. Census Pop. Pop. Census Pop. Admin. Data Admin. Data Admin. Data Admin. Data
30 88.6 65.3 34.5 21.6 No. 5 Province (2015)
1 16 30 80 990 90.8 65.7 33.9 11.9 Baseline Figure National By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable of population with access to Proportion electricity Per capita energy (final) consumption Per (in gigajoules) Proportion of population with primary Proportion reliance on clean fuels and technology Households using solid fuel as primary source of energy for cooking (percent) Proportion of population with primary Proportion reliance on clean fuels and technology for cooking People using liquid petroleum gas People (LPG) for cooking and heating (percent) Electricity consumption (KWh per capita) Electricity consumption (KWh By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy energy share in the total Renewable final energy consumption Installed capacity of hydropower (Megawatt) By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and Gross Domestic (GDP) Product Electric vehicles in public transport systems (percent) Targets and Indicators 1 1 2 3 4 1 4 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.2.1 7.3.1 Target Target Target SDG 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all SDG 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable ANNEX 7: SDG #7 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 65
CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS Agency Responsible
ency Annual 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years Frequ-
gation Province Province Province Province Province Province Province Disaggre-
2016 2010 2010 2010 2010 year Data Monitoring Framework
NDHS estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB Pop.Census Pop.Census Pop.Census the report provided in Data source
NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS Data source Account Statistics National Proposed
54 58 23 38.9 30.4 No. 5 Province (2015)
21 70 2.3 53.6 38.3 31.3 54.1 Baseline Figure National Access to Cooperatives (percent of households within 30 min walk) By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including young people By 2030, achieve full and productive employment decent of equal value and persons with disabilities, equal pay for work Proportion of population in informal Proportion employment in non-agriculture Proportion of male population Proportion in informal employment non- agriculture sector (percent) Proportion of female population Proportion in informal employment non- agriculture (percent) Access to Financial Services (percent) Access to Financial Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity Promote development-oriented policies that support productive of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including and innovation, encourage the formalization growth through access to financial services of informal employment in Proportion non ‑ agriculture employment, by sex Per capita Gross Domestic Product capita Gross Domestic Product Per (GDP) growth (percent) Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 percent gross Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with countries domestic product growth per annum in the least developed Annual growth rate of real Gross (GDP)per capita Domestic Product Targets and Indicators 5 1 2 3 4 1 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.3.1 8.1.1 Target Target SDG 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment decent work for all SDG 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic ANNEX 8: SDG #8 66 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS NRB/PSO NRB/PSO
Annual Annual 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 10 years
LGs District District District District Province Province Province Province
2011 2011 2011 2011
estimate estimate estimate estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB NLSS-WB
Pop. Pop. data data NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS Admin Admin Census
57.9 32.7 50.6 31.9 5
34 11 18 32 60.5 29.9 47.2 27.7 Proportion of adults (15 years and Proportion older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider 2. Automated teller machines per 100000 adult population (number) 3. Life insurance coverage (percent) Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access banking, insurance Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions financial services for all 1. Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and Proportion of youth aged 15-24 Proportion years not in employment (percent) Youth underemployment rate (aged Youth 15-24 years)(percent) Proportion of youth aged 15-24 Proportion years not in education (percent) By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not of youth (aged 15- Proportion 24 years) not in education, employment or training Underemployment rate (15-59 y) (percent) Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities 3 2 1 1 8.6 8.6.1 8.5.2 8.5.1 8.10 8.10.2 8.10.1 Target Target Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 67
CBS CBS MOPID MOPID MOPID Agency MOICT/NTA Responsible
10 years ency Annual Annual Annual Annual 5 years Frequ-
LGs District District District District District gation Disaggre-
year Data Monitoring Framework
NLSS the report provided in Data source
Data NLSS Data census Admin. source Economic Proposed Admin data Admin data Admin data
8.9 88.8 42.3 No. 5 Province (2015)
90 94.5 10.5 0.01 78.8 0.55 Baseline Figure National Proportion of population covered by Proportion a mobile network, by technology Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment Passenger, by mode of transport Passenger, (percent) (Road) Paved road density (km/sq. km) Paved Passenger and freight volumes, by Passenger mode of transport Road density (km/sq. km) Road Proportion of the rural population Proportion who live within 2 km of an all-season road Targets and Indicators Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise the industry’s share of employment & Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, & double its share in the least developed countries gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, a focus on affordable & equitable access for all support economic development & human well-being, with 2 1 2 1 1 9.2 9.1 9.1.2 9.1.1 Target Target SDG 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization foster innovation SDG 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive ANNEX 9:SDG #9 68 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS MoUD Agency Responsible
ency 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years Frequ-
gation Province Province Province Province Province Province Province Disaggre-
2011 2011 2011 2011 year Data Monitoring Framework
NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS the report provided in Data source NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS NLSS Data NLSS source Adminis- trative data Proposed
4.6 1.3 20.3 0.325 No. 5 Province (2015)
5.3 1.3 0.33 18.7 Baseline Figure 0.328 National Consumption inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient) By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 percent population at a rate higher By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth than the national average Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 percent of population and the total Income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient) Share of bottom 40 percent population in total consumption (percent) Share of bottom 40 percent population in total income (percent) Index PALMA of urban households with Percentage income below 50 percent of median income By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective age, sex, disability, By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic other status of people living below 50 Proportion percent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, and action in this regard practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies Targets and Indicators 1 2 3 4 5 6 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.1.1 10.2.1 Target Target Target SDG 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries ANNEX 10:SDG #10 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 69
CBS PSO
CBS CBS CBS CBS Agency Responsible
5 year 5 years
10 10 10 10 years years years years ency Frequ-
District LGs LGs LGs LGs Province gation Disaggre-
2011 2016 2016 year Data Monitoring Framework
NLSS NDHS NDHS the report provided in Data source
NLSS Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Data Census Census Census Census source Proposed Special Survey
12.1 68.7 22.6 No. 5 Province (2015)
9.5 500 67.8 29.8 Baseline Figure 20.9 National Proportion of farm households covered Proportion by microfinance (percent) Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions strengthen the implementation of Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial such regulations of population reporting Proportion having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law Financial Soundness Indicators Financial Targets and Indicators Population living in slum and squatters Population (‘000) By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services upgrade slums By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable of urban population living Proportion in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing Household units roofed with thatched/ straw roof (percent) Proportion of urban population living Proportion in inadequate housing Households living in safe houses (percent) By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention children, persons with disabilities and older 1 1 2 3 4 10.5 11.1 11.2 10.3.1 10.5.1 11.1.1 Target Target Target SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, ANNEX 11: SDG #11 70 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
PPC PPC CBS CBS CBS MOIAL MOIAL MOIAL
10 years Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual 5 years 5 years
LGs District District District Province Province Province Province
2011 2010
estimate NLSS-WB NLSS-WB Pop.Census
Pop. Pop. Data Data Data book NLSS NLSS Budget Admin. Admin. Admin. Census Plan doc.
52.6 54.4
10 0.1 50.5 55.3 1.15 22300 Proportion of population that has Proportion convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities Availability of safe public transport (percent) By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated sustainable By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization human settlement planning and management in all countries of cities with a direct Proportion participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically Access to paved road within 30 minutes of walking (percent) Planned new cities (number) Households residing with 5 and more persons (percent) Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s Budget allocated for the protection of natural and cultural heritage (percent) By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and decrease by 100 percent By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and by disasters, including water-related with a focus on economic losses relative to gross domestic product caused protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population Deaths due to natural disaster (number) Injuries due to disaster (number) By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact quality and municipal other waste management 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.2.1 11.3.2 11.5.1 Target Target Target Target Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 71 LGs PPC CBS PSO Agency PPC/MOITFE Responsible Annual Annual Annual ency 5 year Frequ- 10 year LGS District District Province gation Municipality Disaggre-
year Data Monitoring Framework
the report provided in Data source Report Agri. Record Data source statistics Admin data Proposed Agri. census
No. 5 Province
(2015)
80 Baseline Figure National By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and children, older persons and with disabilities. Proportion of urban solid waste regularly Proportion collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities Number of public spaces by types with areas (play grounds, open spaces, gardens, parks, exhabitationcentres etc.) By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per Gross Domestic (GDP) Product use for agricultural production Land (cereal as percent of cultivated land) By 2020, increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies plans By 2020, increase the number of cities and human settlements to climate change, resilience disasters, develop and towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation holistic disaster risk management at all levels implement, in line with the forth-coming Hyogo Framework, of local governments that Proportion adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies Per capita cereal food consumption Per (in KG) annual Targets and Indicators 1 1 1 2 11.7 11.b 12.2 11.6.1 12.2.2 Target Target Target SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production ANNEX 12: SDG #12 72 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
MOIAL MOHA/ MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE Agency Responsible
ency Annual Annual Annual Frequ- Annual
District District District gation Disaggre- District
year Data
Monitoring Framework
the report provided in
Data source
Data source Proposed Admin data Admin data Admin data Admin data
0.08 No. 5 Province
(2015) 4
31 Baseline Figure 0.0236 National (number of LGs) Targets and Indicators b) Community level adaptation plan Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning Integrate climate change measures into national policies, Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/ strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other) Proportion of local governments that Proportion adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies a) Local adaptation plan preparation a) Local 2. Economic loss due to disaster (in million Rs.) Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related 1. Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
13.2 13.1 13.2.1 13.1.3 13.1.1 Target Target SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat Climate change and its impacts SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat Climate change and
ANNEX 13: SDG #13 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 73
MOSD MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE
Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual
District District District District District District
Admin data Admin data Admin data Admin data Admin data Flash report
0 0 0
80 791 c) Implementation of adaptation plan d) Climate smart villages e) Climate smart farming Proportion of schools covered by climate Proportion change education (percent) Number of trained persons in climate change mitigation Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, Improve education, awareness-raising and human impact reduction and early warning Number of countries that have integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual to implement capacity-building adaptation, mitigation and technology and development actions transfer, Number of trained persons (local planners) in climate change adaptation 1 1 2 13.3 13.3.1 13.3.2 Target SDG 14 – Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development: Irrelevant Nepal SDG 14 – Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas ANNEX 14: SDG #14 74 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
MOFSC MOFSC MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE Agency Responsible
ency Frequ- Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual 10 years
District District District District District District District District District gation Disaggre-
2017 year Data Monitoring Framework
paper the report provided in Data source Province Status Province
Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Forest Forest Survey Admin. Admin. Admin. Admin. Admin. Admin. Admin. Admin. source Proposed
52.6 No. 5 Province (2015)
- 39 44.7 23.2 44.6 1727 Baseline Figure National Proportion of important sites for Proportion terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, ecosystem type Forest area under community-based area under community-based Forest management (percent) by type of management practices Forest By 2030, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems By 2030, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable and dry lands, in line with obligations under international their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains agreements area as a proportion of total land Forest area (percent) Protected area (including forest, in Protected percent of total land area) Conservation of lakes, wetlands, and ponds (number) Area under lakes, wetlands and ponds By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types forests, halt deforestation, restore By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management degraded forests and increase afforestation reforestation towards sustainable forest Progress management Handover of forests to leasehold forest groups (000 hectare) Deforestation replacement plantation rate (percent) Additional plantation (seedlings in million per annum) Targets and Indicators 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 15.1 15.2 15.1.2 15.1.1 15.2.1 Target Target SDG 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat SDG 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of halt biodiversity loss desertification, and halt reverse land degradation ANNEX 15: SDG #15 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 75
MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE MOITFE
5 year 5 year 5 year 5 year 5 year 5 year Annual Annual
District District District District Province Province Province Province
data Data Admin Admin. Census Census Research Research Research Research
3 5 400 534 198 0.37 0.48 0.81 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, development capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss biodiversity and, by Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species List Index Red Potentially dangerous lakes (percent) Potentially Threatened flora (medicinal & aromatic plants) (percent) Threatened fauna (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, insects, Platyhelminthes, mollusks, etc.) (percent) By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values reduction strategies and accounts towards national targets Progress established in accordance with Aichi 2 of the Strategic Biodiversity Target Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 Community led anti-poaching units mobilized (number) Rhino (number) Wild tigers (number) Wild Plant (floral) species under conservation plan (number) Animal (faunal) species under conservation plan (number) 1 1 2 5 4 3 1 2 15.4 15.5 15.9 15.4.1 15.5.1 15.9.1 Target Target Target 76 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Agency MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/PSO MOSD/NHRC Responsible 5
5 5 5 5 ency years years years years years Frequ-
District District District District District gation Disaggre-
2016 year Data Monitoring Framework
NDHS the report provided in Data source
Data Report PMICS PMICS PMICS PMICS source Proposed
7.8 No. 5 Province (2015)
64 6.5 81.7 Baseline Figure National Targets and Indicators Target 16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all Target 16.3 Promote the rule of law at national and Number of victims human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of exploitation Children trafficking to abroad (including India) per annum (reported number) Proportion of young women and men Proportion aged 18 ‑ 29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence of children aged 1-17 years Proportion who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month Children age 1-14 years who experienced psychological aggression or physical punishment during the last one month) (percent) Proportion of population that feel safe Proportion walking alone around the area they live Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death of population subjected to Proportion violence psychological or sexual physical, in the previous 12 months 1 1 16.3 16.2 16.1 16.2.2 16.2.3 16.2.1 16.1.4 16.1.3 Target Target Target SDG 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, SDG 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels ANNEX16: SDG #16 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 77
PSO MOFAGA MOSD/PSO PSO/MOIAL PSO/MOIAL PSO/MOIAL PSO/MOIAL PSO/MOIAL Nepal Police
Annual Annual 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years
District District District District District District District District District
2017
NASC
ISDES ISDES ISDES ISDES ISDES ISDES PMICS Admin. Data Admin. Data
6
3 10 -0.78 Proportion of population who believe decision-making Proportion is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability population group Ensure responsive, participatory and representative decision making at all levels Ensure responsive, participatory and representative decision of positions (by sex, age, persons Proportions with disabilities and population groups) in public institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributions Develop effective, accountable and transparent institution at all levels. Develop effective, accountable and transparent institution of population satisfied with their last Proportion experience of public services People's perception of corruption (percent people People's with at least one instance in the past 12 months that require to give a bribe/present) Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact Proportion with a public official and that paid bribe to official or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their of persons who had at least one contact Proportion with a public official and who paid bribe to official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months Good governance (Reported along a scale of -2.5 to Good governance (Reported 2.5. Higher values correspond to good governance) for control of corruption Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population Proportion of victims violence in the previous 12 Proportion months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms Transparency, accountability, and corruption in public and corruption in public accountability, Transparency, (score out of 6) 1 2 1 16.7 16.6 16.5 16.7.2 16.7.1 16.6.2 16.5.2 16.5.1 16.3.2 16.3.1 Target Target Target 78 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
MOEAP Agency MOICT/CBS Responsible MOSD/PSO PSO/MOIAL PSO/MOIAL
ency 10 yrs Frequ- Annual Annual/ Annual 5 years 5 years
LGs LGS gation District District Province Disaggre-
year Data 2016 Monitoring Framework
NDHS
Data source the report provided in CRVS ISDES
Book Data Women and Women (WAMIDMS) census Budget source Making Survey MIS/Pop. Men in Decision Proposed
56.8 No. 5 Province (2015)
15 56.2 49.8 Baseline Figure National Targets and Indicators Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, improve Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection of provincial budget funded Proportion by provincial tax taxes (percent) Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions Fixed per 100 inhabitants, by speed Internet Density (per 100 person) Proportions of decisionmaking positions Proportions held by women in public institutions By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration of children under 5 years Proportion age whose births have been registered by age with a civil authority, Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws policies of population reporting having Proportion personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground discrimination prohibited under international human rights law 1 1 1 17.1 16.b 16.9 16.b.1 17.6.2 16.9.1 Target Target Target SDG 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development SDG 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and ANNEX 17: SDG #17 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 79 PSO MOEAP PPC/PSO PPC/MOIAL MOSD/PSO MOICT/CBS MOICT/CBS MOICT/CBS 2019 2019 10 yrs 10 yrs 10 yrs Annual Annual Annual Annual/ Annual/ Annual/ LGs LGs LGs LGs Province Province Province Province
2016 2016 2016
NDHS NDHS NDHS Law Plan book CRVS census census census Budget MIS/Pop. MIS/Pop. MIS/Pop. Meta data
45.5 19.5
Yes Yes 58.1 48.5 23.3 Proportion of children under 5 years Proportion age whose births have been registered Develped and enforced statistical legislation that complies with the of Official Principles Fundamental Statistics Developed and implemented a statistical plan that is fully funded of budget allocated to Proportion strengthen statistical capacity (percent of total budget) By 2020, enhance capacity-building support and increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable By 2020, enhance capacity-building support and increase migratory status, disability, geographic location and other data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, characteristics. of sustainable development Proportion indicators produced with full disaggregation relevant to the target, in accordance with the Fundamental of Official Statistics Principles Proportion of men aged 15-49 years Proportion using internet Proportion ofwomen aged 15-49 years Proportion using internet Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology, in particular information and communications developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology of individuals using the Proportion Internet 5 2 3 4 1 3 2 1 17.8 17.18 Target Target 80 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report health Disaster Water supply Water management Education and related services Joint-Federal- Provincial-Local area Local projects Disaster of water sanitation education secondary catchment Basic and Local level Local Basic health development management Conservation Article9: Basic Source: Constitution of Nepal relief Physical sanitation Land policy Land Provincial infrastructure Joint-Federal- Water supply and Water Poverty Alleviation Poverty productive Industry Manufacturing and Disaster rescue and Property acquisition Property Provincial land inventory Health services provincial level State Universities, higher education, libraries, museums Provincial highway Provincial Water supply at the Water Land management Land Federal development policy highway management Land use and settlement Land service providing hospitals, Health standards, quality and communicable diseases control and regulation, central libraries Health policies, health services, traditional treatment services and Central Universities, central level academies, Universities standards Transport policy, rails and national policy, Transport monitoring, national or specialized monitoring,
Health SDG (8) SDG (15) SDG (11) (13) (4) Education, Infrastructure SDG (1), (3) and SDG (6) , (9), (11) Poverty reduction, ANNEX 18: SDGs and Division of Powers among Three Levels Government Acronyms UNDP SDGs PSO PPC PMICS PLSS NTA NRB NPC NMICS NLSS NLFS NHRC NEC NEA NDHS NASC MPI MOUD MOSD MOPID MOEAP MOITFE MOICT MOIAL MOHP MOHA MOFSC MOFAGA MOEWRI MOALD MIS ISDES HMIS HBS GPI GER GBD EMIS DOTM DOHS CBS United Nations DevelopmentProgramme Sustainable Development Goals Province Statistical Office Province Planning Commission Provincial Multiple IndicatorsClusterSurvey Provincial LivingStandardSurvey Nepal Telecom Authority Nepal Rastra Bank National PlanningCommission Nepal MultipleIndicatorClusterSurvey Nepal LivingStandardSurvey Nepal Labour Force Survey Nepal HumanRightsCommission Nepal EngineeringCouncil Nepal ElectricityAuthority Nepal DemographicandHealthSurvey Nepal AdministrativeStaffCouncil Multidimensional Poverty Index Ministry ofUrbanDevelopment Ministry ofSocialDevelopment Ministry ofPhysicalInfrastructureDevelopment Ministry ofEconomicAffairsandPlanning Ministry ofIndustry, Tourism, Forest andEnvironment Ministry ofInformationandCommunicationTechnology Ministry ofInternalAffairsandLaw Ministry ofHealthandPopulation Ministry ofHomeAffairs Ministry ofForest andSoilConservation Ministry ofFederal AffairsandGeneralAdministration Ministry ofEnergy, Water Resources andIrrigation Ministry ofAgricultureandLivestockDevelopment Management InformationSystem Integrity andServiceDeliveryEffectivenessSurvey Health ManagementInformationSystem Household BudgetSurvey Gender Parity Index Gross EnrolmentRate Global BurdenofDisease Educational ManagementInformationSystem Department ofTransport Management Department ofHealthServices Central BureauofStatistics 82 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report
Annex
ANNEX 01: SDG #01 46
ANNEX 02: SDG #02 48
ANNEX 03: SDG #03 50
ANNEX 04: SDG #04 55
ANNEX 05: SDG #05 59
ANNEX 06: SDG #06 63
ANNEX 07: SDG #07 64
ANNEX 08: SDG #08 65
ANNEX 09: SDG #09 67
ANNEX 10: SDG #10 68
ANNEX 11: SDG #11 69
ANNEX 12: SDG #12 71
ANNEX 13: SDG #13 72
ANNEX 14: SDG #14 73
ANNEX 15: SDG #15 74
ANNEX16: SDG #16 76
ANNEX 17: SDG #17 78
ANNEX 18: SDGs and Division of Powers among Three Levels of Government 80 Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report 83
List of figures
Figure 01: Poverty in Province No. Five 26 Figure 02: Malnutrition and Postnatal Care (PNC) 27 Figure 03: Neonatal mortality rate and Antenatal Care (ANC) 28 Figure 04: Literacy rate 28 Figure 05: Measures of inequality 31 Figure 06: Unemployment and underemployment 32 Figure 07: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment 32 Figure 08: Reliance on clean fuel, solid fuel and population with access to electricity 33 Figure 09: Household using sanitation; a household with a thatched roof; and household with access to piped water 34 Figure 10: Mobile phone and internet 35 Figure 11: Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union 35 Figure 12: Women’s ownership of property (land) 36 Figure 13: Availability of data for SDGs indicator 37 Figure 14: Interlinkage between statistical system of different levels of government 44
List of Tables
Table One: Goal wise Critical Interventions 40 Table Two: SDG Monitoring Tools 45
Sustainable Development Goals Baseline Report of Province No. Five