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National Population Report 2017 Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE) Singha Durbar, Kathmandu FOREWORD I would like to present, with great pleasure, the National Population Report, 2017. This population report is part of the Ministry of Population and Environment on policy, theory, and research articles focused on national population dimension and solutions. Nepal's population reached 28.2 million on 2016 with the slowest population growth rate at 1.32 per annum since 1961. Dominance of pervasive poverty and population management issues has been the major challenge to Nepal's socioeconomic development efforts. The major push of the Nepalese population policy that is described in periodic development plans and Population Perspective Plan has been to enhance population quality, reducing the growth rate of population, regulate internal and international migration and urbanization and management of aging population. Within the context of international conference on Population and Development (ICPD), Beijing Conference, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Nepal has attempted to integrate population dynamics into development planning process. Some progressive steps forward have been made in recent years in reducing Total Fertility Rate (TFR), Maternal and Infant Mortality Rates (MMR and IMR), increasing the life expectancy and the educational status of the general public. This report has been prepared mainly from the different population issue in relation with ending MDG in 2015 and starting of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) from 2016. Some major issues highlighted are urbanization, aging, youth, fertility, gender, migration etc. for this publication. The papers in this document were prepared by a team of professionals working in different issues of Population and Development. On behalf of the ministry, I would like to thank them all for their efforts and contributions. It is my hope that this fine collection of topic will be a valuable resource for MoPE as well as readers, and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of population and development. I would like to express sincere thanks to all related MoPE officials for their efforts in bringing out this publication. Mr. Rameshwor Dangal Joint Secretary Ministry of Population and Environment, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. i LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ADRA The Adventist Development and Relief Agency International AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AN Ageing Nepal ART Antiretroviral Therapy ASFR Age Specific Fertility Rate AYYP Adolescents, Youth and Young People CAC Comprehensive Abortion Care CBO Community Based Organization CBR Crude Birth Rate CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CDPS Central Department of Population Studies CDR Crude Death Rate CEB Children Ever Born CEDAW The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CLC Community Learning Center CO2 Carbon Dioxide CPA Comprehensive Peace Accord CPN-M Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) CPR Contraceptive Prevalence Rate CPR Contraceptive Prevalence Rate CSO Civil Society Organization CYP Commomwealth Youth Program DALY Disability-Adjusted Life Years DDC District Development Committee DFID The Department for International Development DOTS Directly Observed Treatment Short Course DTM Demographic Transition Model EAP Economically Active Population EHCS Essential Health Care Service ESCAP The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific EU European Union FANTA Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance FCHVs Family, Child and Health Volunteers FDI Foreign Direct Investment FP Family Planning FPAN Family Planning Association of Nepal FY Fiscal Year GA General Assembly GBV Gender Based Violence ii GDP Gross Domestic Product GFR Generational Fertility Rate GiZ German Corporation for International Cooperation GNI Gross National Income GNP Gross National Product GO Government Organization GoN Government of Nepal GPI Gender Parity Index GRR Gross Reproductive Rate GWA Gainful Worker Approach HDI Human Development Index HDR Human Development Report HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HMIS Health Management Information System ICLSR International Conference of Labor Statisticians Resolution ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ICW International Conference of Women IDP Internally Displaced Person IEC Information, Education and Communication IED Improvised Explosive Device ILO The International Labor Organization IMR Infant Mortality Rate INGO International Non Governmental Organization INSEC Informal Sector Service Center IOM International Organization for Migration IUD Intrauterine Device JICA The Japan International Cooperation Agency LDR Least Developed Region LDR Less Developed Region LFA Labor Force Approach LFPR Labor Force Participation Rate LGCDP Local Governance and Community Development Program LUA Labor Utilization Approach LUF Labor Utilization Framework MCH Maternal and Child Health MDG Millennium Development Goals MDR More Developed Region MMR Maternal Mortality Rate MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development MoH Ministry of Health MoHP Ministry of Health and Population MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment MoPPWTM Ministry of Physical Planning, Works and Transport Management MoUD Ministry of Urban Development iii MoWCSW Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare MWRA Married Women of Reproductive Age NCD Non Communicable Disease NDHS Nepal Demographic Health Survey NER Net Enrolment Ratio NGO Non Governmental Organization NGS National Geographic Society NHSP National Health Sector Program NLSS Nepal Living Standards Survey NPC National Planning Commission NRR Net Reproductive Rate PAF Poverty Alleviation Fund PDNA Post Disaster Needs Assessment PMIS Population Management Information System POA Program of Action POP Projection of the Population PRB Population Reference Bureau PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper RH Reaping Hope RH Reproductive Health SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SBA Skilled Birth Attendants SDC The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDG Sustainable Development Goals SLC School Leaving Certificate SNA System of National Accounts TDF The Town Development Fund TFR Total Fertility Rate UN United Nations UNDESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNDP The United States Agency for International Development UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF The United Nations Children's Fund USAID The United States Agency for International Development VDC Village Development Committee WB The World Bank WHO World Health Organization iv Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... i LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. x LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. xiii CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................................................ 1 DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Concepts ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Scholars' Definitions ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Population Economics and Other Economics ............................................................................... 2 1.4 Population Situation ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Population clock ............................................................................................................................ 7 1.6 Demographic Transition ............................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Size and Growth Rate of Population of Nepal ............................................................................ 10 1.9 Population Distribution ............................................................................................................... 11 1.10 Growth Rate and Distribution of Population ............................................................................ 13 1.11 Population Density .................................................................................................................... 17 1.12 Sex Ratio ................................................................................................................................... 18 1.13 Age Structure ............................................................................................................................ 19 CHAPTER II ......................................................................................................................................... 24 FERTILITY AND ITS PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS ................................................................. 24 2.1 Fertility .......................................................................................................................................
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