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Society Registers Endangered Plant List Proposed to Grow The Virginia Department of longer recognized as distinct from the Piedmont Wetlands Agriculture and Consumer Services more common tropical water hyssop Through determined efforts of (VDACS), which administers Virginia’s (Bacopa inominata). Further, VDACS is Piedmont Chapter, this past December, Endangered Plant and Insect Species proposing to put two insects on the list the Board of Supervisors of Fauquier Act, has begun the process of revising of threatened species, a first for the County voted to accept VNPS Registry the threatened and endangered species state. The Virginia Native Plant Society designation for a county-owned list. Under the draft regulation, seven has joined numerous individuals, groups wetlands near Marshall, Virginia. new plant species will be protected: Addison’s leatherflower (Clematis and agencies in supporting the addition Known as Carters Run, this rich addisonii), Leo’s clover (Trifolium of these species, plus an additional wetland area extends over 245 acres. calcaricum), Millboro leatherflower plant, prairie white fringed orchid In some parts, swampy expanses (Clematis viticaulis), sensitive joint-vetch (Habenaria leucophaea), to the threat¬ persist year around. Among the more (Aeschynomene virginica), small- ened and endangered plant list. The interesting and unusual species found anthered bittercress (Cardamine Society has further recommended there are rough avens, Geum micranthera), smooth coneflower against changing the status of round- laciniatum, which is ranked S2 (state, (Echinacea laevigata), and sun-facing leaf birch. VDACS Board will consider rare) by the Virginia Natural Heritage coneflower (Rudbeckia heliopsidis). In these recommendations and formally Program; purple fringeless orchid, addition, round-leaf birch (Betula ubei), propose a regulation in May. After a Habenaria peramoena, a beautiful plant will be changed from endangered to public comment period, the Board is infrequent in the region; green fringed threatened while mat-forming water expected to vote on the regulation in the orchid, H. viridis, also infrequent in the hyssop (Bacopa stragula) will be Chris Clampitt area; and cursed crowfoot, Ranunculus Virginia Division of Natural Heritage scleratus, an interesting buttercup removed from the list because it is no which was first recorded in Fauquier County in this wetland. A remarkable Tax Check-off Helps Save Virginia’s Natural Heritage expanse of green dragon, Arisaema Virginians can help preserve the Direct donations to the fund can be dracontium, an unusual wooded state’s threatened natural heritage by made by sending checks (made out to wetlands species related to Jack-in-the- contributing to the Open Space the Open Space Recreation and pulpit, also occurs there. Recreation and Conservation Fund. It’s Conservation Fund) to the Department Rich and diverse wetlands, such as easy to do. Any individual eligible to of Conservation and Recreation, P.O. Carters Run, are becoming extremely receive a Virginia Income Tax refund Box 721, Richmond, VA 23206-0721. scarce in this region of the Piedmont. may designate all or a portion of that As they vanish, the ecosystems which refund for the Open Space Recreation support numerous wonderful plant and and Conservation Fund. The contribution Inside This Issue wildlife communities are also being lost. can be entered on the bottom of the Many areas have been permanently state income tax form. The value of the ruined or altered by development or gift may be taken as a deduction on INSERT . agricultural practices. next year’s Federal Income Tax return. Virginia Wildflower VNPS Registry of Carters Run has The Department of Conservation and Recreation has dedicated seventy-five of the Year 1993 already created a new awareness in Brochure the community of the existence of a percent of the fund for acquisition and valuable county-owned natural area, management of Natural Area Preserves the responsibility for its stewardship, -- habitat for rare species and unique or PAGE 5 . exemplary natural communities. The and the exceptional educational Virginia Wildflower remaining twenty-five percent is Celebration 1993 potential of the site. awarded, as grants, to Virginia localities Jocelyn Arundel Sladen for open space protection and outdoor Calendar of Events Piedmont Chapter recreation. Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society FROM THE PRESIDENT The regional nature of our nine chapters is the strength of the Virginia Native Plant Society. The diversity which results from ideas generated across the state is what drives our Society’s "program." Interest in native plants, wildflowers and habitat protection is paramount with each chapter. Thus, you read in "The Leaflet" from Piedmont Chapter about hedgerows; in "Wild News" from Prince William Wildflower Society about the invasive plant, Polygonum perfoliatum, in Reston and the fear it will soon invade closer to home; in correspondence from South Hampton Roads Chapter how it is aggressively promoting highway beautification projects which use native wildflowers ... All our chapters have their special concerns and projects. The energies which put actions to thoughts come from the variety of our members’ backgrounds. Each chapter has professional "plant people" ... educators, nursery personnel, botanists, landscape architects, etc. We have members in the Division of Natural Heritage, in the Parks and Forest Services, and in other public natural resource agencies. Add a generous portion of people who simply enjoy gardening and all who appreciate nature’s bountiful splendor ... the birders, the wildlife watchers, the habitat protectors. That’s our Society. My point is that the "program" or action of VNPS originates from a suggestion from a member in a chapter, or a member-at-large (no chapter affiliation), or a non¬ member, but a friend of our interests. The members of the VNPS Board are now looking to set some goals for VNPS for the "near range," the next three years. In behalf of the entire Board, I am asking that you tell a member of your chapter’s Board your ideas for the Society. The last planning group discussed many good ideas and resulted in in the Virginia Wildflower of the Year program, our Virginia Site Registry, a paid editor of our Bulletin, and designation of the Virginia Wildflower Celebration, which we are about to enjoy again. There is no time limit for good ideas; so, please share your brainstorms and your concerns, whatever you see as critical for VNPS to persue in the next few years. We have some left-over "long-range” ideas -- a VNPS office with staff, a VNPS journal for research papers, perhaps a Society display garden ... Still dreams. For today though, enjoy these late days of winter and early days of spring. There is a native plant busy growing, blooming and even existing because you have been VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY its advocate. Yes, the effort is worth it, especially when you find the Dutchmen’s FY 1993 BUDGET breeches where you saw them last year or the dogwood buds swelling where the The VNPS Board of Directors has trees still stand because you spoke to protect their habitat. approved the following budget for As for me, the Cecropia moth cocoon is still on the dogwood, next to the fiscal year 1993. Members should sassafras tree which hosted its caterpillar. When May gets here this glorious moth remember that the proposed with a six-inch wingspan will emerge and I’ll be glad all over again that the birds allocations do not wholly reflect brought in the seed of the little sassafras which grows by my sidewalk, which in turn current VNPS priorities, since the was home for the egg laid by last year’s Cecropia. That’s how it works. Society’s budget can’t show I hope you, too, will be enjoying days full of Virginia’s wildflowers and wonders. volunteers’ time or chapter Nicky Staunton expenditures.

INCOME VNPS 1993 Board of Directors Membership dues $11,000 Sales, fees & investments $6,160 Directors Directors-at-Large Donations & contributions $3,700 President Nicky Staunton Nancy Arrington Holly Cruser First Vice-President Chris Clampitt Bob Eubank Cris Fleming INCOME TOTAL $20,860 Second Vice-President James Minogue Chris Sacchi Ken Wieringo Recording Secretary Open EXPENDITURES Corresponding Secretary Liz Smith Chapter Representatives Programs (conservation, Treasurer John White (president except where noted) botany, etc.) $2,440 Blue Ridge Frank Coffey Outreach (education, Committee Chairs Jefferson Gay Bailey publications, etc.) $7,390 Botany Catharine Tucker John Clayton Gale Roberts Administration Conservation Ted Scott Piedmont Effie Fox (membership, Education Tim Williams Jocelyn Arundel Sladen, President correspondence, Fund Raising Open Pocahontas Richard Moss insurance, Membership Phoebo White Potowmack Anne Haynes annual meeting, etc.) $10,969 Publications Mark Gatewood Prince William Nancy Vehrs Shenandoah Michael Hill EXPENDITURE TOTAL $20,799 South Hampton Roads Lee Moomaw Nominating Committee NET INCOME $61 Chair - Open Frank Coffey Doris True Total Assets Beginning FY 1992 Rebecca White Fanny R. Williams (bank account & investments) $15,143

Page 2 March 1993 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Coming Events Clayton’s Work on Exhibit National Trails Day In March 1993, we will have two June 5, 1993 is National Trails Day. chances to celebrate the life and work Organized by the American Hiking of the early 18th-century botanist John Society (AHS), this event is an effort to Clayton. Clayton was clerk of court for raise awareness of the benefits rail Gloucester County, Virginia, but is best trails, urban walking paths, greenways, remembered for collecting plant etc. Timed to commemorate the 25th specimens in the New World. Anniversary of the National Trails Participants will have an opportunity to System Act, the celebration will be used view thirty of the original plant to introduce "Trails for All Americans," a specimens Clayton collected in Virginia. plan to establish a nationwide network These fragile relics of the Virginia of trails, crisscrossing the country. Trails botanist’s work are on loan from the for All Americans would establish a Early Season Features British Museum of Natural History in network of trails and greenways that Crush the dry, brown, seed heads of London. Along with the 500 or more would bring trails to within fifteen wild bergamot, Monarda fistulosa, and pressings still in the Museum, these minutes of most American homes. they will still release the fragrance herbarium specimens are priceless for Thousands of trail clubs will sponsor associated with the lavender flowers in the study of botany and ecological exhibits and trail maintenance hikes on summer. Any part of the dry stems or changes since Colonial days. One June 5. For more information on leaves also retain the aromatic oils that highlight of the travelling collection is a National Trail Day or a free copy of the produce the wonderful, mellow, minty specimen of spring beauty, Claytonia Trails for All Americans plan summary, smell, milder than peppermint. virginica; the genus was coined by Carl contact National Trails Day at 1-800- In winter and early spring, wild Linnaeus to honor Clayton, while the 972-8608. bergamot may be difficult to spot along species speaks of the plant’s origin. field edges or roadsides. All that James Madison University Arboretum Society to Co-Sponsor remains after flowering is a dried calyx will host The John Clayton Exhibition Seminar on invasive Exotics tube, but once you identify the nickel¬ from March 23 through 26. Activities As we continue to study invasive sized, button-shaped heads composed planned include a display of Clayton’s exotic plants, we realize that a very of tightly bunched calyx tubes, more herbarium specimens along with early large portion of them were brought into plants become visible. The square botanical literature and illustrations, and the country for horticultural purposes stems, two- to three- feet high, with lectures by experts on historical botany and, in fact, that this trend continues opposite leaves or branches are typical and John Clayton. For further today. Popular garden writers are of members of the mint family. information on activities planned at JMU, recommending plants that are doing Try adding these seed heads to dry please contact Pam Brock, University enormous harm to native habitats and bouquets indoors for a welcome Relations, (703)-568-6468. the plants indigenous to them. Plans variation on potpourri. Tea can be made The John Clayton specimens will be drawn by professional landscape from seed heads, stems and any on display at the DeWitt Wallace architects continue to call for the use of remaining leaves by steeping in hot Decorative Arts Gallery in Williamsburg some of these plants. The garden water. No cure is promised, but a on March 31 at 7:00 p.m. Dr. Charles writers and landscape architects develop pleasant, relaxing drink results. A pinch Jarvis of the British Museum will give a demand for certain plants; the nurseries from young shoots may be used like lecture at the Gallery at 8:00 p.m. For attempt to meet that demand. The fresh oregano with green beans or other more information on the Williamsburg proliferation of invasive alien plants that vegetables. Since the flower heads are showing, please call 804-220-7554. results is, to a large degree, because terminal, pinching garden plants will those recommending and supplying the cause more profuse branching with the Wetlands / Bayscaping plants and those that use the plants are result of more flower heads. Workshop unaware of their invasive nature. Wild bergamot is a perennial, so A day-long workshop on wetlands In an effort to attack this condition at watch for emerging new leaves at the and bayscaping will be held March 26, its source, the Virginia Native Plant base of last summer’s stems in late 1 993, at Glenns Campus, Society, the Department of Conservation April to May. Since the plants are Rappahannock Community College. The and Recreation — Division of Natural relatively slow-growing, waiting to bloom event will be conducted by the Alliance Heritage, and the Department of until the end of June or early July, it is for the Chesapeake Bay in conjuction Horticulture of Virginia Polytechnic a challenge to identify the young plants with the John Clayton Chapter of VNPS Institute and State University are by their leaves, branching pattern and and others. The Workshop will consist developing a two-day symposium for fragrance. of three speakers in the morning with an garden writers, landscape architects, Catharine Tucker afternoon field trip to salt and fresh nursery staff, and others on the subject Botany Chair water marshes. A $10 fee covers the of invasive exotics. The symposium will seminar, lunch, educational materials, be held at Blacksburg, Virginia, on A copy of the Virginia Wildflower of the and bus trip to Deltaville. Registration August 12-13, 1993. Additional Year 1993 brochure, which describes deadline is March 19. To register, call information may be obtained by calling wild bergamot in the wild and in the Christina Cramer 804-642-2283. 703-231-5783. garden, has been inserted in each issue of this Bulletin that was mailed. If you would like additional copies of this informative brochure, write Virginia Wildflower of the Year Brochure, VNPS, P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22003.

March 1993 Page 3 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Landscaping Workshop VIRGINIA’S RAREST PLANTS Well Received Clematis addisonii, Addison’s Leatherflower Approximately 140 people attended If, in late spring, roadbanks, and even "Landscaping with Native Plants", our you are travelling down in the disturbed rights- 1993 VNPS Winter Workshop, co¬ backroads that wind of-ways of powerlines sponsored by the Lewis Ginter Botanical through the forested and railroad tracks. On Garden and held at the University of hollows of western shady forested slopes Richmond on February 13. Tim Williams, Virginia, you may be several clustered VNPS Education Chair, worked with lucky enough to spot stems may support a representatives of the Botanical Garden the purple-and-cream- few flowers but, where to obtain speakers and make other colored, urn-shaped, canopies open, more arrangements for the symposium. thickened flower of one robust clusters of The first topic, "Why Use Natives?", of Virginia’s endemic stems seem to explode was presented by Darrel Morrison, plant species, Clematis with flowers. Professor in the School of addisonii, Addison’s Threats to Clematis Environmental Design at the University leatherflower. This rare addisonii include of Georgia. Darrel suggested looking to member of the intensive logging, road nature for design techniques and buttercup family, widening projects, showed slides illustrating such principles Ranunculaceae, is grazing and quarrying. as mystery, intricacy of detail, and found on calcareous Based on current pattern. He demonstrated that one slopes of limestone or information, the U.S. important reason for using native plants dolomite and, at a few Clematis addisonii Fish and Wildlife is that they change from season to locations, can be seen Illustrated by Megan G. Rollins Service considers season, giving a landscape continual on the banks of roads Clematis addisonii to interest instead of the sameness of a cut into these slopes. be a candidate for Federal listing as an typical planting of evergreens. A second Since first being identified in 1881, endangered plant. It has also been reason given was that natives give the Clematis addisonii has been found only recommended for State listing as landscape a sense of place so that in the Virginia counties of Montgomery, endangered by the 1989 Botany Georgia looks like Georgia and Virginia Roanoke, Botetourt and Rockbridge. Committee of the Virginia Endangered looks like Virginia. Darrel emphasized Some fourteen or fifteen occurrences of Species Symposium. the need to preserve what’s left of our this species were known before 1992. In Since the Federal Endangered natural areas and to incorporate them 1992, a status survey supported by the Species Act of 1973, as amended, and into man-made designs as often as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Virginia’s Plant and Insect Species Act possible. conducted by the Virginia Department of do not protect listed plant species from Our second speaker, Alex Niemiera, Conservation and Recreation’s Division the actions of private landowners, listing Assistant Professor of Horticulture at of Natural Heritage resulted in five new at the Federal or State level will not Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, discussed occurrences and updated five of the ensure protection for Clematis addisonii. "Native Woody Landscape Plants" for historical sites. Eight of the ten recently All of the populatiohs are on private building the framework of a native plant observed populations are in Montgomery land; only two of the populations are garden. Though many of the plants Alex County and two are in Botetourt County. currently protected, both within The discussed are native to wooded areas, Future survey work may rediscover the Nature Conservancy’s Fails Ridge he explained that they are excellent historical populations in Rockbridge and Nature Preserve, east of Blacksburg in plants for residential and commercial Roanoke Counties. Montgomery County. Educating the landscapes. Most are hardy and easy to Although Clematis addisonii grows private landowners about the grow in various locations and are not on calcareous slopes, other significance of Clematis addisonii and limited to the conditions found in their characteristics of its habitat are varied. It encouraging their cooperation in native habitats. In fact, as his slides has been found on dry, open, rock protecting it will be the keys to the long¬ showed, they fruit and flower better in outcrops, on steep slopes supporting term survival of this rarity. man-made landscapes where they get either predominantly hardwood forests or Nancy E. Van Alstine more light and nutrients. Some of his more open woodlands, in ravines, on Virginia Division of Natural Heritage favorites were bottlebrush buckeye (Aesculus parviflora), native witchhazels (Hamamelis virginiana and H. vernalis), deciduous hollies (Ilex sp.), and oakleaf Can You Contribute Something to Science? hydrangea (H. quercifolia). Robert E. Lyons, Associate If you can contribute seed of Kim Hawks, a residential landscape Professor of Horticulture at Virginia species suitable for roadside plantings designer and owner of Niche Gardens, Tech, is looking for seeds of native (collected from your garden or from the a retail mail order nursery in Chapel Hill, wildflowers. He is working with the wild, observing VNPS’s conservation North Carolina, spoke about "Sunny Virginia Department of Transportation guidelines*) to this project, get in touch Herbaceous Natives." In addition to (VDOT) on their roadside wildflower with Bob Lyons, Department of using wildflowers in the usual beds and program and wants to see more native Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, borders, Kim suggested using them in species in VDOT seed mixes. Lyons VA 24061-0327; (703) 231-5451. foundation plantings, in large peninsular hopes to develop a "Virginia Natives beds that extend from the corners of the Only" mix for experimentation and wants *For a copy of the guidelines send a house, around patios and decks, and in to test the performance of high density SASE to Conservation Guidelines, roadside ditches. Since wildflower plantings of single species of native VNPS, P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA (continued on page 10) wildflowers. 22003.

Page 4 March 1993 ■ Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society— ■ — - - Virginia Wildflower Celebration 1993 The nine chapters of the Virginia Native Plant Society celebrate the rich diversity of the native flora of the Commonwealth each year in April and May. For the next two months, Society members will share their enthusiasm for wild plants and wild places on field trips and wildflower walks, and during garden tours, plant sales, and a variety of other programs throughout the state. You are cordially invited to any of the activities listed below; they are all open to the public. As some events require reservations, fees or additional instructions, use the telephone numbers provided to obtain further information. Virginia Wildflower of the Year 1993, lavender wild bergamot, is a summer bloomer and will not be in flower during our Wildflower Celebration. We will, however, have ample oportunities to learn to identify this indigenous plant by its distinctive foliage and aroma. Propagated plants will be available at chapter plant sales. Calendar of Events

April 3, Saturday. 8:30 a.m. Snow April 18, Sunday. 2:00 p.m. Sweet May 8, Saturday. 9 a.m. to noon. Trillium Walk. Franklin, WV. Jacob Annie’s Hollow Field Trip near Cahas Native Plant Sale. Bethel Lutheran Kagey (Shenandoah) 703-828-3297. Knob Overlook, Blue Ridge Parkway MP Church, Manassas. Nancy Vehrs (Prince 139. Butch Kelly (Blue Ridge) 703-384- William) 703-368-2898. April 4, Sunday. 10:00 a.m. 7429. Appomattox River Field Trip. Frank May 8, Saturday. 2:00 p.m. Great Falls Coffey (Blue Ridge) 804-332-5757. April 23, 24 & 25. Annual Wildflower Walk. Maryland side of the Falls. Marion Pilgrimage of Roanoke Area. Co¬ Lobstein (Prince William) 703-536-7150. April 4, Sunday. 1:00 p.m. Monticello sponsored by Blue Ridge Wildflower Spring Walk. Gay Bailey (Jefferson) Society and the Science Museum of 804-293-8997. May 8, Sat. 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Western Virginia. For more information, Native Plant Sale and Arboretum call the Science Museum 703-342-5710. April 10, Saturday. 2:00 p.m. Woody Activities. Virginia Western Community Plants Identification Workshop. College Arboretum, Roanoke. Rich Randolph-Macon Woman’s College, April 24 & 25. Time: TBA. Garden Crites (Blue Ridge) 703-774-4518. Lynchburg. Dorothy Bliss (Blue Ridge) Tours featuring three wildflower 804-845-5665. gardens. Nancy Vehrs (Prince William) May 8 & 9. Native Plant Sale. Virginia 703-368-2898. Living Museum, Newport News. Jane April 13, Tuesday. Noon. Wildflower Showacre (John Clayton) 804-435-3912. Garden Walk. Colonial Williamsburg. April 25, Sunday. 1:00 p.m. Tour of Gale Roberts (John Clayton) 804-229- Two Members’ Gardens. Gay Bailey May 9, Sunday. Time: TBA. Sugarloaf 7213. (Jefferson) 804-293-8997. Mountain Hike. Gay Bailey (Jefferson) 804-293-8997. April 14, Wednesday. 7:30 p.m. April 25, Sunday. 1:00 p.m. Reddish Gardening with Wildflowers Program. Knob Field Trip. Jacob Kagey May 12, Wednesday. 7:30 p.m. Branchlands Manor House, (Shenandoah) 703-828-3297. Wildflower Primer Slide Presentation. Charlottesville. Gay Bailey (Jefferson) Branchlands Manor House, 804-293-8997. April 25 through May 9. Trillium Charlottesville. Gay Bailey (Jefferson) Display at G. Richard Thompson 804-293-8997. April 17, Saturday. 2:00 p.m. Flowering Plants Identification Workshop. WMA. Linden. For directions, plant lists, etc., call Jocelyn Arundel Sladen Randolph-Macon Woman’s College, May 14, 15 & 16. Wintergreen (Piedmont) 703-349-3248. Lynchburg. Dorothy Bliss (Blue Ridge) Wildflower Symposium including 804-845-5665. Jefferson Chapter Plant Sale. Gay May 1, Saturday. 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Bailey (Jefferson) 804-293-8997. April 17, Saturday. 2:30 p.m. Bus Trip to Thompson WMA. For Riverbend Park Wildflower Walk. registration information, call Donna Ware May 14 & 15. Native Plant Sale. Marion Lobstein (Prince William) 703- (John Clayton) 804-565-0657. Virginia Living Museum, Newport News. 536-7150. Jane Showacre (John Clayton) 804-435- May 1, Saturday. 10:00 a.m. Point of 3912. April 18, Sunday. 10:00 a.m. Great Rocks Park Walk. Richard Moss Falls Park Wildflower Walk. Marion (Pocahontas) 804-748-2940. May 16, Sunday. 10:00 a.m. Great Lobstein (Prince William) 703-536-7150. Falls Park Wildflower Walk. Marion May 2, Saturday. 2:00 p.m. Thompson Lobstein (Prince William) 703-536-7150. April 18, Sunday. 2:30 p.m. Balls Bluff WMA Walk. Marion Lobstein (Prince Wildflower Walk. Marion Lobstein William) 703-536-7150. (Prince William) 703-536-7150. May 22, Saturday. Time: TBA. Smith Mountain Lake Field Trip. Frank April 18, Sunday. 1:00 p.m. Wildflower May 2, Sunday. Time: TBA. Bent Coffey (Blue Ridge) 804-332-5757. Walk along the James River. Gay Mountain Field Trip. Frank Coffey Bailey (Jefferson) 804-293-8997. (Blue Ridge) 804-332-5757. May 24, Monday. 7:00 p.m. "Rare and Endangered Species of Virginia" Talk April 18, Sunday. 2:00 p.m. Shagbark May 6, Thursday. Get Acquainted by Dr. Duncan Porter. Center in the Woods Field Trip. Hampton. Pat Picnic. Doswell. Richard Moss Square, Roanoke. Frank Coffey (Blue Baldwin (John Clayton) 804-838-2064. (Pocahontas) 804-748-2940. Ridge) 804-332-5757.

March 1993 Page 5 - Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society — Events of Interest -- Spring/Summer 1993 Plant ID Courses Regional Calendar The following plant identification John Clayton Exhibitions classes are being offered by VNPS March 23-26, 1993 member Marion Lobstein at the Sonner Hall, James Madison University. Manassas Campus of NVCC: Harrisonburg, VA. FMI: 703-433-0163. April 5-17, BIO 295-72M Topics in Spring Wildflowers (1 credit); March 31, 1993 July 26-29, BIO 295-01M Special DeWitt Wallace Gallery. Williamsburg, Topics - Forest Ecology; VA. FMI: 804-220-7554. July 26-29, BIO 295-02M Special (See page 3 for related article.) Topics -- Summer Wildflowers. For further information regarding these courses contact, Marion Blois Lobstein, Wetlands & Bayscaping Associate Professor of Biology, NVCC- Workshop Manassas, 703-257-6643 (Prince William March 26, 1993 Additional Tours Co.); 703-323-3000 Manassas ext. 6643 Glenns Campus, Rappahannock VNPS members Marion Lobstein and (Metro area). Community College. Glenns, VA. Cris Fleming will be conducting One course will be taught by Sponsored by the Alliance for wildflower viewing trips for other area Lobstein at Blandy Experimental Farm Chesapeake Bay, in conjunction with the organizations. near Winchester: John Clayton Chapter of VNPS and June 28-July 15, EVEC 493/793 others. Registration deadline March 19. Natural History Tour Field Botany (3 credits). FMI: Christina Cramer 804-642-2283. On May 8, Marion Lobstein will be For further information, call Blandy Farm (See page 3 for related article.) doing two tours of Linden (Thompson 703-837-1758. WMA) for the Virginia Museum of The USDA Graduate School will be Wintergreen Spring Natural History. Contact the Museum at offering the following courses taught by 703-666-8615 for registration VNPS member Cris Fleming: Wildflower Symposium information. April 13-June 15, Spring Wildflower May 14, 15 & 16, 1993 Identification (9 lectures and Wintergreen Resort. Wintergreen, VA. RAP Programs 3 fieldtrips); Limited to 300 participants so register July 6-27, Summer Wildflowers. early. FMI: Lorrie Knies 804-325-2200 Lobstein also will be conducting the Ext. 992. following Smithsonian Resident For information on the USDA Graduate Associate Program (RAP) tours: School courses, call 202-447-4419. April 25, National Arboretum; Maryland Native Plant May 2, Linden (Thompson WMA) Society - Eastern Shore and Blandy Farm; Field Meeting June 19, Shenandoah National Park. May 15 & 16, 1993 Cris Fleming will be leading the Weekend outings and discussion of the following RAP tours: formation of a Coastal Plain Chapter. April 3 and April 18, FMI: Sue Mclninch 410-745-9620. Wildflowers along C&O Canal; June 27, Dyke Marsh; July 17, Jug Bay Sanctuary; National Trails Day August 1, Summer Wildflowers. June 5, 1993 For information on Smithsonian RAP Organized by the American Hiking programs, call 202-357-3030. Society (AHS). FMI: NTD, 1776 Massachusetts Ave., NW Suite 240, Washington, DC 20036; 1-800-972-8608. ANS Programs (See page 3 for related article.) VNPS member Cris Fleming will be offering the following programs and classes through the Audubon Naturalist Invasive Exotics Seminar Society (ANS): August 12 & 13, 1993 March 27, Early Spring Wildflowers VPI&SU. Blacksburg, VA. at Turkey Run; Co-Sponsored by VNPS, Virginia April 22-24, Mountain Lake and Division of Natural Heritage, and VT Synders Landing; Department of Horticulture. FMI: 703- April 25-May 2, Great Smokey Mts. 231-5783. Spring Wildflower Study; (See page 3 for related article.) May 20-23, Western Maryland Nature Preserve; VNPS Annual Meeting June 10-12, Suitland Bog; September 17-19, 1993 July 22-24, Wetland Plant Hosted by Prince William Wildflower Identification. Society. Please plan to bring your whole For information on ANS programs, call family to this fun, educational weekend. 301-652-9188 Ext. 3006. (See page 8 for related article.)

Page 6 March 1993 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Why are Plant Names ALWAYS Changing? Derivation of lliamna (lliamna corei, Peter's mountain mallow, Botanists are fortunate that plant Take, for example, Jeffersonia [pictured below] is listed as Endangered in names (in Latin) are standard diphylla (L.) Persoon. Persoon refers to Virginia.) throughout the world and in all C. H. Persoon’s view of Linneaus’ languages. However, with this twinflower. Linneaus originally named standardization comes rules for naming the plant. Later, Persoon changed the plants, and these rules sometimes genus name to Jeffersonia to reflect its cause plant names to change. relationship to the other members of the The rules for plant names are set by barberry family. This change has been the International Botanical Congress accepted by the International Botanical which meets every three years. The Congress and is no longer questioned. basic rules in the International Code of Bending the Rules Botanical Nomenclature are simple. For Although not yet accepted by all, a plant name to be valid: most orchid experts now use "new" 1. The name must be published. scientific names. Habenaria has become The name lliamna was proposed by 2. The plant must be described, in Platanthera and Orchis is now Galearis. E. L. Greene for a genus of Malvaceae. botanical Latin, when the name is Linnaeus described two genera of Ira Wiggins, who monographed the published. orchids in 1753. All our native orchids genus in 1936 stated, "The name is of 3. The earliest valid name after 1753 were originally included in the genus Greek derivation, but the significance is (the year Linneaus wrote Species Orchis, which covered the temperate uncertain." Plantarum) is the correct name for a terrestrial orchids. The genus In my Flora of Colorado: Western plant. Epidendrum included all the tropical Slope, I (Weber) wrote, "Name not It is this third rule that causes most epiphytic orchids. explained, but probably not of Greek changes in plant names. If a validly As more orchids were discovered origin as usually supposed. In Alaska published name is found in an obscure and the relationship between them there are a Mount lliaminsk and a Lake journal that predates another (in some became better understood, the two lliamna, possibly named by Russian cases by only one day), than the earlier original genera were divided into explorers, [lliamna does not occur in name is the only correct name, and the smaller, better defined genera. In 1805, Alaska.] Another suggested explanation name that had been in common usage C. L. Willdenow split off the genus from Paul Fryxell, Malvaceae specialist, must be discarded. Habenaria from Orchis. L. C. Richard is Greek, ilyos, mud, + Latin, amnis, Sometimes, as more is learned then split Habenaria into two genera, river, but Greene [being a classical about the relationships between plants, Habenaria and Platanthera, in 1818. scholar] would never stoop to mixing the genera of a plant is changed to These two genera are based on two classical languages!" (Or would he?) more accurately portray our knowledge differences in the arrangement of pollen Greene was fiercely independent of the plant. In this type of name in the flowers. All of our rein orchids and iconoclastic, had many enemies, change, only the genera is changed; the were put into the genus Platanthera. and carried on feuds with other species name remains constant. This The plants remaining in Habenaria are botanists. Being a fluent classical type of name change is much less all tropical in distribution. scholar and eager to confound his frequent and is often open to In 1833, C. S. Rafinesque created botanical critics, he may have set others interpretation and debate. This is why the genus Galearis for our native showy into seeking a classical derivation of a the author’s name is included after the orchid. It does not fit into the current name that does not have classical roots. plant’s name in botanical texts. genus Orchis (which is limited to Dictionary of Alaska Place Names Europe) because it lacks tubers and by Donald J. Orth, USGS Prof. Paper because of differences in the 567, 1967, reported, "According to G. C. arrangement of the anthers. Martin, USGS, lliamna is said to be the Although these names have been in name of a mythical great blackfish, existence for over 150 years, they have supposed to inhabit this lake, which not been universally recognized. With bites holes in the bidarkas (boats) of the publication of The Native Orchids of bad natives." One suspects this to be the United States and Canada by the kind of reply given by local people Carlyle Luer, in 1975, these names and to a stupid question asked by a non¬ genera distinctions have become native researcher. accepted by orchid experts. Thanks to Dr. Lydia Black, Professor Although these name changes are at the University of Alaska, the naming accepted by the authorities on orchids, problem has been solved. She writes, the International Code of Botanical "The name iliamna is a Russian version Nomenclature does not require us to of the Dena’ina name Nilamna. The use or accept the changes. Indeed, the term derives from two words, nila for two most recent works which cover the "islands" and yana for "lake" (islands in Virginia flora, Atlas of the Virginia the lake) ... Why Greene named the Flora -- 3rd ed. by Harvill, et al., and genus (that) I have no idea at all." Manual of Vascular Plants - 2nd ed. by lliamna was on the maps of Alaska. Gleason and Cronquist, continue to use Greene certainly had access to them. I Orchis and Habenaria. Thus, Habaneria (Weber) believe Greene was just putting ciliaris and Platanthera ciliaris are one his critics on! and the same. William A. Weber & Paul Fryxell Tim Williams (Excerpted from Aquilegia, newsletter of the Education Chair Colorado Native Plant Society, March 1992)

March 1993 Page 7 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society For Your Library Landscaping with Wildflowers: An them. The second describes the Environmental Approach to characteristics and species of specific Gardening by Jim Wilson (1992; plant communities. Section three Houghton Mifflin Co.; $35) This book delivers ecological advice to gardeners. shows gardeners in every area of the The fourth part covers botanical country how to use suitable native nomenclature and plant identification. plants, appropriately and imaginatively. Wilson, a host of the PBS TV show The Genetics and Conservation of Rare Victory Garden, addresses each of the Plants edited by Donald A. Falk and major types of wildflower landscaping -- Kent E. Holsinger (1991; Oxford woodland garden, meadow, damp and University Press, 2001 Evans Road, wet spots, etc., including gardens for Cary, NC 27513; $49.95 plus $2.55 Notable Updated Editions attracting birds and butterflies. A s&h) According to Peter Raven, Director Atlas of the Virginia Flora (Third detailed list of nurseries which obtain of Missouri Botanical Garden, this is the Edition) by A.M. Harvill, et al. (1992; their plants in an ecologically secure first book-length treatment of the subject Virginia Botanical Associates, Route 1, manner is included. of rare plant biology and conservation. It Box 63, Dukesvile, VA 23922; $11 is the result of the 1989 conference, paper, $12 spiral, plus $1.48 s&h). The Environmental Gardener conducted by the Center for Plant published by Brooklyn Botanical Garden Conservation, which focused on the Flora of West Virginia by P. D. (1992; BBG, 100 Washington Ave., biology and conservation of rare plants. Strausbaugh & Earl L. Core (1992; Brooklyn, NY 11225; $6.95 includes Conservation recommendations are Seneca Books, Rt. 6 Box 81-B, shipping & handling) In the usual BBG integrated with current knowledge of the Morgantown, WV 26503; $40 plus $2 handbook format, The Environmental genetics and population biology of rare s&h) Since wild plants don’t respect Gardener is a collection of papers plants. arbitrary boundaries, the reprinting of centering around a theme: in this case, this informative, frequently requested reversing the loss of biological diversity Requiem for a Lawnmower by Sally manual is greatly welcomed by native by recreating native plant communities Wasorski (1992; Taylor Publishing Co.; plant enthusiasts in Virginia. in gardens. $15.95) This book of essays, by a landscape designer and member of the Botany For Gardeners by Brian Capon Gardening with Native Wild Flowers Native Plant Society of Texas, provides (1991. Timber Press, Inc.; $15) This by Samuel B. Jones, Jr. and Leonard E. useful information and humorous worthwhile text is now available in Foote (1990; Timber Press, Inc.; $32.95) insights on gardening with native plants. paperback. This book provides detailed information Emphasis is on low-maintenance on which native plants to choose and landscapes and the creation of habitats Seeds of Woody Plants in North practical advice on how to use them in for indigenous plants and wildlife. America by James A. and Cheryl G. the garden and in landscapes. It covers Young (1992; Timber Press, Inc.; more than 1000 species of herbaceous WOW!: The Wonders of Wetlands by $49.95). plants, native to the eastern and mid- Britt Eckhardt Slattery (1992; western United States. Environmental Concern Education Wildflower Handbook (Second Edition) Department, P.O. Box P, St. Michaels, published by the National Wildflower Growing and Propagating Showy MD 21663; $12 includes s&h) This 160- Research Center (1992; NWRC Book Woody Native Plants by Dick Bir page book is a comprehensive wetlands Orders, 2600 FM 972 North, Austin, TX (1992; University of North Carolina curriculum supplement for K-12 78725; $15.95 includes s&h). Press, P.O. Box 2288, Chapel Hill, NC educators. It is full of ideas for projects 27515; $18.95) Bir is a former director to conserve, enhance and restore Americus Naturalis: Inventory of of the Cullowhee conference on wetlands in the local community. Virginia Flora (Second Edition) landscaping with native plants and (EC educators offer teacher training compiled by Richard Clelland (1992; Extension Horticulture Specialist at workshops to help classroom teachers, Artemis Publications, 10922 Alta Vista NCSU. His manual is a practical, hands- outdoor education instructors, and others Court, Fairfax, VA 22030; $15 plus $2 on guide to propagating and cultivating utilize the guide to its fullest potential. s&h) The goal of this inventory is to southeastern native trees and shrubs Contact EC for more information.) provide a comprehensive, convenient that have ornamental appeal. Flower, reference resource of native and fruit, foliage, twig and bark A Child’s Book of Wildflowers by M. naturalized vascular plants of the characteristics are described and A. Kelly. Illustrated by Joyce Powzyk. Commonwealth. It includes less well depicted for more than ninety species. (1992; Four Winds Press; $15.95) This known plant forms (e.g., mosses, appealing book introduces more that two mushrooms, hornworts, liverworts, Field and Forest: A Guide to Native dozen widespread wildflowers by their diatoms) as well as the more Landscapes for Gardeners and common and Latin names. A watercolor conspicuous and better known plant Naturalists by Jane Scott (1992; Walker brings each plant vividly to life; the brief forms (e.g., trees and wildflowers). & Co.; $24.95) This easy-to-read book text adds depth to the description and Incorporated within the text are 250 attempts to give an ecological overview tells something of the plant’s history and plant families, 1038 genera, and nearly of the landscape of eastern North folklore. Suggested activities invite 3100 species, subspecies and varieties. America and the species involved, as readers to explore on their own -- watch The common or traditional names well as guidance in gardening with for nocturnal moths on evening applied to each genus and species are native plants. The first section covers primrose, wash their hands with included. This inventory includes many natural succession and plant bouncing Bet, or paint with the juice of species whose exact distributions in communities, and man’s impact on pokeweed berries. Virginia are unknown.

Page 8 March 1993 - Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society

Ozark River Basin at least since 1840 FROM NEAR AND FAR but the plants had always been Realized Recommendations removal of a blossom for positvie regarded as escapes from cultivation. Samuel B. Jones, co-author of identification) but, even if no lasting Through life cycle and environmental Gardening with Native Wild Flowers, harm is done to a plant, a harmful studies, and enzyme and genetic promotes the understanding of natural message is sent to onlookers. Those analyses, it has been established that landscapes and "Native Plants for who ought to be setting the best the wild plants are the progenitors of Roadside Use in the Southeast" in example for others may set the worst zucchini and acorn squash. Perennial Plants, Autumn 1992. example, undermining the work of park Archaeological excavations in the Roadside management techniques and naturalists. State, local and national Ozarks have shown that, in addition to design considerations based on sound parks go to great lengths to indoctrinate C. pepo, sunflower, marshelder and biological and ecological principles need visitors with the "Take Only Pictures" chenopod had been domesticated 4000 to be appreciated at the managerial ethic/ The number of people out on years ago. level with an understanding extended to natural lands has become too large for Viral News tractor drivers and spray truck operators. the cumulative effects of minor damage American Horticulturist, Jan. 1993, Management options suggested to delay to remain unnoticeable. Think notes that researchers at Roche Institute natural plant succession include: annual conscientiously about whether any of Molecular Biology have made a burning in parts of the Coastal Plain, snipping you do is absolutely necessary, synthetic form of a virus that attacks the mowing after desired plants set seed, whether you are willing to have others chestnut blight fungus. Naturally- and spot treatment with herbicides. witness you, and whether you would be occurring viruses can weaken the blight Consider roadside "beautification" willing to have others, especially those fungus so that it is no longer capable of projects which display wildflowers grown with less ability to distinguish rare from killing trees but the native viruses have from seed gathered hundreds of miles common plants, imitate your behaviour. been slow to spread because over 100 away and sown in rectangular strips; Life Giving News different strains of chestnut blight are they are neither naturalistic nor do they James A. Duke, renowned known, each with its own specific virus. contain well adapted plants. Indigenous consultant on medicinal plants, reports in It is hoped that the synthetic virus will species from local seed sources are Coltsfoot, November 1992, that a disperse readily and not be strain recommended. Ten, adaptable, attractive sample of needles from eastern yew, specific. shrubs and small trees that might be Taxus canadensis, sent to the National Who Pays? utilized along highways from southern Cancer Institute was found to contain For several years, a state agency Virginia to northern Florida are nearly six times more of the cancer¬ has attempted to add a tax to each suggested along with ten native fighting compound, taxol, than western nursery plant sold in Florida to generate herbaceous perennials, including Virginia yew bark. Needles harvested in funds to be used to control invasive Wildflower 1993, wild bergamot. moderation won’t kill the trees as exotic plants. Agency officials argue that Setting a Good Example stripping the bark does. the nursery industry should pay because Sally White of the Colorado Native Squash Survivor Identified they grew and marketed the plants in Plant Society’s Conservation Committee As reported in Smithsonian the past. The Florida Nurserymen and reminds native plant enthusiasts to Institution Research Reports, Autumn Growers Association, Inc. believes practice what they preach in Aquilegia, 1992, archaeologists have located one current growers should not be forced to September 1992. Consider how your of the five species of Cucurbita that pay for past actions as they were treatment of plants on public lands were introduced to European settlers of perceived as proper at that time; affects the people, as well as the plants, North America by the American Indians species were often introduced by around you. Most plants aren’t seriously growing in the wild. Cucurbita pepo government agencies and recommended damaged by minor losses (such as the ozarkana has been collected from the by university officials.

See the address label for your membership’s expiration date. The Bulletin is published four times a year VNPS Membership/Renewal Form (March, May, August, November) by Name(s) Virginia Native Plant Society Address P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22003 (703) 368-9803 Citv State Zip Nicky Staunton, President _Individual $15 _Family $25 _Student $10 Virginia Klara Nathan, Editor _Patron $50 _Sustaining $100 _Life $400 Barbara Stewart, Artist Associate (group) $40; delegate Original material contained in the Bulletin may be reprinted, provided To give a gift membership: Enclose dues, name and address. credit is given to the author, if named. Readers are invited to send letters, 1 wish to make an additional contribution to VNPS Chapter news items, or original articles for the editor's consideration. They should be in the amount of $10 $25 $50 $100 $ typed (double spaced, please) or sent _Check here if you do not wish your name _Check here if you do not wish as a DOS text file to tfie Editor at to be exchanged with similar organizations. to be listed in a chapter directory Rt. 3 Box 119-F, Floyd, VA 24091. Make check payable to VNPS and mail to: The deadline for the next issue is VNPS Membership Chair, Route 1, Box 381, Delaplane, VA 22025 April 10.

March 1993 Page 9 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Landscaping Workshop Society Presents (continued from page 4) Chapter News meadows are artificial situations that are Leader Lost Exhibit difficult to establish and maintain in our South Hampton Roads Chapter VNPS President Nicky Staunton, area, she suggested making cultivated has again suffered a great misfortune, Conservation Chair Ted Scott, and flower gardens that look like meadows. the death of Bunny Morgan, their newly member Faith Campbell developed a She showed slides of native species for elected co-president. Lee Moomaw has display on invasive exotics for the wet areas, for dry spots, for birds and assumed the full responsibilities of the poster session at the national meeting butterflies, and for fall color. She presidency of the Chapter. suggested an interesting design concept; of the Society of American Foresters in using tall "see-through" plants, such as Richmond, last October. Ted and Nicky Rudbeckia maxima, for interest at the brought handouts and talked with front of a border instead of always putting foresters from around the country about tall plants behind everything else. the Society’s program to control invasive Our final program was "Gardening in exotic plants. Faith prepared the the Woods" presented by Jan Midgley, exhibit’s text, which will be printed in the wildflower grower and owner of meeting proceedings. Wildflower, a nursery in Rockville, Maryland. Jan discussed trees, shrubs, perennials, ferns and one ornamental Mark Your Calendar grass, northern sea oats (Chasmanthium The 1993 VNPS Annual Meeting latifolium) for shady gardens. For dry will be held Friday, September 17, shade, probably the most difficult through Sunday, September 19, in condition a gardener encounters, she northern Virginia. Prince William recommended pussytoes (Antennaria In the News Wildflower Society will be hosting plantaginifolia), white wood aster (A Shenandoah Chapter members Bob this year’s event, which promises to divaricatus), white snakeroot (Eupatorium Glasgow and Steven Cray were cited in be exciting one. fistulosum), and may apple (Podophyllum the January, 1993, issue of Natural A variety of interesting fieldtrips peltatum). Jan cautioned the audience History for identifying and protecting the are being planned along with special about buying plants that have been wild- Cow Knob salamander, a unique activities for children. Manassas collected and said that pink lady’s amphibian whose range is limited to the Holiday Inn has been reserved for slippers offered in mail order catalogs are our banquet Saturday night. Rooms always wild-collected; trilliums are usually Shenandoah Mountains near the Virginia-West Virginia line. will be available at reduced rates. wild-collected, though there are a few Friday night, VNPS charter sources of propagated plants. Jan also Chapter members Jacob Kagey and member Marion Lobstein, who is shared many propagation tips. Anne Nielsen, who is Director of the Blue Ridge Community College Associate Professor of Biology at While we are very pleased that our Arboretum, were featured in a WVPT Northern Virginia Community first horticulture-related workshop and our television episode of Virginia Outdoors. College, will speak on "Exchange of first joint venture was so well attended, Chapter members have helped develop Plants between the Old World and we are indeed sorry that some of our the Arboretum which is in Weyers Cave. the New." members missed the registration Piedmont’s "Virginia Wildflowers," a If you have suggestions for the deadline. I will send a copy of the newspaper feature appearing monthly in meeting weekend or are interested program and my notes to anyone who two local newspapers, has attracted in assisting on the planning was turned away. Drop me a note at much favorable attention. Chapter committee, please call Nancy P.O. Box 462, Manassas, VA 22110. members submit the text and Herwig at 703-745-2328. This is Nancy Arrington photographs for a spotlighted Wildflower your meeting. Please plan to attend. Horticulture Coordinator of the Month.

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A publication of the VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Conserving wild flowers and wild places Board Makes Plans VNPS Annual Meeting Weekend After the March VNPS Board meeting, current Board members, plus several past September 17-19 in Manassas Board members and other invited guests, Even though it’s still Spring, begin making your plans to attend our VNPS Annual participated in a two-day retreat at Peak of Meeting Weekend, September 17-19 in Northern Virginia. Our host chapter, the Prince Otter Lodge to address short-range William Wildflower Society, is already preparing a wide variety of events for us to enjoy. planning for the Society. Our goal was to As in the past, a Friday evening social hour followed by a special program will kick-off identify priorities for Board action during the Weekend. PWWS botany chair Marion Blois Lobstein will present a talk and slides on the next three years. "The Exchange of Plants between the Old World and the New", at the Manassas Campus Six issues were discussed: VNPS of the Northern Virginia Community College. annual meeting; winter workshop and other Saturday there will be something for everybody — field trips, speakers, and other state-wide activities; publications; activities for native plant enthusiasts at all levels of botanical expertice and physical ability, children’s programs; relations with including captivating activities for our children. Outings will take us to national, state, nurseries; and fund-raising. Participants county and city parks to view the splendor of Autumn in the Commonwealth. Additional walks and workshops will be held on Sunday. broke into small groups to brainstorm on the different issues. Each subgroup then Expect an especially lively time Saturday evening as we conduct our first live auction and host a multi-talented guest speaker, North Carolina naturalist Doug Elliott. If you’ve reported back to the entire group, presenting several action goals for each never seen and heard Elliott spin a tale, you’re in for an entertaining, yet informative, treat. This keynote speaker knows how to hold an audience. area. At the final session, the goals were prioritized for action in 1993, 1994 or 1995, Make your plans now to join in on the fun with Society members from all parts of and different participants took responsibility Virginia during the VNPS Annual Meeting Weekend. Details concerning activities, accomodations and the banquet will be covered in the next for carrying through on 1993 action goals. Bulletin. Among the 1993 action goals agreed upon were: continuing the mid-September, First Live Auction Needs Your Support two-day Annual Meeting format, but Before the auctioneer can open the bidding at our Annual Meeting Auction, making major changes in the auction; he must have the merchandise. What among your nature related treasures are continuing the winter workshop in you willing to part with for the good of VNPS to support its education and conjunction with the Lewis Ginter Botanical conservation programs? Garden; identifying all Society publications Auction Chair Martha Slover needs generous contributions to make this by displaying the VNPS logo prominently; important Society fund-raiser a success. Chapters are encouraged to contact developing several educational papers, local businesses (galleries, restaurants, nurseries, garden centers, etc.) for including a guide to tree identification for substantial auction donations. youth leaders, a guide to leading botanical If during the course of the year, in anticipation of the traditional silent auction, field trips, and a guide to leading field trips you’ve set aside a few smaller items to donate to VNPS, send them along, too. for families with young children. Depending on the contributions, our professional auctioneer may combine several Board members Cris Fleming and items to be bid on as a package, or a silent auction will be conducted in Catharine Tucker assisted President Nicky conjunction with the live bidding. Staunton in organizing and leading the If you have donations or questions about the new auction format, please call planning session. Participants agreed that Martha Slover at 703-754-2328. Your generosity will add to the fun. an annual planning retreat would be very useful, and considerable enthusiasm was voiced for a planning retreat next year. Cris Fleming Di recto r-at-Large Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society- DEQ Opens for Business FROM THE PRESIDENT The Department of Environmental "Spring Beauty" in Virginia Quality (DEQ), Virginia’s approach to Several years ago when Claytonia virginica was environmental management for the 21st VNPS Virginia Wildflower of the Year, I read The century, began operations April 1, 1993. Great Forest, John Clayton and Flora written by DEQ consolidates Virginia’s regulatory VNPS member Harriet Frye. This little book allowed programs for air, water and waste me to travel with John Clayton of Gloucester management and expands crucial activities County, Virginia, as he located and identified floral such as planning, policy development, and records in our young state during the 18th century. public outreach. Clayton pressed his specimen plants and DEQ will focus on improving public identified them using Ray’s method. The specimens service and enhancing the quality of the were shipped to Mark Catesby at Oxford to be environment. The agency’s top priorities included in his Natural History of Carolina, Florida will be: and the Bahama Islands. To determine identity of Increasing the effectiveness of some, they were sent to Gronovius. Carl Linneaus environmental decisions through enhanced met Gronovius and they shared recomposing pollution prevention, coordinated Clayton’s descriptions following the newly published emergency responses, and comprehensive Linnaean method. Linneaus named some newly identified plants after John Clayton; policy analysis; Claytonia virginica was the name given to a small spring ephemeral plant found in Virginia. Improving the efficiency of environ¬ Currently, the Clayton Herbarium has been partially reassembled at the British Museum mental permitting through establishing of Natural History in London by Drs. James L. Reveal and Norlyn Bodkin, who compiled regional offices in Woodbridge, Hampton the collection from the millions of herbarium sheets in the Museum. Dr. Bodkin, Director Roads, Roanoke, Lynchburg, of the James Madison University Arboretum, in Harrisonburg, Virginia, following his interest Harrisonburg, Abingdon, and Richmond; in taxonomy, traveled to the British Museum where he was inspired to bring some of The Department is currently seeking a Clayton’s herbarium specimens to Virginia. Dr. Charles Jarvis of the Museum personally central location in Richmond to house the carried the invaluable relics throughout his flight to American in a cardbord box on his lap. consolidated staff from the Departments of These herbarium specimens were exhibited for several days in March during The John Waste Management and Air Pollution Clayton Celebration at JMU. Then Dr. Jarvis and the pressed plants travelled to Control, and the Council on the Williamsburg where the specimens were exhibited at the DeWitt Wallace Gallery and an Environment. evening lecture was presented. Stregthening public outreach and par¬ Members of Shenandoah and John Clayton chapters were fortunate to be close by for ticipation, with the goal of promoting public the events. Some VNPS members from farther away to took a day to visit the "doings.M involvement in Virginia’s environmental The John Clayton Society prepared an interesting seminar by Dr. Jarvis and Dr. Reveal decision making, by providing more oppor¬ in Harrisonburg. The exhibit of herbarium plants, botanical prints by Mark Catesby and tunities for input by citizens and groups. George Ehret, and books from the 1700s were inspirational. DEQ is responsible for a broad range On March 25, the 200 year old Claytonia virginica specimen was waiting for my of Virginia’s environmental priorities, adulation. The little plant was worthy of all the attention it received! We noticed color including compliance with the Clean Air pigment remaining ... a decorative technique of display on the herbarium sheet... hand¬ Act, clean up of the Chesapeake Bay and written notes by John Clayton ... and more recent addenda by Dr. Reveal which heighten Virginia’s rivers, regulation of landfills, and our knowledge and appreciation of all thirty specimens. It was a truly inspirational day with recycling. the experience heightened by an 18th century dinner, exciting company, and period music. Give a Gift of Spring Reflecting on the opportunity brought to Virginians by Dr. Bodkin and the John Clayton Society brings to my mind contemporary students as they collect plants for botany classes. Springtime is a perfect These classes will produce the botanists of tomorrow, some of whom will find plants time to give VNPS gift previously undocumented for a region. They will conduct inventories to document memberships to ensure that occurences, identifying where certain plants are declining or growing rampant. friends and family enjoy the During the recent short-term planning by the VNPS Board, education was among our many wonderful activities top priorities, as it is with the new Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ, available to VNPS formerly the Environmental Council of Virginia). Recognizing the importance of botany in members. Just fill in the our survival, VNPS intends to identify the most effective way to encourage this area of membership form on page 7 instruction, both in our Society and through educational opportunities in schools, and send a check to the organizations and families. We hope our work will meld with DEQ efforts. Membership Chair. Add a As I do every spring, I search for the solitary Claytonia virginica which has survived my note to indicate that the inhospitable urban lot. It is still there —tiny, gorgeous, pale pink with darker pink stripes. membership is a gift so that It speaks to me asking to be moved to a more suitable spot so it might multiply and a gift card will be sent to populate the earth. Today! your fortunate friends. From now on, whenever I shall see this solitary little friend, or its cousins in the millions Check the map and list on at Bull Run Regional Park or another woodland in Virginia, I shall remember the botanical page 8 for the locations of pioneer John Clayton and say "Thank you.” from my heart. the various VNPS chapters. Nicky Staunton

Page 2 May 1993 ..Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Events of Interest — Summer 1993 Wildflower Weekends Wetland Plant Course May 14-16. Shenandoah National Park A two-day intensive course "Wetland Wildflower Weekend. FMI: Joy Stiles 703- Plant Identification for Northeastern 999-2243. Virginia" will be held at Northern Virginia May 20-23. West Virginia Wildflower Community College, Woodbridge Campus, Pilgrimage. Blackwater Falls State Park. on June 11 & 12. The course is primarily Davis, WV. FMI: Maxine Scarboro 304- field oriented but will also review plant 558-3370. characteristics used in identification. Landscape Conferences Excursions are planned to non-tidal wetlands and fresh-brackish tidal wetlands. June 24-26. Native Plants in the Spring ephemerals like bloodroot and The instructor, William S. Sipple, has over Landscape Conference in Millersville, PA. trillium are in full bloom in the mountains, 20 years of experience in wetlands work FMI: FM Mooberry, 106 Spottswood Lane, foothills and valleys in May. But along the and is the author of the EPA’s wetland Kennett Square, PA 19348; 215-444-5495. roadsides and in fence corners and delineation manual. The cost is $120 and July 21-24. Landscaping with Native clearings, the summer-blooming flowers the course is worth one and two-tenths Plants Conference in Cullowhee, NC. FMI: are just sprouting. Among all the new CEUs. For registration information, inquire Sue Debord, Division of Continuing green shoots, can you pick out the square about ENVR 921-01W at 703-878-5756. Education, Western Carolina University, stems and thumbnail-size opposite leaves Cullowhee, NC 28723; 701-227-7397. Nature Camp for Adults with short petioles that may be wild (These annual conferences fill up quickly Through most of its activities, Nature bergamot, Virginia Wildflower of the Year 1993? so reserve your space early.) Camp, operated by the Virginia Federation A perennial, lavender wild bergamot Eco-Literacy Conference of Garden Clubs, provides educational experiences in environmental education sends up its first shoots in May and early The Fourth Annual Conference for June, looking nearly indistinguishable from and conservation for young people, this Environmental Literacy will be held June other mints. But its scent when crushed is summer an adult session entitled 23-25, 1993 at the Cascades Conference readily identifiable, a "wilder" fragrance Center in Colonial Williamsburg. The "Mountain Ecology Workshop — The Essence of Water" will be held August 20- than peppermint. conference brings together educators and Bergamot also tends to grow on drier 24 in Vesuvius, Virginia. Sessions include communicators from schools, sites than peppermint, the Old World Wildflower Photography with David environmental groups, nature centers, and flavoring mints, or even the scarlet bee government agencies to learn more about Liebman; Trees on the Watershed with balm which likes damp, if not actually wet, environmental issues and education forester Lyt Wood; Native Plants with feet. Look for shoots among rosettes of techniques. To receive a registration botanist Tom Wieboldt; and various plant mullein and ox-eye daisy along with new brochure, call the Council on the and bird walks. For more information, call leaves of goldenrods and asters. Environment at 804-786-4500. Dot Wilbur at 919-929-8587 after 6:00 p.m. Keep a record of where you find these Arboretum Events Invasive Exotics Seminar plants and watch for them to bloom in July The State Arboretum of Virginia, the On August 12 & 13, VNPS will co¬ and August. See if you can distinguish Orland E. White Arboretum, is offering a sponsor the Invasive Exotic Plants: between different populations, as the variety of classes and events this summer, Contemporary Issues and Options Pawnees did, based on varying fragrance including Drawing Plants with an Conference to be held at Virginia Tech in and stem stiffness. Use a hand lens to Artist/Naturalist by VNPS staff artist Blacksburg. Nursery staff, landscape examine the hairs on stems. Are they Barbara Stewart on May 28 or 29; Using designers, garden writers, and other downward curled, or long and spreading, Native Plants in the Landscape by VNPS interested persons are invited to attend. To or some combination of the two? Are they past president Mary Painter on June 26; receive registration materials, contact: Ms. dense or sparse, even limited to the nodes and a free slide/lecture on The Virginia J. C. Gordon, Donaldson Brown at leaf bases? Throughout the distribution Wildlife Habitat Program by Jeff Curtis of Continuing Education Center, Virginia of this species, the pubescence shows the Virginia Department of Game and Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; 703-231- geographic variation. Plants from the Inland Fisheries on May 21. For details, 5241. Appalachian area tend to have less curled call Blandy Farm at 703-837-1758. (See page 5 for related article.) and more straight hairs. Do you observe this? In the garden, this is a good time to divide wild bergamot plants, if you have not already done so. Save any seeds not harvested by the birds, and trim back dead stalks to prevent spread of molds. Check the pubescence on these garden plants. Was their source local or distant? Catharine Tucker Botany Chair

May 1993 Page 3 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society - For Wild flower VIRGINIA’S RAREST PLANTS Gardeners Eriocaulon parkeri, Parker’s Pipewort Native Cultivars during high tides and exposed during low tides. The species has developed If you garden with native plants or observe them in the wild, sooner or later you mechanisms, which are not well may notice a certain population of a species understood, to cope with the harsh or even a single plant that stands out from conditions of widely f luctuating-water levels the crowd because it is shorter or taller, more and periodic submersion. floriferous, has a different color blossom, or The range of Eriocaulon parkeri some other characteristic that sets it apart extends from Quebec south to North from the "standard" species. These special Carolina. In Virginia, the species is re¬ forms become named varieties, cultivars or stricted to the Coastal Plain physiographic selections when propagated and promoted by province. Most extant populations in nursery personnel. Most will not come true Virginia are found along the Chickahominy, from seed and must be propagated Pamunkey and Mattaponi Rivers. vegetatively. They definitely belong in The habitat for Eriocaulon parkeri is cultivated gardens but not in strictly native fragile, and the species is vulnerable to restoration projects. several threats, including shoreline Named varieties of native aster and phlox development, water pollution, and species are standbys in perennial borders, substrate erosion. The later may be and new ones are introduced each year as caused, in part, by wakes from motor gardeners and nurserymen discover the boats. A species which once shared merits of Solidagos and Eupatoriums. intertidal mud flats with Parker’s pipewort, Selections may be named for physical Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nuttall’s characteristics of the plant, or, in the case of Hexasylis shuttleworthii ’Callaway' and micranthemum), has not been located Spiranthes odorata 'Chadds Ford’, for the anywhere throughout its range since 1941. place of their origin. Some such as Eriocaulon parkeri, Parker’s pipewort, Nuttall’s micranthemum has been searched Chrysogonum virginianum 'Allen Bush’ and is one of five species found in Virginia for intensively without success in recent 'Mark Viette’ are named for the nurserymen which belong to the pipewort family years and is believed to be extinct by who selected them. Eriocaulaceae. All five of these species are many botanists. Most intriguing to me are those named to included on the Virginia Natural Heritage Eriocaulon parkeri is included on the recognize certain people. A lovely yellow list of rare plants and all five are found in Virginia Natural Heritage list of rare plants trumpet honeysuckle, Lonicera sempervirens wetlands. Members of the pipewort family and is ranked G3/S2S3 to reflect its local ’John Clayton’, honors the Virginia botanist. have narrow, grass-like basal leaves; global distribution and vulnerability to Phlox stolonifera ’Fran’s Purple’ is a leafless, unbranched stems; and extinction (G3) and rare state status miniature from the Connecticut garden of numerous, small, usually white or grayish (S2S3). Portions of several Virginia popu¬ Fran Lubera. ’David' is a recent Phlox flowers clustered into dense heads at the lations of the species are located on lands paniculata selection discovered by Maryland ends of the stems. owned by or registered with the National nurseryman Richard Simon in the Eriocaulon parkeri is restricted to a Park Service or The Nature Conservancy. Brandywine Conservancy's parking lot. very specific habitat. The species occurs However, because of nature of the threats Named for wildflower enthusiast FM along the shores of fresh to slightly facing Eriocaulon parkeri, land protection Mooberry’s husband, it has pure white brackish tidal rivers, streams and pools. In may not guarantee the species’ survival. fragrant flowers, good strong stems, and Virginia, Parker’s pipewort is usually found Allen Belden, Jr. mildew-resistant foliage. on firm mud flats which are inundated Virginia Division of Natural Heritage My own plant purchases for this spring include Niche Garden's 1993 introduction, Solidago rugosa 'Fireworks'. After observing its performance in the North Carolina Botanical Garden for the past 20 years, CPC/USDA Agreement has Nationwide Implications NCBG Assistant Director Ken Moore decided The Center for Plant Conservation and The potential of this landmark to share it with other gardeners. Nursery the USDA Forest Service are banding to¬ agreement is great because the Forest owner Kim Hawks describes this special gether to save rare and threatenend plants Service manages 191 million acres of goldenrod as three to four feet tali, clump¬ in national forests and grasslands. The two public land in the 156 national forests and forming, more compact than the species, and organizations signed a Memo of Under- 19 national grasslands. The agency is very floriferous. staning on November 16, 1992, through responsible for the protection and Be on the lookout in your own yard for which native, imperiled plant populations management of fish, wildlife, and plant outstanding forms of native species — will be conserved in the wild. Under the habitats; its lands provide habitat for at perhaps you will discover a future agreement, the organizations also will work least 81 federally listed threatened or "introduction." Nancy Arrington jointly to further public understanding of the endangered plants and for another 1650 Horticulture Coordinator plight of endangered plants. sensitive plant species.

Page 4 May 1993 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Fauquier Supervisors VA Butterfly Society Dr. Ascher to Speak The new Butterfly Society of Virginia, a at Invasive Exotics Seminar Accept Registry Plaque non-profit organization, supports the The Carter Run Wetlands VNPS On August 12 and 13, a conference educational and recreational interests, as Registry was on the agenda of the entitled "Invasive Exotic Plants: well as the conservation efforts, of butterfly Contemporary Issues and Options" will be Fauquier County Board of Supervisors on and moth enthusiasts. Dues are $15 for Tuesday, April 6. The Wetlands, owned by held at Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg, VA. year. For details, write Julia Bristow, 5408 The purpose of the seminar is to present a Fauquier County, is the second registry by Studeley Ave., Norfolk VA 23508. VNPS Piedmont Chapter. multi-faceted and balanced view of issues A VNPS Registry plaque was related to invasive exotic plants, including presented to Georgia Herbert, Chair of the Neighboring Society control measures, impact on native Board of Supervisors, by Nicky Staunton, The newly reactivated Maryland Native ecosystem diversity, alternative plants for Plant Society has just completed its first VNPS President. Piedmont members ornamental purposes, and the impact on present were Jocelyn Arundel Sladen, year of operation. To be put on the mailing the nursery industry. Chapter President; Effie Fox, Education list or to receive membership information, Among the speakers will be Dr. Peter Chair; and Betsy Manierre, Editor of The write: MNPS, P.O. Box 4877, Silver Ascher, Professor of Horticulture at the Spring, MD 20914. Leaflet, Piedmont Chapter’s newsletter. University of Minnesota, who will present Board Chair Georgia Herbert and County recent research concerning the repro¬ Administrator Robert Lee are also ductive biology and spread potential of members of VNPS Piedmont Chapter. purple loosestrife. Other experts from Carter Run Wetlands, which contains academic institutes as well as the horti¬ several unusual native plants, has been culture industry will address the group. under several threats of destruction, The sponsors of this seminar cut including cattle grazing and land across discipline lines, and include the development. Ways are being discussed to Virginia Native Plant Society, the Virginia manage it for educational purposes and Tech Department of Horticulture, the low-impact visitation by area residents. Virginia Nurserymen’s Association, the The members of the Fauquier County Virginia Department of Conservation and Board of Supervisors stand out among Recreation, and Riverbend Nursery. northern Virginia leaders in their Nursery staff, landscape architects, appreciation of the unique physiography of garden writers, and other interested their County by protecting the natural NCBG Offering Seeds/Plants persons are invited to attend. To receive beauty of open spaces, forests, wetlands, Woody plants, vines, perennials, registration materials, contact: Ms. J. C. and native plants. VNPS is enthusiastic carnivorous plants, and ferns are among Gordon, Donaldson Brown Continuing about being partners with Fauquier County the native plant seeds being offered by the Education Center, Virginia Tech, citizens in the appreciation and recognition North Carolina Botanical Garden through Blacksburg, VA 24061; 703-231-5241. of this particularly interesting small its 1993 Southeastern Native Plant Seed (If invasive exotic plants have become a bane in your landscape, the article on page 6 offers wetlands. List. NCBG members can receive eight some ideas for control of these plants. -Ed.) free seed packets from the list; non¬ members pay $1 per species requested. Great blue lobelia is the 1993 North Disappearing Plants Carolina Wildflower of the Year. This easy Many (or perhaps even most) of the to grow late summer blooming flower best plant collections are in private hands, sports beautiful blue blooms atop two to according to James P. Folsom, Director of four foot stems. Both tiger and black The Huntington Botanical Gardens, San swallowtail butterflies are attracted to the Marino, CA. Through enhanced communi¬ May is Wetlands Month nectar of the blossoms. cation and cooperation among private and To increase public awareness of To receive a free seed list and public collectors, all could benefit since wetlands values and functions and membership information, and a descriptive private collections are at risk of being encourage people to become more brochure containing a seed packet of great dispersed or even destroyed when their involved in protecting wetlands, May has blue lobelia, send a business-size, owners are no longer able to care for been designated as American Wetlands stamped envelope with your request to: them. In many cases, arrangements can Month. This growing celebration offers us NCBG Seed Distribution Program, Box be made to insure "perpetual care" of an opportunity to increase our 3375 Totten Center, University of North treasured plants through public gardens. understanding and appreciation of Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3375. If you have a large number of rare wetlands such as the VNPS Registry sites If you plan to visit NCBG this summer plants in cultivation, contact curators at at Carters Run and Mueller Marsh. or fall, check out the wide selection of nearby public gardens to see if they would Questions, offers to help, and requests for plants for sale daily at the Garden through be interested in incorporating your plants educational materials on American October. Many wildflowers, perennials and into their collections at a later date. Also, Wetlands Month may be directed to the herbs are offered, most of which are in consider allowing botanical gardens to use Wetlands Hotline: 1-800-832-7828. 4-inch pots. your plants for propagation and breeding.

May 1993 Page 5 ■— Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society — Chemical Control of Invasive Plants The following article was written at the Garlon 3A is an amine formulation of request of the Virginia Native Plant Society by triclopyr, which is less likely to drift and Dr. Jeffrey F. Derr, a weed scientist on the staff injure sensitive broadleaf plants than the of Virginia Tech. We present this material for ester formation, Garlon 4. Garlon is mainly our members who have requested information used for brush control in rights of way and on the use of herbicides on plants difficult to noncrop areas, and in forestry. control, and who are also concerned about A combination of 2,4-D plus triclopyr is possible damage to the environment. If sold under the trade name Turflon for additional information is desired, please see the references at the end of the article. broadleaf weed control in turf. It provides similar broadleaf control as 33 Plus or Many of the weed problems in the Trimec (2,4-D plus MCPP plus dicamba). United States are non-native plants, plants that were introduced from such areas as sethoxydim (Vantage, Poast, Poast Plus) Europe or Asia. These introduced plants fluazifop (Fusilade 2000, Ornamec) escaped and became nuisance pests of Both sethoxydim and fluazifop are crop and noncrop areas. selective postemergence herbicides for the There are various ways to control control of true grasses (johnsongrass, weeds, depending on the site infested. bermudagrass, quackgrass, crabgrass). Control strategies include cultural and These herbicides will not control any physical control (hand-weeding, cultivation, broadleaf weed, wild onion or wild garlic, organic and inorganic mulches, black Purple loosestrife or sedges. Certain of these formulations plastic, landscape fabrics, etc.), along with Lythrum salicaria are registered for grass control around chemical control through the use of many herbaceous and woody ornamentals. herbicides. In many cases, a combination There is an aquatic formulation of Listed below are some sources of of strategies is needed to manage weed glyphosate called Rodeo, that is registered information on chemical control of weeds. pests. Growers and homeowners must for control of weeds in ponds, streams, 1. 1993 Pest Management Guide for Horticultural and Forest Crops. $12.00. determine the most environmentally-sound irrigation and drainage ditches, and similar Make check payable to Treasurer, Virginia and cost-effective method to manage a areas. Rodeo works best on emerged Tech and send to: Virginia Cooperative specific weed problem. weeds and is less effective on submersed Extension Distribution Center, 112 Herbicides are either selective or plants. Landsdowne St., Blacksburg, VA 24061- nonselective. Selective herbicides control Glyphosate will control grasses, 0512. Herbicide, fungicide and insecticide some plants but not others. Nonselective sedges, and broadleaf plants, including recommendations for nursery and herbicides control essentially all plants. woody plants. Some of the weeds listed on landscape plants, turf, small fruit, and Listed below are some of the herbicides the Roundup and/or Rodeo label include other areas. Revised yearly. that have utility for controlling invasive purple loosestrife, yellow nutsedge, 2. 1993 Pest Management Guide for plants. Read and follow all label directions Phragmites, johnsongrass, Russian olive, Field Crops. $12.00. Pesticide when using a herbicide. Herbicide multiflora rose, honeysuckle, and kudzu. recommendations for corn, soybeans, selection is based on the weed to be peanuts, etc. Available for the same controlled and the site in which the weed triclopyr (Garlon 3A, Garlon 4) source as number 1 above. is growing. Triclopyr is a selective postemergence 3. 1993 Pest Management Guide for broadleaf herbicide that will not injure Home and Animals. $12.00. Includes glyphosate (Roundup, Roundup L & G, grasses. It is used to control both pesticide recommendations for home Ortho Kleenup, other formulations) herbaceous and woody broadleaves. For vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals. Glyphosate is a nonselective broader spectrum control, triclopyr is Available from the same source as number postemergence herbicide that is primarily commonly combined with 2,4-D. A 1 above. absorbed by leaves but can be bark prepackaged mix of 2,4-D plus triclopyr is 4. Lawn Weed Control by S. W. absorbed. Glyphosate is inactivated upon sold under the trade name Crossbow. Bingham. Revised 1992. Weed Science contact with soil so desired plants can be Crossbow is registered for use in grass Publication 427-045. 8 pg. Available from safely planted a week after application. pastures, fence rows, roadsides, and other the same source as number 1 above. Use a directed or shielded spray to noncrop areas. In pastures, Crossbow will 5. How to Identify and Control Water prevent the spray from contacting desired provide similar broadleaf control to a 2,4-D Weeds and Algae. 108 pg. $6.95 plus foliage. Safer ways to apply glyphosate plus dicamba (Banvel) tank mix postage. Contains color photographs of include wiping a glyphosate solution or application. Some of the weeds listed on approximately 40 aquatic weeds. Includes using a shielded spray on the weeds to be the Crossbow label include honeysuckle, information on physical, biological and controlled. Glyphosate has low toxicity to multiflora rose, kudzu, and Russian olive. chemical control. Available from Applied people and animals so it is readily Use caution when applying these products Biochemists, Inc., 6120 West Douglas available to homeowners. Roundup is as drift of small quantities of these Avenue, Milwaukee, Wl 53218. registered for use in many crop and herbicides can injure sensitive plants such Jeffrey F. Derr noncrop areas. as vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals. Weed Scientist, VPI&SU

Page 6 May 1993 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society FROM NEAR AND FAR Digging In Harvill came to Longwood in 1963 and 1993. To tame the aggressiveness of Virginia volunteers dig right in when started collecting vascular plants in some of the "thugs" (a.k.a. vigorous budget cuts begin chipping away at tree Virginia. Along with five other Virginia perennials) of the late summer garden, program reports D’Vera Cohn in "Tree botanists, he documented the geographical Pellett uses them together in plantings. He Programs Grow at the Grass Roots", The distribution of the state’s vascular plants in combines the cool blue of hardy ageratum, Washington Post, March 28, 1993. the Atlas of Virginia Flora. Dr. Harvill’s Eupatorium coelestinum, with the bright Volunteer labor has enabled VDOT to associate, botanist Charles Stevens, who pink of obedient plant, Physotegia economically plant nearly 8,400 tree has contributed 22,000 specimens to the virginiana ’Vivid’. Using them in the same seedlings this year on public lands. At one Herbarium, calls Harvill "the best in the bed makes for a "fair fight" in these project, the Interstate 66 ramp in Fairfax, state at plant distribution." species with aggressive root systems. seedling trees supplied by the National Enticing Imposter These two also can be tamed a bit by Tree Trust were planted by community As the winter snows retreated from placing them in slightly shaded situations volunteers; VDOT workers prepared the Colorado’s alpine meadows, an imposter or with shrubs. ground, supplied tools, and mulched was found among the bright yellow blooms Two "tough guys" suggested for an afterword. VNPS member Ed Mainland, of wild mustard plants. The New York engaging foliage combination in wet areas who helped organize the 1-66 project Times, March 9, 1993, reports in "Fungus are sensitive fern, Onoclea sensibilis, and through Fairfax ReLeaf, one of more than is a Flowerlike Con Artist" that the antics of scouring-rush, Equisetum hyemale. By two dozen tree-planting groups which have a species of Puccinia, a manipulative combining Itea virginica with these sprung up in the District recently, feels that fungus, have been uncovered by Dr. species, one can have some floral interest. many areas revegetated through the Barbara Roy. The fungal cells invade the Propagation Cooperation efforts of unpaid labor wouldn’t get planted mustard plants and trick them into The Nature Conservancy’s Illinois if citizens didn’t pitch in. assuming an entirely new shape topped by Chapter sponsors an innovative program Still Going Strong a pseudoflower fashioned of leaves. The to produce seeds of native plants for Kathryn Orth’s account of why flower mimics are very effective in prairie ecosystem restorations along the "Herbarium at Longwood Blossoms in attracting insects that aid in the fungus’ Chicago River. The Wild Garden Project Harvill’s Care" appears in the Times reproduction; pollinating flies appear to provides home gardeners with plants Dispatch, March 22, 1993. Some 75,000 favor the diseased plants over the real having seeds which are hard to collect in specimens, representing almost every flowers. The question remaining: Are the the wild. The gardeners grow the plants in species of vascular plant found in Virginia, pseudoflowers attracting more pollinators their yards and later share the seed with reside in the Harvill-Stevens Herbarium at or reducing the time that available prairie restorers. Over 100 households Longwood College in Farmville. Though pollinators spend on true flowers? participate in the program. For details retired from teaching, Dr. Alton Harvill still Taming Aggressive Behavior about this program, contact Lindsay goes to the Herbarium daily to identify Landscape designer Tom Pellett McGee, Wild Garden Coordinator, The plant specimens sent to him from around discusses "Combinations for Aggresive Nature Conservancy, Illinois Chapter, 79 the state. Native Plants" in Native Notes, Winter W. Monroe, Chicago, IL 60603.

i-1 See the address label for your membership’s expiration date. The Bulletin is published four times a year VNPS Membership/Renewal Form (March, May, August, November) by Name(s) Virginia Native Plant Society Address P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22003 City State Zip _ (703) 368-9803 Nicky Staunton, President _Individual $15 _Family $25 _Student $10 Virginia Klara Nathan, Editor _Patron $50 _Sustaining $100 _Life $400 Barbara Stewart, Artist Associate (group) $40; delegate Original material contained in the Bulletin may be reprinted, provided credit is given To give a gift membership or join secondary chapters: Enclose dues, name, address, and to the author, if named. Readers are chapter. (Secondary chapter dues are one-third your primary dues.) invited to send letters, news items, or I wish to make an additional contribution to_VNPS __Chapter j original articles for the editor’s consideration. They should be typed in the amount of_$10_$25_$50_$100 $_ (double spaced, please) or sent as a _Check here if you do not wish your name _Check here if you do not wish j DOS text file to the Ecfitor at Rt. 3 Box to be exchanged with similar organizations. to be listed in a chapter directory, j 119-F, Floyd, VA 24091.

Make check payable to VNPS and mail to: The deadline for the next issue Is VNPS Membership Chair, Route 1 Box 381, Deiaplane, VA 22025 July 10.

i_i

May 1993 Page 7 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Help Wanted Consider Secondary Memberships All Society members are eligible for Whether you have time, money or plants to donate, various causes secondary memberships in other VNPS throughout the State need your help. chapters. For only one-third the cost of At Great Meadow Near Dranesville your primary dues, you can get all the During mid-June, Great Meadow will In an example of community pride, benefits of another chapter, including install a roadside meadowscape of 8000 organizations and individuals are chapter newsletters and special invitations native plants, consisting of nearly 35 contributing funds_lo the Dranesville to_outings and programs. Members who species of regionally native wildflowers and Wildflower Project. The goal of the Project live near the borders of chapter areas, grasses. The planting will be hosted and is to plant wildflowers on heavily trafficked those who spend portions of the year in maintained by Great Meadow and will road median strips, e.g. Route 7 or Route different parts of the state, and those who border Route 17 between Marshall and 123 in the Dranesville District. With the enjoy various chapters’ newsletters or f ield Warrenton. Still in its planning stage, the donations, VDOT will finance the seeding trips have all taken advantage of project is already considered a national and upkeep of the wildflowers. Each acre secondary memberships in VNPS. model for highway native plantings. of wildflowers costs $600 and portions of To apply for a secondary membership The Great Meadow Project needs your or a total acre(s) may be sponsored. in any of the nine chapters of VNPS, send help installing plants over an 8 to 10 day Annual upkeep of a plot sponsored is 50% a check for one-third of your primary dues period beginning in mid-June. Each day’s of the original investment per year. To to VNPS Membership Chair, P.O. Box 844, planting will involve a 4-hour committment make a donation or receive additional Annadale, VA 22003. Your name and dues working under supervision. To volunteer or information on this program, write: VDOT will then be sent to the chapter(s) you find out more, please call Mary Painter at Supervisor Ernest Berger, 1437 Ball Hill designate. Soon you will receive those 703-364-1665 or 364-1001. Road, McLean, VA 22101. chapters’ communications and may take At Mason Neck advantage of more events, outings, and Bill Frailey, a volunteer at Mason Neck informative publications. State Park, has asked VNPS help with a landscaping project at the park headquarters. Since the project is VNPS Chapters extensive and operating under a limited 23 Blue Ridge Wildflower Society budget, Frailey is asking for donations of FI Jefferson Chapter plants. The requested plants are of a 2 John Clayton Chapter limited number of species, as only plants 23 Piedmont Chapter identified as being within the Park will be R3 Pocahontas Chapter E3 Polowmack Chapter used. Some plants needed are silky 0 Prince William Wildflower Society dogwood, American holly, jewelweed, £3 Shenandoah Chapter mayapple, smooth Solomon’s seal, [~n South Hampton Roads Chapte columbine, cardinal flower, great blue lobelia, tickseed sunflower, and purple coneflower. For a complete list, contact Bill Frailey at 703-799-1393.

Non-Profit Organization U.S. Postage PAID Virginia Native Plant Society PERMIT NO. 347 Springfield, VA P.O. Box 844 Annandale, VA 22003

/ / THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN -LIBRARY-SERIALS & EXCHANGE Please note the expiration BRONX, NY 10458-5126 date on your mailing label and renew accordingly. A publication of the VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY conserving wild flowers and wild places

Enjoying Wildflowers In Prince William County Prince William Wildflower Society is Participants on this trip may join the habitats ranging from mature hardwoods to looking forward to hosting the 1993 VNPS afternoon hike at Prince William Forest. planted and naturalized pine woods. This Annual Meeting and sharing with Mason’s Neck National Wildlife Refuge forest is located near the rapidly participants a variety of botanical fieldtrip covers over 1131 acres along the Potomac developing Gainsville-Haymarket area and opportunities in Prince William County. and is noted for its extensive wetlands. is an excellent example of an "urban" Prince William County is blessed with a Although the boundaries of the Refuge are forest that has many uses by area diversity of habitats ranging from currently located only in Fairfax County, residents. The bed of the historic freshwater marshes and swamps in the plans are being made to transfer an area Manassas Gap Railroad runs through the Coastal Plain, to rich meadows and forests of federally-owned land along the Potomac forest and will be seen this on this hike. in the Piedmont, to the granite outcrops of River in Prince William County to the Keith Hawkins, Forester for Prince William Bull Run Mountain. The choices of fieldtrip Refuge. Yvonne Schultz, a longtime ranger County, will conduct a Saturday morning opportunities planned for the meeting will at the Refuge, will lead a Saturday walk to explore this diverse area. provide a sampler of these habitats. morning trip to the site in Prince William Up a Mountain Full Day Fieldtrip County to afford participants the A Saturday afternoon hike at Bull Run An all day Saturday fieldtrip is planned opportunity to observe the wetland flora Mountain, located in western Prince for Prince William Forest Park. This 17,000 and fauna of these freshwater marshes to William County, will provide us an acre National Park has a 300 foot altitude be added to Refuge holdings. opportunity to see the unusual flora of drop from the northern end, located in the James Long Park in western Prince these granite outcrops. A mature chestnut- Piedmont, and the southern end, in the William County is a county park known by oak forest and a variety of fall-blooming Coastal Plain. A great diversity of habitats most people for its soccer fields and other wildflowers await participants in this hike to ranging from mature secondary growth recreational opportunities. Hidden from the be lead by Claudia Thompson-Deahl, a forest to wetlands and bottomland along soccer fields is a wet meadow along a naturalist with Reston Homeowners the watershed for the Quantico Creek can stream that has a population of bottle Associate and PWWS Vice President, be found. Catherine Tucker, VNPS Botany gentian and other species typical of this in the Gardens Chair, will lead morning and afternoon type of habitat. Beaver activity on the The Nature Trail on Northern Virginia hikes which will focus on habitat diversity stream and a mature second growth forest Community College — Manassas Campus and the effect of human land use within provide additional habitat diversity to the is a half-mile trail through wooded habitats this park. Wildlife and signs of wildlife will site. Cris Fleming, an expert field botanist, along a local stream. This is a woodland add interest to the botanical diversity of the will lead a Saturday morning walk to this trail used for teaching purposes as well as sites to be enjoyed on these hikes. special area. by community groups and individuals. Wetlands and Wet Meadows The Deep Cut site at Manassas Continuing support for development of the A Saturday morning canoe trip to Battlefield Park will be the focus of a Trail has been provided by PWWS fora Leesylvania State Park, a state park Saturday afternoon trip to see a wet (Continued on page 7) located along the Potomac River, will meadow with a good diversity of fall flora. afford participants a firsthand view of The fall-blooming composites will be at freshwater marshes with their diversity of their blooming peak at this historical site in Annual Meeting plant and animal life. Elaine Haug, an the Battlefield Park. Cris Fleming will lead Manassas, VA expert on local marshes and a veteran this fieldtrip for viewing the richness of September 17,18 & 19 canoe trip leader, will lead this foray. Along native meadow species at this site. with the plants, wildlife such as beaver and Historic and Urban Sites Early registers save $ a variety of birds should be seen or signs Conway Robinson Park is a 400 acre See inside for details of these animals should be spotted. state forest with a variety of wooded Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society —

VNPS FISCAL YEAR 1992 INCOME STATEMENT FROM THE PRESIDENT A jumble: limestone escarpment. . . cecropia moth . . . INCOME ramshead orchid . . . butterflyweed . . . VNPS. What do DUES, MEMBERSHIP $8,436 these things have in common? (Answer appears below.) DONATIONS $2,160 SALES, GIFTS & BOOKS $69 Thanks to Ted Scott’s foresight and generosity in leading SPECIAL FUNDRAISING $123 the trip, sixteen VNPS members travelled to the Bruce AUCTION SALES $955 Peninsula in Ontario, Canada, on June 5th. The entire trip FEES, ANNUAL MEETING $2,330 was superb! The beginning was foggy, wet and cold — great INTEREST INCOME $625 for photography and the plants. Toward the end, sun shone $10 OTHER INCOME on our every minute, and the days are longer! TOTAL INCOME $14,708 Our spirits soared as "01’ Sol" teased tight buds open — EXPENSES great for the plants and photography! Wintergreen naturalist ADMINISTRATION, SOCIETY $2,355 Doug Coleman of Jefferson Chapter explained the INSURANCE $1019 escarpment and physiography of the peninsula. The features were awesome. Flat plains MEMBERSHIP $1,970 with ranches; bogs, fens, limestone paving; rocky climbs to marl beaches; a beautiful fir TREASURER $400 forest in which we enjoyed a rainy picnic; ruins of a mansion in a new park through which $4,983 PUBLICATIONS, PUBLICITY passes the Bruce Trail; sailboats seen in the bay from the clifftop . . . FUNDRAISING $624 Ted picked perfect dates for leading us to freshly opened Indian paintbrush, starry false COSTS, GIFT & BOOK SALES $138 GIFTS & MEMBERSHIPS $260 solomonseal, yellow lady-slippers — all along the roadsides, polygala everywhere, the rare NOMINATING COMMITTEE $59 lake iris and ramshead orchid at Dorcas Bay, calypso orchid on Flowerpot Island ... Other EDUCATION $381 orchids were opening as we left, but our senses were so full of the beauty around us, one CONSERVATION $785 would have felt guilty to wish for more! HORTICULTURE $78 Upon returning home, fresh blooms of butterfly weed greeted us. And, wonder upon ANNUAL MEETING $2,021 wonder, this was the exact day my long expected cecropia moth emerged from its cocoon. REGISTRY PROGRAM $326 She had waited for me! Well, it seemed that way as I tumbled from the van, camera in WILDFLOWER OF YEAR $870 TOTAL EXPENSES $16,269 hand, and wildly photographed the result of metamorphosis. Ms. Cecropia flexed her wings to dry. In three hours, she was gone. The cycle was complete and about to be renewed. NET INCOME -$1,561 Answer: My camera. My camera is the common factor because it was always in my hand, resulting in slides from 20 rolls of film! SUMMARY BALANCE "Tread lightly!" is my message, quoted from the U.S. Forest Service. Excitement of the find can overwhelm us and we too easily stomp neighboring plants . . . maybe even $15,143 TOTAL ASSETS another one of the species so thrilling to find. Ted and Doug, aware of this possibility, were there to remind us. In an article about LIABILITIES CURRENT LIABILITIES $7 the Bruce Peninsula, the author warned against "gardening" photographers, those who tidy LONG-TERM LIABILITIES $3,500 up their composition by removing plants neighboring their subject. This can destroy the UNCLASSIFIED LIABILITIES $433 habitat of the subject and often a desirable plant is wasted. TOTAL LIABILITIES $3,940 Develop the good habit of not disturbing the subject of your photography. Summer has a few months left with many opportunities to photograph our beautiful native plants and NET WORTH habitats, as well as those we visit elsewhere. Remember take nothing but photographs and TOTAL NET WORTH $11,203 leave no trace of your having been where you were. Strive for low impact use ... better, TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH $15,143 no impact use. Nicky Staunton P.S. The VNPS trip to Canada’s Bruce Peninsula is scheduled to be led next year by To the Board of Directors Doug Coleman. The week of June 11th is tentatively scheduled. The trip for 1994 has of the Virginia Native Plant Society: several members already signed-up — names from this year’s waiting list. Watch for I have audited the accompanying fund balance of the Virginia Native Plant Society as of October 31, registration information in the Bulletin as it becomes available. 1992, and the related statement of income for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the organization’s management. My Lobstein Receives Teaching Awards responsibility is to express an opinion on these Marion Lobstein, Prince William chapter Botany Chair and Associate Professor of financial statements based on my audit. Biology at the Manassas Campus of the Northern Virginia Community College, has I conducted my audit in accordance with general¬ received two outstanding faculty awards for her teaching and community service. She is ly accepted auditing standards. In my opinion, the fi¬ one of three faculty at NVCC chosen to receive an Outstanding Faculty Award sponsored nancial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Virgin¬ by the NVCC Educational Foundation. At the state level, she is one of eleven faculty in ia Native Plant Society as of October 31, 1992, and the higher education in Virginia chosen to receive the SCHEV (State Council of Higher results of its operations for the year then ended in con¬ Education for Virginia) Outstanding Faculty Award for 1992-93. formity with generally accepted accounting principles. We are honored to have this great educator speaking Friday evening at our Annual

Robert K. Hersh, C.P.A. Meeting opening and leading field trips later in the weekend. If you can’t wait to see her 3213 N. John Marshall Drive there, Marion will lead wildflower walks at Great Falls Park at 10 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. on Arlington, VA 22207 August 15, and also on September 19 and October 17. Call Marion at 703-536-7150 for June 30, 1993 reservations.

Page 2 August 1993 • • 1 Rniiptin of the Virginia Native Plant Rncipty— ■ Annual Meeting of the Virginia Native Plant Society September 18,1993 SLATE OF CANDIDATES The following slate of candidates is proposed by the 1993 VNPS Nominating Committee to replace officers, standing committee chairs, directors- at- large, and members- at- large of the Nominating Committee whose terms expire on October 31, 1993, and to fill existing vacancies in other classes.

Board of Directors Class of 1994 DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE: Nancy Arrington, Prince William CORRESPONDING SECRETARY: Elaine Smith, Shenandoah Wildflower Society Chapter. Nancy has served as Director-at-Large for Chapter. Elaine’s interest in VNPS the last two years has been primarily two terms and as Horticulture Coordinator for three years. She was one centered around the many nature- study hikes she takes with her chapter of the founders and first president of the Prince William Wildflower Society and as a member of the Potomack Appalachian Trail Club. She is on the in 1982 and continues to be active with that group. Board of Directors of the Harrisonburg Community Theatre.

DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE: Faith Campbell, Potowmack Chapter Class of 1995 As a Senior Research Assistant for Natural Resources Defense Council since 78, Faith has been working for plant conservation. Faith served RECORDING SECRETARY: Liz Smith, Potowmack Chapter. Liz VNPS since 1982 as a charter Board Member, Conservation Chair for two previously served four years in this position and is currently years. Currently, she is on the International Union for Conservation of Corresponding Secretary. She has been active in her chapter serving on Natural Resources, Species Survival Commission, both Exotic Species the board for several years, now as chair of the education/programs com¬ and Trade in Wild Plants; and, Endangered Species Act. mittee. Liz is recently retired from staff of American Horticulture Society at River Farm. 1994 Nominating Committee (One Year Term)

Class of 1996 Fanny R. Williams, John Clayton Chapter. Fan was President of FIRST VICE PRESIDENT: Chris Clampitt, Pocahontas Chapter. John Clayton Chapter for two terms and continues to be active with the Chris has served in this position for the last three years, having been a chapter. She was on this year’s Nominating Committee. Director- at- Large previously. He is a plant ecologist with the Virginia Natural Heritage Program. When he lived in Washington State, Chris was Ann Regn, Jefferson Chapter. An Environmental Program Planner Conservation Chair of the Seattle Chapter of the Washington Native Plant for the Virginia DEQ (Department of Environmental Quality), Ann works Society. with public and intergovernmental Affairs for the newly formed agency. She has been an active member of VNPS since its inception (1st Vice SECOND VICE PRESIDENT: Jim Minogue, Piedmont Chapter. Jim President of VNPS) and her chapter (President). is Currently serving a second term in this position. He has served as a guide for the West Virginia Wildflower Pilgrimage and is a trustee of the The third position vacancy will be filled by the time of the Annual Belle Grove Plantation. Jim is past president of the American Rock Meeting, September 18, 1993. Garden Society. 1993 Nominating Committee CONSERVATION CHAIR: Ted Scott, Jefferson Chapter. Ted is cur¬ rently serving as VNPS Conservation Chair. He is Director Emeritus of Dorna Kreitz, Chairman, Potowmack Chapter the Piedmont Environmental Council and was Director of Programs for the Doris True, Shenandoah Chapter Massachusetts Audubon Society before moving to Orange, VA. He is on Becky White, South Hampton Roads Chapter the Property Committee for Montpelier and was instrumental in Fanny Williams, John Clayton Chapter Montpelier’s designation as a National Landmark. Frank Coffey, VNPS Board member, Blue Ridge Wildflower Society Chapter FUND RAISING: Vacant. Search continues for a chairperson.

PROXY, 1993 VNPS ANNUAL MEETING PROXY, 1993 VNPS ANNUAL MEETING

1 hereby authorize the Corresponding Secretary to cast my vote for 1 hereby authorize the Corresponding Secretary to cast my vote for the slate of candidates proposed by the Nominating Committee. the slate of candidates proposed by the Nominating Committee.

Sianed Signed Address Address

Return by September 16 to: Return by September 16 to: Corresponding Secretary, VNPS, Corresponding Secretary, VNPS, P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22003 P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22003

August 1993 The annual meeting of the membership of the Virginia Native Plant Society will be held on Saturday, September 18,1993 at Holiday Inn/Mannssas, in Manassas, Virginia, to vote on changes in the bylaws and to elect certain officers, directors, and members of the Nominating Committee. Those persons who have paid dues for the 1992-93 fiscal year may vote on the business conducted. Members in good standing who are not able to attend the meeting may vote in absentia by sending the proxy on this page to Liz Smith, Corresponding Secretary, VNPS, P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22003. Proxies must be received by September 16, 1993. Each family membership is entitled to two votes, other memberships to one vote. Liz Smith Corresponding Secretary ======3===^====^=== Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society -- Exploring In and Around Prince William County Virginia Native Plant Society Annual Meeting Weekend September 17-19, 1993 Make plans now to attend the 1993 VNPS Annual Meeting in Manassas. We will meet to enjoy speakers, share a banquet, conduct business, take field trips, participate in an auction, renew friendships, and start new ones. Our host chapter, Prince William Wildflower Society, will be trying a new format for the annual fund-raising auction. A professional auctioneer will call the Saturday evening auction. We hope this innovation will prove both entertaining and profitable for the Society. Guided field trips and garden tours are planned for Saturday, September 18, and Sunday morning, September 19. The diverse outings planned will give participants an opportunity to observe a variety of flora and fauna native to the Northern Virginia area. Field trip sites include local, state and national parks with a wide variety of topography from shore locations to mountainous terrain. In addition, selected native plant gardens will be open for viewing. A full program of children’s activities has been planned for Saturday. It will include a story hour with our featured speaker Doug Elliott, nature walks, and other fun activities, all conducted by experienced teachers and qualified guides. Parents signing up for field trips which could prove too lengthy, arduous or dangerous for small children may leave their youngsters in these well supervised programs. Due to the sensitivity of some areas, some field trips are limited in the number of participants. With this in mind, plan to register for the Annual Meeting early. You can indicate field trip preferences on the form on page 4, and take advantage of reduced a registation fee (a $5 savings) if your form is post-marked by September 3. (Banquet registration must be received by September 12.) Holiday Inn at Manassas will hold a limited number of rooms for the Society until September 3. Contact them at 703-335-0000. So don’t delay. Register and make your arrangements now for a great weekend with VNPS.

Weekend Schedule of Events Friday, September 17 7:00 p.m. — 10:00 p.m. Social Gathering, Greetings, and Illustrated Talk at NVCC — Manassas Campus, Route 234 next to the Manassas Battlefield. A special slide show Exchange of Medicinal Plants Between the Old World and the A/ewwill be presented by Marion Blois Lobstein, Associate Professor of Biology at Northern Virginia Community College and recent recipient of a State Council of Higher Education for Virginia’s Outstanding Faculty Award. Come early, visit the NVCC wildflower garden, and stroll down the Nature Trail developed by Marion with support from her students and Prince William Wildflower Society.

Saturday, September 18 8:00 a.m. — 4:00 p.m. Trips, Tours, and Children’s Program. Meet guides at Manassas Holiday Inn. 4:30 p.m. Social Hour and Auction Preview. All evening activities are at Manassas Holiday Inn. 5:30 p.m. Annual Business Meeting and election of officers. 6:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. Buffet Banquet. 7:00 p.m. Live Auction with professional auctioneer. 8:30 p.m. Keynote speaker Doug Elliott — naturalist, raconteur, and author of Wildwoods Wisdom, Encounters With The Natural World. Sunday, September 19 9:00 a.m. — 2:00 p.m. Board Meeting at Prince William County Extension Office, 8805 Sudley Road (Rt. 234). All Society members are invited to attend. 9:30 a.m. — 12 noon Field Trips and Selected Garden Tours. See field trip descriptions on page 5.

August 1993 Page 3 ■ Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Virginia Native Plant Society Annual Meeting Items Needed for Auction Something new has been planned to September 17, 18 & 19, 1993 enliven the annual VNPS fund-raising auction which will be held on Saturday evening after the banquet. Instead of the usual silent auction, a IMPORTANT INFORMATION professional auctioneer will conduct the proceedings and take your bids. We hope this MEETING ACCOMMODATIONS format will prove a lively feature of the weekend. Holiday Inn at Manassas, 10800 Vandor Lane, will serve as headquarters for the Wondering what to contribute? Anything to VNPS Annual Meeting. Accommodations will be offered to Society members for the do with nature and, if you stretch your reduced rate of $44 per night. Please be sure to inform the reservation desk of your imagination, this can include such diverse items membership in VNPS to get this rate. as pictures, writing paper, home-made jellies, Accommodations are the responsibility of individual participants. Holiday Inn will hold books, crafts, camping equipment, gardening a limited number of rooms for the Society until September 3. After that date, rooms tools, sculpture, ceramics, and, of course, plants may not be available. For reservations, call Holiday Inn at Manassas; 703-335-0000. from your garden or favorite nursery. Should you need other accommodations, other hotels in easy reach of the activities Nor must you confine yourself to objects. You could offer a service of some sort, like include a Ramada Inn, Hojo Inn, Day’s Inn, Hampton Inn, Best Western Motel, and leading a field trip to some special place or Shoney’s Motel. preparing a landscape plan for a small property. If you are a photographer or artist, you could REGISTRATION INFORMATION offer to make a study of someone’s cherished Please use the coupon below to let our PWWS hosts know how many are coming. The garden or home, or a special plant or place. registration fee of $10 per adult includes admittance to the Friday evening lecture and Please telephone or send a brief description Saturday field trips and tours, a box lunch on Saturday, and access to the Children’s of donation(s) and approximate value of each Program. Members whose registrations are received by September 3 may take a 50% before Sept. 15 to: Martha Slover 6078 Clay Spur Court reduction in the registration fee (cost is then $5) and will receive a packet containing Centreville, VA 22020 further details and pertinent maps. Advance registration is strongly encouraged. 703-818-9517 Those who wish to attend Saturday evening’s banquet should add this cost to Please have donations at the auction site in their registration payment. Please be aware that registration for the banquet must Manassas Holiday Inn between 8:30 a.m. and be received by the PWWS Annual Meeting Committee by September 13, as 2 p.m. on Sat., Sept. 18. Auction items may be arrangements for the banquet facilities must be concluded by that date. brought to the gathering at NVCC — Manassas Walk-in registration for the Annual Meeting’s activities (excluding the banquet) will be on Friday, Sept. 17. Donors who will not be able accepted at the Friday evening opening gathering at Northern Virginia Community College to attend the Meeting but wish to support this — Manassas Campus and at the Manassas Holiday Inn Meeting Center at 8 a.m. on fund-raiser may send contributions with a chapter member or mail them in advance to Saturday morning. The on-site registration fee is $10. Martha Slover. Tag each item sent with the Since space will be limited on some field trips, please help your hosts by indicating donor’s name and an approximate value. your tentative trip choice(s) on your registration form. (See next page for description of Let your imagination rise to the occasion! field trips.) Final selections for trips and programs can be made on Friday evening. The more items to bid on, the more enjoyable Please make reservations for the Annual Meeting by returning the form below. If you the auction — so please look for, dream up, need additional information, call Nancy Herwig at 703-754-2328 or Nancy Vehrs at 703- donate, and bid on as many items as you can to 368-2898. make this major fund-raising event a success. i-1 VNPS ANNUAL MEETING REGISTRATION FORM Number of adults attending activities _X Registration fee of $10 each = $_ (If postmarked by September 3, cost is only $5 per adult. Registration fee includes Saturday box lunch.) Number of adults attending dinner _____ X Dinner cost of $20 each = $__ Number of children (ages 3-12; under 3 free) attending dinner _X Dinner cost of $10 each = $_ If you need a special diet, please specify_ Total enclosed = $_

Number attending field trips: Saturday Full day_ a.m._ p.m._ Sunday a.m. Tentative field trip interest(s)_

Ages of children interested in children's program:_, _, _, _, _ years.

Name_Phone_ Address

Make checks payable to VNPS. Send to: Annual Meeting VNPS Prince William Wildflower Society Dinner reservations MUST be received by September 13. P.O. Box 83 No reservations will be held without payment. Manassas, VA 22110

Page 4 August 1993 - ■ .- Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society - Virginia Native Plant Society Annual Meeting September 17, 18 & 19,1993 FIELD TRIPS AND CHILDREN’S PROGRAM DETAILS Prince William County is a naturally diverse area extending from shore locations through the Piedmont to mountainous terrain. Come along on some of these planned excursions which offer a wide variety of experiences. On Saturday, September 18, and Sunday, September 19, participants will gather in the lobby of the Manassas Holiday Inn at 8 a.m. to meet with tour guides. One all-day trip is offered on Saturday, while the balance of the trips will be half-day events. Please note that some field trips have limited space so register early. A box lunch for Saturday will be furnished for all registered participants. Stout walking shoes are advised, plus rain gear if weather is unsettled. Due to the conditions encountered on some field trips, children will not be able to attend. A full children’s program is planned for Saturday. (See details below.) Notes pertaining to children’s participation on field trips are indicated by * below.

SATURDAY — FULL DAY Prince William Forest Park. This prime example of a piedmont forest and pristine watershed for Quantico Creek is located within a 17,000 acre National Park. Hikes to explore the local flora will be conducted both morning and afternoon. A visitors’ center with frequently running video shows is on site. ‘Children, supervised by a parent, may participate.* Limited to 15.

SATURDAY — HALF DAY; MORNING Leesylvania State Park. This state park is located along the Potomac River. A morning canoe trip is planned to explore wetlands areas and shore flora. Protective footgear is suggested. $3 canoe rental charge. ‘No children please.* Limited to 14. James Long Park. This Prince William County park is noted for its stand of bottle gentian and wet meadow species. We will take a morning trip to see this possible VNPS Registry site. Limited to 15. Mason’s Neck National Wildlife Refuge. This federal wildlife refuge is noted for its extensive wetlands. A morning tour will allow us to explore wetland flora and fauna in this area. Protective footgear is suggested. ‘No children please.* Limited to 15. Northern Virginia Community College — Manassas Campus Nature Trail. Both morning and afternoon guided tours will be available at the garden and half-mile trail which winds through wooded habitats along a local stream. ‘Children encouraged to participate.* Local Garden Tours. Some of the beautiful wildflower gardens cultivated by Prince William Wildflower Society members will be on display and should be ablaze with autumn flowers. Tours will be offered both morning and afternoon.

SATURDAY — HALF DAY; AFTERNOON Manassas National Battlefield Park. Exploration of this 5000-acre National Battlefield Park will consist of an afternoon trip to the Deep Cut area to view a wet meadow with a good diversity of fall flora. This is a possible future VNPS Registry site. Limited to 20. Bull Run Mountain. On an afternoon tour, take an easy hike to see a unique granitic outcrop and the flora indigenous to such terrain. Limited to 20. Conway Robinson Park. This state forest features several trails and a variety of wooded habitats. Take the afternoon to explore this excellent example of an "urban forest." ‘Children over age 8, supervised by a parent, may attend.* Northern Virginia Community College — Manassas Campus Nature Trail. Both morning and afternoon guided tours will be available at the garden and half-mile trail which winds through wooded habitats along a local stream. ‘Children encouraged to participate.* Local Garden Tours. Some of the beautiful wildflower gardens cultivated by Prince William Wildflower Society members will be on display and should be ablaze with autumn flowers. Tours will be offered both morning and afternoon.

SUNDAY — HALF DAY Great Falls Park. A 10 a.m. walk will allow us to view the Falls and explore the diverse autumn flora of this National Park located along the Potomac River. A $3 entrance fee is required to enter the park. Northern Virginia Community College — Manassas Campus Nature Trail. At your leisure, enjoy a self-guided tour (trail guides available) of the half-mile trail and nearby garden. Selected local garden tours. Same as offered on Saturday. Map available at meeting. VNPS Board Meeting. All members are invited to attend at Prince William County Extension Office. Self-guided tours. A variety of tours to historic sites such as the Manassas Battlefield, as well as other attractions, are available.

SATURDAY — CHILDREN’S PROGRAM Special children’s activities will be offered to the children of those members who may wish to engage in trips too lengthy or difficult for youngsters. Children’s activities will be aimed at various age groups and include nature walks, workshops, environmental and ecological studies, and other activities, depending on weather. Doug Elliott, the featured banquet speaker, will conduct a workshop for children on Saturday morning featuring folk tales, woodlore, ancient legends, and encounters with "Native Americans, snake handlers, and Appalachian mountain men." All children’s activities will be well supervised by competent teachers and experienced guides. Please indicate on your registration form the number and ages of children who will be attending so that appropriate activities can be planned. As some of the children’s activities are weather-related, locations for Children’s Programs will be announced at the opening meeting. Lunch will be provided.

August 1993 Page 5 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society For Wildflower Two Natural Areas Added to Virginia System Gardeners Virginia’s Natural Area Preserve The Pinnacles is a 600-foot rock formation. The surrounding ninety acres Summer Blooming System gained two properties at the beginning of 1993: Bush Mill Stream in were previously owned and managed by Native Azaleas Northumberland County and the Pinnacles Russell County, which conveyed the Three species of in Russell County. property to the Nature Conservancy for azaleas native to Bush Mill Stream Preserve is the first transfer to Virginia. This holding is a is one Virginia offer lovely property acquired as a result of the Open of the last refuges for the birdwing pearly fragrant white flowers Space Recreation and Conservation mussel and has a variety of rare plant and for our summer income tax checkoff fund. Each year, state animal species. Visitors can climb trails to gardens. All grow taxpayers may designate all or part of their scenic overlooks year-round. naturally in wet areas refunds to benefit Virginia’s natural and The acquisition of these sites was not and will thrive in similar recreational resources. Of the $140,000 related to the recently approved bonds for conditions under purchase price, approximately $90,000 parks and natural areas. (An update on the cultivation. They will was contributed from the checkoff fund. use of these funds will appear in the also grow well in drier The Nature Conservancy and the Northern November Bulletin.) However, the Bush sites in a slightly acid, Neck Audubon Society also assisted with Mill Stream and Pinnacles preserves, humus-rich soil that is the purchase. managed by the Department of watered and mulched. The 103-acre Bush Mill Stream Conservation and Recreation, will receive All native azaleas need three to four Preserve is a nesting ground for great blue bond funds to increase public access and hours of sun to bloom well. Phosphate herons, and a hunting and resting ground environmental education opportunities. added to the soil at planting time and for bald eagles. Currently, no public access (Excerpted with permission from Virginia annually in early July will boost blooming. facilities are in place. Natural Resources Newsletter, May 1993) These azaleas are slow to develop a good root system and should be watered frequently the first year. Sweet azalea, Rhododendron arborescens, named for its heliotrope-like fragrance, is found on moist mountain tops and along streams from New York and Pennsylvania south to Georgia and Alabama. In Virginia, according to the Atlas of the Virginia Flora, it is found in two northern and six southern counties. Plants may attain tree-like stature in the wild but are usually around eight-feet tall in the garden. Flowers with a prominent red style and stamens are normally pure white but may have a pink or reddish blush and a height is five feet with a similar spread. yellow blotch. This species typically Natural Resources Budget White to creamy white flowers have a blooms in early June, but a form found in Natural resources agencies received a spicy fragrance and are quite sticky. Georgia blooms in July and occasionally $3.1 million boost during the 1993 General Swamp azalea begins blooming in mid- into August. Assembly session. Most of the increased June, but this is a variable species with Hammock sweet azalea, R. serrulatum, revenue for the 1993-94 fiscal year will forms that can extend the bloom period is native to wooded swamps and fund state park programs and will be used into October. hammocks from Florida west to Mississippi to meet the permitting needs of the and Louisiana. It is found in one western Beginning in the early 1800s, European Department of Environmental Quality. and several coastal counties of Virginia; breeders crossed our native azaleas with A highlight of this year’s amendments however, in Azaleas, Fred Galle says that their species to produce hybrids including to the 1992-1994 biennial budget is the plants found in Virginia and the Carolinas the Ghents, Knap Hills, and Exburys, some provision to handle growth associated with may be variable forms of R. viscosum. of which are still available. With today’s new state parks and natural areas Though taller in the wild, cultivated plants renewed interest in native plants, many acquired under the 1992 general obligation are usually four- to six-feet tall with white varieties, including natural and man-made bonds. $647,000 was appropriated for 16 sticky flowers that have a delightful clove hybrids, are available from specialty new positions in the Department of scent. This is the last species to bloom, nurseries and a few are even showing up Conservation and Recreation (DCR). DCR beginning in July and sometimes in local garden centers. All are wonderful also received approval to use park continuing into September and October. plants, bringing graceful form, sweet revenues on preventive maintenance Swamp azalea (R. viscosum) is native fragrance, and a lovely range of colors to projects to extend the life of parks to swamps and stream banks from Maine our gardens from spring until fall. facilities. to Florida including the mountain, piedmont Nancy Arrington (Excerpted with permission from Virginia and coastal areas of Virginia. Average Horticulture Coordinator Natural Resources Newsletter, May 1993)

Page 6. .— — August 1993 ■ — Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Birds, Bees, Butterflies and Bergamot Enjoying Wiidflowers Have you found wild bergamot In Prince William County blooming in a field or your garden yet this (Continued from page 1) summer? Examine the head and see if you number of years, in the last year, new can distinguish that there are two "halves" numbered station markers have been of the inflorescence. Occasionally, one bud installed and a self-guided tour brochure fails to develop into flowers and forms a has been developed for the Trail stations. vegetative branch instead. These compact I have worked on this project since coming flower heads have been shown to be to teach at the Manassas Campus in 1976 derived from more open branched lateral and look forward to sharing it with inflorescences by condensation (reduction participants in both Saturday morning and of internodes), forming a complicated afternoon walks. A lovely wildflower garden double opposite cyme. One clue to this is designed and installed by Marie Davis, a the "collar" of leaves clustered around the professional native plant landscaper and base of the inflorescence. As in PWWS Treasurer, is located on the NVCC composites, this condensation of blooms — Manassas Campus and will be featured mimics one large flower and may have adaptive advantage in attracting pollinators during the tours. and favoring cross-pollination. Pollen from one flower carried to another A number of PWWS members have Garden plantings or wild patches of and deposited on a receptive stigma will cultivated beautiful native plant gardens wild bergamot offer a chance to see a germinate. Bees of various species, over the years. These gardens will be variety of pollinators visit the flowers. foraging randomly throughout the day for breathtaking with the beauty of fall¬ Bees, butterflies and hummingbirds all either honey or pollen, apparently cannot blooming native wiidflowers at the time of search them for either pollen or nectar. distinguish between blossoms already the Annual Meeting. A select number of Because of the flower structure and their visited and those newly opened. these gardens will be open for Annual hovering posture, hummingbirds may Consequently, they visit new pollen-laden Meeting participants to visit on both acquire a visible yellow pollen spot on their flowers and re-visit "old" flowers with no Saturday morning and afternoon. foreheads. In smaller or newly open pollen but with mature stigmas, effecting Sunday Tours flowers, hummingbirds searching for that cross-pollination within the same Great Falls National Park, Virginia, "good to the last" drop have been inflorescence or between plants. located in Fairfax County along the observed stuck and having difficulty In Virginia, cross-pollination is possibile Potomac River, affords a breathtaking view extracting their bills. They may not be the between lavender wild bergamot and of the Falls. The diversity of habitats along most effective pollinators. If you have both scarlet bee balm where both species grow the Potomac River setting of this Park red "bee balm" and lavender wild bergamot wild in the Shenandoah Valley and results in a rich diversity of wiidflowers. in your garden, do visiting hummingbirds surrounding foothills. Plants with purple The third Sunday of each month I serve as prefer one color to the other? blossoms and characteristics of leaf shape, a Park volunteer and lead a 10 a.m. On wild bergamot heads, bumblebees pubescence and flower structure that are wildflower walk. I invite Annual Meeting land with a belly-flop and pick up pollen on intermediate between the two species participants to take part in this walk and to body and wings as they feed on nectar have been collected in Virginia and several enjoy the rich autumn flora of the Park. and lumber from flower to flower. Smaller other states and named Monarda media. There is a $3 entrance fee to the Park bees pick up and transfer pollen on their As a result of extensive selection and unless you have a National Park pass. legs, crawling into and among the blooms. hybridizing for horticultural purposes, you Also, on Sunday, the Manassas Butterflies are somewhat more graceful, can find monardas in pink, white, rose, Campus Nature Trail and the Campus sipping daintily with long tongues, but are red, purple and mahogany. Many are Wildflower Garden will be open for self- too large to be very effective pollinators. named cultivars: Granite Pink, Cambridge It’s All in the Timing Scarlet, Snow Maiden, Croftway Pink, guided tours. You can enjoy this lovely one-half mile long trail and the garden on With all this mechanical disturbance, Sunset, and Salmon Queen. what prevents wild bergamot from self- Catherine Tucker your own schedule and at your leisure. pollinating or in-breeding? Most of the Botany Chair Prince William Wildflower Society is time, differential maturation within the looking forward to hosting the Annual flowers coupled with bee behavior ensures New Monarda Cultivar Meeting and sharing the diversity of cross-pollination. Ten to twelve flowers at Perennial Plants, Spring 1993, the habitats and native plants with meeting a time in an inflorescence open quarterly newsletter of the Perennial Plant participants. We hope this "sampler" of sequentially, from the center outward, Association, published a feature on fieldtrip opportunities will help to make the between about 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Only Marshalls Delight monarda, a new cultivar 1993 Annual Meeting a most enjoyable occasionally do adjacent flowers open at with Monarda fistulosa in its lineage. This meeting for VNPS members. Sign up early the same time. selection features pink flowers and shiny and enjoy the beauty of the autumn flora Stamens mature first so that pollen yellow-green leaves, and is highly resistant and of Prince William County. falling on the shorter immature stigma in to powdery mildew and moderately Marion Lobstein its "home" blossom fails to germinate. resistant to rust. Prince William Wildflower Society

August 1993 ■■ ..-.-. Page 7 — Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society — Appreciating and Identifying Grasses

Virginia's native grasses vary in form leaf, at the same intersection, is called the and see them in greater detail. Grasses do from the brownish, clump-forming collar. Occasionally, the collar may have not all look alike; you don’t have to have Andropogon scoparius, present in early clasping appendages called auricles. steady hands and keen eyesight to identify stages of old field sucession, to the wispy In grasses, the flowering part of a them — all you really need is a taxonomic sea oats and wild rice of our coasts and seedhead can be arranged in one of three key and a regional or local source book for wetlands. After mastering identification of general types: spikes, racemes or panicles. grasses in your area.* these distinctive natives, many autumn field The differences deal with whether the walkers are tempted to learn more about While you are in the field, many clues spikelets (flowers) are stalked (pedicelled) can help you with identification. Notice the grasses. The following article provides an or stalkless (sessile) on the main axis and introduction to grass identification. wide range of colors that grasses display branches of the inflorescence. and how well they complement wildflowers. In a spike, all the spikelets arise Grasses are some of the world’s most Also observe the grasses’ heights, the directly from the main stem. The spikelets common plants, but they are often species they associate with, the type of on a raceme are either stalked, or both overlooked and under-appreciated, soil they grow in, their longevity, the type stalkless and stalked on an unbranched perhaps because they are not as striking of clump or sod they form, the time of the stem. The most common type of as some of our more common showy year they turn color, and the overall seedhead, the panicle, has spikelets that wildflowers. We often don’t even see the appearance of the seedhead and individual are stalkless or stalked on branches off the true grandeur of grasses because we seed units. Be attentive to how the mature usually choose to mow them to a spikelet shatters to release the grain, how "tolerable" height. the spikelet is flattened, and the size, color Autumn is an ideal time to learn to and feel of the leaves. identify grasses because most of them Perhaps you will become good enough flower and produce mature fruit then. The at grass identification that next season you seedhead and flower have important can progress to identifying grasses in the characteristics to use when identifying field in their vegetative state. After several grasses. It is best to use reproductive seasons of study, you might get to the features to help identify grasses because point that you can "feel" the differences they are less variable than some of the between the species. vegetative charactistics. Alison Hill Terminolgy Basics Ecologist Learning to identify grasses can be a (Adapted from "Fall is the Time to Appreciate baffling experience unless you understand the Beauty of Native Grasses," Wildflower, the terms used to describe the various newsletter of the National Wildflower parts. To help you develop a vocabulary and to simplify the terminology, these Research Center, Sept. 1991) familiar words have their corresponding The spikelet, a unit of the seedhead, is scientific terms in parentheses. The really a reduced and modified flowering * Suggested Books for Virginia technical words are found in most branch with two papery bracts (glumes) at Grasses of North Carolina taxonomic keys and source books. its base. Above the glumes, one or more by Hugo Blomquist Grasses are herbaceous plants that flowers (florets) may develop in the Wildflowers of North Carolina by consist of stems (culms), roots, leaves junction (node) of the central shaft William S. Justice and C. Richie Bell. (blades), and a seedhead (inflorescence) (rachilla). of small flowers (spikelets). The structure Each individual flower consists of two Grass ID Course of a grass is as easy to understand as that bracts which enclose the flower or seed. In This month, field botanist Cris Fleming of any other plant, if you remember that most cases, the flower consists of a single- will conduct a short course Introduction grasses have both vegetative and celled ovary or pistil, three male stamens, to Grasses Indentification through the reproductive parts. and two or three mounds (lodicules). This Audubon Naturalist Society. An evening Grasses have stems that are made up flower produces the fruit or grain lecture on Thursday, August 19, will be of swollen joints (nodes) from which arise (caryopsis). In cases with multiple florets, combined with a field trip on Saturday, the leaves, branches and roots, and it is possible to have seed-bearing (perfect) August 21, to Great Falls, Virginia. For sections between those nodes, called florets and male (staminate) florets. more information, call the Audubon internodes. The leaves are typically long, Other Aids Naturalist Society at 301-652-9188. narrow, stalkless and flat, but can be V- Anyone who is determined to identify A course entitled Woody Plant shaped, folded or rounded. grasses can learn with a little practice. If Identification will also be taught by Cris At the intersection of the blade and you have problems understanding the this fall. It consists of nine evening stem is a tongue-like extension or terms, keep a good glossary with plenty of lectures, Tuesdays, Sept. 21 through Nov. appendage called the ligule. The ligule is diagrams close at hand. 23, and three Saturday morning field trips, either a parchment-like structure or a ring Get a hand lens (10X) and dissecting Oct. 2, 16 & 30. For more information, call of hairs. The region on the back of the needles so you can isolate the plant parts USDA Graduate School at 202-690-4280.

Page 8 August 1993 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society FROM NEAR AND FAR dogwood anthracnose problem in the Southeast, related to readers in Quill and A Reprieve for Yew construction site, and the cost of crushing Trowel Newsletter, June 1993, that it is not Faster than expected progress has the material to meet VDOT specifications. necessarily true that Cornus kousa, a occurred in producing a semisynthetic ver¬ More than a Pretty Face frequently suggested substitute for sion of taxol, a cancer drug derived from Author Frank Kuznik asks various flowering dogwood, is unaffected by Pacific yew tree bark (see Near and Far, specialists "What Difference Does the dogwood anthracnose. While most C. Bulletin, Aug. 1992). USDA Small-Scale Dogwood Make?" to wild ecosystems, in kousa ’Chinensis’ he has seen in infected Agriculture Today, Spring 1993, reports National Wildlife, April-May, 1993. areas don’t develop the disease, some do. that it its expected by 1995, firms will no Flowering dogwood’s disappearance as a His research has documented that these longer have to derive taxol from yew bark. food source may seriously impact rabbits, dogwoods were just as susceptible to Market for Recycled Glass deer, squirrels and over forty species of dogwood anthracnose as Cornus florida: C. sericea (redosier dogwood), C. As reported in Recycling Today, March birds which rely on dogwood fruit to controversa (giant dogwood), and a line of 1993, the Virginia Advisory Committee for survive winter, particularly in the South C. kousa ’Chinensis.’ Cornus species that Recycled Materials in Highway along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Dogwood were not totally immune to the disease but Construction recently heard some great fruit has one of the highest fat contents of showed only minor leaf spotting when news. VDOT engineers calculate that any food in the forest, important to birds exposed are C. alternifolia (pagoda highway construction could accommodate bulking up for migration, and game birds dogwood), C. amomum (silky dogwood), all the broken and mixed glass generated and mammals putting on fat for the winter. C. mas (Cornelian cherry dogwood) and a in Virginia for the foreseeable future. Maps showing the progress of the line of C. kousa ’Chinensis.’ (Virginians purchase approximately deadly dogwood anthracnose trace the 120,000 tons of glass products annually.) spine of the Appalachian mountains where Return of a Native VDOT calculates that it requires 18,773 conditions are ideal for the fungus — William Stolzenburg spreads good tons of base material beneath each mile of shady, wet and cool. Acidity in East Coast news about Canby’s dropwort, Oxypolis highway constructed. Suitably crushed rain and snow aids survival of the disease. canbyi, in Nature Conservancy, May 1993. glass is equivalent to sand and other sub¬ Anthracnose fungal spores are carried This cousin of the carrot, once widespread base materials used. by wind, rain, and many migratory birds. throughout coastal wetlands of the mid- VDOTs conclusion is that all mixed Until some naturally disease-resistant trees Atlantic region, has made a cautious return broken glass currently generated in reproduce or the disease dies down to the wild after a much-needed hiatus in Virginia each year could be accommodated (neither occurrence is likely in our lifetime), captivity. In 1989, in a desperate attempt in less that a mile of newly constructed the hardy few dogwoods that tolerate the to propagate the species, botanists moved pavement. In fact, all discarded glass blight will be garnered by plant pathologists two of the three known survivors north of could be used in less than seven miles of in hopes that one of the trees holds a North Carolina to the North Carolina highway construction. The remaining resistance that can be reproduced. Botanical Garden. Although no seeds have issues involve VDOT’s willingness to And More Bad News been produced, dozens of offspring have authorize contractors to use this material, Mark Windham of the University of sprouted from the roots, sixty of which transporting the crushed glass to the Tennessee, a lead researcher on the were returned to their wetland home. i-1 See the address label for your membership’s expiration date. The Bulletin is published four times a year VNPS Membership/Renewal Form (March, May, August, November) by Name(s) Virginia Native Plant Society Address P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22003 (703) 368-9803 City State Zip _ Nicky Staunton, President Individual $15 _Family $25 _Student $10 Virginia Klara Nathan, Editor Patron $50 _Sustaining $100 _Life $400 Barbara Stewart, Artist

Associate (group) $40; delegate Original material contained in the Bulletin may be reprinted, provided credit is given To give a gift membership or join secondary chapters: Enclose dues, name, address, and to the author, if named. Readers are chapter. (Secondary chapter dues are one-third your primary dues.) invited to send letters, news items, or | I wish to make an additional contribution to_VNPS_Chapter original articles for the editor’s consideration. They should be typed in the amount of_$10_$25_$50_$100 $_ (double spaced, please) or sent as a _Check here if you do not wish your name _Check here if you do not wish j DOS text file to the Editor at Rt. 3 Box | to be exchanged with similar organizations. to be listed in a chapter directory. J 119-F, Floyd, VA 24091.

Make check payable to VNPS and mail to: The deadline for the next issue is VNPS Membership Chair, Route 1 Box 381, Delaplane, VA 22025 October 10. i_i

August 1993 Page 9 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Chapter News Coming Events Commemorating a Loss For Fun & Prizes Native Plant Symposium Shenandoah Chapter sadly reports To test members’ memories and Return of the Natives the passing of long-time VNPS member botanical skills, several chapters have Thursday, August 26 Bill True, In memorial, the Chapter published custom-made crossword puzzles This one-day native plant symposium donated a book to the Augusta County in their newsletters. John Clayton is sponsored by The Irvine Natural Science Library inscribed "In memory of William Chapter devised a matching game for its Center, St. Timothy’s School, Stevenson, True, valued member of the Shenandoah Spring quarterly. Some chapters even offer Maryland; 410-484-2413. Chapter, Virginia Native Plant Society." a prize to the member who sends in the Wetlands Courses first completed puzzle. Also in Memorial Marion Lobstein will conduct a two- Donations of time and funds from Native Highlighted credit course BIO 295-73M, Special Potowmack Chapter have made possible Nancy Arrington, VNPS Horticulture Topics in Wetland Plants at NVCC, a wildflower display garden on a hillside Chair and PWWS founder, published an Manassas. The course will concentrate on next to the CIA’s main entrance in article on the Virginia native, blue star identification and ecology of wetland McLean. The garden is part of a memorial (Amsonia tabernaemontana) in the May plants. Lectures on four Wednesdays, 4:30 to two CIA workers who were killed and issue of Horticulture. k p.m., Oct. 13 to Nov. 3. Fieldtrips Oct. 16 three other men who were wounded by a & 30, and an overnight Nov. 6 & 7. FMI: lone gunman on Jan. 25, 1993. At the 703-323-3000 Ext. 6643 or 703-536-7150. June dedication ceremony, survivors of the These wetlands courses are being attack, their families, and the families of Editor Leaving— ^ \\ offered at NVCC, Woodbridge. For more those slain symbolically sowed wildflower HELP WANTED information, call 703-878-5755. seeds into the garden. After four years of producing the Winter Wetland Plant Identification - Bulletin, I will be acquiescing to the needs Good Coverage a two-day course using keys and of my young family and resigning from my Pocahontas Chapter appeared two distinguishing characteristics in the field. position as editor. I have truly enjoyed places at once at the Maymont Flower Instructor, William Sipple, wetland working from my home in this capacity for Show. Some volunteers staffed a ecologist with EPA and author of EPA’s VNPS. It has allowed me to learn many wildflower display, while others answered wetland delineation manual. Dec. 10 & 11. aspects of Virginia’s geology, geography, questions in a booth sponsored by local botany, and conservation issues. Identification of Grasses, Sedges & TV and radio stations. A hiring committee has been formed to Rushes for Wetland Delineation - a two- A Powerful Book find a new editor for the quarterly Bulletin. day intensive field-oriented course taught Piedmont Chapter members want you Needed for the job are writing and editing by William Sipple and botanical consultant to see and spread the word about Noah’s ability, newsletter layout and design skill, Yvette Ogle. September 24 and 25. Garden by Sara Stein. The text has so computer word processor proficiency, and Wetland Ecosystems - a three-day influenced the Chapter’s board that they the desire to find out more about our course which will review selected physical, have given copies to developers and Society. Interested parties may send chemical and biological aspects of various county supervisors. Copies are available resumes to Mark Gatewood, VNPS tidal and non-tidal wetlands in the mid- for $15 from Effie Fox, P.O. Box 3362, Publications Chair, 132 Wayburn St., Atlantic states. Instructor William Sipple. Warrenton, VA 22186; 703-347-4090. Churchville, VA 24421. October 29 & 30, and November 6.

Non-Profit Organization U.S. Postage Virginia Native Plant Society PAID P.O. Box 844 PERMIT NO. 347 Annandale, VA 22003 Springfield, VA

IHt NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN LIBRARY-SERIALS & EXCHANGE BRONX, NY 10458-5126 SEP 1 3 1993

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Urban Woods and Wetlands Registered 1993 Annua! Meeting The newest VNPS Registry site is a clematis (Clematis ochroleuca) and stiff Wet and Wonderful section of James Long Park, a Prince aster (Aster linariifolius), occur in this The VNPS Annual Meeting weekend, William County park located off Route 15 community. September 17-19, arrived as the previous in western Prince William County. The site, The James Long Park Registry site week’s sunny weather came to a close. which was admired by over a dozen VNPS provides an opportunity for enjoyment of Friday evening was a drizzly affair, but it members on an Annual Meeting fieldtrip, is native wildflower species and also didn’t dampen the spirits of the one of the few natural areas left represents an important buffer along participants. While a tour of the wildflower undeveloped in the Park. Catharpin Creek. Both housing and garden and nature trail at NVCC — James Long Park is a multiple-use commercial development is planned for Manassas Campus was rained out, VNPS area with a branch library, recycling center, properties on the other side of Route 15, members enjoyed several indoor events. tot-lot and picnic facilities located on the across from or very near the Park. The Nancy Herwig, Co-Chair of PWWS Annual property. The bulk of the Park property has impact on the drainage patterns and on Meeting Committee, engaged the diverse been developed for athletic field activities, other natural areas along the corridor will group in an ice-breaking scavenger hunt. such as soccer and tee-ball, with recent be great as these developments are Members enthusiastically completed hunt additions of a horse exercise rink and pursued in the near future, as expanded lists by finding specific people; i.e., riding trails. Each fall a reenactment of a development continues in western Prince members from other chapters, left¬ Civil War encampment and battle, William County. The nearby developments handers, gardeners and world travelers. involving over one thousand participants, is will encroach on the quality of the habitat carried out, much of it near the new of the wetland area of the Registry site. As Registry site. The recently registered area includes future development occurs, the wet two different plant communities that are meadow area along Catharpin Creek, in next to each other: a wet meadow that particular, will be even more important in parallels Catharpin Creek and an upland flood control and water quality control. woods that slopes down to that same Prince William Wildflower Society stream. In the wet meadow, a substantial (PWWS) worked closely with the Prince number of closed or bottle gentian William Park Authority to register this (Gentiana clausa) can be observed in late special urban site. The level of cooperation fall. This species-rich wetland is also and encouragement extended by the Park habitat for other showy species such as Authority in this effort is greatly Prince William’s Botany Chair and cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis), New appreciated. PWWS looks forward to NVCC Assistant Professor Marion Lobstein working with the Park Authority in the York ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis), presented a slide lecture on "The future to register other sites on county park buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), Exchange of Medicinal Plants Between the lands. both monkey flower species (Mimulus Old and New Worlds", dedicating it to Marion Lobstein alatus and M. ringens), mistflower David Arrington, who had passed away Prince William Botany Chair {Eupatorium coelestinium), and many several days earlier. David was a member others which provide a colorful display in A recently updated list of species for both of Prince William Chapter and husband of late summer and into the fall. habitats in James Long Park has been Nancy Arrington, VNPS Horticulture Chair. The upland woods is dominated by developed and is available on request from This sad loss was a quite a blow to Prince oaks with an understory of fringe trees Marion Lobstein, 1815 N. Roosevelt St., William Wildflower Society and to all who (Chionanthus virginicus). Several less Arlington, VA 22205. Please send a self- knew David. common plants, including curly-heads addressed, stamped envelope. (Continued on page 3) Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society ..— Your Input FROM THE PRESIDENT Autumn sunlight shining through Affects Legislation amber, russet, scarlet leaves tells us that Virginia’s new legislative year runs we’ve come to a season change. At the January 12 through March 12, 1994. Get same time, this "closing out" season reveals to know your legislators and share with tiny primary leaves under garden refuse, and them how important you feel legislation is tree buds are evident, preparing for spring to protect native plant habitats. VNPS will flora explosions. No need to be sad at the try to keep you informed about important death of one season because the next is bills and resolutions by phone tree, as this receiving "the baton" as the seasonal rely Bulletin is the last you will receive until the laps evolve. legislative session is completed. Our flora season began with the On Species Listing delicate blue of Virginia bluebells. Now we The Department of Agriculture and close the season with the rich royal blue of Consumer Services (VDACS) is the closed gentian. Gratitude fills our hearts for agency in Virginia charged to list both the glories of Virginia’s native flora. And we Endangered Species and Noxious Plants. are grateful for ourfellow "wildflower friends" The Board, composed of persons primarily who have worked diligently through the past oriented toward agricultural crops and year to conserve Virginia’s native flora. consumer-oriented businesses, often asks, More immediately, thanks must be given to our hosts for this year’s VNPS Annual "What is the importance of this plant Meeting: Prince William Wildf lower Society. Nancy Vehrs (President), Nancy Herwig recommended for listing as endangered?" (Programs), Claudia Thompson-Deahl (Youth program), Martha Slover (Auction), Marion If you tell your representative to VDACS Lobstein (Fieldtrips), Jeanne Endrikat (Computer records), Keith Hawkins and Marion Board the importance of endangered Lobstein (Fieldtrip leaders), Marie Davis, Nancy Arrington, Helen Winn, Joann Krumviede native species, you will be doing valuable ... all willing helpers ... along with many un-named members. work for your plant friends. Out of many Special thanks to the volunteers from other Chapters and from outside our Society: imperiled plant species in Virginia, only six Catharine Tucker (Pocahontas) and Cris Fleming (Potowmack) who led fieldtrips, as did have been recommended this year for Yvonne Shultz of Mason’s Neck Wildlife Refuge and Jim Waggener of Prince William listing as endangered. Read the article on Natural Resources Council. Nick Arrington, a professional auctioneer, generously gave his page 4, then call Faith Campbell 202-783- services, crowding in several hours of bidding after a full day of tractor auctioning. 7800 to find out the name of your VDACS Our auctions (live and silent) brought in approximately $1200. Sincere thanks to each Board representative. of you who sent items and bid at the auction ... a wonderful array — canoe and sailboat On VDGIF Funding trips, a Franklinia tree, several native plant collections, many books including a signed copy of Hedgemaids and Fairy Candles donated by author Jack Sanders; gift certificates Funding for Virginia Department of given by White Oak Nursery of Catharpin, Virginia, and many other exciting finds. The Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) work proceeds from your generosity will help VNPS programs in the coming year. has historically come from Hunting and Fishing Licenses. With an ever-growing The location for the 1994 Annual Meeting of VNPS will be announced in the next Bulletin, but make note now to join us to share in our 1994 year-end celebration. constituency of "non-consumptive users" (hikers, for example) and a reducing Nicky Staunton numbers of hunters, there has been a shortfall of funding for the agency’s work. P.S. Jack Sanders’ book, a delightful anthology of folklore about wildflowers, is published by Ragged Mountain Press, McGraw-Hill Inc. The VDGIF Director’s Funding Initiative includes a proposed $6 per year Use P.P.S. Through word of mouth and response to inquiries generated by several lines I wrote Permit for citizens who "otherwise" use Department facilities. (Other sources of in the August Bulletin, openings on the VNPS sponsored trip to the Bruce Peninsula have increased funding are proposed from the been filled. However, do not let that discourage you from letting us know if you would like General Funds of Virginia, Watercraft to travel to this Canadian botanical paradise with Leader Doug Coleman and me as Co¬ Sales and Use Tax, a percent of Sales leader. Cancellations may allow persons on the waiting list to participate. Our dates are Tax, and specific license increases.) June 11-18. You can call Doug at 804-325-2200 Ext. 988 or contact me at 703-368-9803. As a member of the VDGIF Citizens Advisory Board, I endorse the Use Permit Changes to the Board concept. This is the only direct way that Great thanks to members of the VNPS Board who have completed their elected terms we, who enjoy places such as the trillium or have needed to resign: Chris Clampitt, Bob Eubank, Ken Wieringo, Gale Roberts, Anne colonies on the Thompson Wildlife Haynes, and Michael Hill. We are fortunate to have had them work for the Society. Management Area, can contribute to Re-elected to the Board are Jim Minogue, Liz Smith, Ted Scott, Dorothy Bliss, Nancy specific work projects. For a copy of these Arrington, and Gay Bailey. Thank you for your continued service. proposals, write to David Whitehurst, New to the Board are Frank Coffey (1st Vice President); Elaine Smith (Corresponding VDGIF, P.O. Box 11104, Richmond VA Secretary); Faith Campbell and Pat Baldwin (Directors-at-Large); and Janis Miller (John 23230-1104. Clayton), Nancy Luria (Potowmack), and Elizabeth Kyger (Shenandoah), newly elected (Continued on page 4) chapter presidents.

Page 2 November 1993 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society .--- Wet and Wonderful When Old Meets New (Continued from page 1) Marion Blois Lobstein, Assistant of wild ginger now known to have Saturday morning the skies were gray Professor at NVCC, was on familiar turf antiseptic properties. and the air was cool, but most members when she presented her talk "The were willing to take a chance on the Exchange of Medicinal Plants between the weather to view some wonderful Old and New Worlds", at the Annual wildflowers. Armed with field guides and Meeting Friday gathering on NVCC — picnic supplies, fieldtrip participants set off Manassas Campus. Lobstein’s topic grew to diverse parts of Prince William County. out of two questions which came to her as Unfortunately, the clouds poured out their she viewed the "Seeds of Change" exhibit contents, and many members returned at the National Museum of Natural History with wet clothes. The poor canoe trip in 1991: What was the state of health and participants had been in the middle of the medical practices of Europeans and Native river when the downpour came! Americans in 1492, and what was the As the afternoon fieldtrips began, the impact of the exchange of knowledge of weather cleared and warmed. Spirits medicinal plants that occurred? When early Spanish explorers, first soared at the sightings of bluehearts, The State of Health encountered the Aztec culture, they were Buchnera americana, in Manassas very interested in the advanced medical In the late fifteenth century, the National Battlefield Park and closed techniques and medicinal plant knowledge average European lived in crowded, gentians, Gentiana clausa, at the new of the Aztecs; over 1200 species of unsanitary conditions that bred and spread Registry site at James Long Park. medicinal plants were purportedly in use. diseases and parasitic worms. Dietary Saturday evening’s program began Early adoption by the Spanish and other deficiencies developed from a with a lively social hour and silent auction. Europeans of the use of cinchona bark, a contaminated and nutrient-deficient diet. After the Society’s business meeting, source of quinine, to treat malaria soon Many of medicinal practices were based members feasted on a delectable buffet. occurred. Tragically, this period of respect on the work of Dioscories, a first century Auctioneer Nick Arrington led the bids for and exchange of knowledge was short¬ B.C. physician. They involved the about sixty items and services which lived, as more conservative Spanish "balancing" of humors by practices such as ranged from books to boat trips. Naturalist explorers destroyed the Aztec culture. blood-letting and the use of purgatives. Doug Elliott entertained the audience with Early English and French explorers Often the choice of medicinal plants was his stories from the woods. His folksy style and colonists were more willing to based on the "doctrine of signatures" (the charmed most listeners. exchange information about medicinal idea that a plant part resembling the Sunday morning many members took plants with Native Americans. The French afflicted human body part would provide advantage of one of two additional explorer Cartier was losing his crew to the effective treatment) with the concept of fieldtrips. Some toured local wildflower ravages of scurvy when he found Native disease being punishment for evil deeds. gardens, while others hiked in Great Falls Americans using the bark of some conifers Pre-Columbian Native Americans lived Park in neighboring Fairfax County. Board as a source of vitamin C. In Quebec and mainly in small groups in relative harmony members conducted their meeting, then other French colonies, French and Native with nature and, in North America, with managed an afternoon fieldtrip to American medicinal practices blended as only the dog and turkey as domesticated Manassas National Battlefield Park. a result of intermarriage and conversion of animals. The cities were more sanitary and many Native Americans to Christianity. the quality of personal hygiene much Europeans brought to the New World higher than that of the Europeans; several serious diseases, including however, Native Americans were not living smallpox, diphtheria and typhoid fever. in a disease-free paradise. Diseases, Following contact with both white men and parasitic infections, dietary deficiencies, their diseases, American Natives eagerly and food poisoning occurred. adopted European medicinal plants to deal Medical Know-how with the deadly new diseases. Some Old As a group, pre-Columbian Native World medicinal plants, many of which are Americans had a vast knowledge of the now considered lawn or roadside "weeds", identification, uses, preparations and quickly naturalized, for example, coltsfoot. Prince William Wildflower Society was dosages of medicinal plants. Some tribes Culpepper in his European herbal of pleased to host this year’s Annual Meeting. developed their own versions of the the mid-1600s lists many species We hope there was something for "doctrine of signatures", used purgatives introduced from the New World. One group everyone, and we encourage all members, and sweat baths, and included a spiritual of plants widely used by Native Americans especially those who have never come to element in the healing process. Native and quickly adopted in Europe were the an annual meeting, to think seriously about American tribes north of Mexico had an Lobelias. Linnaeus assigned the Latin attending one of these fun, educational estimated 750 or more species of epithet Lobelia siphilitica to great blue events. medicinal plants in use to treat routine lobelia based on its purported use to treat Nancy Vehrs problems. Many of their techniques used syphilis. Prince William Wildflower Society near-aseptic measures, including the use (Continued on page 7)

November 1993 Page 3 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Legislation State Lags in Species Protection (Continued from page 2) Under the Commonwealth’s Small-anthered bittercress, Cardamine On National Concerns Endangered Plant and Insect Species Act, micranthera, is found in wet areas and The formation of a National Institute for only fourteen imperiled plants are currently streambanks along small streams in the Environment has been proposed to protected. Some members of the Virginia Patrick County, Virginia, and adjacent focus exclusively on the environment, Department of Agriculture and Consumer North Carolina; five of the nine sites are in bridging the National Science Foundation Services (VDACS) wish to offer protection Virginia. Its habitat is being invaded by the and the Environmental Protection Agency. to an additional six species of plants and exotic species, Japanese honeysuckle, Patterned after the National Institute of two species of insects. All six plant species Lonicera japonica. Other threats include Health, its goals would be to conduct involved are either already listed under the agriculture and residential development, problem-focused research, to provide federal Endangered Species Act or are and disruption of the streams and seeps. comprehensive assessments, to expand candidates for such protection. access to environmental information, and Unfortunately, the concerned VDACS to strengthen the capacity to address members have been unable to persuade environmental issues by sponsoring VDACS Commissioner, Clinton Turner, to education and training. A copy of the place the issue on the agenda for the proposal is available free from the quarterly meetings of the Department’s Committee for the National Institute for the Board. Without the Board’s approval, no Environment, 730 11th Street NW, formal steps can be taken to safeguard Washington, DC 20001-4521; 202-628- these plants in Virginia 4303. State coordinator is Dr. Joseph C. Special Species Mitchell, Department of Biology, University Of the species Sensitive joint-vetch, Aeschynomene of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173. concerned, two are virginica, occurs in slightly brackish tidal A National Biological Survey has been found only in Virginia. marshes along river shorelines from proposed by Secretary of the Interior Two others are found southern New Jersey to North Carolina. Bruce Babbitt to "expand and improve the in Virginia and only About half the total world population is at biological information available to decision one other state. A fifth six sites in Virginia; the largest group is makers within the Department of the species is more located on the Rappahannock River. Interior, and in other federal agencies, and widespread, but Sensitive joint-vetch is threatened by in state and local governments and the Virginia’s population is construction, dredge and fill operations, private sector. For instance, the NBS will considered crucial to damming of tributaries, and accumulation help ensure that management of National the species’ survival. of flotsam. Parks, National Wildlife Refuges, and Two wild clematis, Smooth coneflower, Echinacea Bureau of Land Management lands is Addison’s leatherflower, Clematis addisonii, laevigata, occurs from Virginia south to coordinated." Only qualified taxonomists and Millboro leatherflower, C. viticaulis, are Georgia, but it is rare throughout this would collect data, and private land would found only in a few mountainous counties range. Fifteen populations are known in not be entered without the owner’s in Virginia. Addison’s leatherflower is twelve counties in the piedmont and knowledge and permission. "Cooperative extremely rare even within its restricted mountains of Virginia. Research Units of NBS are collaborative range. The largest populations are in Sun-facing condflower, Rudbeckia ventures among federal agencies (FWS, Montgomery and Botetourt Counties. heliopsidis, is known from a few sites in NPS, or BLM) and a state university, and Threats to Addison’s leatherflower come Virginia, North and South Carolinas, and in many cases a state fish and game from road widening, quarrying, intensive Alabama. The only known locality in agency", according to Babbitt. logging, and grazing. Millboro leatherflower Virginia is a moist roadside in Prince grows only on south-facing shale barrens George County. in Bath and Rockbridge Counties. The As time continues to pass without principal threats are bulldozing the shale legislation in the Commonwealth to protect slopes for landfill material, shading by these botanical treasures in Virginia, the trees, and fire. fragile status of these species becomes Leo’s clover, Trifolium sp. 1 more imperiled. Concerned VNPS (calcarium), (also called running glade members can write to Commissioner clover) is known from only two locations in Clinton Turner, Virginia Department of Several other critically important bills the world, one of which is in Lee County, Agriculture and Consumer Services, P.O. soon will be considered by Congress. If Virginia. Within Lee County, twenty-four Box 1163, Richmond, VA 23209, to urge you would like more information on the populations have been located, all within a prompt action to list these endangered National Biological Survey or other twelve square kilometer area. The principal plant species. environmental legislation, please let me threat to the Virginia population is Faith Campbell know; I will send you a fact sheet. proposed construction of a state prison VNPS Director-at-Large Nicky Staunton and an airport at The Cedars. Alternative (Illustration of C. addisonii by Megan Rollins; VNPS President sites for these projects exist. illustration of A. virginica by Meryl Lee Hall)

Page 4 November 1993 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society The Society Store The Virginia Native Plant Society and several of its Chapters offer a variety of interesting items for sale at reasonable and sometimes discount costs. Some items, such as VNPS patches and certain checklists, are exclusives, available no where else. Puruse the list below for holiday gift ideas and augmentations to your own array of botanical assets. Please contact the individuals or chapters listed to make purchases by mail. Piedmont Bookstore VNPS Patches Piedmont Chapter offers a wide variety Smartening up your trekking outfit or of nature books. Currently available titles: other casual attire with VNPS logo Growing and Propagating Showy Native patches. An attractive, blue and green Woody Plants by Richard Bir $18.95 design depicts Virginia’s native habitats on Growing Woodland Plants by C. & E. this 3-inch round patch. Order by sending Birdseye $4.95 a SASE with $.52 postage and a $3 check Pruning: A Step-by-Step Guide... by (payable to VNPS) to Pat Baldwin, 430 Christopher Brickell $10.95 Yale Drive, Hampton, VA 23666. Grasses: An Identification Guide by Lauren Books and Gifts Brown $10.95 Items to order from VNPS: Honeysuckle Sipping: The Plant Lore of Good Books! Childhood by Jeanne Chesanow $10.95 Blue Ridge Offerings Blue Ridge Wildflower Society sells a Fall Wildflowers of the Blue Ridge and Dictionary of Plant Names by Allen distinctive, colorful Blue Ridge Wildflower Smokey Mountains by Oscar Gupton and Coombes $10.95 Patch for $3. Fred Swope $12.95 A Sierra Club Naturalist’s Guide to the In addition, Blue Ridge Chapter carries Wild Orchids of the Middle Atlantic States Piedmont by Michael Godfrey $9.95 the following checklists: by Oscar Gupton and Fred Swope $12.50 The Wildflower Meadow Book: A Spring Wildflowers of the Blue Ridge $1 Wildflowers of Tidewater Virginia by Oscar Gardener’s Guide by Laura Martin $16.95 Ferns and Fern Relatives of Virginia $1 Gupton and Fred Swope $10.95 Growing with Gardening: A Twelve-Month Trees, Shrubs & Woody Vines of VA $1 Growing and Propagating Wild Flowers by Guide for Therapy, Recreation and To order items above, send a check Harry Phillips $16.95 Education by Bibby Moore $14.95 plus a self-addressed stamped business¬ Spring Wild Flowers of West Virginia by Newcomb’s Wildflower Guideby Lawrence sized (#10) envelope to BRWS, P.O. Box Earl Core $4.95 Newcomb $16.95 20385, Roanoke, VA 24018-0039. Gardening with Wildflowers and Native Growing and Propagating Wildflowers by Plants, BBG Handbook #119 $5.90 Harry Phillips $16.95 PWWS Offerings Wetlands by William Niering $15.95 The Bluebird Book, The Butterfly Book, These regional checklists are offered Great Stocking Stutters! and The Hummingbird Book. All three are by Prince William Wildflower Society: Booklets and reprints: by D. & L. Stokes. Each $10.95 Spring Wildflowers of Northern Virginia $2 Mowing Cycles and Native Roadside Special Discount Prices! Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines of Plants by Kim Herman $3.50 Earth in Balance: Ecology and the Human Northern Virginia $2 Wildflowers Recommended for Cultivation Spirit by Al Gore (list $22.95) VNPS $16 Summer and Fall Wildflowers of Northern in Virginia (6 pages) $1.50 Noah’s Garden: Restoring the Ecology of Virginia $3 Habitat Considerations and a Habitat Key Our Own Backyard by Sara Stein (list (Checklists above can be purchased by for Landscaping (4 pages) $1.00 $21.95) VNPS $15 writing to PWWS and enclosing a SASE Sources of Native Plants and Wildflowers A good idea for school-aged children: business-sized (#10) envelope with $.52 (3 pages) Free American Wild Flowers Coloring Book by postage.) Wildflower Conservation Guidelines Free Paul Kennedy $2.95 The Flora of Prince William County $3.52 10 VNPS Note Cards - 5 designs by Book orders may be placed with Effie (This checklist is too large for a regular Staff Artist Barbara Stewart $6.50 Fox, VNPS - Piedmont Chapter, P.O. Box envelope; price includes postage & All items above can be ordered from 3362, Warrenton, VA 22186; 703-347- envelope.) Phoebe White, Route 1 Box 381, 4090. Prices are subject to VA sales tax Other publications available: Delaplane, VA 22025. and postage. Gardening with Wildflowers and Native Plants published by the Brooklyn Botanic Gift Memberships Garden $5 (includes postage) You provide a gift to a friend and to the Storey Publishing Bulletins: Society whenever you give a gift Grow a Butterfly Garden by Wendy Potter- membership to VNPS. An individual Springer $5 (includes postage) membership costs only $15, but the Creating a Wildflower Meadow by Henry benefits come for a whole year. To bestow W. Art $5 (includes postage) this special present, send the membership Send requests for these checklists and form on page 7 along with a check to bulletins to PWWS, P.O. Box 83, VNPS Membership Chair Phoebe White, Manassas, VA 22110. Route 1 Box 381, Delaplane, VA 22025.

November 1993 Page 5 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society

organized, large-format guidebook State Park and For Your Library consolidates a wealth of information on Preserve Acquisitions Noah’s Garden by Sara Stein (1993; over 150 wetland species that can be used in wetland planting projects in the The Department of Conservation and Houghton Mifflin Co.; $21.95 retail; VNPS Recreation has been making excellent special price $15 plus tax and shipping. northeastern US. In notebook format, one progress toward the acquisition of new Available from Effie Fox, Piedmont species is illustrated and discussed per natural areas and parks, providing public Chapter, 703-347-4090) Gardeners and page; botanical and common names, access to existing natural area preserves and native plant enthusiasts alike are physical characteristics, habitat, planting improvements to state parks. The Pinnacle applauding this outstanding book. True to guidelines, geographic distribution, Natural Area Presen/e was recently added to its subtitle, "Restoring the Ecology of Our hydrologic considerations, and wildlife the State Natural Area Preserve System with Own Backyards", this benchmark book benefits are recorded for each species. the assistance of Russell County and The chronicles the efforts and re-education of a This manual is intended for landscape Nature Conservancy. Land acquisition naturalist/gardener as she and her designers and wetland "restorers", but it options have been signed on properties in husband landscaped their new property. would be helpful to gardeners, too. the City of Virginia Beach and Roanoke They began by clearing, hauling and County. These acquisitions will provide land digging; later, realizing that they had Rodale’s Illustrated Encyclopedia of necessary for public access and protection of "banished the animals from this paradise", Perennials by Cole Burrell and Ellen rare species at the North Landing River and they restored natural areas and created Phillips (1993; Rodale Press; $27.95) This Poor Mountain Natural Area Preserves. gardens that are natural communities as comprehensive text, co-authored by a Three new state parks have been purchased: well as places of planned beauty. This VNPS founder (Burrell), contains many Belle Isle on the Rappahannock River, a park book provides inspired direction and is attractive color photographs and much on the James River in Buckingham County, packed with useable wisdom for all who solid practical guidance on growing and the Karian property in Lee County. want to make their yards and communities perennials, including a balanced The Division of Natural Heritage expects species-rich. (Excerpted from a review by discussion of the place of native plants in to purchase fifteen natural areas with the Jocelyn A. Sladen, Piedmont Chapter) perennial gardens. $11,475,000 provided by the 1992 Park and Natural Areas Bond Referendum. Negotia¬ tions have been initiated on twenty-three Nursery Sources of Native Plants of the A Gardener’s Guide to Plant sites to date. Our focus is on areas harboring Southeastern United States by Jan Conservation by Nina Marshall (1993; the state and the nation’s most endangered Midgiey (1993; Wildflower, 2292 Dunster World Wildlife Fund and Garden Club of species and exemplary natural communities. Lane, Rockville, MD 20854; $9 plus $1.25 America; WWF Publications Many of the landowners the Division of p&h) In his review, "Leo" Collins, Editor of Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 4866, Hampden Natural Heritage contacts had no thoughts of Native Notes newsletter, calls this book a Station, Baltimore, MD 21211; $12.95 plus selling their property prior to our discussions "must have" for native plant enthusiasts in $2 p&h) Several native plant specialists with them. Much of our work has involved the Southeast and adjacent areas. This maintain that this volume contains the best negotiating with the owners and attempting to very thorough sourcebook lists nursery available information to help gardeners convince them to part with their distinctive sources for over 1400 native species of concerned about plant conservation know properties. We expect to close on three wildflowers, ferns, grasses and woody what to buy and what to avoid. This natural area acquisitions by the end of 1993 plants. Nearly 100 nurseries, all which manual provides guidelines on how to be and several more in early 1994. propagate what they sell, are identified. certain plants from several groups, whose Natural area dedication places a populations are under pressure from restriction on the deed, protects the site in The Native Plant Sourcebook for commercial trade, are not endangered, perpetuity and from condemnation, and Virginia by Brian Dobyns (1993; Native threatened or protected by law. Extensive places it into DCR’s Natural Area Preserve Landscape Design, 1138 Willow Woods lists report the status of available North System. When the Division of Natural Drive, Aiken, SC 29803; $3 plus p&h) This American native species as "wild Heritage finds owners who truly have no tidy booklet, one in a state-by-state series collected", "propagated", or both. interest in selling their property, other by Dobyns, is an initial attempt to protection techniques are proposed. Options document native plants available in Taylor’s Guide to Natural Gardening include: conservation easements, manage¬ nurseries located throughout Virginia. edited by Roger Holmes (1993; Houghton ment agreements, and DCR’s Natural Area Since only thirty-four nurseries are named, Mifflin Co.; $16.95) The major premise of Registry Program. Natural area registry is a the booklet is far from complete, but it is a voluntary agreement which places no this book is to learn to work with nature in restrictions on the land owner, but start. A short list of mail order sources our surroundings, using plants which are establishes an informal arrangement for located outside the state appears at the well adapted to local conditions. Like other protection of the rare species or exemplary end. All nurseries mentioned propagate the guides in the Taylor Series, this work community on the land. plants they sell. contains guidance in essay and Thanks to your support, your Virginia encyclopedia form. An essay describes the Natural Area Preserve System and State Wetland Planting Guide for the habitats and native species of the six Parks continue to provide for the Northeastern United States by major floristic provinces in the US; conservation of our most sensitive natural Gwendolyn A. Thunhorst (1993; contributors include Kim Hawks, Sam resources. Environmental Concern Inc., P.O. Box P, Jones, and Craig Tufts. The encyclopedia Tom Smith St. Michaels, MD 21663; $19.95 plus $3 highlights 300 species, each selected for Director, VA Natural Heritage p&h) This clearly illustrated, well- availability and multi-season interest.

Page 6 November 1993 New York Botanical Garden Library

Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society 3 5185 00345 5746 FROM NEAR AND FAR Old Meets New (Continued from page 3) For a Quick Change Anyone Smiling? Philosophical Battles USDA economic Robert E. Lyons, of the Horticulture In the 1700s and 1800s, there was a botanist Jim Duke Department at Virginia Tech, explained battle among different groups in their "The Virginia Tech Transplanted Meadow: responds to a contro¬ approaches to medicine. Some physicians An Alternative to Direct-Seeded Meadow versy which has devel¬ sought out Native American remedies, oped over using sangui- Cultivation" in HortScience, May 1993. A while others continued to practice narine as a dentrifice in seed mixture of desired annual species traditional western medicine. Even when a can be planted in 4" by 4" pots in late "White Teeth, White Flowers", Wildflower, plant-based remedy was agreed upon and spring. After the seedlings are off to a Summer 1993. The conflict involves two found effective, quality control of purity and issues: whether or not Viadent toothpaste good start (about one month), they can be ™ concentration of active ingredients was not transplanted, at a one-foot spacing, into a and mouthwash contain enough of the always possible. Out of the exchange of roto-tilled site. The transplants need to be toxic alkaloid to be of concern, and medicinal plant knowledge on various mulched and watered as needed. whether bloodroot (Sanguinaria levels, in the mid-1800s, the new area of Medicine canadensis), the manufacturer’s source of pharmacognosy or pharmaceutical botany sanguinarine, is in danger of overcollection. & Moniker was developed to teach pharmacists how Two camps of researchers are divided on Dyanne Fry to use plants and analyze their chemically the toxicity question; as for the source of Cortez explores the active ingredients. (This course of study is the sanquinarine, a renewable source, widespread use of no longer routinely taught.) Some of our such as the exudates from the tropical tree " M o n a r d a s : most beautiful wildflowers had medicinal Bocconia, could be substituted. Medicinal Mints of uses by Native Americans which have Distinction" among Plant Plague been clinically proven effective; for early American Photographs by VNPS Board members example, mayapple rhizome extract as an settlers in NWRS’s Ted Scott and Nicky Staunton help antiseptic and bloodroot for its antitumor Wildflower, May- illustrate the extent of the invasion of activity. June 1993. The purple loosestrife in "Purple Plague," The "collision" of Old and New World genus, species of Virginia Wildlife, July 1993. Writer Stephen medicine with the Columbian discovery of which are found in Capel, a farm and wetlands biologist in the the New World and the ensuing exchanges most parts of the the Wildlife Division of VDGIF, states that of medicinal plant knowledge forever United States, is as of 1992, twenty-five counties in Virginia changed the face of modern medicine. named for Nicolas Monardes, physician to contain naturalized stands of Lythrum Even today, the scientific search to King Philip of Spain in the late 16th salicaria. Throughout North America, the understand and use the powerful chemical century. The common name "bergamot", dollar value of losses of waterfowl and ingredients of native plants continues. borrowed from the Mediterranean muskrat foods, livestock forages, and rare (Based on "Native American Medicinal Plants: A bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia), recalls plants by this invasive alien species is 'Seed of Change’," The Northern Virginia the fragrance of some species. estimated at $230,000,000. Review, Fall 1992) i-1 See the address label for your membership’s expiration date. The Bulletin is published four times a year VNPS Membership/Renewal Form (March, May, August, November) by Name(s) Virginia Native Plant Society Address P.O. Box 844, Annandale, VA 22003 (703) 368-9803 City State Zip _ Nicky Staunton, President _Family $25 _Student $10 _Individual $15 Virginia Klara Nathan, Editor _Patron $50 _Sustaining $100 _Life $400 Barbara Stewart, Artist Associate (group) $40; delegate Original material contained in the Bulletin may be reprinted, provided credit is given To give a gift membership or join secondary chapters: Enclose dues, name, address, and to the author, if named. Readers are chapter. (Secondary chapter dues are one-third your primary dues.) invited to send letters, news items, or I wish to make an additional contribution to_VNPS_Chapter original articles for the editor’s consideration. They should be typed in the amount of_$10_$25_$50_$100_$_ (double spaced, please) or sent as a _Check here if you do not wish your name _Check here if you do not wish J DOS text file to the Editor at Rt. 3 Box to be exchanged with similar organizations. to be listed in a chapter directory. 119-F, Floyd, VA 24091.

Make check payable to VNPS and mail to: The deadline for the next issue is VNPS Membership Chair, Route 1 Box 381, Deiaplane, VA 22025 February 10.

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November 1993 Page 7 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Nominating Committee Roosevelt Island Project: Our First National Effort Looking For Next President VNPS members received an exclusive stands of non-native species such as In 1994, I will complete my second invitation by mail to share in a special day ampelopsis. Realizing that this clean-up term as President of VNPS. Prior to the on Roosevelt Island on October 23, 1993. job is more than a few VNPS members March 1994 meeting of the VNPS Board of On that day, restoration of the native can accomplish, there will be studies of Directors, our Nominating Committee will plants on the Island began. The long-range removal techniques and consultations to be busy locating a candidate for the next plan is to remove invasive alien species plan work necessary. President of the Society. Should you have from the Island, one area at a time, in October 23, 1993, was only the initial any recommendations for this post, please cooperation with the National Park Service. visit to renew Roosevelt Island. Members share them with Committee members: When suitable, native species will be from the state-wide VNPS chapters are Ann Regn (Jefferson) 804-643-7003 planted with the eventual hope that the asked to share expertise, time, plants and Anne Haynes (Potowmack) 703-836-0925 Island, a tribute to Theodore Roosevelt, enthusiasm. Mary Ann Gibbons (Piedmont) Frank Coffey (Blue Ridge) 804-332-5757 will become a showplace of native plants is commended for defining the problem Fan Williams (John Clayton) 804-229-6252 of the Mid-Atlantic region of the nation. and organizing the initial day of work and Bruce Boteler (Blue Ridge) 703-774-4072 Roosevelt Island, which is located in familiarization at Roosevelt Island. If you If you are asked to consider this the Potomac River and is managed by the were there, you may well have been in on important position, please give it serious National Park Service as part of the the groundfloor of a new area of emphasis thought, knowing that you will have a Department of the Interior, has extensive for VNPS, that of restoration. strong team of Board members to share the work. Protection Gained for Wet Meadows Sincerely, The Harry Diamond Research Several members of Prince William Nicky Staunton Laboratory Facility near Woodbridge, Chapter spent several really hot mornings Virginia, which is scheduled to be closed this summer recording a plant inventory Virginia Wildflower by the Department of Defense, has gained near the Lab. Later, Cris Fleming visited of the Year 1994 Chosen some protection by the transfer of the the site and identified several plants of With a touch of fanfare, Botany Chair wetlands areas to the U.S. Fish and special interest. Jim Waggener, an Catherine Tucker introduced the Virginia Wildlife Sevice. For the moment, some fine Audubon Society member and a new Wildflower of the Year 1994 at the VNPS upland meadows have escaped being member of PWWS, sounded the alarm on Annual Meeting. Mountain laurel, Kalmia covered by warehouses of the Library of the potential destruction of "untilled-for- latifolia, had been chosen by a fourteen- Congress. There is guarded excitement forty-years" meadows of gama grass which member committee to be the highlighted that the entire iocation will be placed in the offer habitat for migratory birds and small plant for the upcoming year. mammals, and foraging areas for raptors. Mountain laurel is the first shrub Out of these efforts has arisen a new species to be chosen as Virginia organization, the Prince William Natural Wildflower of the Year. The choice reflects Resources Council. Members will try to our Society’s broadening interest, moving recognize threats to habitats in Prince from strictly wildflower preservation toward Williams County and to share knowledge conserving all native plant species and of these precious places with elected their habitats. officials about the environmental effects of development proposals.

Non-Profit Organization U.S. Postage Virginia Native Plant Society PAID P.O. Box 844 PERMIT NO. 347 Annandale, VA 22003 Springfield, VA

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/ / NOV 2 2 1333 THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN LIBRARY-SERIALS & EXCHANGE /e— ^ BRONX, NY 10458-5126 BOTANiOi vL LL o •. J Li\i Please note the expiration date on your mailing label and renew accordingly.