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Sternotherus Odoratus (Latreille) Edgren (1960A), Albrecht (1967), Haines (1969), Zug (1971A)

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Sternotherus Odoratus (Latreille) Edgren (1960A), Albrecht (1967), Haines (1969), Zug (1971A) 287.1 REPTILIA: TESTUDINES: KINOSTERNIDAE STERNOTHERUSODORATUS Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. of tuberculate scales on the inner surface of each crus and thigh, extensive exposed skin between the interplastral seams, and the REYNOLDS,SAMUELL. ANDSEIDEL, MICHAELE. 1982. Ster• anal vent extended beyond the posterior edge of the carapace. notherus odoratus. • DESCRIPTIONS. General descriptions: Carr (1952), Ernst and Barbour (1972), Conant (1975). Osteology: Williams (1950), Sternotherus odoratus (Latreille) Edgren (1960a), Albrecht (1967), Haines (1969), Zug (1971a). Stinkpot Shell: Adler (1960), Shah (1960), Tinkle (1962). Myology: Poglay• en-Neuwall (1953), Shah (1962), Schumacher (1973). Urogenital Testudo odorata Latreille, in Sonnini and Latreille, 1802:122. system: Risley (1933), Fox (1977). Sexual dimorphism: Risley Type-locality, "les eaux dorm antes de la Caroline"; restrict• (1930). Egg: Thing (1918), Edgren (1949), Ewert (1979). Cranial ed to "vicinity of Charleston [Charleston County], South arteries: McDowell (1961), Albrecht (1967). Penial morphology: Carolina" by Schmidt (1953:87). Type specimen undesignat• Zug (1966). Coelomic epithelium: Risley (1934). Pharynx: Sieben• ed. rock (1899). Choanal structure: Parsons and Stephens (1968). Ear: Testudo glutinata Daudin, 1802:194. Type-locality, "Etats-Unis Baird (1970). Retina: Ernst et a!. (1970). Cloacal bursa: Smith and d' Amerique"; restricted to "vicinity of Lancaster [Lancaster James (1958). Glands: Hebard and Charipper (1955), Cowan County], Pennsylvania" by Schmidt (1953:87). Type speci• (1973), Ehrenfeld and Ehrenfeld (1973), Winokur and Legler men deposited in the Mus. Natur. Hist. Nat. Paris (not ex• (1974), Manton (1979). amined by authors). Emys odorata: Schweigger, 1812:313. • ILLUSTRATIONS.Color or black and white photographs of Emys glutinata: Merrem, 1820:24. adults or hatchlings are in Ernst and Barbour (1972), Conant Terrapene boscii Merrem, 1820:27. Type-locality, "America sep• (1975), and Pritchard (1979). Eggs are illustrated in Gibbons and tentrionali"; restricted to "vicinity of Philadelphia [Phila• Greene (1979). The skull is illustrated in Siebenrock (1907) and delphia County], Pennsylvania" by Schmidt (1953:87). Type Ernst and Barbour (1972). specimen undesignated. • DISTRIBUTION. Sternotherus odoratus ranges from south• Terrapene odorata: Merrem, 1820:27. eastern Canada and southern Wisconsin southward through flor• Cistuda odorata: Say, 1825:206. ida and southwest to central Texas, including eastern Iowa, Mis• Stemotherus odorata: Gray, 1825:211. First use of combination. souri, eastern Kansas and eastern Oklahoma. An old, presumably Sternothaerus odoratus: Bell, 1825:307. valid, record exists for Sauz, Chihuahua, Mexico (Moll and Wil• Clemmys glutinata: Ritgen, 1828:272. liams, 1963), however, the present status of S. odoratus in Mexico Kinostemum odoratum: Bonaparte, 1830:168. In part. needs study. Emys odoratum: Gray, 1831a:13. Kinosternon odoratum: Gray, 1831b:35. • FOSSIL RECORD. Pliocene fossils are from Clarendonian, Didicla odorata: Rafinesque, 1832:64. Trego County, Kansas (Holman, 1975). Pleistocene records are Staurotypus odoratus: Dumeril and Bibron, 1835:358. from: Clear Creek local fauna, Sangamon, Denton County, Texas Kinosternum guttatum LeConte, 1854:185. Type-locality, "Penn- (Holman, 1963); Vero, Wisconsin, Indian River County, Florida sylvania"; restricted to "vicinity of Philadelphia [philadel• (Weigel, 1962). phia County], Pennsylvania" by Schmidt (1953:87), however, Agassiz (1857:425) stated that the type was from "Upper Dar• • PERTINENTLITERATURE. Sternotherus odoratus has an ex• by [Delaware County], Pennsylvania." Holotype: Acad. Nat• tensive literature which could not be comprehensively cited due ur. Sci. Philadelphia 63 (adult male, dry mount, not exam• to space restrictions. General accounts are provided by Carr ined by authors). (1952) and Ernst and Barbour (1972). Other important references Aromochelys odoratum: Gray, 1855:46. are by topic. Ecology: Thomas and Trautman (1937), Tinkle Testudo glutinosa: Agassiz, 1857:425. (1958), Boyer (1965), Mahmoud (1969), Berry (1975). Movements Ozotheca odorata: Agassiz, 1857:425. and orientation: Cagle (1944), Williams (1952), Gibbons (1970a). Ozotheca tristycha Agassiz, 1857:425. Type-localities, "Osage Behavior: Groves (1972), Zug (1972), Graham and Hutchison River, in Missouri, and in Williamson County, in Texas (1979). Foods and feeding: Mahmoud (1968), Berry (1975). Para• ... near San Antonio, ... Medina River, in Texas"; re• sites: Ernst and Ernst (1977, 1979). Algae: Proctor (1958). Repro• stricted to "San Antonio [Bexar County], Texas" by Schmidt duction: Risley (1930, 1933, 1938), Cagle (1937), Lagler (1941), (1953:87). Syntypes: Missouri, Mus. Compo Zool. 1576 (two Edgren (1942, 1956, 1960b), Tinkle (1959, 1961), Mahmoud (1967), adult males); Texas, Mus. Compo Zool. 1574 (one male and Gibbons (1970b), Sanderson (1970), Ewert (1971, 1979), Mahmoud three females); U.S. Nat. Mus. (juveniles) 69, 71-72, San Pedro near San Antonio, Bexar County, collected by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly; U.S. Nat. Mus. 7890, Medina River, Texas, collected by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly (all syntypes examined by authors). Aromochelys guttata: Strauch, 1862:39. Aromochelys tristycha: Strauch, 1862:39. Cinosternum odoratum: Boulenger, 1889:37. • CONTENT.Stemotherus odoratus is monotypic. i! -0- • DEFINITION.Adults of both sexes are 89-136 mm in cara• Ii pace length. The olive to black adult carapace is elongate, narrow Ii and rounded in cross section; however, it may be arched with a slight median keel, flattened middorsally or have a pair of lateral keels. The carapace margin is unserrated. There are 23 marginals including the cervical, the 10th and 11th are almost twice as high as the 9th. The yellowish to brown adult plastron has exposed skin along the interplastral seams, and a single inconspicuous hinge between the pectoral and abdominal scutes. There is a single gular scute. The bridge is covered by the axillary, inguinal and lateral extensions of abdominal scutes. The head has two white or yellow stripes on each side, extending posteriorly from •••• ~._ •./ • .J the nostrils above and below the eye to the neck. These stripes may be obscure in older individuals. One or two pairs of barbels are present on the chin. The skin is grayish-olive to black and MAP. Solid circle marks the type locality, open circles other may have a mottled appearance. Males are distinguished by hav• localities. Stars mark Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil records. ing a long thick tail ending in a terminal nail, two small patches Question mark indicates unverified record. 287.2 and Klicka (1972), Iverson (1977), Ewert and Legler (1978), Moll Edgren, Richard A. 1942. A nesting rendezvous of the musk (1979). Hybridization: Folkerts (1967). Taxonomy: Siebenrock turtle. Chicago Natur. 5:63. (1907), Tinkle (1958, 1961), Frair (1972), Zug (1971b). Karyotype: 1949. Variation in the size of eggs of the turtles Chelydra Stock (1972), Killebrew (1975). Musk: Eisner et al. (1977). Mor• s. serpentina (Linne) and Stemotherus odoratus (Latreille). phology: Williams (1950), Zug (1966, 1971a), Dalrymple (1979). Natur. Hist. Misc. (53):1. Hematology: Crenshaw (1962), Frair (1963, 1977), Coin and Jack• 1956. Egg size in the musk turtle, Stemotherus odoratus son (1965), Hutchison and Szarski (1965), Sullivan and Riggs Latreille. Ibid. (152):1-3. (1967), Dessauer (1970), Jackson et al. (1971), Klicka and Mah• 1960a. A seasonal change in bone density in female musk moud (1971), Seidel (1980). Physiology: Root (1949), Edgren and turtles, Sternotherus odoratus (Latreille). Compo Biochem. Edgren (1955), Hutchison et al. (1966), Belkin (1968), Ernst (1968), Physiol. 1(3):213-217. Dunson (1979), Seidel (1980). Tissue chemistry: Klicka and Mah• 1960b. Ovulation time in the musk turtle, Sternotherus moud (1970), Jackson et al. (1974). Geographic variation: Tinkle odoratus. Copeia 1960(1):60--61. (1961). -, and Margery K. Edgren. 1955. Thermo-regulation in the musk turtle, Sternotherus odoratus Latreille. Herpetologica • ETYMOLOGY.The specific name is from the Latin odoratus, 11(3):213-217. "to have an odor," referring to the strong-scented musk produc• Ehrenfeld, Joan G., and David W. Ehrenfeld. 1973. Externally ing glands. secreting glands of freshwater and sea turtles. Copeia 1973(2):305-314. LITERATURECITED Eisner, Thomas, W. E. Conner, K. Hicks, K. R. Dodge, H. I. Adler, Kraig K. 1960. Notes on lateral expansion of the pe· Rosenberg, T. H. Jones, M. Cohen, and J. Meinwald. 1977. riphery in juveniles of Sternotherus odoratus. Copeia Stink of stinkpot turtle identified: phenylalkanoic acids. Sci• 1960(2):156. ence 196(4296):1347-1349. Agassiz, Louis. 1857. Contributions to the natural history of Ernst, Carl H. 1968. Evaporative water-loss relationships of the United States of America. Vol. 1-2. Little, Brown and turtles. J. Herpetol. 2(3-4):159-161. Co., Boston. 643 p. -, and Roger W. Barbour. 1972. Turtles of the United States. Albrecht, Phillip W. 1967. The cranial arteries and cranial Univ. Press Kentucky, Lexington. x + 347 p. arterial foramina of the turtle genera Chrysemys, Sternothe• -, and Evelyn M. Ernst. 1979. Synopsis of protozoans para• rus, and Trionyx: a comparative study with analysis of pos• sitic in native turtles of the United States. Bull. Maryland sible evolutionary implications. Tulane Stud. Zool. 14(3):81• Herpetol. Soc. 15(1):1-15. 99. -, Soedara Soenarjo, and Helen F. Hamilton. 1970. The ret• Baird,
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