Energy Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat. Energy can be found in many different forms, and transformed between them.

Law of Conservation of Energy: (First law of thermodynamics) – the total amount of energy in any closed system remains constant but energy may change from one form to another.

∆E = ∆E + ∆E universe system surrounding

Kinetic energy: energy of moving particles.

Heat is the total energy of molecular motion in a substance.

Temperature is a measure of the average energy of molecular motion in a substance. The amount of energy is proportional to the temperature (in K). The more the particles in an object move around, the higher the temperature.

Thermal Energy: is transferred through a material by the collisions of atoms within the material. Over time, the thermal energy tends to spread out through a material

Potential energy: Stored energy that’s waiting for its chance to get moving.

Chemical potential energy: The energy that’s stored Phase Changes in chemical bonds. Adding kinetic energy Removing kinetic Processes of Heat Transfer (Thermal Energy) energy Melting – solid to liquid Freezing – liquid to solid Conduction: Over time, the thermal energy tends to Evaporation – liquid to Condensation – gas to spread out through a material and from one material to gas liquid another if they are in contact. Sublimation – solid to gas Deposition – gas to solid Convection: Thermal energy can also be transferred Change in Energy: energy Change in Energy: energy is being absorbed. is being released. by means of currents in air, water, or other fluids. Motion of the Particles: Motion of the Particles: Radiation: Electromagnetic waves radiated into the the particles start to the particles start to slow environment; remember light energy? vibrate and pushing off of down each other Interaction between Endothermic Exothermic Interaction between particles: the  Heat is absorbed from  Heat is released to the particles: overcame intermolecular force pulls the surroundings surroundings intermolecular force and the particles together.  The system gains heat  The system loses heat separate. as the surroundings as the surroundings lose heat gain heat  Feels colder to the  Feels hotter to the surroundings surroundings  The temperature goes  The temperature goes down. up.