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Dry Creek Rockshelter Consists of an Archaeological Site Located Within the Shelter of a Sand­ Stone Overhang

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Dry Creek Rockshelter Consists of an Archaeological Site Located Within the Shelter of a Sand­ Stone Overhang NFS Form 10-9000 0MB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM 1. Name of Property historic name: Dry f.rp^lf other name/site number: 10-AA-68 2. Location street & number: not for publication: x city/town: ___ vicinity: state: II county: code: •• zip code: 3. Classification Ownership of Property: private Category of Property: site Number of Resources within Property: Contributing Noncontributing buildings 1 sites structures objects Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: n Name of related multiple property listing: N/A USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form Page 2 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this ^ nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ^ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. __ See continuation sheet.// . Signature of'certifying officialDate State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register criteria. __ See continuation sheet. Signature of commenting or other officialDate State or Federal agency and bureau 5. National Park Service Certification I r hereby certify that this property is: \/ entered in the National Register / ^/j/tJL \*2M1Sjp/lc It'22 ^( __ See continuation sheet. / determined eligible for the ____________________________ _______ National Register __ See continuation sheet. determined not eligible for the __________________ _______ National Register removed from the National Register _________________ _______ other (explain) : _____________ Signature of Keeper Date of Action 6. Function or Use Historic: DOMESTTr CAMP________________ Sub: Hunting, temporary FUNERARY_________________ Burials________ Current : AGRICULTURE. FTF.T.T)________ Sub: USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form Page 3 7. Description Architectural Classification: N/A___________ Other Description: ___N/A Materials: foundation N/A_______ roof walls N/A_______ other N/A Describe present and historic physical appearance. _X_ See continuation sheet. 8. Statement of Significance Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties: locally________. Applicable National Register Criteria: p___ Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) : N/A Areas of Significance: Archaeology - Prehistoric Period(s) of Significance: 3530t 85 B.P. ——l^tlUT——— /U D.r. Significant Dates : N/A ___ ___ Significant Person(s): N/A_____________ Cultural Affiliation: Great Basin Desert Culture and/or Columbia Plateau Culture Architect/Builder: N/A_______________________________ State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above, X See continuation sheet. USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form Page 4 9. Major Bibliographical References _X_ See continuation sheet. Previous documentation on file (NPS): N/A _ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested. __ previously listed in the National Register __ previously determined eligible by the National Register _ designated a National Historic Landmark _ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # ________ __ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # ________ Primary Location of Additional Data: _ State historic preservation office _ Other state agency __ Federal agency _ Local government £ University __ Other — Specify Repository: B.S.U.______________________ 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property: UTM References: Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing C D See continuation sheet. Verbal Boundary Description t ______ See continuation sheet. Boundary Justification: _X_ see continuation sheet 11. Form Prepared By Name/Title: Kevin J. PptPr and T-nrrainP Organization; scienre Ai-iraMnn* Tm-prrmt-innai Date; June 1991 Corp. Street & Number; 405 S. 8th St. #201 _______ Telephone; f208) 344-5001 City or Town; Boise ___________________ State; ID Zip; 83702 NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 7 Dry Creek Shelter Page 1 Setting The Dry Creek Rockshelter consists of an archaeological site located within the shelter of a sand­ stone overhang. Periodic utilization of the site over approximately 3000 years has resulted in the accumulation of discrete assemblages of artifacts from human activities distributed among discern­ ible stratigraphic levels. Sediments identified as living surfaces, as well as hearth features, further define the nature of the site occupation. The artifacts found throughout the shelter (predominately projectile points - dart or arrow points in changing proportions) and fauna! remains indicate that the camp "served primarily as a big-game hunting camp where small groups of hunters camped for short periods of time while hunting deer and other game in the foothills. Such activities probably took place during the colder seasons when heavy snows in the Boise Mountains forced big game into winter ranges in the foothills and river bottoms" (Webster 1978:30) kshelter consists of ited on a moderate ffm slope _ _____________^_^ Measuring 21 meters across the mi li i di 11> lln IK Hi i IUJJ M|KI UK |iidl(il it from the prevailing winds and the sun. Theshelterliesamon^a series of sandstone outcrops eroding out of the _ slope of the fllHpHPHHIFtrending drainage of Dry Creek. A set of hills separates Dry Creek from the Boise River valley to the south. To the north, the foothills continue to ascend toward the Boise Ridge. The rockshelter is a locally unique feature; a survey of the surrounding nearby sandstone outcrops revealed no other shelter of a size suitable for habitation. The rockshelter is and was well situated to provide access to a variety of resources. Dry Creek, a perennial stream, furnishes convenient water and firewood. In addition, streamside vegetation offers browse and cover to mule deer, as it probably did prehistorically. With its location at the base of the foothills of the Boise Ridge, the rockshelter*s inhabitants could have utilized resources of both the Boise River valley and the mountains. In the valley, edible grasses and roots-including wild onion, camas and arrowleaf balsamroot-and berries grew in abundance. The valley and foot­ hills also provided habitat for small and large game, including jackrabbit, sage grouse, beaver, migratory fowl, salmon and antelope. In the mountains deer, elk and sheep foraged, coming to the valley in the winter. Currently, the shelter vicinity is undeveloped, with pasturage for cattle being its primary use. There are no immediate plans for future development. The shelter itself is relatively undisturbed; some trampling by cattle and a recent campfire have minimally impacted the backfilled interior. Trees and brush camouflage the entrance from casual observation. Geology/Stratigraphy The rockshelter was formed through weathering of an exposure of Glenn's Ferry sandstone sedi­ ments positioned above Dry Creek. According to Webster's (1978:5) analysis, "the shelter fill appears to have derived primarily from windbprne sediments and mass wasting of the roof." Fill sediments ranged from fine sand with negligible amounts of rockfall to densely packed rockfall NFS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 7 Dry Creek Shelter Page 2 layers. Cultural materials comprise a small proportion of the fill in terms of volume. Although complex and difficult to trace in the center of the site, 13 stratigraphic levels were discernible. With the exception of levels 1, 2 and 4, every level contained cultural materials. Charcoal and ash appeared in most cultural levels, with radiocarbon dates obtained from three of them (the lowest two levels yielded two more dates taken from bone). Compacted surfaces, interpreted as living surfaces, appeared in all but the deepest levels, often in association with fire hearths and/or ash lenses. Excavation Researchers chose the site for its relatively undisturbed state. The rockshelter's distance from Boise and the nearest road protect it from human disturbance, as does its location on the side of a hill quite a distance above Dry Creek. The same rock overhang that protected the rockshelter inhabitants also protected the deposits from undue weathering. Excavation units consisted of five contiguous 2x2 squares, two partial squares along the rear of the shelter, and a 1 m x (approximately) 1.5 m trench from the excavated block out to the entrance of the shelter. Excavation-using trowels by both stratigraphic and arbitrary 5 cm (centimeter) levels was incorporated to maintain control of artifact recovery. Wherever possible, artifacts were recovered in situ. Additional materials were recovered through dry screening using 1/4" mesh. Features Seventeen hearths were excavated, with the majority appearing in Level 9 (estimated to date to approximately 1950 to 1710 B.P., based on a radiocarbon date of 1710 +/-75 B.P.). Hearths took three forms: 1) plain basin-shaped
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