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A Statistical Analysis of the Lithic Material from the Zemaitis Site (200T68), Ottawa County, Michigan

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A Statistical Analysis of the Lithic Material from the Zemaitis Site (200T68), Ottawa County, Michigan Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1986 A Statistical Analysis of the Lithic Material from the Zemaitis Site (200T68), Ottawa County, Michigan Michael L. Murphy Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Murphy, Michael L., "A Statistical Analysis of the Lithic Material from the Zemaitis Site (200T68), Ottawa County, Michigan" (1986). Master's Theses. 1322. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1322 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LITHIC MATERIAL FROM THE ZEMAITIS SITE (200T68), OTTAWA COUNTY, MICHIGAN by Michael L. Murphy A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan April 1986 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LITHIC MATERIAL FROM THE ZEMAITIS SITE (200T68), OTTAWA COUNTY, MICHIGAN Michael L. Murphy, M.A. Western Michigan University, 1986 An analysis of the lith ic tools and a representative sample of debitage from the Zemaitis site is presented. The methodology employed in lith ic analysis is described with the goal of compara­ b ility with other studies. Based upon this comparison i t is suggested that the major occupation of the site was during the Middle Woodland Period and the site appears to have been occupied year-round. Because the Zemaitis site was undisturbed by modern agricultural techniques, special attention is given to the artifact distributions both verti­ cally and horizontally across the site. With the aid of various statistical models the artifact a ttri­ butes were correlated. These correlations allowed the identification of artifact patterns, identification of flin t knapping activity across the site, and made possible some meaningful statements about chert procurement and tool fabrication characterizing the Middle Woodland Period at Zemaitis, and more generally, in the area of western Michigan. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the support and assistance of many individuals. The comments and suggestions provided by the members of my thesis committee, consisting of Dr. William Cremin (Major Advisor), Dr. Elizabeth Garland, and Dr. Richard Flanders were very helpful. A special thanks must be given to Dr. Richard Flanders of Grand Valley State College who introduced me to archaeology, and made the collection on which this analysis is based available. Very helpful during the in itia l stages of this thesis was Mr. Caven Clark. Caven helped me acquire chert samples and instructed me in the fine points of lith ic analysis. Mrs. M iller of the computer center at Western Michigan University was extremely helpful in pro­ viding advice on statistical procedures as well as entering the data. Mr. James Marek deserves special mention for photographing and developing the plates presented herein, and Jim also made some hard to get publications available. Also, thanks to my brother, Chad Murphy, for the use of his dark room equipment for the developing of the plates for this manuscript. I would also like to express thanks to The Graduate College of Western Michigan University for funding the radiocarbon dates utilized for this analysis through their Graduate Research Fund. Furthermore, I would like to give special recognition to my parents and in-laws for the encouragement they offered when I needed i t most. Finally, ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I would like to thank my wife, Lark, for typing many drafts of this thesis and offering helpful suggestions and support throughout the analysis and preparation of this manuscript. I firmly believe that its completion could not have been accomplished without her. While this thesis could not have been completed without the help of the aforementioned individuals, the full responsibility for what appears in this manuscript is mine alone. Michael L. Murphy Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University M iadrilm s International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1328106 Murphy, Michael L. A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LITHIC MATERIAL FROM THE ZEMAITIS SITE (200T68), OTTAWA COUNTY, MICHIGAN Western Michigan University M.A. 1986 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages _____ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print ______ 3. Photographs with dark background V 4. Illustrations are poor copy _______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy ______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page _______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages _______ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements ______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine _______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print ______ 11. Page(s) ____________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ___________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received _________ 16. Other _______________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................... vi LIST OF MAPS........................................................................................... vi i i LIST OF PLATES..................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 The Problem ..................................................................... 1 Site Description and Historyof Excavations .... 2 General Remarks Concerning Previous Work .................. 6 I I . ANALYTICAL METHODS ............................................................... 11 Bifacial
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