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Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan Comparative and Contextual Perspectives

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Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan Comparative and Contextual Perspectives Comparative and Global Perspectives on Japanese Archaeology Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan Comparative and Contextual Perspectives edited by Access Thomas Knopf, Werner Steinhaus and Shin’ya FUKUNAGAOpen Archaeopress Archaeopress Archaeology © Archaeopress and the authors, 2018. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78969 007 1 ISBN 978 1 78969 008 8 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the authors 2018 © All image rights are secured by the authors (Figures edited by Werner Steinhaus) Access Cover illustrations: Mori-shōgunzuka mounded tomb located in Chikuma-shi in Nagano prefecture, Japan, by Werner Steinhaus (above) Magdalenenberg burial mound at Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany,Open by Thomas Knopf (below) The printing of this book wasArchaeopress financed by the Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Oxuniprint, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com © Archaeopress and the authors, 2018. Contents List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................................................... iii List of authors .................................................................................................................................................................................. viii Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................................ xii Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan: An Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Werner Steinhaus and Thomas Knopf Hallstatt Burial Mounds Then and Now: Excavations and Changing Images in the History of Research .................... 15 Nils Müller-Scheeßel Excavating the Mounded Tombs of the Kofun Period of the Japanese Archipelago: A History of Research and Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 31 Tatsuo NAKAKUBO Bronze Age Burial Mounds in Northern and Central Europe: Their Origins and the Development of Diversity in Time and Space .................................................................................................................................................... 47 Frank Nikulka Access Emergence and Development of Burial Mounds in the Yayoi Period ................................................................................... 57 Hisashi NOJIMA Open Princes, Chiefs or Big Men? Burial Mounds as Reflections of Social Structure in the Hallstatt Period ........................ 69 Wolfram Schier Social Stratification and the Formation of Mounded Tombs in the Kofun Period of Protohistoric Japan ................... 87 Ken’ichi SASAKI Burial Mound/Landscape-Relations. Approaches Put forward by European Prehistoric Archaeology ...................... 100 Ariane Ballmer Mounded Tomb Building during the Kofun Period: Location and Landscape ................................................................. 110 Akira SEIKE Archaeopress Burial Mounds and Settlements. Their Relations in the Late Hallstatt and Early La Tène-Period (6th–4th century BC) .............................................................................................................................................................. 118 Ines Balzer The Relationship between Mounded Tombs, Settlements, and Residences in the Kofun Period: Reflecting Social Changes? .................................................................................................................................................... 137 Takehiko MATSUGI Aspects of Early Iron in Central Europe ................................................................................................................................... 149 Manfred K. H. Eggert Iron and its Relation to Mounded Tombs on the Japanese Islands ...................................................................................... 166 Hisashi NOJIMA The Development of Metalworking and the Formation of Political Power in the Japanese Archipelago ................... 173 Takehiko MATSUGI i © Archaeopress and the authors, 2018. Monuments for the Living and the Dead: Early Celtic Burial Mounds and Central Places of the Heuneburg Region ............................................................................................................................................................ 182 Dirk Krausse and Leif Hansen Mounded Tombs of the Kofun Period: Monuments of Administration and Expressions of Power Relationships ................................................................................................................................................................ 195 Shin’ya FUKUNAGA Burial Mounds in Broader Perspective. Visibility, Ritual and Power ................................................................................. 205 Chris Scarre An Introduction to the Yukinoyama Mounded Tomb ........................................................................................................... 216 Naoya UEDA The Significance of the Nonaka Mounded Tomb .................................................................................................................... 221 Joseph Ryan Access Open Archaeopress ii © Archaeopress and the authors, 2018. W. Steinhaus and T. Knopf Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan: An Introduction Werner Steinhaus and Thomas Knopf When Europe meets Japan: The Occasion Several topics were chosen as relevant for discussion: This book originates from an international workshop 1. Excavating burial mounds: This topic brings held at Tuebingen in Germany between 4th and 6th of together not only the origins of burial mound November 2015.1 The workshop gathered together for research and excavation techniques, but also the the first time specialists of the European Bronze and Iron (more or less explicit) theoretical approaches to the Age, and Japanese archaeologists of the Yayoi and Kofun subject. periods to discuss burial mounds as a phenomenon in 2. Origins and development of burial mounds: This both parts of the world. The workshop developed out of topic explores when and why burial mound building a growing partnership between German and Japanese started (e.g. because of social differentiation) and archaeology, initiated in part through the development what typifies its main features across the two areas, of an exhibition in Mannheim and Berlin organized and taking into consideration that European mound directed by Werner Steinhaus in 2004/05 (Wieczorek/ building starts in the Neolithic and has several Steinhaus/Sahara 2004). The exhibition, entitled ‘Die periods of discontinuity (Knopf 2015), whereas Zeit der Morgenröte’ (The time of Dawn), displayed the JapaneseAccess mounded tombs have a continuous history rich archaeology of the Japanese archipelago to a German of around 1000 years. audience for the first time. It also brought together the 3. Burial mounds and social stratification: ‘Big mound editors of this book (Knopf and Steinhaus). Since then, = big boss’ is an oversimplification, but this topic visits, lectures and meetings have taken place between explores how, in Europe as well as in Japan, social the two countries in order to strengthen the knowledge of Openranking systems are inferred from the size of Japanese archaeology in Germany and Europe, and vice mounds and the grave goods within the burial itself. versa. 4. Burial mounds and landscape: Every burial mound, or group of burial mounds, is situated within its Both archeologies share a lot of commonalities. This applies landscape, and simultaneously shapes its landscape. to research history, methods and theories but especially This topic explores how the ambivalent relationship similar phenomena like burial mound building. One between burial mounds and their landscapes can be could easily add more like certain settlement types (huge analyzed in Europe as well as in Japan. fortified structures or smaller rectangular fortifications, in 5. Burial mounds and settlements: This topic explores German called Viereckschanzen/Herrenhöfe) and even the the relationship between burial mounds and interpretations of social structures, trade etc. settlements, recognizing that mounds are usually Archaeopress part of a cemetery belonging to the inhabitants The workshop in Tuebingen was structured around of a nearby settlement. The proximity of a burial bringing together specialists investigating similar aspects mound to its settlement can express a specific of burial mound research so that they could present and attitude towards death and ritual. discuss current approaches and ideas. This approach took 6. Burial mounds and iron: Objects of iron are the form of one German/European archaeologist talking regularly found in burial mounds, especially within about, for example, the research history of burial mound rich graves. Weapons, armor and (agricultural) excavation, with the same topic then being highlighted tools are common grave goods in both parts of the
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