Microsporidioses E Mixosporidioses Da Ictiofauna

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Microsporidioses E Mixosporidioses Da Ictiofauna GRAÇA MARIA FIGUEIREDO CASAL MICROSPORIDIOSES E MIXOSPORIDIOSES DA ICTIOFAUNA PORTUGUESA E BRASILEIRA: CARACTERIZAÇÃO ULTRASTRUTURAL E FILOGENÉTICA Dissertação de Candidatura ao grau de Doutor em Ciências Biomédicas submetida ao Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto. Orientador - Doutor Jorge Guimarães da Costa Eiras Categoria – Professor Catedrático Afiliação - Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto. Co-orientadora - Doutora Maria Leonor Hermenegildo Teles Grilo Categoria - Professora Associada Afiliação - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto. Microsporidioses e Mixosporidioses da ictiofauna portuguesa e brasileira: caracterização ultrastrutural e filogenética i ii Microsporidioses e Mixosporidioses da ictiofauna portuguesa e brasileira: caracterização ultrastrutural e filogenética Ao Prof. Carlos Azevedo, Pela amizade e por tudo que me ensinou Microsporidioses e Mixosporidioses da ictiofauna portuguesa e brasileira: caracterização ultrastrutural e filogenética iii iv Microsporidioses e Mixosporidioses da ictiofauna portuguesa e brasileira: caracterização ultrastrutural e filogenética AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Professor Doutor Carlos Azevedo por ter aceite orientar esta Tese até Março de 2007, apesar do obstante por dispositivos legais em oficialmente dar continuidade, para todos os efeitos fê-lo até à entrega da dissertação para apreciação. Aproveito esta ocasião para manifestar o meu profundo reconhecimento, por me ter dado a oportunidade de estagiar e, posteriormente, ser monitora no Laboratório de Biologia Celular do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, onde me iniciei na investigação científica, culminando o percurso com a realização desta Tese. Agradeço igualmente os inúmeros ensinamentos de carácter pedagógico e científico, bem como toda a paciência, conselhos e amizade demonstrada durante estes anos. Ao Professor Doutor Jorge Eiras, por ter aceite em fazer parte da Comissão de acompanhamento e também a responsabilidade de assumir oficialmente a orientação dos trabalhos em substituição do Professor Doutor Carlos Azevedo que entretanto se jubilou. Desejaria aqui expressar o meu sincero agradecimento, bem como reiterar os laços científicos partilhados em diversas reuniões da Sociedade Portuguesa de Parasitologia. À Professora Doutora Leonor Teles-Grilo o meu agradecimento por ter aceite co-orientar os trabalhos no âmbito da Biologia Molecular, área na qual dei os primeiros passos ao iniciar esta tese. Agradeço igualmente ter-me disponibilizado todo os meios do Laboratório de Genética Molecular, bem como todos os conselhos e apoio dispendido. Às inúmeras pessoas do Laboratório de Biologia Celular um muito obrigado por me acolherem ainda como aluna do ICBAS e por toda amizade que têm demonstrado. Agradeço ao Professor Doutor Mário Sousa e ao Professor Doutor Alexandre Lobo da Cunha por me terem possibilitado continuar a usufruir das instalações e dos equipamentos do Laboratório de Biologia Celular, após a jubilação do Prof. Carlos Azevedo. Agradeço, igualmente, ao Professor Doutor Alexandre Lobo da Cunha todos os conselhos de índole científica e pessoais, bem como pela amizade e camaradagem demonstrada durante todos estes anos. À Sra. D. Laura Corral pelo ensino das técnicas de microscopia electrónica e preparação de materiais biológicos, ferramenta que serviu de base para o arranque desta Tese. À Sra. Dª. Elsa Oliveira e à Sra. Dª. Ângela Alves agradeço o apoio e conselhos técnicos diários, que sem sombra para dúvida, fazem toda a diferença. À Doutora Camino Gestal do Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Espanha pelos inúmeros conselhos diários, bem como pela agradável convivência durante a sua estadia de dois anos no Laboratório de Biologia Celular como bolseira do Programa Post-Doc Microsporidioses e Mixosporidioses da ictiofauna portuguesa e brasileira: caracterização ultrastrutural e filogenética v “Fellowships” Marie Curie, supervisionada pelo Prof. Doutor Carlos Azevedo. Da colega Camino, além de uma grande amizade, ficou a saudade de alguém que partilha os mesmos interesses científicos. Agradeço à Eng.ª Carla Oliveira do Laboratório de Genética Molecular do ICBAS, pela prontidão e amabilidade que sempre demonstrou em me auxiliar nas questões laboratoriais e à Sra. Dª. Matilde Rocha pelo auxílio na esterilização do material. Agradeço também aos alunos de Mestrado, de Estágio para conclusão de licenciatura, Bolseiros e Estagiários a título voluntário que passaram por este laboratório, nomeadamente aos licenciados Joana Tato Costa, Américo Marques, Sérgio Duarte que, pontualmente, me transmitiram um pouco das suas experiências laboratoriais. Agradeço também ao Técnico Emanuel Monteiro do ICBAS, pelo auxílio na preparação das amostras a serem observadas no Microscópio Electrónico de Varrimento (SEM). Do Centro de Materiais da Universidade do Porto, gostaria também de agradecer à Drª Daniela Silva no auxílio da observação das amostras no SEM. Do Departamento de Informática do ICBAS, agradeço, aos Licenciados Rui Claro, João Morais e Nuno Santos a rápida prontidão na resolução dos problemas de informática que foram surgindo. Ao Sr. João Carvalheiro e à Sra Dª. Joana Carvalheiro do Serviço de Iconografia do ICBAS, pela reprodução das fotografias de microscopia electrónica, bem como pelos ensinamentos técnicos sobre fotografia. À CESPU – Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário pela atribuição de uma bolsa para custear as propinas inerentes à minha inscrição como aluna de Doutoramento no ICBAS. Ao Professor Doutor Victor Seabra, na qualidade de Coordenador do Gabinete de Formação, Investigação e Desenvolvimento, agradeço a disponibilidade e o apoio prestado. Agradeço ao Professor Doutor Jorge Proença, Director do Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde - Norte (ISCS-N), e à Professora Doutora Roxana Moreira, Directora do Departamento de Ciências, as facilidades concedidas na redução da carga horária do serviço docente para o valor mínimo, bem como a compreensão e autorização em repartir a marcação de férias em períodos distintos dos contemplados pela Instituição. Ao Professor Doutor Hassan Bousbaa, regente das disciplinas do ISCS-N (CESPU) das quais sou Assistente, por todos os ensinamentos teóricos e práticos que tem transmitido, bem como por toda a amizade e confiança depositada durante os últimos anos. A todos colegas de docência, Professora Doutora Carla Batista, Professora Doutora Catarina Lemos, Professor Doutor Frederico Silva, Doutora Manuela Henrique, Mestre Paulo vi Microsporidioses e Mixosporidioses da ictiofauna portuguesa e brasileira: caracterização ultrastrutural e filogenética Barros, Mestre Vanessa Nascimento, Licenciada Georgina Rodrigues e Licenciada Tatiana Resende, o meu obrigado pela inter-ajuda na leccionação das várias disciplinas. Aproveito esta oportunidade para agradecer a todos os colegas das diferentes instituições, com os quais partilhámos os mesmos anseios, a ajuda nas colheitas efectuadas no Brasil. Ao Professor Doutor Edilson Matos, Director do Laboratório de Pesquisa Carlos Azevedo da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazónia, Belém, Brasil, a quem eu muito agradeço toda a preciosa ajuda, empenho, coordenação e dedicação nas inúmeras colheitas efectuadas, por iniciativa própria e por nós solicitadas, bem como o processamento inicial das mesmas. Agradeço igualmente aos seus colaboradores mais directos, Mestre Patrícia Matos do Laboratório de Animais Aquáticos da Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém e à Mestre Patrícia Garcia do Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Patologia em Aquacultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. O meu agradecimento também para o Professor Doutor Sérgio Carmona Clemente da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense de Niterói pela colaboração num dos trabalhos, bem como à Doutora Débora Marques do Embrapa (Pantanal, Corumbá) e à Professora Ivete Mendonça da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Piauí de Teresina, pelo envio de algumas das amostras com material parasitado. À Professora Doutora Maria de Lurdes Pereira do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro e à Licenciada Fernanda Castilho (Directora do IPIMAR- Matosinhos) agradeço as facilidades concedidas na obtenção de vários especímenes utilizados na nossa investigação. Ao Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) e à Fundação Eng.º António de Almeida agradeço os apoios financeiros despendidos durante estes anos, tendo em muito contribuído nos custos inerentes à investigação científica. Gostaria também de agradecer ao Mestre Hugo Santos e ao Sr. Carlos Rosa (CIIMAR- Biotério de Organismos Aquáticos) pelas ocasiões em que necessitei de água salgada para a manutenção de alguns especímenes. Por último, gostaria de agradecer a algumas pessoas que, apesar de não terem estado envolvidas directamente, foram no entanto importantes pilares emocionais durante os diferentes estados de humor pelos quais passei até concluir esta tese. À Carla Batista amiga e colega de bancada no ICBAS e, simultaneamente, colega na CESPU, pela amizade, camaradagem e pelo espírito de inter-ajuda relativamente ao serviço docente atribuído pelo ISCS-N. À Dolores Resende por toda amizade, apoio e partilha de histórias por um “hobby” comum, que por vezes me deram alento e coragem para continuar. Aos Microsporidioses e Mixosporidioses da ictiofauna portuguesa e brasileira: caracterização ultrastrutural e filogenética vii meus Pais que sempre me
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