Political History of Chicago." Nobody Should Suppose That Because the Fire and Police Depart Ments Are Spoken of in This Book That They Are Politi Cal Institutions

Home , Augustus Garrett, Elliott Anthony, Hermann Lieb, James Curtiss, Lager Beer Riot, Monroe Heath

THE

POLITICAL HISTORY

BY M. L. AHERN.

First Edition.

(COVERING THE PERIOD FROM 1837 TO 1887.)

LOCAL POLITICS, FROM THE CITY'S BIRTH; CHICAGO'S MAYORS, .ALDER MEN AND OTHER OFFICIALS; COUNTY AND FE.DERAL OFFICERS; THE FIRE AND POLICE DEPARTMENTS; THE HAY- MARKET HORROR; MISCELLANEOUS.

CHIC.AGO: DONOHUE & HENNEBEaRY~ PRINTERS. AND BINDERS. COPYRIGHT. 1886. BY MICHAEL LOFTUS AHERN.

CONTENTS.

PAGE. The Peoples' Party...... •••.•...... 33

A Memorable Event ...... ••••••••••• f •••••••••••••••••• 38 The New Election Law...... 41 The Roll of Honor ...... 47 A Lively Fall Campaign ...... 69 The Socialistic Party ...... 82

CIDCAGO'S MAYORS.

William B. Ogden .. ■ ■ C ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ e ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ti ■ 87 Buckner S. Morris...... 88 Benjamin W. Raymond ...... 89 Alexander Lloyd .. •· ...... 89 Francis C. Sherman...... ·-... 90 Augustus Garrett ...... 90

John C. Chapin .. • • ti ••• ...... 91 James Curtiss ...... 91 James H. Woodworth ...... 91 Walter S. Gurnee ...... 91 Charles M. Gray...... •· . 92 Isaac L. Milliken .. . .. 92 Levi D. Boone ...... 92 Thomas Dyer ...... 93 John Wentworth ...... 93 John C. Haines...... 93 ,Julian Rumsey ...... 94 John B. Rice ...... 94 Roswell B. Mason ...... 94 Joseph Medill ...... 95 Lester L. Bond...... 96 Harvey D. Colvin ...... 98 Monroe Heath ...... 99 Carter H. Harrison ...... 99 5 6 CONTENTS.

cmCAGO'S COUNCILS, Chicago's Councils...... 102 Arthur Dixon ...... 118 William P. Whelan. 119 James T. Appleton .. 119 George lVIueller ... 120 Charles W. Drew. 120 David H. Gile ...... 120 Oscar D. Wetherell...... 120

Thomas C. Clarke .. . . . -.. 121 Henry F. Sheridan. 121 Charles Hillock ...... 122 Charles F. L. Doerner ...... 122 Edward F. Cullerton ... 122 Joseph M. Webber ...... 123 James H. Hildreth ...... 124 Redmond F. Sheridan ...... 124 Lawrence A. Yore ...... 125 William F. Mahoney. 125 J. R. Wheeler .... 126 Stephen P. Revere 126 Henry M. Deal. . 127 Samuel Simons .. 127 Samuel Kerr. , ...... _...... 127 ,v alter S. Hull~ ...... 127 J. L. Campbell ...... 128 John W. Lyke...... 128 James A. Landon ...... _...... 129 Frank Schack ...... 129

D. W. Ryan ...... • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••• 12~ William Eisfeldt. 129 Joseph H. Ernst. 130 Henry Severin ... 130 John H. Colvin. 130 John A. Linn ... 131 Thomas J. Carney 131 Jacob Tiedeman ...... 132 William R. Manierre ...... 132 CITY OFFICIALS. T. T. Gurney ..... 133

De Witt C. Cregier ••••••• C. . " ...... 133 CONTENTS.

William AL Devine...... 134 Hempstead ,:v ash burne...... 135 Francis A. f-lc>ffmnn, Jr ...... 136 William J. Onahan ...... 136 C. Herman Plautz ...... 137 Charles Gastfield ...... 137 Alexander ICirkland ...... 137 William Edgar ...... 138 D. 0. \Vi-lkie ...... 139 John Agnevv...... 139 Oscar C. De,v olf...... 140 Brock L. J\'Ic Vickar ...... 140 I-Ierman Lieb ...... , ...... 141 J ol1n W. Lyons ...... 142 E. E. Gilbert . : ...... 143 J ol1n Comiskey ...... 145 Charles E. Felton ...... 146 J ol1n ]\IcCarthy ...... •...... 147 J ol1n J\il. Brovtn ...... 148 George A. ~Ieecl1 ...... - ...... 149 George Ke1.. sten ...... 149 J 11stice Wl1ite ...... 150 Orlin P. Ingersoll ...... : ...... 150 Daniel Scully . .. ·...... 150 Peter Foote ...... 151 Cl1arles Arnd...... 152 David J. Lyon ...... 152 John K. Prindiville...... 154 C. ,,,r. Wood1nan ...... 154 John C. Barker ...... 155 I-Iar

Frederick J. Gabriel...... 163 Joseph C. Pazen ...... _...... ~ .. . 164 Edward W l\iurphy. ~ ...... 164 J\'I. W. Conway_ ...•.•.•...... 165 John Campion ...... 166 Leo Meyers ...... 167 Richard Fitzgerald ...... 167 Peter Schnt1r .. • . • • .. • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • ...... • • • . . • 168 Charles S. Petrie ...... 168 Maurice W. Shay ...... ~ ...... 169 Joel A. Kinney ...... 170 Frederick N. Shippy...... , ...... 170 John P. Barrett ...... ·...... 171 David M. Hyland ...... , ...... ~. 172 John Fitzpatrick ...... 172 William. Carroll ...... 173 Frank J. Lewis ...... 173 James P. Crowlev...... 173 Jacob F~ Mehren ...... 173 Frederick W. Gund ...... ~ ...... 174 Organization of the Fire Department ...... 174 The Po1npier Corps ...... 186 Fire Alarm Service ...... 188 Volunteer Service...... 188 Paid Fire Department...... 190 Benner's Fire Escape ...... 193

THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. The Police Department ...... · . 194 Frederick Ebersold...... 194: .John Bonfield...... 195 William Buckley...... ~ ...... 195 Simon O'Donnell...... 196 William Ward...... 197 A. W. Hathaway ...... 197 Michael Shaack...... 198 John D. Shea ...... 199 Joseph Ripley...... 199 George W. Hubbard...... 200 Edward Laughlin...... 201 Madison Beadell...... • ...... • ...... • . . • ...... 201 CONTENTS~

John Rehm ...... 202- Edward J. Steele...... 202 James P. Stanton ...... 203 John Byrne ...... ,,,...... 203 Richard A. Shephard...... 204

John Croak ...... r • • • • • 205 Victor Schumacher ...... 205 Wheeler Bartram...... 206 John E. Fitzpatrick ...... •.•.. , ...... 206, Elisha E. Lloyd· ...... •...•..••...... 207· Michael Bischoff . .. ~ ...· ...... 207' John Baus ...... ~ ...... 207

August Blettner ...... ·...... o • • 208 Francis Penzen...... 20$ Anson Backus...... ' 208 Daniel Hogan .. • • • • • • • • • • 0 ••••••••••••••••••••• .. 208 George Sanford ...... ••.•.....•••.•..•...... 209

Frank G. Beaubien .••...•...••.••..•..•• • •••••• 0 •••••••••• 209 Sylvester Kennedy...... •••••..•••••.•...... 210 Anthon Odin Oyen ...... •... ~ •.....•.••. 210

Charles M. Day ...... o ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 212 Alexis C. Burdick ...... 212 John E. Mahoney. • • • • • • 0 ••••••• ...... 213

Dexter Codman . ·...... "' . . . . o • • • • • 213· Michael Brennan...... 214 .Joseph B. Sl1epard ...... , ...... , . 214 R. H. Figg ...... 214 Samuel A. Ellis ...... 215 Michael J. Granger ...... " ...... 215 John Egan.. . .. 216 John Reed .. 216 Edward Cosgrove ...... •...... 217 John Stift ...... 217 Michael Gallagher .. . 218 William H. Carman . 218

Dennis Simmons. I • 218 W. S. Halloran ...... 219

Dennis Kay ...... e • • • • • • • • • 219 Reinhold Meyer ...... 219 John O'Donnell ...... 220 Francis O'Neill ....•.•••.••.•..••...•.• ...... 220 10 CONTENTS.

John J. Kelly ...... 221

Tierney and Tho1--pe...... •...... 1 ...... 221 Roster of the Police Department ...... 222 Police Telephone and Signal System ...... 233 The Haymarket Horror-The Official Report ...... 239 THL COUNTY BOARD. George C. Klehm ... . 255 John E. Van Pelt ...... 256

James J. McCarthy ...... ••• 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••• 257 Daniel J. Wren ...... 257 Peter Fortune ...... 258 I-Ienry Hemmelgarn ...... 258 Frank Niesen .... ·...... _.... . 259 R. S. 'McOlaughrey ...... •...... 260 M. R. Leyden ...... 260 John Hannigan...... _ 261 Thomas F. Bailey ...... 262 David l\'IcCarthy ...... •...... 262 James C. Strain...... 262 William J. McGarigle...... 268 The County Hospital...... 264

..John F. Dohe1'ty ...... o ••••••••••••••••••••••• 267

1 Ed"\\ ard McDonald ...... o ...... · ••••••••••••••• 267 Harry A. Varnell ...... 269 James O'Brien ...... 269 Nicholas Eckhardt ...... 270 Conrad Folz ...... 270 T. J. Bluthardt ...... _...... 271

FEDERAL OFFICERS.

-Federal Officers ...... , . 273 Ransom W. Dunham ...... 273 Franlr Lavvler ...... 273 Jtnnes H. vVard ...... ; ...... 274 Geo1"ge E. Adams ...... _.,. 275 Lambert T1"ee ...... 275 .James T. Healy .. . 276 F. H. Marsh ...... 277 Rensselaer Stone ...... \ 278 A. F. See berger ... 278 Philip A. Hoyne ...... ~ ...... 279 CONTENTS. 11

E. B. Sherman ...... 279 Marian A. Mulligan. 280 J. J. Crowley ...... 281 S. Corning Judd ...... 282 0. S. Squiers ...... 282 Henry F. Donovan...... 283 POSTOFFICE. Clerks in the Postoffice . . .. 284

J. Howard Jones ...... • a • D a • • • a • • 290 P.R. For1"est ...... 291 Theodore F Swain...... 291 Patrick M. Olowry...... 292 Michael W. Ryan ...... •....••...... 293 William Kirby ...... •...... 293 Emil Hoechster ...... 294 P. 0. T. Breen ...... 294 COUNTY OFFICIALS. William C. Seipp...... 296 Thomas Brenan ...... 297 Seth F. Hanchett ...... 297 Canute R. Matson. 298 vV. ·K. McAllister .. 299 John J. Rogers ...... 299 Lorin C. Collins.•...... 300 Richard Prendergast ...... •...... 300·

Joshua C. Knickerbocker. o •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 300 Rollin S. Willia1nson ...... ,,...... 301 Elliott .....\nthony ...... 301 Joseph E. Gary ...... 301

M. F. Tuley ...... 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 302 Julius Grinnell . 302 •John ,J. Healey...... 303 Patrick McGrath. 304 Thomas W. Sennott. 304 Henry Best. 305 John Stephens. 305 Christopher 1\'Iamer ...... 306 M. L. Coffeen ... . 307 Henry C. Stewart...... 307 James ,J. Healey ...... 307 Wiley S. Scribner...... 308 12 CONTENTS.

James Stroud ...... ~ ...... 310 Fred C. Kile ...... 811 Frank B. Lane. 311 Charles Bradley ...... 311 Daniel D. Healey ..•...... 312 Delos E. Hall ...... 812 James H. Burke ...... 313 John Brennan ...... 313 Theodore E. Stacy ...... 314 Henry L. Hertz ...... 315 George Rockafeller ...... ·• ... 315 Neil Graves ...... 816 Jethro M. Getman ...... 317 Henry· F. Stephens ...... 317

SCHOOLS. George How land ...... 319 Shepherd Johnson ...... 319 James Doolittle, Jr...... 819 School Teachers...... 349 Albert G. Lane ...... 854 County School Teachers...... •...... •...... 354 MISCELLANEOUS. Charles B. Farwell ...... 370 Frederick S. Winston ...... 370 .Joseph Stockton ...... •...... 372

Michael Ryan. . . . .• ...... • •••• lo\ •••••••••••• 372 Michael Mclnurney ...... 373 Austin J. Doyle ...... 374

'Thomas A. Cantwell ... • • • • • • • e • • • • e • • Cl • • • • • 374 1\L C. McDonald ...... 375 Luther Laflin Mills...... , ... . 876 .J nlins Jonas ...... 377 1-Ienry T. Jone.s. .. . , ...... 377 P. J. Sexton ...... 378 Cl1arles Kern ...... 379 .John J. Curran ...... 379 ,John M. Smyth ...... , ...... 380 P. McCarthy ...... 381 Timothy Ryan...... 881 .John G. Neumeister ••••••••• ...... " ...... 381 CONTENTS. 13

William Best ...... 382 Joseph Sokup . . . . • .•...... 282 Henry Huesman ...... 383

P. B. O'Hare ...... •••••••••••• " 4 •••••••••••••••••••••••• 384 Joseph Dixon. 884 George Miller .. 385 Henry Schroeder. 386 Samuel Stritch ... 387 James E. Stewart ...... 387 Michael Wasserman ...... 888 James }IcHale. 388 E. A. Filkins .. .. 889 Anton Imhof ...... 889 John Riordan. 389 S. D. Fo~. 390 Edward P. Barrett. 390 Gen. James Shields...... 391 To 397 inclusive.

PREFACE.

In the preparation of the recollections contained in this book, the compiler acknowledges the services of ·several Chicago journalists, most especially those of Harry Jones,. of the Ohieago ·Tribune. MICHAEL. LOFTUS AHERN..

CHICAGO, 1886. SHERMAN HOUSE.

16 INTRODUCTORY.

In the memorable fall of 1884, when the two great polit ical parties of the United States nominated their stand ard bearers, Chicago was declared a political center. The scenes witnessed in the Exposition Building where the brain and wealth, representing sixty millions of people commingled, constitute the brightest page in the history of modern politics. Within the radius of a mile the dele gates were domiciled. The bulk of the Democratic forces were registered at the Palmer House; a gr~at majority of the Republicans held forth at the Grand Pacific. The Tremont House, the Sherman, the Briggs· a.nd McCoy's Hotel were patronized as well. In view of the foregoing, as well as from other consid erations, the writer deen1ed it quite appropriate to place on record the "Political History of Chicago." Nobody should suppose that because the fire and police depart ments are spoken of in this book that they are politi cal institutions. The writer, admiring both depart ments, simply took his opportunity, and endeavored to commemorate their value in public estimation.

TREMONT HOUSE.

THE FALL ELECTION OF 1886.

The election in the fall of 1886 was a surprise to many people, by reason of the vote polled by the United Labor ticket, which broke loose entirely from the two great par ties. Mr. Stauber, the candidate for County Treasurer on that ticket, polled over 25,000 votes. The organization, encouraged beyond measure, established ca1npaign head quarters at once for the spring campaign, determined to place a ticket in the field for mayor and other city officers. The returns fron1 the fall election, they clain1, insured the election· of at least seven aldermen, In the second con gressional district their candidate, Capt. Gleason, made it decidedly warm for Congressmen Lawler, on the Democratic ticket. They gained materially in the Senate and House. The Republican candidate for Treasurer, George R. Davis, was elected over Michael Schweisthal, Democrat, and Frank Stauber, United Labor candidate. Canute R. Mat son, the Republican candidate for Sheriff, was elected over Mattocks, Democrat, Butler, United Labor, Dunphy, In dependent, and Loomis, Prohibition. Wul:ff, Republican candidate for County Clerk, was elected over Mclnerney, Democrat, Rastell, United L~bor, and Haggard, Prohibi tion. Gilbert; Republican candidate for Clerk of the Criminal Court, was elected over James Doyle, Democrat, Tompkins, Prohibition, Dvorah, United Labor, and White, Labor League. Thomas Sennott, Republican candidate for Probate Clerk, was elected over Kleckner, Democrat, Worrel, Prohibition, and Ehman, United Labor. Lane, Republican candidate for Superintendent of Schools, was 21 22 THE FALL ELECTION OF 1886. elected over- Parker, Democrat, Wilkie, Prohibition, and Bevans, _United Labor. Anthony, Hawes, Altgeld and Jamieson were elected Superior Court Judges. The two former were Republicans and the two latter Democrats. Judge Knickerbocker, Republican, who was placed on all the tickets, was elected Judge of the Probate Court. Judge Prendergast, Democrat, was elected Judge of the County Court. Sketches of the candidates in the field are found else where. The towns of Hyde Park, Lake View, Jefferson and Cicero adopted the new election law. CHICAGO'S FIRST ORGANIZATION.

On August 10, 1833, Chicago was made a town. On January 23, 1837, in the Saloon Building Hall, on the southeast corner of Lake and Clark streets, was held the first meeting to secure a city charter. In this building Stephen A. Douglas made his first speech. On March 4, 1837, the Act incorporating the city was passed. The part taken in the premises by Gen. Shields justifies the sketch of that man published at the end of this book. The first city officers were elected on the first Tuesday in May following, the total vote cast being 709. In May, 1837, the city council leased roon1s in the Saloon Building Hall, but after five, years removed to Mrs. Nancy Chapman's building, near the jail at the corner of LaSalle and Randolph streets. J. Y. Scammon and others improved the square surrounding it. In January, 1848, the city erected the market building on State street. This was the first municipal structure. It was afterward known as South Market Hall. It w~s two stories in height. On November 13, 1848, it was for the first time occupied. In 1851 the county and city laid the corner stone, and in 1853 completed the edifice at a cost of $111,000, which stood up to the fire of 1871. It was three stories high and had three domes and a cupola. The Court of Common Pleas first occupied the building. After the great fire the municipal authorities occupied for some years a two-story brick building on the southeast corner of LaSalle and Adams streets, known far and near as the Rookery. When the structure was torn down one of the most magnificent 23 24 CHIC.A.Go's FIRST ORGANIZATION. buildings in the United States was reared on the spot and christened the Rookery Building. The present quarters of the city and county government are in the area, bounded by LaSalle and Clark streets, and Washington and Randolph streets. The politics of Chicago, from its birth in 1837 up to 1853, were quite common-place. BRIGGS HOUSE.

WHEN DOUGLAS WAS MOBBED.

On January 30, 1854, Douglas delivered his great speech in the United States Senate in favor of the Kansas Nebraska bill, repudiating past compromises, and showing the con1promises of 1850, including the detested fugitive slave law, to have been a subterfuge of the slave power to gain a better hold. When he came to Chicago to explain his position he found that the anti-slavery _sentiment could not be checked. On the Know-Nothing question Douglas maintained a magnificent position. He it was who op posed proscription by the native party, and threw the Democratic hosts against it. Before such a question arose Chicago was a Democratic stronghold, as between Whigs and Democrats, at least. "If the town-pump had been nominated for Mayor in those days on the Democratic ticket it would have been elected," aptly remarks ah old settler; "a Democratic nomination, in fact, was an elec tion." In 1854 the "\Vhigs went down, to be succeeded by Fusionists, who n1elted into the Republican party. Douglas, of all the Democrats, had the courage to tackle Know-Nothingism. What he had said about the Nebraska question made the Free-Soil ele1nent inim_ical to the1n. When Mr. Doug1as reached Chicago from Washington on August 25 he found hin1self branded as a public enen1y by the Know-Nothing and Free-Soil combination, and de nounced from Protestant pulpits as an anti-Christ. On the evening of September 1, 1854, Douglas spoke at North Market hall, the site of the present Criminal Court building. The excitement was intense; the fame of the 27 28 WHEN DOUGLAS WAS MOBBED.

H Little Giant," and the report that 500 arn1ed Irishmen would be present to silence the Know-N·othing element attracting an imn1ense assemblage. During the afternoon of that day the flags of shipping owned by Fusionists had hung at half-mast, and the bells of the numerous churches tolled as if to predict a great calan1ity. Mayor Milliken presided. Mr. Douglas had not spoken long when he was hissed. When he said he was bound to be heard he was vilified n1ost outrageously. Against the howling mob Douglas defiantly maintained his ground. James .l\.. Shee han, a Liographer of Douglas> referring to the occasion remarks : " The motive, the great ruling re·ason for refus ing him the privilege of being heard was, that as he had in 1850 carried the judgn1ent of the people captive into an indorsement of the fugitive slave law, so if allowed to speak in 1854 he would at least rally all Democrats to his support by defense of the Nebraska bill. The combined fanatics of Chicago feared the power and effect of his argument in the presence and hearing -of the people. They therefore resolved that he should not be heard."

Having failed to make himself heard, the H Little Giant" retired under a shower of rotten apples. A gallant little body guard acco1npanied Mr. Douglas to his carriage; among them were Daniel O'Hara, Frank 0. Sherman, Hart L. Stewart, Tom Mackin, Dan McElroy, Elisha Tracy, Col. Dick Hamil ton, Elihu Granger and Cornelius and ,vnliam Price. The mob followed the little party as far as Clark street bridge, but when the Douglas party had crossed the structure, the bridge-tender, by turning the bridge, cut off the pursuit and the Senator reach?d the rrremont house in safety. . About six weeks after this disgraceful event Mr Doug lass accepted an invitation to a public dinner to be held November 9, at the Tremont. In the presence of 200 gen tlemen or niore, he substantially uttered that· which a fan- WHEN DOUGLAS W.A.S MOBBED. 29 atical crowd had intercepted. It is safe to say that when Douglas was mobbed Chicago was the leading city in the West in the movement resulting in making a free state of Kansas. - - -·-·---- =-:~ •;.; • •-----•••••:~.~n~.--- :•,:•~=:•.. ~~~i~i~:.;------C~c•~sr=s~~--,---.:~0 -••~·-

------,.~------.--···------._-----.. =._,,...... ::::..=!.----- ...• ..;:_..:_ ·------:--" .. :. = ==:.-=. -=· --

M'coy's HOTEL. 30 "THE LAGER BEER RIOT."

It was hardly a month after 1\1:ayor Boone's induction into· office, on the Know-Nothing ticket, in 1855, that many saloon-keepers were arrested for selling liquor without a license or for violating the Sunday ordinance. It was agreed, by the City Attorney and the attorney for the saloons, to try a test case to represent the whole. On April 21 the case was called before Squire I-Ienry L. Rucker, about 10 o'clock a. 111. A few mon1ents later the Court House was surrounded by a great n1ob, which had come from the North Side, with fifes, drums, and howls. A riot seemed inevitable. Mayor Boone, however, ordered Police Captain Nichols to clear the streets and disperse the mob, and such was done ,vithout any serious results. This was in the fore noon, it will be remembered. The North Side saloon men now proceeded· in a n1oven1ent to rescue men who were arrested for resisting the officers, and Boone swore into service 150 extra policen1en. About three o'clock p. m., the North Side mob started out to cross the Clark street bridge, in the direction of the Court House. The swinging of the bridge intercepted the bulk of the procession, however. At this juncture, that part of the procession which was left on the North Side becan1e frantic aµd wanted to kill the bridge-tender. The latter said he was acting under orders fron1 the lVIayor. I-Iis honor finally ordered the bridge closed and the n1ob rushed across to confront a solid phalanx of police111en. The leaders shrieked '' Pick out the stars ! Shoot the police !" A brisk firing followed, to the great discomfiture of the rioters. Only one man was known to be killed, but 31 32 "THE LAGER BEER RIOT." several mysterious funerals on the North Side occurred about that time. The law, as to burial perniits, was not as it is now. A rioter blew off the left arm of Police Officer Hunt, who is now doing special duty in the comp troller's office .. He received a gift of $3,000 from the City Council, on which he is still drawing interest. THE PEOPLE'S PARTY.

The issuance of an order by Mayor Medill, who was elected on the fire-proof ticket after the great cP.nfiagration of '71, caused the political con1bination known as The People's Party, which, in the fall of 1873, swept every thing before it in county and city. The enforcement of the Sunday liquor ordinance injured the feelings of the Germans especially, who had transplanted fron1 the Father land the custon1 of enjoying Sunday in gardens, presided over by Gambrinus. Agitators construed the ordinance as a blow at personal liberty. A meeting held in Thielman's Theater, on Clybourn ave nue, on the evening of May 14, 1873, inaugurated the can1- paign. A. IIottinger opened the n1eeting, and denounced in strong language the ten1perance notions that flitted through the b1~ain of the existing adn1inistration. The Germans, he said, would find relief at the polls in N ovem ber. Adolph Schoeninger and Frick were elected presi dent and secretary. 'l'he former said they meant to or ganize, regardless of party politics, to uphold the constitu tional right of the citizen. The Germans intended to show the Know-Nothing elen1ent that they were neither drunk ards, serfs, nor .fools. The assistance of the Gern1an press was solicited, as the German people were most interested. Mr. Knoblesdorf said that the Germans were acting simply in the defensive. He predicted that they, and other na tionalities who were progressive or free in their ideas, would rebuke puritanical methods at the polls. Messrs. Knoblesdorf, Karls, Schmehl, Lengacher, and Lindon> 3 38 34 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHIC.AGO. were appointed a committee on resolutions. A. C. Hes ing, of the Staats Zeititng, responding to uproarious calls, advocated a movement by Republicans and Democrats which would preserve the constitutional liberties of the people. The Germans were proud of their record. They were not drunkards because they loved convivial beer. Their patriotisn1 and love of A1nerican institutions had been demonstrated on many a battle field. Know-Nothing ism would be put down now as it had been before. The cases of Colfax, Brooks, and An1es were cited to show that na,tive Americans furnished more rascals than did foreign ers. Mr. I-Iesing said he would vote for any man, Repub lican, Liberal, or Democrat, who would exert himself to keep the personal rights of citizens inviolate. H. B. (Buf falo) Miller renounced the Republican party. Resolutions in sympathy with the foregoing sentiments, and arranging a line of battle, were unanimously adopted. A great Ger man mass n1eeting followed on the evening of May 20, at Aurcra Turner Hall, on :M:ilwaukee avenue. Ex-Alder man John Buehler, the banker, was chairman, and Mr. Pfurstenberg was secretary. A. C. Hesing was the first speaker. He said that the movement for personal liberty had not only spread like wild-fire throughout the city, but had evoked the grandest encomiums from the press of the United States. The German who went to church Sunday morning and to a lager-beer garden in the afternoon, had an opinion; and under the Constitution of the United States, that opini~Hl nulSt be respected. He concluded his remarks by suggesting that an address be issued to the public, expressing their views and declaring by the Al mighty that they would not c3ase until their aims had been attained. Francis A. Hoffman, Jr., who is now corpora tion counsel, was the next speaker. He stated that n1any nationalities settled in the United States before the Consti tution ·was adopted- French, Dutch and English among THE PEOPLE'S PARTY. 35 them. A vast immigration ensued. The Germans who came, to a great extent, preserved their customs. This was not a question of beer, it was a question of personal rights. Emil Dietzsch said that on this occasion Germans and Irish as they were, they were yet Americans. Herman Lieb and others also spoke in the san1e vein. On the evening of May 29, an agitation committee was appointed by the agents of the ''New Departure" in pol itics, in Bisn1arck Hall in the Teutonia building, as fol lows: Frank Schweinfurth, William Floth, Clovis Tegt meyer, C. Niehoff, Dr. ]1atthei, Max Eberhardt, Emil Muhlke, R. Thie1ne, F. A. lloffman, J. Schiellinger, R. lVIichaelis, G. R. Korn, '"\Villiam Sch-wartz, B. Eisendrath, Carl Dahenten, Philip Stein, H. Schoncllin, ,Y. Schaffer, Carl Bluhm, R. Freiburg, A. 0. Hesing, R. Ohristiensen, J. 0. Meyer, Peter Hand, A. Erbe, ·L. Schwuchow, Frank Lengi and the editors of the various German papers. This committee on the morning of June 25, reported reso lutions in favor of the pe_rsonal liberty of the citizen, which were adopted unanimously, and it was agreed that a mass meeting should be held. On thee rening of July 17, seventeen members of the corn.1nittee of seventy met at the Builders' Exchange on La Salle street and declared the fight to be one, on their part for law and order. On the afternoon of August 31, the meeting was held in Greenebaum's Bank, at which the followjng were pres ent: B. G. Caulfield, W. J. Onahan, A. 0. Hesing, Gen eral Lieb, J ustic·e Boyden, Peter Hand, Ed. O'Neill, R. Kenney, J. Bonfield, J. II. )fcAvoy, n-'L Evans, John Corcoran, Arno Voss, Ed. Phillips, A. Schoenninger, Jacob Rehm, P. M. Oleary, T. Brennan and Geo. Von Hollen. Arno Voss was president and W. J. Onahan was secretary. Daniel O'Hara said he was proud he was a Democrat. He was in favor of law and order, but did 36 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. not countenance illiber_ality. He did not wish to see saloon doors wide open on Sunday, but it would not do to shut then1 up altogether. B. G. Caulfield, A. 0. Hesing, Michael Keeley and Hermann Lieb followed. On the evening of September 3, the German American central committee met at Bismarck Hall. lVIr. Schoeninger and lVIr. Hesing stated the con1mittee appointed in Greene baum's bank building consisted of Aniericans, Irishn1en, and other nationalities who desired to fraternize with the Germans. On the evening of September 5, A. 0. liesing addressed the German-An1erican Olu b. On motion of lvir. Keeley it was arranged by the coali ti:on to draft a platforn1. On the evening of September 26, i1:r. Hesing }Jresented a call to the people which was unanin1ously adopted. It invited everybody who loved freedon1 to con1e to Kingsbury Hall on the evening of October 4 _for consultation. It was a great demonstrati0n. H. B. lVIiller occupied the chair and n1acle a spirited charge on bigotry. \Vith the ballot they would defeat Know-N othingisn1. The People's Party Platform was then adopted. The platform set forth that the desirable object of tem perance could only be accomplished by elevating the n1oral standard of the people through enlightened educ~tion, and not by sumptuary or special legislation. rrhe right of any one or class of individuals to prescribe how Sunday or any day shall be enjoyed by a free people in a free republic wacl denied; licenses ~honld be refused to persons of bad repute; inspectors of beverages should be appointed; arbitrary ar rests by the police should be stopped; law and order should be observed, but not at the expense of personal liberty. The nominating convention n1et at 205 East Randolp11 street October 24. Henry Greenebaum presided; T. :OL Ilalpin was secretary. Mr. Greenebaum addressed the delegates. IIaving THE PEOPLE'S PARTY. 37 referred to the fact that there was a proscriptive and intol erant spirit abroad, he urged the nomination of candidates f~r their personal fitness, honesty and ability. Mr. Hesing offered resolutions indorsing the platform adopted at Kings bury Hall October 4, and fixing but one term for City Treasurer and recommending S. S. Hayes as City Comp troller. The resolutions were adopted. · The foUo,ving non1inations were then made: For Mayor, l-I. D. Colvin; for City Treasurer, Daniel O'Hara; for City Collector_, George Von Hollen; for City Assessor, Charles Dennehy; for Superior Court Judge, S. M. Moore; for County Court Judge, M. R. M. vVallace; for County Clerk, I-Iermann Lieb; for Clerk of the Crin1inal Court, Austin J. Doyle; for County Superintendent of Schools, George D. Plant; for County Con1missioners, Christian Busse, John Herting, William P. Burdick, Thomas Lonergan and A. B. Johnson. Mark Sheridan named C. A. Reno as Police Commissioner - . for the ,vest Side and he was no1ninated. Egbert Jamieson was subsequently selected for City Attorney and l\!Iartin Scully for Police Court Clerk. On Saturday, October 18, 1873, in the Grand Pacific the opposition put up the following ticket: For Mayor, L. L. Bond; for City rrreasurer, David A. Gage; for City Col lector, A. L. l\!Iorrison; for City Assessor, ,v. II. P. Gray; for City Attorney, I. IL Stiles; for Police Court Clerk, C. R. Matson ; for Judge of Superior Court, ,v n1. I-I. Porter; for Judge of County Court, M. R. M. ,v allace; for Coun ty Clerk, J. W. Brockway; for Clerk of Criminal Court, ,v. K. Sullivan; "for County Treasurer, Phillip ,v adsworth; for Superintendent of Schools, A. G. Lane ; for County Commissioners, S. Olin, A. J. Galloway, "\Villiam M. Laughlin., vV. B. Bateham, and S. W. Kingsley ; for Police Commissioner, Ren ben Cleveland. The Peoples' Party ticket was elected by about ten thou sand majority. A J\IIE1'10RABLE EVENT.

In the Sixth Senatorial District, of which the Eight eenth Ward is a part, IIenry W. Len1an, republican, seemed to have been elected senator iii 1884 over Rudolph Brand, democrat, by a few hundred votes, according to 1-inofficial returns. rrhe fact that the two parties were so close that a single vote in either the Senate or :Honse 1night control the election of a United States Senator n1ade both parties very careful. rrhe official canvass showed that the tally sheets and certificate from the Second Precinct of the Eighteenth "\Vard had been altered and forged, and made to show a decreased vote for Le1nan and an increased vote for Brand, sufficient to elect the latter by a n1ajority of about ten votes. From the sworn returns of the Uni., ted States Supervisors, as ,vell as fron1 other collateral evi., dence, it was so evident a fraud that the Federal grand jury at Chicago, then in session, took jurisdiction of an4 investigated the matter. 1\ileanti111e the County Canvass-: ing Board, being powerless to go behind the· returns, abstracted the vote as it appeared and returned the same to the State Canvassing Board. This body heard such evidence as was available and proper, and following their. action the Goveri1or decided to issue the certificate of elec t~on to Lenian, as being the actually elected senator. The Federal grand jury found several indictn1ents, but after that body had adjourned new and i1nportant additional p1·oofs of the fraud were discovered, and Joseph C. Mackin, vVillian1 J. Gallagher, and ...i\..rthnr Gleason were tried and convicted of conspiracy on a charge brought by information instead 38 A MEMORABLE EVENT. 39 of indictn1ent. The two forn1er were sentenced to two years' imprisonn1ent. The case was then taken by writ of error before Justice I-Iarlan, of the United States Supreme Court, and Circuit J ndge Greshan1, sitting together. Upon disagreen1ent between then1 it was certified to the United States Supren1e Court, n1ainly upon the question of the legality of the prosecution by information. It is still pending, the parties being under heavy bail awaiting decision. The, state court took up the n1atter and in dicted 1\1:ackin and Gallagher for violation of state law. lVIackin testified before the state grand jury, and fo1· the testimony given by hin1 he was again indicted for perjury, tried, convicted, and is now serving a five-year sentence. The Illinois legislatuTe, which under ordinary circun1- stances should have elected a United States Senator on January 20, 1885, ·was unable to do so for the reaso1i that the House had failed to organize. "'\Vhen, however, it finally organized, the first day when it was possible to ballot for Senator was February 10. The -I-louse did bal lot on that day, and an attempt was n1ade in the Senate on February 13, but no quoru1n answering the two houses then n1et in joint convention. Day after clay the conven tion 1net, and ballot after ballot was taken, but the forces were so nearly even that if either side had an absentee the entire side would decline to vote. Several ballots were taken ,vhen the convention was nearly full, yet but one person voted, each side being afraid of making a quorum and electing the opposite candidate. The Republican caucus non1inee was John A. Logan, and the Democratic p.on1inee was Willian1 R. Morrison. On February 26 it was expected an eleetion n1ight occur, when just before convening a Republican representative, R. E. Logan, dropped dead in the capitol. This caused a cessation in the active contest until his successor was elected. On March 20 Senator Bridges, a Den1ocrat, died. Further 40 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICA.GO.

delay resulted, with occasional attempts at balloting, and on April 12 Representative Shaw, a Den1ocrat, died. De sultory balloting was had while awaiting the election of a successor, which most unexpectedly to both parties resulted in the election of a Republican. On May 14 the struggle was very exciting. After receiving for two ballots the united strength of his party, 101 votes, Morrison's name ,vas withdrawn and IIon. Lambert Tree received most of his party strength, the Republicans declining to vote. Finally, on the 19th of :M:ay, after successors to all the de ceased r.nembers had been seated, Logan was elected. Hon. John A. Logan was reelected l\'Iay 19, 1885, for six years, ending l\'Iarch 4, 1891. Upon the final, or 118th ballot, the vote in joint convention was: John A. Logan, 103; Lambert Tree, 96; John 0. Black, I; William R. Mor rison, 1; John R. Hoxie, 1; John Scholfield., 1. Of these the Senators voted: Logan, 26; Tree, 24; Black, 1. The House members voted: Logan, 77; Tree, 72; Black, 1; Morrison, 1; Hoxie. 1; Scholfield, 1. Outrages on the elective franchise like that perpetrated in the Eighteenth Ward caused agitation which eventuated in the new election law. THE NEW ELECTION LAW.

This measure which, so to speak, is apt to revolutionize local politics, is the joint product of the Union League, the Citizen's Association, the Iroquois and the Commercial Clubs. The bill was drafted by a comn1ittee consisting of A. M. Pence, L. S. Gregory, and Alderman Thomas 0. Clarke. To the Citizens' Association is due, in a great measure, the credit of its enactment by the Thirty-fourth General Assembly. The Citizens' Association presented the petition to the County Court and effected its subn1is sion to the suffrages of the people~ il'fr. Beach was coun sel for the Citizens' Association and the l)roceedings before the County Court. The law was carried in the fall election of 1885 by the following vote:

VOTE ON CITY ELEC'l'ION LAW. NOVEMBER 3,.1885. For Against Election Election WARDS. Law. Law. I ...... 736 579 II ...... 899 663 III ...... 1436 284 IV ...... 3084 348 V ...... 2296 1733 VI ...... · ····· · ··• ··· ···· ····· 1829 100-Z VII ...... •···················· 1524 1061 VIII ...... - ...... 1757 1662 IX ...... ·...... 1062 <-i09 x ...... ····························· ... . 800 424 XI ...... 2555 559 XII...... 3625 428 XIII ...... : ...... 1492 618 XIV ...... 2392 1443 xv ...... ·········· ...... 1996 868 XVI ...... 1360 658 XVII ...... 1094 851 XVIII ...... 2247 767 Totals ...... 31984 1M>57 Proceedings in the nature of a· q1.w warranto were at once instituted to test the constitutionalitv., of the law, and 41 42 THE POLITIO.A.L HISTORY OF 'CHIC.A.GO. the Supreme Court affirn1ecl it. A. M. Pence, W. 0. Goudy, H. 0. lVIcDaid, and J an1es "\V. Beach represented the interests of the bill, and H. P. Hurd and Adolph Moses were the attorneys on the other side. The matter was thoroughly argued, it being the earnest desire of both parties to thoroughly test the constitutionality of the measure. The new election law revises the entire election law for cities which n1ay, by vote of the people, adopt its provis ions. Authorizes the County Court to appoint three com missioners of elections, whose tern1 of· office shall be three years. Two of such comn1issioners shall be selected from the two leading political parties, one from each. Com mission shall organize by electing one as chairman and •One as secretary ; each shall file the oath of office and give bond of $10,000. Board shall provide all ballot boxes, registry-books, poll-books, tally-sheets, blanks, and stationery for registry and elections, and for all incidental purposes. Board shall en1ploy a chief clerk and addi tional clerks, as n1ay be necessary ; shall divide city into -election precincts containing approxin1ately 300 votes. Sixty days prior to election, board shall choose three judges of election for each precinct, who shall be citizens of the United States and household residents and voters in the precinct, of good repute, who can speak, read, and write the English language, skilled in the four fundamental rules of arithmetic, of good understanding and capable, who hold no office under the United States, the state, county, to.wn, or city, and who are not candidates for office at the election. Also two clerks of election, possess ing -same qualifications as the judges, except that they need not be householders. Holding a position as notary public shall not disqualify either judges or clerks. At least one judge and one clerk shall be selected from each of the two leading political parties. J utlges and clerks so 1'HE NEW ELECTION LAW. 43 chosen shall., on notice., appear for examination before the board., and if found qualified., unless excused for old age or ill health., be bound to se1~ve for one year. After service for one year shall not be compelled to serve during follow ing three years., and shall be exempt fron1 jury duty during and for two yeal·s after expiration of term. Failure to ap pear or refusal to serve render liable to fine. ,vhen list of judges is selected., report of same shall be made to County Court., asking their confirmation. The County Court shall fix a clay for hearing objections to their con firn1ation., giving public notice thereof by publication., with a list of the names. On hearing., the court n1ay co11- firn1 or reject such as public interest may require. Upon confirmation the court shall issue a con1mission for each judge and clerk., who shall thereupon becon1e officers of the court and liable for conten1pt for any 1nisbehavior in office. 'I1hey shall then appear before the board., take the the oath of office, and receive their con1n1issions. The board shall appoint a place for registry and ·cause the same to be fitted -up--warin, light., and clean. N"o place of registration or polling place shall be kept where intoxicating liquors are sold. Lists of persons sent to the penitentiary shall be furnished monthly to the board by clerks.of courts in the county, and the Governor shall annually furnish nan1es of persons pardoned by him in the county. rrhe proper officer of the city shall furnish., n1onthly., to the board the nan1es and residences of all males over twenty-one years who have died during the month. The board shall keep record of, and furnish to judges of election the names and forn1er residences of persons convicted of peni tentiary offenses, and also pardons of san1e for guidance of judges. Public notice in ne-,vspapers of registration and elections shall be given by the board. Election day is made a legal holiday. One year's residence in the state, ninety days in the county, thirty days in the precinct, and 44 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. citizenship of the United States shall qualify a person as voter. The judges of election constitute the board of registry for each precinct. They meet as such on Tuesday four weeks prior to election, and again on each of the two fol lowing Tuesdays. The first two meetings for registry of applicants, the last for revision of lists. Meantin1e the clerks are required to canvass the precinct, and the result of their canvass is used by the board in revising registry. When that is con1pletecl a public registry is hung up at place of registry, and the election cbmn1issioners shall cause copies of the san1e to be printed for use of voters of precinct, and, if deen1ed necessary, published in news papers. Provision is 111ade for registering persons omitted or rejected, on order of the election commissioners or of the County Court, after hearing. General registration shall be n1ade prior to each Presidential election, and the applicant must personally appear. At inter1nediate elections the general registration is examined and purged of non-residents or non-voters, and new voters are added, on application, and the registry shall be revised aft.er a new canvass by the clerks. At elections the polls shall be open from 6 A. )I. to 4 P. M., and no judge or clerk shall be absent n1ore than five minutes at a time till the ballots are all cast and counted. · Ballot box to be kept constantly in public view, and no obstruction allowed. Voters n1ay put their nan1es on ballots. As a person's vote is cast, his name on registry shall be checked. If challenged, he is -sworn to answer questions; and, after hearing, may be allowed to vote or be rejected. If reject ed, he n1ay afterward produce and deliver his own affi davit that he is a duly qualified voter, supported by affi davit of a registered voter, whereupon his vote shall be received. The affidavits and a record of the facts shall be THE NE·w ELECTION LAW. 45 preserved. N·o person shall vote who is not registered as a qualified voter. Each political party may have a challenger at the polls; also at the registry. During canvass of the votes, the challengers and watchers of the canvass., consisting of one person designated in writing by each candidate., shall be admitted. The whole nun1ber of ballots shall first be counted, ancl any excess above the nun1ber on the poll-list shall be drawn out ancl destroyed. rrhe different kinds of ballots shall be placed in separate piles, and then counted by tens by one judge, then handed to each of the other judges, who shall also count the sa1ne, when the third judge shall call off the names and the clerks shall tally each ten votes. The ballots shall, as soon as counted, be strung upon twine in the order read, by tens. "\Vhen the canvass is con1pleted, each judge in turn shall proclain1 in a loud voice the total vote received by each candidate. Quadruple staten1ents of the result shall be made, one of which shall be written in each of the poll-books used, and one each sent to the county clerk and one to the v)mp troller of the city, after attaching one copy of each kind of ballot voted at the election to each return. The tallies shall be sent, under seal, one to the election commissioners and one to the city clerk. The poll-books which contain two of the staten1ents or returns shall be placed in the ballot-box, a1id locked and sealed with a strip of paper contajning the names of all the judges. One judge shall take the ballot-box, and another, of opposite politics, the key. rrhen the whole of the ballots, except those pasted to the statements, shall be destroyed, and the meeting of judges and clerks clissol ved. Before noon next day, the ballot-box shall be delivered to the electiou con1- missioners, who shall receipt therefor. The key shall also be delivered and receipted for, and lhe two judges not having the ballot-box and the two clerks shall, before noon 46 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. next clay, deliver the staten1ents and tallies in their pos session to the respective officer to whon1 addressed, and no judge or clerk shall receive pay until _he produce the receipts for the retnrns as aforesaid. The canvassing board, con1posed of the county judge, city attorney and 1 he board of election conunissioners, shall canvass and ~bstract the votes ·within seven days after the election. A com1Jrehensive list of penalties for elec tion offenses is enacted. The salaries of election con1n1issioners for CC?ok county are ~1,500, and the chief clerk $2,000. Judges and clerks of election and official ticket-holders, $3 per day-judges to receive pay for not exceeding four days, _including reg istration and election; clerks to receive five days' pay. Expenses of city election to be paid by city, but state, county and general elections to be paid by county. ELECTIONS, PRI1IARY.-Authorizes political parties, by resolution of their regular comn1ittees adopting this law, to conduct their prin1aries under its provisions; pro vides penalties for illegal voting, false returns and other irregularities. ELECTION PRECINCTs.-Limits election precincts to four hundred and fifty votes, county boards to so arrange them as near as possible. The first election con1missioners were, Frances A. Hoff- man, Samuel B. Rayn1ond and Daniel Corkery. When Mr. Hoffman became corporation counsel of the city of Chicago, Chris. Cassel111an succeeded hin1, and when he moved out ·of the city Mr. Oehner was appointed to his place.~ ,vhen J\ir. Raymond becan1e a candidate for the county treasurership before the Republican convention, he was succeeded by Dr. N orn1an Bridge. Mr. Corkery is now president of the board. The first secretary was Tin1- othy Crean, now deceased, and of grateful memory. THE NEW'. ELECTION L.A.W. 47

THE ROLL OF" HONOR. The following is a list of the judges and elerks who first, served under the New Election Law. The first three names in each precinct areY those of judges; the last two are those of clerks:

FIRST WARD~ First Prec1nct.-Ph. Dieter, 12 S. Water, D.; C. F. Dabb, Commercial Hotel, R.; 0. F. Mellum, 69 Dearborn, R.; J. 'I'. Mullen, St. Charles Hotel, D.; A. M. Stout, 69 Dearborn,. R, SecondPrecinci.-M . •1. ,ventworth, ShermarrHouse, D.: FrankStepmarr, Briggs House, D.; J. I. Pearce, Sherman House, R.; Louis Klein, Germania House, D.; J. D. Sommers, Room,5, 1'55 Washington, Ogden House, R. Th'i-rd Preci.nct.-M. \V. Barker, 188 S. Clark, D.; B. M. Davenport, St. James Hotel, R.; John 1\fcD@nald, Otis Bloek, R.; G. Harmyet, 172 Washing ton; John C. ·wall.ace, Garfield House, R.. Fmu·th Prccinct.-J. P. Kirrigan, Continental Hotel, D.; \Vm. Phillips; 409 State, D.; M. A. L0ring·, Cli:fiton House, R.: E. C. Kohler; Chas.. E Parsons, 146 State, R. · Fifth Prcc-inct.-.1. \Vard Ellis, 209 State, R.; H. G. Billings, Matteson House, R.; Robt. Stahl, 204: State, R.; T. Benton Leiter; Pullman Building; Milton Palmer, Palmer House, D .. Sixth Precinct.- \V. B. Andrews, 232. Michigan ave., D.; Geo. S. Essex, 194: Michigan ave., D.; Roswell R Bacon. Leland Hotel, R.; Thos. B. Lory, 288 Wabash ave; Thos. Hoops, 194 Michigan ave., R. Seventh Prec'ilwt.-A. W. Herr 95 ~hird ave., D.; J. H. McCormick, 291 S. Dearborn, R.; R. H. Vickers, Ch0ate's Hotel, R.; J. A. Tolman, Choates Hotel, D.; Wallace R. Dean, 43 Third av.e., R. . Eiohth Precinct.- Sol. Diamond, 267 S. Clark, D.; John Griffin, 108 E. Van Buren, D.; John Davis, 191 S. Clark, R.; C. M. Colmar, 269 S. Clark. D.: Oscar Odelines, Pacific Hotel, R. Ninth Precinct.- Wm. Connors, 294: Clark, D.; H. H. Kohlsaat, Grand Pacific, R.; Pat. Gore, Grand Pacific, R.; E.G. Brown, 320 S. Clark, D.; Chas L. Easton, Grand Pacific, R. Tenth Precinct.-John .A. Lomax, 14: Charles pl., D.; W. Skelley, 286 Fifth ave., D.; B. R. Hall, 157 E. Van Buren, R.; C. Keeting, 283 S. Franklin, D.; Joseph Vande:rfort, 286, Fifth a.YE;., R.

SEeOND WARD. Fi-rst Precinct;- Henry Lotzerig-, 359 Fifth ave., D.; Alexander McLeod, 359 Fifth ave., R.; August Heller, 114: Sherman, R.; J P. Doherty, as S. Clark, D.; Harry Boyne, 359 Fifth ave., R. Sccona. Precinct.- Henry Malzacher, 403 S. Clark, D.; A. Van Praag·, 392 State, D.; J. J. Cappels, 420 State, R.; Marshall Graves, 358 State, D.; Geo. H. Shaw, 110 E. Harrison, R. Third Precinct.- Mark L. Crawford, Wabash ave. & Eldridge ct., D.; I.,. O. Hilbourn, 47 Peck ct', H..; Edward Elkin, 405 State, R.; C. V. Cavaroc, jr.; 379 State, D.; Alexander Delne, 387 State, R. Fourth Precinct.- F. G. Hoyne, 267 Michig-an ave., D.; C. E. Lambert, 388 ,vabash ave., D.; E. R. Bliss, 213 Michig·ari ave., R.; Mathew Lennon, 458 Wabash ave., D.; B. Loring. 27 Michiga_n ave., R. Fifth Precinct.-J~mes F . .-i;,athal!l, ~ Michigan, D.; f·.T: Lay, ~1 M~ch igan ave., R.; S. D. K1mbark~ ::331 1'-!1ch1gan ave., R.; E. ·d1lhams, 291 Mich igan aYe., D.; Frank B. ,varrmg, 4-fl;> State, R. Sixth P.recinct.-John Koch, 494 State, D.; John Manon, 476 State, D.; J. E ..Tones, 287 Third ave., R.; W~1;1· P. Murphy, 462 State, D.; M. M. Smith, 181 Third ave, R.; J.E. Doherty, 452 State. R. Seventh Preci.nct. -1\fax. Rosengarten, 561 State, D.; J. A. Worth, 508; State,. R~; J~ C. Rott, 5!.)(},State, R.~ John Ward,_550½.State, D.; F. L. Hibbard~. 539 \Yabush ave..,. R~ 48 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.AGO.

Eighth Precinct.- Samuel Houston, 228 Sherman, D.; James Cody. 228 Sherman, D.; I. C. Harris, 442 Clark, R.; James Cody, jr., 228 Sherman, D.; Henry P. Symms, 444 Clark, H. Ninth Precinct.- ,James O'Brien, 13.57 Clark, D.; Henry Bincke, 1346 State; C. Laubersheimer, 1258 State, R.; Thomas Waters, 1258 State, D.; Frederick North, 1350 State, R. Te1tth Prec'i'nct.-F. Coyle.1208 Michigan ave .• D.; G. Harris, 1233 Michigan ave., D.; E.G. Mason, 1204 Michig·an ave., R.; Geo. W. Thomas, 1204 Indiana ave., D.; w·. G. Dailey, 12-20 .Michiglm ave., R. Eleventh Precinct.- B. F. Bruce, 1350 ,vubash ave.; M. A. Farwell, 1343 Michigan a,~e., R.; S. J. Glover, 1315 Michig·anave., R.; H. H. Hose, 1332 Michi gan ave., R.; I. J. Henneberry, 1319 State, D. Twelfth Prccinct.-T. M. Hoyne, 1461 Michigan ave., D.; C. Summerfield, 1462 Michigan ave., D.; J. B. Bradwell, 1428 Michigan ave., R.; H. A. '""'=ilder, 1410 Michigan uxe., D.; H.P. Riarden, 1512 Indfaua ave., R~ Thirteenth Pncinct.- vVm. Henneberry, 1515 State, D.; J .. M. Gillespie, 1436 Wabash ave., R.; F. L. Stevenson, 1400 Wabash ave.; J. J. Ryan. 1509 State, D.; W. A. Howe, 1433 ·wabash a,re., R.

THIRD WARD. First -Precinct.-Michael Hart, 1628 Butterfield, D.; F. H. Fry, 1633 Wabash ave,., R;; -w:m. f: Orc1:1tt, l?O~ State, R.; Jos. Connolly, 16Q4 Michig·an ave., D.; H. M. Curtis, 1612 Indiana a\e., R. Second Precinct.-Moses G. Flood, 1728 Dearborn, D.; Frank Brust, 116 Eighteenth, D.; F. S. Hansen, 1720 Mi_cbigan ave., R.; Jas. M. Clifford, 1722 ,va bash ave., D.; Soren Mathison, 1734 ,vabash ave., U. Third Prcc'i:nct.-St. Clair Sutherland, 1830 w·abash ave.; G. E. Morton, 1800 Michigan ave.; Henry W. B. Hoyt, 63 E. Eig·hteenth; Henry Evans, 143 E. Eighteenth; H. G. Ilfrd, 1809 ..Wabash ave. Fourth Preci.nct.-Walter S. Paine, 1904 Wabash ave.; C. C. Evans, 1912 ,vabash ave.; H. F. Birch, 1912 Michigan ave.; Charles King, 122 E. Twen tieth; N. B. Rappleye, 2020 Wabash ave. Fifth Precinct.-John A. Markley, 2125 Calumet ave.; Geo. F. Bissell, 2003 Prairie ave.; E.G. Keith, 1909 Prairie ave.; Fernando Jones, 1834 Prairie ave.; O. C. Nelson, 1623 Indiana ave. Sixth Precinct.-H. A. Kohn, 2210 Calumet ave.; Jacob Vog·leman, 233.5 Cottage Grove ave.; E. P. Tobey, 2-231 Calumet ave.; J. Devanny, 2345 Cot tage Grove ave.; A. \V. Crouch, 2330 Calumet ave. Serenth Prccfnct.-John C. Schubert, 131 E. Twenty-Second; W. Mose back, 2333 Michigan ave., It; ,v. H. Sard, 2'Z50 Michigan ave.; Martin Moylan, .2"216 Indiana ave., D.; 'l'. J. ,vells, 2350 Indiana ave. Eiallth Precinct.-Isaac Howland, 190 E. 'l'wenty-Second; J. D. O'Neill, 138 E. Twenty-Second; John Barkin, 2124 \Vabash ave.; A. Lemen, 2103 But terfield; Dr. S. Quinlin, 2125 \Vabash ave. Ninth Precinct.-Jacob Heissler, 2356 State: Francis P. Fisher, 2238 Wa bash ave.; Frank Gilbert, 2252 Wabash ave.; John J. DeLacy, 2222 Dearbor~ Charles H. Lent, 2238 Wabash ave. · Tenth Precinct.-Geo. W. Morris, 2449 Michigan ave.; B. Philpot. 2444: ,va bash ave.; J. L. Barnum, 2425 Michig·an ave.; Charles Canney, 197 Twenty Fourth; Charles F. Stitt, 2440 Prairie ave. Eleventh Prccinct.-Karl Buehl, 2510 Prairie ave.; "\Vatson S. Hinkley, 92 Twenty-Sixth; H. N. Wheeler, 2520 Indiana ave.; E. L. Bentl~y., 2521 Michigan ave.; Wm. M. Olcott, 2550 Prairie ave. Twelfth Prec'i-nct.- Benedick Schlossman, 86 Twenty-Fifth; B. Baum, 2409 South Park ave.; D. F. Crilly, 2416 S. Park ave.; B. DuIT~ 8 Twenty-Sixth; Jam~s B. Gallaway, 45 Twenty-Fifth.

FOURTH WARD. First Prc~inct.-James Holloran, 2606 State, D.; Geo. F. Geist, 2713 Dear born, R.; ,vm. Lange, 341 Twenty-Se,·enth, R.; Bernhard Baumann, 2828 State, D.; Benj. Deacon, 2721 Dearborn, R. Second Precinct.-Jacob Weil, 2703 Wabash ave., D.; E. B. King, 2827 Wa bash ave., D.; M. B. Hull, ~26 Michig·an ave., R.; H. Whitbeck, 2841 Michigan ave., D.; W. Gannett, Jr., 2638 Michigan ave., R. Third Precinct.-.A. Clasen, 2712 South Park :ave., D.; Wm. J. Watson, THE NEW ELECTION L.A '\V. 49

264-0 Prairie ave., R.; Hlr• W. Dudley, 2613 Indiana ave., R.; M. Murphy, 2820 Calumet ave., D.; F. W. Farwell, 2705 Indiana·ave., R. Fourth Precinct.-Fred R. Miller, corner Twenty-Eighth and Cottage Grove ave., D.; Hy. Delaney, Keeley Brew. Co., D.; Andrew Burnham, 28 Twenty-Ninth, TL; John ll. Gearey, 2721 Cottage Grove ave., D.; Fred Muel ler, 2700 Cottage Grove ave., R. Ji1ifth Precinct.-R. J. '\Voodruff, 40 Thirty-First, D.; 0. B. Barker, 2948 Vernon nve., R.; Eli Smith, 3028 Vernon ave., R.: Geo. H. Ketelle, Jr., 3027 Groveland an.!., D.; Ira H. Schattuck, 3034 Vernon ave., R. Si.rth Prccinct.-T. Fitzgerald, 2924: ~outh Park ave., D.; Edmund Ohm stead, 14-1 Thirty-First, D.: Frank G. Logan, 2919 Prairie ave., R.; Jas. Dono hue, 3027 Calumet ave.; Chas. \V. Ne·wton, 198 Thirty-F_irst, R. Seventh Precinct.-H. S. Elliott, 24:3 Thirty-First, D.: Oren B. Taft, 3014 Michigan ave., R.; Jas. F. Gillette, 2008 Michig;an ave., R.; L. V. A. Lawrence, 2927 Michigan ave., D.; A. A. Grannis, 2916 Indiana ave., R. Eiuhth Preci'.nct.-A. C. Miller, 2947 Butterfield, D.; John Keyes, 2969 Dearborn, D.; H. Daemicke, 2000 State, R.; Jno. McMahon, 2917 Butterfield; R. E. Moore, 2924 Butterfield, R. Ninth Precinct.-John Sa,·ery, 361 Thirty-First, D.: Hy. Snowell, 3136 State, H..; Wm. H. Elliott, 3030 State, R.; N. H. Graham, 3145 Dearborn, D.; C. J. \Vhitfield, 3113 Dearborn, R. Tenth Precinct.-,v. H. Condon, 3302 ·wabash ave., D.; Chas. E. McDon nell, 3142 Michigan ave., D.; G. C. T. Morris, 3108 Michigan ave., R.; G. J. Blickhan, 3223 State, D.; ,v. P . .Anderson, 3212 Indiana ave., R. ]1.JlCl)ellth Precinct.-·w. H. Russell, 3126 Calumet ave., D.; M. Leffler, 215 Thirty-First, R.; G. Howison. 3149 Indiana ave., R.; J. H. Thompson, 3141 In diana ave., D.; A.H. Pratt, 3Z2H Prairie ave., R. Tweifth Precinct.-J. Morton, 3143 Rhodes ave., D.; Geo. H. Sidwell, 3222 Rhodes ave., R.; J. Neatin, 3216 Hhodes ave., D.; C. C. Greenlay, 3169 Grove land ave., D.; C. S. Bartlett, 31Gl Groveland ave., R. Tfri1'teenth Precinct.-S. R. '\\"'illiams.135 'Thirty-Fourth, D.: Frank Wells, 19 Groveland park, R.; James N. Smart, 166 Thirty-Fourth, R.; L. Mayer, 3307 Cottag-e Grove ave., D.; J. N. Buchanan, ~3 Vernon ave., R. Fourteenth Prccinct.-R. \V. Hyman, Jr., 3347 Prairie ave., D.; F. W. Tourtelotte, 3401 ,vabush ave., D.; C. C. Chandler, 3347 Wabash ave., R.; J. L. Nelson, 3385 Calumet ave., D.; Jos. l\f. Stfiele, 3414 Calumet ave., R. Fifteenth PreC'inct.-Edw. Reddy, 3457 Dearborn, D.; C. Hotchkin, 3336 Wabash ave., R.; .Leo Hettich, B207 Dearborn, R.; H.P. Moran, 3220 Dear born, D.; Theophilus Schmid, 361 Thirty-Fourth, R. Si.:rteenthPrecinct.-Michael Fahey, 3532 State, D.; J. H. Ludden, 3613 Dearhorn, D.; C. B. Crombie, 3608 Michigan ave., R.; J. W. Smith, 3604: Dearborn, D.; G. E. Porter, 36W ,vabnsh ave., R. Seventeenth Precinct.-M. Doyle, 3701 Butterfield, R.; Jno. Nourse, 3448 Dearborn,,,_ H;.; H~n-~y Koehsel, 372'.3 State, U.; Jos. Johnson, 3806 Dearborn; Chas. A. i::,h1rley, 3824 Stat(,, R. EiahteenthPr~cinct.-Claudel J. Adams, {1656 Indiana ave., D .; John I. Moran, Thirty-Seventh and Forest ave., D.; S. D. Foss, 3750 Grand boul., R.; U. P. Gerrity,3tH5Jt..,orestave., D.; G. P .•Tones, 3625 Indiana ave., R. NineteenthPrccinct.-G. ,v. Lawrence, !!08 Thirty-Seventh, D.; Wm. A. Stanton, 81 Bryant ave., R.; Ben: F. Nourse, 3G4:!) Grand boul., R.; Chas. Pickett, 362'.3 Vernon ave., D.; Chas. N. Black, 46 Oak ave., R. Twentieth Precinct.-John '\V. Horton, 3.542 Lake ave., D.; E. C. Cleaver, 3615 Lake ave .• D.; John \Y. Hepbm.·n, 3617 Ellis ave., R.; F. C. Cleaver, 3615 Lake ave., D.; Oramel S. Hough, 146 Thirty-Seventh, R. 1.'wenfu-Firs~ Prrcinet.-1. S. Cas~y, 3746 ~ohnson ave., D.; C. G. French, 20 Aldmesq., H.; Abner Smith, 15 Aldme sq., R.; E. H. Hatch, 9 Aldinesq., D.; G. H. Clark,30Aldinesq., R. 1.'wcnty-second Precinct.-J. Cahill, 3720 Cottage Grove ave., D.; Thos. Scanlon, 3816 Langley ave., D.; T. M. Caliger, 3801 Langley ave., R.; W. M. Emerson, 3842 Langley ave.: E. S. Sweet, 3714 Langley ave., R. Twentu-th-1.rdPrecinct.-A. C. Huston, 3875 Cottage Grove ave., D.; Alfred D. Eddy, 3834 Ellis ave., R.; Chas. G. Wicker, 3804 Ellis ave., R.; I. H. Jacobi, 3841 Cottage Grove ave., D.; Seward Shepard, 17 Thirty-ninth, R. FIFTH WARD First Precinct.-Thomas Tobin, 1716 Clark; Alex. McClelland, 1918 La Salle; C. Miller, 1818 Clark; Martin E. Wolfe, 1734 LaSalle; Patrick Corrigan, 1916 La8alle. 4 50 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Second Precinct.-Jacob Fahanforth, 4.52 Twenty-second; Jeremiah Murphy, 2140 Archer ave.; Conrad Goebig·, 376 E. Twenty-second; Richard J. Curtin, 2111 Grove; P. J. Loas, 269 Twenty-first. Third Precinct.-David Deist, 2101 Archer ave.; Joseph Cloidt, 78 Finnell; M. Loeb, 2137 A.rcher ave.; Wm. Pfetfner, 66 Finnell; Otto C. Miller, 312 Twenty-second. Fourth Precinct.-S. ~T. Oehman, 2245 ,vcntworth ave.; John Ready. 2228 LaSalle; A. Neuhaus, 2125 Wentworth ave.; J. T. Neeley, 2021 Archer ave.; 0. Griffig-, 2217½ ,ventworth :we. lNfth Prec·inct.-A. Martin, 383 Twenty-third; Herman Schmincke, 379 Twenty-third; Henry T. Sladeck, 48 Bushnell; Peter Schimmels, 304: Twenty third; Frank H. Cloidt, 381 Twenty-third. Sixth Precinct.-Fred. Sommer, 329 Twenty-fourth; John Keefe, 214: Twenty-fourth pl.; T. F. ,vnumnson, 180 :McGregor; John Styx, 4:18 Twenty fifth; Henry Diesel, 2422 ,ventworth ave. Seventh Precinct.- Michael Gary, 2704 LaSalle; C. H. N ortman, 2711 Wentworth ave.; J. J. Pfordresher, 2501 ,ventworth ave.; Terence Gleason, 2410 La Salle; Adolph Cohn, 2719 Wentworth a Ye. Eighth Prccf11ct.-Frank Burns. 34:9 Twenty-sixth; John Menzenberger. 346 Twenty-sixth; R. F. Brink, 2534 Wentworth ave.; J. H. Gleason, 38 Twenty-eighth; J. B. Thomas, 2700 ,ventworth ave. 'Ninth Precinct.-John N. Duback, 2805 Fifth ave.; Henry Bossi, 502 Thirtieth; H. W. Pelton, Sr., 2921 Portland ave; Chas. E. Allard, 86 Twenty ninth; .John N. Koch, 478 Thirtieth. Tenth Precinct.-John Farrell, 3003 Wentworth ave.; Daniel H. Flynn, 3009 LaSalle; John Rennett. 2923 ·wentworth ave.; H. :Froelich, 3035 Went worth ave.; John H. Ryan, 2904 \Ventworth ave. Eleventh Prec·inct.-P. J. Cuneen, 3165 Wentwort ave:; John Braun, 3100 Wentworth ave.; Sven Johnson, 3216 ,ventworth ave.; J. H. Darrow, 3258 \Ventworth ave.; C. Lindeman, 3110 \Ventworth ave. Twelfth Precinct.-T. Waldron 36i'>7 Wentworth ave.; Michael J. Duffy, 54:6 W. Thirty-seventh; John Kile, 3816 Lasalle; John Burns, 3737 Lasalle; A. W. Rowley, 541 Thirty-seventh. '11hirtcenth Precinct.-Michael O'Connor, 3160 Fifth ave.; David Martin, 630 Thirty-seventh; Eugene Vaughan, 3206 Fifth ave.; Daniel F. Curran, 3240 Fifth ave.;},. Donnelly, 354:6 Wentworth ave. Fourteenth Preci11ct.-Dennis Gleason, 3727 S. Halsted; John Larrisey, 3701 Emerald ave.; Chas. P. Holbrook, 3707 Halsted; Timothy Gorman, 3755 Dasbiel; Michael H. Collins, 3700 Dushiel. Fifteenth Precinct.-Henry Behrens, 3621 S. Halsted; J. Hetherington, 3627 Emerald ave.; D. F. Cohrs, 3559 S. Halsted; William J. White, 3610 Dash iel; John P. Bowes, 3558 Dashiel. Sixteenth Prec·lnct.-Daniel Delaney, 3601 Dashiel; Timothy O'Donnell, 744 Thirty-seventh; John O'Connor, 3511 Lowe ave.; Cornelius Reidy, 796 Thirty-seventh; John B. McAuliffe, 3602 Lowe ave. Seventeenth Precinct.-E. J. Baddershaw, 3019 Dashiel; Jacob Werner, 3001 S. Halsted; Frank H. Brown, 3016 Dashiel ; J. J. McKillop, 3101 S·. Halsted; James J. Ford, 30.'38 Dm;;hiel. . Eigi1tecnth Prec'inct.-Joseph Hurita, 2902 Parnell ave.; Benj. Burns, 159 Napoleon pl.; Gustaf A. Ohsfeldt, 488 Twenty-ninth; Jno. A. Sullivan, 540 Twenty-ninth; .Alfred Johnson, 3040 Hanover. N'inetcenth Prec'iHct.-'rirnothy Gritlin, 2625 Dashiel; James Dwyer, Twen ty-sixth and Dushiel i ..)\Jichael :Madigan, 280+ Dashiel; J. J. Brophy, Dashiel and Twenty-eig·hth; .ttichard P.owers, 2615 Dashiel. · Twentieth Precinct.-Aug·ust Ptlugraclt, 515 Twenty-sixth ; :Michael Schmidt, 626· Tw~nty-seYenth; Arthur K. Peterson, 566 Twenty-seventh; David Mullens. 494 'l'wenty-sixth; Victor H. Peterson, 566 Twenty-seventh. _Twent11-fir:;t Precinct.-Mat. Eichten, 517 Twenty-fifth; George Scharn- berg, 126 l\1C'Gregor; Nick Steilen, 128 l\IcGreg·or; Joseph Sruhan, 209 Twen- ty-third pl.; C. M. Cotter, 131 McGregor. · Twenty-Mcoud Precinct.-Aug·ust Mette~ 2511 Emerald ave; Dennis Carey, 601 Twenty-fifth; Jno. Kinsella, Jr., 2424 Sanger; David L. Leahy, 2424: Sanger; H. Sherman, 2542 Sanger. Twenty-third Prechict.-Frank Keegan, 2582 Archer ave.; Henry Stuck art, 2517 Archer ave.; Maurice Crean, 2516 Halsted; A. G. Begy, 2556 Hickory; Daniel •r. Gorman, Jr., 2552 Hickory. '1.1wr:,nty-fourth Prcc·inci.-Daniel McManmon, 3321 Auburn; John O'Con- THE NEW ELECTION LAW. 51 nor, 947 Thirty-fourth; James Bancroft, 3423 Auburn; Redmond Langan. 3342 Halsted; P. J. Murphy, 867 Thirty-fourth. Twenty-fifth P1·ecinct.-James P. A. McDonough, Thirty-eighth and Hal sted; S. Burkhardt, 3 Thirty-fifth ct.; J. Schweitman, 3552 S. Halsted; Rob ert E. Keating, 896 Thirty-sixth; R. C. Nehls, 3.564- S. Halsted. Twenty-sixth Precinct.-Patrick J. Lee, 3208 Ullman; Thos Coogan, 1096 Thirty-fifth; Jas. ,v. Dough, 3212 Ullman; James Tracey, Thirty-fifth and Laurel; Jno. F. Nachtrieb, 3111 Vincennes ave. Twenty-seventh Precinct.-Patrick Lane, 2932 Main; Henry Bailey, 2960 Main; David Fitzgerald, 2915 Farrell: John E. Cavanaugh, 2858 Main; Sam. J. Le Clare, 3057 Farrell. Twentu-c"iullth Precinct.-Peter Connolly, 2995 Lyrpan; Michael Gorman, 876 Thirty-first; James L. Cleary, 2987 Bonaparte; :Michael Dillon, 2901 Archer ave.; John J. Page, 2921 Haynes ave. Twcntu-ninth Prccinct.-J. J. Healy, 2628 Hickory; Thomas A. Price, 2859 Deering·; James C. Brooks, 2861 Deering; Stephen H. Kelley, 25-39 Cologne; Dennis J. Heilly, 2735 Logan. Thirtieth Pn:ei11ct.-Patrick H. Sheahan, cor. Fuller and Hickory; John Lane, 106 Fuller; ,John ,v. Conway, 2958 Archer ave.; Daniel Kenifick, 28'i4 Hickory ; ,villiam 1'. Allen, 2860 Deering. . Thirty-first Prccinct.-Patrick L. Fogarty, 3213 Archer ave.; T. M. Fox, 3169 Archer ave.; Thomas McMahon, 3159 Archer ave.; Andrew Powers, 3137 Archer ave.; Jas. Breen, 3164 Archer ave. Tln'.rt11-secmlll Precinct.-.James Kelley, 3412 Bloom; James Woods, 3300. Charlton; John T. Richards, 3439 Paulina; Thos. Connolly, Thirty-fifth and Charlton; James B. ,vntse, 3430 Bloom. Thirty-third Precinct.-Patrick Healy, 3858 Ashland ave., Ben. H. Boyer, 3521 Paulina; Samuel ,veig·htman, 1433 '1.'hirty-fifth; C.. J. Hellenthal, 3o00 Ashland ave.; ,vm. G. Henshaw, 1409 Thirty-fifth.

SIXTH ·wARD. First Precinct.-James Gorman, 731 S. Canal, D.; Lorenz Biakink. 88 W. Eighteenth, R.; vVm. Raleigh, 7358 S. Canal, R.: Michael Tobin, 88 Seward, D.; Richard Nelson, 680 S. Canal, H. · Secona. Prec·inct.-Jno. Summers, 655 S. Jefferson, D.; Urban Schmitz, 147 W. Sixteenth, D.; A.G. Rueck, 48 String·, R.; John Callahan, 54 Ruble, D.; Julius Kratz, 43 String, R. Thirll Prcc'inct.--M. Blake, 67 Canalport ave., D.; w·. Wedemeyer, 133 Canalport ave., R.; Henry Ludewing, 676 S. Union, R.; Jos. Desjordin, 147 W. Eig·hteenth, R.; C. Cobiskey, 125 Canalport ave., D. JI'

Thirteenth Precinct.-John Foley, 668 W. Twenty-first, D.; Alex. Wat son, 739 Hinman, R.; H. Euthof, 748_ Hinman, R.; C. Algrim, 847 Blue Island ave., D.; L. Albers, 847 Blue Island ave., R. Fourtee-nth Precinct.-P. Yeldon. 777 Hinman, D.; H.Monzel, 788 Hin man, D.; Miles O'Ke.lley, 801 ,v. 'Twenty-second, H.; R. Forsyth, 62 Am brose, D.; C. Rohe, 787 Hinman, R. Fifteenth Prccinct.-'l'hos ,veston, 6,9 W. Twentieth, D.; L. E. Cook, fi'19 ,v. Twentieth, H.; Rudolph I.ass, 725 \V. Twentieth, R.; D. McGann, 2'~ ,v. Nineteenth; E. E. Heminger, 903 S. Ashland, H. . SLcteenth Prcc'i11ct.-Franlc Mokowski, 792 Paulina, D.; R. B. Houghton, 688 Van Horn, D.; Jos. Naperalskr, 681 ,v. Seventeeth, IL; B. Doniski, ,09 \V. Seventeeth, D.; .J. H. Payne, 573 ,v. Nineteenth, R Scve11tcc11th Precinct.-YVm. Keefe, 1009 ,v. Twenty-first, D.; A. Barz, 889 ,v. Twenty-first, R.; \Ym. Schwerin, 977 "\V. T·went;v-first, IL Wm. B. Sharman, cur. Nineteenth and ·western uve., D.; Chas. Kasch, 911 W. Twenty first, H.. Eiahtcenth Prechict.- George Johnson, 1009 W. Twenty-second, D.; Geo. Bell, 1087 Blue Island ave., D.; John J. Weber, 1050 ,v. 'l'went;y-s~cond, H.; Dr. Clark, 980 w·. Twenty-first, D.; John Lillig·. Jr., 1093 S. Hoyne ave., U. Nineteenth Prec·inct.-James Fitzpatrick, cor. 'l'wenty-Sixth and Camp bell ave., D.; V. Carlson, 308 Parmalee, R.; J. Koeoelk, 1101 California aye., R.; Julius Hoffman, 1054 \V. Twenty-first, D., Joseph Little, 32'J Parmalee, R. Twentieth Precinct.-J. L. Grego~r, Millard ~we. station, D.; H. H. rrib betts, Millard ave. station, D.; J. H. ,veber, 11:20 Millard ave., R.; C. L. Bonney, 1127 Genesee ave., D.; A. Vanderpoel, Millard ave. station, R.

SEVENTH ·w ARD. First Precinct.-John Heying·, 566 S. Canal; Matthew J. Brennan, 99 Wilson; Servatius Linden, 564 S. Canal; John Torpey, 148 ,v. Twelfth; John McCaffrey, 59 Judd. . Second Precinct.--Patrick Downs, 112 Maxwell; B. Denver, 5Sl4 Canal; Wm. Hebener, 530 S•• Jefferson; Patrick Kennedy, 25 Liberty; C. Frag·nitz, 100 ,v. Fourteenth, Third Prccinct.-John McMahon, 645 Canal; Louis Korter, 631 Canal; Wm. T. Payne, 641 Canal; .Jam~s Hurley, 88 ,vright; J. J. :Madden, 13 W. Fifteenth. Fourth Precinct.-M. J. Clinch, cor. Fifteenth and Union; P. Corkill, 585 Jefferson; Geo. M. ·wimmer, 186 ,v. Fifteenth; "\Vm. J. Hawkshaw, 548 Union; ,vm. S. Powell, Jr., 2'27 Newberry ave. F'ifth Pr·ecinct.- Wm. Upton, 569 S. Halsted; John Freiber, 580 S. Hal sted; C. Mobinski, 582 S. Halsted; F. B. Handtman, 562 S. Halsted; Adolph Metzger, 592 S. Halsted. SLcth Precinct.- Fred Shroeder, 246 Maxwell; Jno. Farrell, 109 Liberty; George McKenzie, 235 Maxwell; C.H. Duley, Fourteenth and Union; E. J. Stephens, 266 Maxwell. Seventh Precinct.-James Clare, 38 O'Drien; F. ,v. Dodge, 182 v;r. Twelfth; Fred Burkhardt, 192 "r· Twelfth; L .•J . .Niehoff, 26 O'Brien; Jolm Schneider, 278 W. Twelfth. Ji.Jigllth Prccinct.-Morg·an O'Brien; cor. Johnson and :Maxwell; Peter Jene, 314 W. Twelfth; R. V. Kennedy, 113 Newberry ave.; ·wm. Maloner, 487 S. Halsted; Albert H. Mussen, 142 Newberry ave. Ninth Precinct.- C. J. McGruft, 113 Johnson; John F. Shifter, 8;') Johnson; vVm. Coogan, .91 Johnson; F. E. Percey, 153 Brown; Charles Imrnekus, 126 .T ohnson. Tenth Precinct.- ~I.Brennan, Thirteenth pl. and Blue Island ave.; Mathias Schaffhousen, 252 Blue Island ave., vV. J. Johnson, 375 ,v. }~ourteenth; M. F. Fleming. 413 Yv. Fourteenth; :Frederick Henisch, 412 ::'tfaxwcll. Eleventh Precinct.-Jas. O'Sullivan, 356 ,v. Fourteenth; Wm. Daxter 552 S. Morgan; Wm. Bartels, 460 Center ave.; T. Mahoney, 2 Henry; Thos. Ryan 62 Henry. T~oelfth Precinct.-John Sullivan, 348 vV. Fifteenth; Patrick Brown, 312 ,v. Fifteenth; Joseph H. Girard, 9 Henry; T. Barry, 299 w·. Fifteenth; J. J. Brown, 312 W. Fifteenth. Thirteenth Precinct.- ,v·m. Staats, 504 W. Fifteenth; John Derrickson, 429 W. Fifteenth; Vul Kopf, :357 Blue Island ave.; James Phelan, 01 I-Insting'S, Hugo F. Stern, 483 ·w. Fourteenth. THE NEW ELECTION LAW. 53

Fowrteenth Precinct.-James Considine, 407 Center ave.; Chas. Meyer, Blue Island ave. and Hasting; Charles Meyer, 58 Thirteenth pl.; Patrick F. Eustice, 119 Thirteenth pl.; James O'Harra, 72 W. 'l'hirteenth. Fifteenth J-'rccinct.-R. },. Buckley, 479 Loomis; Wm. Wertzler, 131 W. Thirteenth; Henry Fetemeyer, 127 W. Thirteenth; J. H. Buckley, 479 Loomis; John Hickey, 159 Thirteenth pl. Sixteenth Predntt. --John Grimes, 164 Hastings; .John Kiley, 130 Has tings; F. Angelstein, north west cor. Lafflin and Thirteenth pl.; G. D. O'Connor, 6:?8 \V. ~.',velfth; Jno. Coates, 205 \V. Thirteenth. Seventeenth "Precinct.-Joseph Gotthelf, 591 W. Fourteenth; Henry Scherer, 609 \V. Fourteenth, T. J. Carroll, 642 S. Ashland ave.; Edward Fox, 270 Henry; M. J. Dooley, 190 Henry. · E'ighteenth Precinct.-John Cowey, 637 S. Ashland ave.; Phil. Gleason, 692 \V. Fourteenth; L. S. Weaver,649S. Ashland ave.; T. Gilmartin,688 W. Fourteenth; J.B. Blank, 651 S. Ashland av~. :Nineteenth Precinct.-G. McDonna, Paulina and Thirteenth pl.; Jacob Wolf, 702 ,v. Twelfth; Julius Weldling, 587 S. Ashland ave.; Wm. More head, 346 Thirteenth pl.; Max Kirchman, 730 W. Twelfth. Twentieth Precinct.- ·wm. J. Donahue, 532 Thirteenth pl.; George H. Toney, 1200 Fifteenth; Michael J. Rowan, 541 Thirteenth pl.; George W. Wood, Rebecca, near Rockwell; A. Pfeil, Lincoln.

EIGHTH WARD. First Precinct.-E. Menzie, 108 W. Van Buren; A.H. Briggs, 252 S. Des plaines; Richard Jones, 92 W. Van Buren; M. Cagney, 242 S. Clinton; Am brose Keating, 252 S. Clinton. Second Precinct.-James McCann, 46 Depuyster; John M. Nagle, 267 S. Desplaines; Wm. F. Knoch, 152 W. Van Buren; John Kevi1, 25 Depuyster; John Z. Rittman, 49 Depuyst.er. Th'ird Prccinct.-Eugene Keogh. 200 S. Halsted; \Vm. D. Fitch, 235 S. Halsted; Henry ,vhite, 229 S. I'eoria; John Ryan, 214 S. Halsted; Fred Shaw, 235 S. Halsted. Fnurth Precinct.-,v. McCoy, Sangamon and Congress; L. Adams, 218 S. Morgan; H. BGnz, Morgan and Congress; Chas. Anderson, 207 S. ::Morgan; Fred Wood, 361 \Y. Harrison. Fifth Precinct.-:--John McGuire. 163 S. Center ave.; J. B. Carter, 349 W. Cong-ress; C. Gillespie, Throop and Congress; F. O'Malley, 416 W. Congress; C. M. Peebles, 286 \V. Congress. Si:rth Prcci11ct.-\Y. D. Price, 190 S. Center ave.; Thomas Keating-, 199 S. Center ave.; T. ,Yhiteside, 43:2 W. Harrison; John Hallinan, 212 Aberdeen; J. Van Persyn, 430 \Y. Harrison. Seventh Precinct~- Maurice Wallace, 33 Miller; J eph Le Petre, 19 Gold; David Byrnes, 40 Miller; l\L O'Brien, 33 Gold; E. \V. Pratt, 17 Gold. E·iuldh Precinct.- James Ryan, SOI S. Halsted; A. Charles. 77 Blue Island ave.; P. Sunfield, 2:3 Blue Island ave.; Otto Ulrichs, 23 Hope; T. H. Prender gast, 59 Blue Island av. Ninth Pre1·i11ct.-Frank C. Nag-le, 322 8. Halsted; 'l'. T. :Manley, 194 Ma ther; James Wishart, lti6 \V. Harrison; Geo. G. Ernest, lS.5 \V. Harrison; J. J. Ahren, lo2 W. Harrison. 'l'enth Prec,:nct.-Thoma8 Clifford, 305 S. Jefferson; \Vm. Lee. 137 \V. Polk; .Tames A. Rodgers. 279 S. Jefferson; James Shey, 297 S. Jefferson; C. E. Cruikshank, 308 S. J etl'erson. Rlcrn1th Preci11ct.-Patrick Morris, 130 Forquer: Louis Grnfius. 415 S. Canal; Henry Kilie, '69 Ewing·; Thomas Grace, 120 Forquer; John Schwartz, 42;; S. Cnnal. Tivclfth Precinct.- Joseph Baths, 341 S. Jefferson; Edward .T. Durke, 150 Forquer; Herman Gority, 166 Forquer; Joseph :Mangan, lti3 \Y. Taylor; Jas. H. Howe, 135 Ewing. Thirteenth Prcci11ct.-_'\ndrew Brennan, 24i'i \Y. 'l'n~·lor; .John Kralo,·ec, 189 ,v. '.raylor; .Tames E. Thomas, 206 \V. Polk; James J. Dooley, 192 For quei·; Julius Smidle, 193 ,Y. Taylor. Fourteenth Precinct.-.John Adams, 282 Forquer; John Bolland, 280 For quer; P. D, Schipperus, 256 Forquer; 'l'heo. Hurrsch, 235 Forquer; Q. J. Chott, 267 W. Taylor, clerk .1nstice Eberhardt's court. Fifteenth Precinct.- L. ,Yaltersdorf, 365 \V. Taylor; Edward O'Brien, 85 Miller; Jas. Wilson, 86 MilJer; E. Adams, 92 Miller; \Vm. Roach, 75 Miller. Sixteenth Prccinct.-John McEnery, Polk und May; Paul Morand, 331 S. 54 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

May; John Conway, Sr., 389½ ,v. Taylor; Wm. J. McGrath, Jr., 72 Damon; H. E. Taylor, 393 VI. 'l'aylor. - Seventeenth P.rccind.-Patrick N. Kelly, 271 Loomis; T. J. ·west, Gilpin pl. and Lytle; M. Miniter, 259 Center uve.; \.Vm. D. Kelley, 271 Loomis; Rob ert Goodw1llie, 447 Taylor. Ei'.uhteenth Preci11ct.- Patrick Hayes, J7 Xebraslm; Henry Armstrong, 117 Lytle; John .Butle1·, W7 Lytie; Georg·l! Cornvuy, 1-! Nebraska; James Mc Assey, 476 "\V. Taylor. Ninetee11,th Pr:'. :;••et.---?:1trie'.-. H. C v.nis\:cy. ii()J \Y. Twelfth; ,John T. Golden, 116 Lytle; F. D. t-;ha w, 1~8 L:,tie; Joseph Culliton, &il S. Center ave.; A. H. Rafter, 84: Taylor. . • T,.oenti.eth Pr1x·inct.-Jolm Suhmidt, 209 B!ue Island ave., G. Frauchere, 179 Blue Islancl aYe.; l\L Klettner, 18! Blue Island c:.Ye.; ·wm. J. O'Brien, 315 Aber,lcen; Chas. ,valters, 187 Blue 1sland a Ye. Twcntu-fin;t Pree ind .. -James E. 0' Brien, 37G 8. l\forµ:an; A. D. Terbush, 37 Brown; John Loebstein, '4:06 ~- Morgan; John Corbett, 5 Johnson; John Happ, 17 Johnson. Tu.,•e1ity-Secoml Prec'inct.-J ohn Houdek, 449 Desplaines; .Tames Doran, 4.07 S. Halsted; S. H. Harris, 392 S. Halsted; John Bo hen, 41 i S. Halsted ; Andrew Farrell, 200 ,v. Taylor. Twenty-tll'ird Prccinr·t.- A. J. Kolar, 448 S. Jefferson; Anton Pregler, 440 S. Jefferson; H. A. Haviland, 184 ,v. Taylor; James F. Roach, rn1 W. •rwelfth; Anton 8eidel, li·l DeK

NINTH "\YARD. IJ'irst Precinct.-.J. E. Ferg·uson, 34 S. Clinton; F. Heartig, Canal and Madison; M. J. Henderson, Canal and Madison; J. Heimbrodt, 24: 'N. Mad ison; Joseph Biggio, 30 \V. Randolph. Second Preci'.nct.-J·ames Sollitt, -15 "\V. Quincy; John Brown, 198 S. Jef ferson; John H. Enrig·ht, 76 w·. Adams; 'N. J. Magg-raff, 180 S. Clinton; Frank Kennedy, 209 S. Clinton. Third Precinct.-Henry Klein, 33 Boston ave.; .James Caldwell, 17 Boston ave.; John Mahoney, 186 S. Desplaines; A. Thoma, 45 Boston ave.; Chas. ,v. ·waslen, 136 Vv. Jackson. Fourth Prcc'inct.-I. Felsenthal, 156 S. Desplaines; Gabriel Tarrell, 157 W. Jackson; ,vm. Spence, 138 \V. Adams; B. Felsenthal, 156 S. Desplaines; Stephen Griffin, 162 S. Desplaines. Fifth Prednct.-Henry Ennis, 151 ,v. Monroe; George K. Jones, 163 \V. Adams; John Graham, 113 S. Desplaines; C. n. Masten, 180 \V. :Monroe; Rob ert Senott, 124 S. Desplaines. Sixth Prec:inct.·-H. F. Smith, 163 ,v. Madison; Lon Freeman, 176 W. Madison; F. D. Cummings, 142 ·w. Madison; G. J. Cassels, 168 \V. Madison; R. T. McDonough, 116 ·w. Madison. · Seventh Precinct.- Chas. Herrick, St. Denis Hotel; C. Collins, St. Denis Hotel; Georg·e Bairleon, 72 \V. Madison; L. R. Puffer, St. Denis Hotel; Frank Gallery, 82 S. Jefferson. Eighth Prcc'iHct.--Fred Boerner, 188 ,v. Randolph: James McCauley, 19 ',Valdo pl.; \V. \Yintermeyer, 144 ,v. Randolph; John Knold, Randolph nnd Union; "\V. D. Sheley, 118 \V. ·washing-ton. Ninth Prm'.nct.-Charles Yott, 241 \V. Madison; G. \V. Robinson, 242 W. Randolph; JQlm P. Kane, 196 Washington; B. L. Hess, 47 S. Halsted; T. H. Dillon, 2:~5 ,v. Madison. 1'c11tll Precinct.-\\rm. H. Snelson, 285 W. Monroe; L. D .•Jones, 42 Car penter; Chas. Frizzell, 10 S. Morgan; John Hugg·ins, 48 S. )Jorgan; Chas. J. Mapes, 48 S. Carpenter. Elcvc11th Precinct.- ·wm. Richard, 125 S. Halsted; Gustavus Jenifer, 220 W. Monroe; ,J.B. Crane, 2'.34 \V. l\1onroe; S. McQuiston, southeast cor. Green and Monroe; .J.M. Barstow, 210 \Y. Monroe. T11 1clfth Prccinct.-1H. M. Titzer, 156 S. Green; Leon Schlossman, 133 S. Peoria; .J. McCarthy, 192 S. Sangamon; H. B. Smith, 147 S. Halsted; Frank O'Rourke, 172 S. Green. Thirt.ecnth Precinct.-J. N. Carter, 314 ,v. Adams; W. H. Beidler, 270W. Jackson; James Peevey, northeast cor. Morgan and Jackson: R. J. Bas sett, 133 S. 1\lorg·an; \V. ·w. Miller, 98 Aberdeen. THE NKW ELECTION LAW. 55

TENTH WARD. First Precinct. -J. Livingston, 127 N. Desplaines, R.; J. D. Murphy, 69 W. Kinzie, R.; Joseph Lewis, 151 N. Desplaines, D.; J. McGivern, 154: N. Des plaines, D.; .J. G. Andey, 134 N. Desplaincs, R. Second Precinct. - P. Mortenson, 231 Milwaukee ave., D.; M. Buchbinder, 224 Milwaukee ave., D. ; 0. H. :Moe, 85 W. Indiana, R.; Fred Klauer, 186 Mil waukee ave., D. ; ,v. E. Cullen, 183 N. Halsted, D. 'l'h'i'rd Prec'i1wt. -G. B. Moore, 149 N. Halsted, R.; L. Mess, 146 N. Union, R.; Henry Reader, 76 Austin ave., D.; Martin Canning-, 121 N. Green, D.; F. Oberndorf, 129 N. Halsted, H. Fourth Precinct..- Pntrick Hallinan, 153 N. Peoria, D.; C. Henrichs, 242 Milwankee ave., D.; 0. Johnson, 127 \Y. Indinna, R.; C. Knudson, 136 w·. Indi- ana, H.; J. 1\-fcCarthy, 134: ,Y. Indiana, D. _ Fifth Prcc,:nct. -l\-1. Losby, 209 \V. Indiana. H.; C. 0. Kindley, 221 Indiana, R.; C. S. "Tilson, 16i ,v. Indiana, D.; Ed J. Dwyer, I:36 l\. l\forgun, D.; H. Olson, 18fi N. J\'Iorg·un, R. Si.rth Prcr:inet. - \V. H. Halston, ;-307 ,v. Lake; .Tohn Garrick, 269 Fulton, D.; G. C. Crofoot, 283 \V. Lake, H.; Leon Conroyd, 45 N. Curtis, H.; H. A. l\fienke, 287 Fulton, D. Seventh Preci.11ct. - \Vm. ·wayman, 247 Fnlton, R.; S. Shaw, 278 \V. Lake R.; Chas. King, 281 ,v. Randolph; \Vm. Hunt, 250 Fulton; D.; Jas. Bortle, 58 Sangamon, R. Ei9l1th P1'ec-inct.- Henry Pesch, 192 Cnrroll HY •• D.; F. Gettleson. 209 \Y. Lake, D.; A. B. Servoss, 46 N. Halsted, R.; 0. A. 11erdel, 1!)9 \Y. Handolpl1, R.; T. Kenney, 2'37 \V. Harnlolph, D. Ninth Pre.cinct.-C. A. Perry, 193 \V. Lake, H.; L, Leonhardt, 2'2 N. Union, H.; Theodore Maek, 13 N. Union, D.; E. W. SteYens, 32 Desplaines, T. Sherwood, 193 Lake. Tenth Preci11ct.-.i3. )fcGongh, :2D v.·. Randolph, D.; :\I. Kreitling, 6 N. Canal, D.; T. \V. Eaton, 3:) N. Canal, R.; C. Xagle, 6''3 W. Lake, R.; A. }..,ranks; 85 \V. Randolph, D. ELEv'"ENTII WARD. F·irst Precinct.- l\J. Dougherty, 269 ,v. Indiana; John L. Pentecost, 298 W. Indiana; Owen E. Hog·in, 250 \V. Indiana; T. McDonough, 137 N. Eliza beth: Lawrence Davy, 160 N. Mav. Second Prech1ct.- "\Vm. Fagin, 338 W. Indiana; Thomas Glaven, 382 Austin ave.; Henry Koehler, 331 \V. Indiana; John Navin, 351 Austin rn-e.; J. H. Alexander, 146 N. Elizabeth. Tllir(l Precim:t.-Hedmund ·Flynn,-:411 Austin ave.; Thos Quayle, Jr., 427 W. Indiana; Adam Stark, 465 \V. Indiana; W. Howe, 46-! \V. Indiana; John A. Da,·is, 385 \V. Indiana. Fourth Prec-i11ct.- 'l'heo Schladweiler, 349 Carroll av.; John :Monahan, 74 Elizabeth'. Thomas Shaw, 81 N. Ada; Thomas McBride, 304 Austin av.; David Hinch litre, 84: N. Elizabeth. Fi;fth Prcci11ct.-Nathan Oppenheimer, 44-St. Johns pl.; Samuel J. Dog gett, 4:Z3 Carroll av.; \V. A. Goodman, 460 .Fulton; \V. A. Amberg·, 62 N. Sheldon; K. Stone, 70 N. Ada. , Si.t:th Precinct.- \Vm. Horn, 514 \V. Lake; M. L. Brennan, 441 "\V. Ran dolph; Samuel Kerr, 10 Bryan pl.; \Vm. Booth, 501 Lake; George \V. Camp bell, 9 S Ada. Seventh Prncinct.-John F. Brandon, 360 "\V. Lake; Frank Gandies, 43 N. Ada; Chas \V. Evans. :341 Fulton; Edward T. Noonan, 17 N. Elizabeth: George Kernes, 5n N. Ada. Eial!th P,·ecinct.- ,J.P. Taylor, 11 S. :May; John D. Klugg, 329 ,v. Madi son; Charles T. hurnes, 3:15 \V. Monroe; G. T. Mason, 324 "\Vashington; P. M. Baumgartner, 351 \V. Madison. Ninth Precinct.- Isaac \Vaixel, 384 \Vashington bd.; John :VI. Leet, 368 Washington bd.; .John Fairbanks, lo S Ada; L. P. Halliday, 3 Elizabeth; \V. C. Mitchell, 7 S. Elizabeth. '11e11th P1·eci11ct.-C. Degenhardt, 554 ,v. :Madison; D. M. Kirton, 16 Bishop ct.; A. F. Doremus, 505 "\V. Madison; Joseph Cella, 545 \V. Madison; John V. Hair, 120 Ashland av. Elct.'enth PreC'inct.- Fred K. Bowes, 541 ,v. Adams; F. K. Tracy, 545 ,v . .Jackson; George Sherwood, 513 \V. Adams; \V. R. Champlin, 515 Adams; George A. Marshall, 6a Laflin. 56 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Twelfth Precinct.- B. E. Bremner, 463 W. Monroe; James M. Horton, 459 W. Monroe; Gardiner G. Willard, 107 Throop; Michael D. Flaherty, 89 Loo mis; F. E. Whitman, 436 "'\V. Adams. Thirteenth Prt;ci.nct.-Thomas Lonergan, 89 Center ave.; R. M. Outhet, 399 W. Monroe; B. C. Hayman, 408 ,v. Monroe; Thomas J. Cochrane, 40 Throop; Wm. F. Hair, 407 Center ave. Fourteenth Precinct.-Chas Wortmen, 338 Monroe ; N. M. Eisendrath, 345 Van Buren; L. C. Borland, 365 W. Jackson; D. F. Burke, Adams and Center av.; ·w. H. Fessler, 358 W. Monroe. F·ifteenth Precinct.-A. W. Harlan, 475 W. Congress; John M. Oliver, 508 W. Cong·ress; Wm. D. Kent, 494 "\V. Cong-ress; D. O'Brien, 20 Plum; F. S. Cable, 469 W. Congress. S-i::t:teenth Precinct.-Nicholas Sinnott, 209 Laflin; T. G. Martin, cor. Taylor&:, Laflin; George T. French, ~8 Laflin; H. Ahern, 328 Loomis; S. H. Warner, 582 "\V. Taylor. TWELFTH '\V ARD. First Precinct.-A Farrar, 505 Washington boul.; E. D. Wilder, 35 S. Ash land ave.; H. Burkhardt, 508 "'\Vashington boul.; ,vm. W. ·wens, 89 ·warren ave.; D. B. Hutchinson, 37 S. Ashland aYe. · Second Precinct.- Chas. Heper, fi52 ·washington boul., R.; Michael J. Dunne, 629 W. Monroe; Geo. ~ilver, 641 W. Madison; X. 0. Howe, 667 W. Madison. Third Precinct. D. H. Preston. 598 W .•Jackson; E. W. Leroy, 661 W. Jackson; M. D. Talcott, 243 Ashland ave.; C.H. •rarbell, 246 Ogden ave.; E. P. Moran, 612 W. Jackson. ·1?ourth Precinct.-L. K. Tucker, 688 Vt. Monroe; Robert J. Smith, 688 W. Adams; Geo. P. Holmes, 685 W. Adams; G. vV. Speck, 678 "\V. Adams; Geo. E. Mu1·cy, 681 \V. Van Buren. Fifth Precinct.-M. Baum, 269 S. w·ood; C.H. Horton, 289 S. Paulina: G. W. Rice, 632 Y'l. Van Buren; C. 0. Tower, 582 'vV. Cong-ress; John ,v. Martin, 264 S. \V'ood. Sixth Precinct.-John McLaren, 339 S. Ashland ax.; F. J. Gallagher, 442 S. Wooa; E. P. Cornell, 454: S. Wood; \V. H. McLaug·hlin, 386 Hermitag·e; Lynn Helm, 324 Marshfield ave. Scvc11th Precinct.-A. C. Butzow, 532 Ogden ave.; .John F. Lyon, 98 De Kalb; John H. Syman 20 Birch; F. \V. Grahn, 94: DeKalb; Thos. H. McCar thy, 905 ,v. Twelfth. Eighth Precinct.-F. W. Messenbrink, 459 Ogden ave.; Peter Casey, 7 Lex ington; Bernard J. McNulty, 348 S. Robey; Henry Kuu~", 921 ,v. Polk; Fredericlr Barton, 475 Ogden ave. Ninth Precinct.- "\Y. S. Elliott, Jr., 418 Idaho; E. L. "'\Vright, 444 Idaho: Thomas Haydon, 418 Oakley ave.; A. n. Baldwin, 985 vY. Polk; E. P. Haydon't 418 S. Oakley. Tenth Precinct.-l\L B. Gifford, 299 S. Robey: George Moss, 833 "\V. Con g-ress; ._lohn Hayes, 270 \Vinchester ave.; J. H. Barnett, 261 Hoyne av.; Wm. Norris, 301 "'\Vinchester ave. . Elcccnth Prcci11ct.--M . •T. Fitch, 85 Seeley aYe.; Adam "\Ye:-n·er, 109 Seeley ave.; Chas Chamberlin, 804: Jackson; ·w. H. Rose, 71 Seeley ave.; Arthur Grey; 707 \V. Ytm Buren. 'l'u:clfth Prcc'inct.- E. ~,. Allen, 886 ·w. Adams: \Valter S. Bog·le, 2"28 Irving- pl.; John A ..J. Kendig·, 207 S. Hoyne nve.; James Il. Muir, 8-14 W. Adams: J. B. Edwards, 808 "'\V. Adams. 'l'hirtecnth Prccilll't.--N. H. \Vakefield, 834 "\Y. :Monroe; C. H. Osborn, 839 \V. Adams; Chas l\f. Caswell, 786 \V. Madison; ,v. 0. Ludlow, 144 Hoyne av.; .John P. Heath, 850 \Y. Madison. Fourteenth Prccf11ct .. -,T. B. .McDonald, 738 Monroe; .John \V. Eckart, 719 Adams; \Ym. G. lVIillcr,254 \Yarrenave.; A. Stra~'er, 151 Winchester ave.; Mor ris ,,-olf, 698 \V. Monroe. 1-"iftccuth J>recinct.-W. G. "\Vood, Park ave. and Lincoln; Chester "'\Varner, 635 \Ynsh:ing-ton boul.; D. H. Cameron, 630 \Vashing;ton boul.; E. F. Sabin, 614 Washington boul.; Fred Heitche, 6G9 \Yashing·ton boul. Sixteenth Precinct.-L. A. Hall, 821 \V. Madison; Jacob Birk, 218 Park ave.; IN. Stiles, 263 \Varren ave.; R. M. Staurt, 813 \V. :Madison; H. Lavis, 809 \V. Madison. Seventeenth Precinct. -S. G. Willard, 851 Washington boul.; ·w. G. Mor ris, 835 W.Lake; Columbus A. Orvis, 384 Park ave.; N. R. Kendall, 3 S. Hoyne; E. S. Cummings, 343 Park ave. THE NEW ELECTION L.A. W. 57

Ei(Jhteenth Precinct. -Wm. P. "\\7 ing·, 935 W. Madison; Wm. M. Brewer, 438 Warren ave.; L. H. Buckbee, 776 ·washing·ton boul'; W. B. Smith, Warren ave. and Oakley: J. McAndrews, Jr., 800 ,vashington boul. Nineteenth Precinct. - Oscar Huyck, 1009 W. Lake; George A. Black, 595- Warren ave.; Frank Holland, 1015 W. Madison; C. W. Leavitt, 4!18 Warren ave.; E. Falvey, 928 Washington boul. Twentieth Precinct. - B. Van Buren, 1249 Madison ; James Clinton, 1183 W. Madison; Homer J. Lefebre, 941 Warren ave.; George ,v. Spofford. :Madi son near Garfield Park; Richard R.Walsh, 1157 Madison. Twenty-first Precinct. -James Burns, 1183 W. Van Buren; J. W. Ostran der, 1077 Monroe; W. Strippelman, 1079 W. Monroe; Jabez Burns, 1183 W. Madison; John Sherman, 1090 W. Madison. . · Twentu-Second Precinct. - W. J. Hemstreet, 999 ,v. Adams; D. Kennedy, 1006 W. Monroe; T. H. North, 1001 W. Monroe; N. J. Greg·g, 1018 ,v. Madison; Chas. Chenowith, 981 \V. Adams. · Twenth-third Precinct. - L. D. Hammond. 928 W. Adams; C. H. Crane, 243 Campbell ave.; James O'Day, 102"2 Jackson; S.S. Phelps, 184 S. Western ave.; Sherman P. Cody, 1047 W. Jackson. Twent11-.fourth Prec'inct.-Francis T. Colby, 275 Cmnpbell ave.; Frank I. Darling, llf>9 Lexington; S. Remming-ton, 1172 Lexing·ton; \V. S. Hatfield, 346 Campbell ave.; A. M Danforth, 1024 ·w. Congress. 'Twenty-_1ifth Precinct.-G. A. Coffman, 1180 Harvard; A. \V. Clark, 1156 Harvard; E. Carqueville, 1080 W. Polk; I. D. Clark, 1147 W. Taylor; R. Ma bon, 12th, near California ave. Twenty-sixth Precinct. -D. H. Jones, 1278 Vl. Monroe; John Ryan, 1338 W .•Jackson: M. Kellter, 1407 :Fillmore; Jerome ,vntsie, 1233 ,.filcox ave.; B. F. Remmington, 128-1 \V. Van Buren. THIRTEENTH WARD. First Precinct.-Tbomas Rodgers, 481 Ohio, D.; H. Grusendorf, 495 \V. Chicago ave., R.; 0. Corqueville, 371 \V. Huron, U.; J. J. \Vheeler, 437 \V. Erie, D.; Frank Sitts, 444 \V. Erie, R. Second Precinct. -A. Shnake, G2i ,v. Chicag·o ave., D.; Christ McGrath. 467 Huron, D.; C. \V. Blateherwick, 529 ,v. Erie, H..: P. 0. Donnell, 467 Hu ron, D.; \V. R. Heron, 592 Vi!. Erie, R. Tln'.rd Preciu.ct. - Miles Kennedy, 670 ,v. Erie, R.; C. McGuir, 259 N. \Yest ern ave., R.; John Howard, 208 N. Hobey, D.; 'Th. D. Brosman, 867 Superior, D.; ,vm. Bird, 240-N. ,vestcrn ave., R. Fourth Prcc1.nct.- P. I!. Sheil, 54G Indiana, D.; 'J'hornas H. Higgins, 18 Os born, D.; Ct1pt. D. D. Tompkins, 3:'5 Broom, H.; Thomas Quirk, 565 Indiana~ D.; Geo. Sampson, 495 Austin ave., H. · Fifth Precinct.- M. Finnegnn, 056 \V. Indiana, lL: H. B. l\furdock, 611 In diana, R.; .T. H. Buchan, (i:!'i' JmU:..ma, D.; Henry Collins, 580 Ohio, D.; Philip S. Runyon, 609 l ndiunu, H. Sixth PrC<'i11ct.- L. Hazzard. 101 Emerson ave., D.; John Holland, 699 ,v. Indiana, D.; Wm. Tomlinson, 7lfi ,v. lndinna, R.; John Phelan, 69~ ,v. Indi ana, D.; ,James F. Bissell, 715 ,v. Indiana, H. sn,c11tl1 Preci11<.:t. -Thomas l\'hmnix, 116 Diller, R.; Reuben Slayton, 808 Austin an~., R.; David Illacklrnrn, Sli Austin ave., D.; P. J. O'Shea, 809 \V. Indiana, D.; F. E. J[iller, 175 N. ,vestern nYe., R. }Ji(J!,tl1 Prcci11ct. - l\L Lynch, 532 .Austin ave., D.; Rudolph Pape, 590 Aus tin ave., D.; n. G. Gill. G12 .Austin ave., R.; A. :McKirdy, 112 N. Roby; ·w. ,v. Gleason, 54u Austin in-e., R. Ni11th Prcci11(·t.-Wm. Reinhardt, 6i3Carrollave.,D.; Capt. \V. H. Dobson~ 658 Fulton., R.; Natban Smith, 680 Fulton, H.; J.B. Fitch, 566 Carroll ave., D.; Thomas B. l\loore, liH:Z Carrol a ,·e., R. Te11th Prcti11ct. -John Crowe, 600 "'\Y. Lake, D.; "'\V". H. Gallag·her, 624 ,v. Lake, D.; .lamc>s Frake, 631 Fulton, R.; John Harkins, 59 ,valnut, D.; Chas. A. Stone, 130 w·alnut, R. Eleventh Precinct. - Alex. D. Kennedy, 684 Fulton, D.; S. F. Greely, 46 Hoyne a,·e., R.; R. A. Brown, 798 ,v. Lake, R.; Jno. Boyce, 750 ,v. Lake, D.; L. Btedman, '758 ,v. Lake. R. Twelfth Precinct. - Ed Carey, 87 N. Oakley ave., D.; Martin Knowles, 93 N. Oakley ave., D.; Alpha Rockwc~l, 81 N. Leavitt, H'; Fred Armstrong, 95 N. Oakley ave., D.; J.?. W. Coffin, 81 N. Leavitt, R. Thirteenth Precinct. - Jos. C. Halut, 361 ,valnut; James N. Clark, 895 Fulton, R.; Wm. G. Reid, so,· Fulton, R.; P. C. Desmond, 906 W. Lake, D.; John M. Oakes, 896 ,v. Lakei R. -58 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

Fourteenth Precinct. - \V. H. Sullivan, 1088 vV. Lake, D.; John B. Rice, 80 Artesian ave., D.; S. \V. Booth, 38 Seymour, R.; Jno. Martin, 37 Western ave.; Jas. A. Sacltley, 1020 "\Y. Lake, R. Fifteenth Precinct-John Collins, 13:U \V. Lake, D.; J.E. Davies, 1330 W. Lake, H.; John J. Douglas, 786 \Valnut, R.; E. F. Runyan, Jr., 806 \Val"'. nut, D.; J.C. Satterley, 1345 Fulton, R. Si.:l:tcenth Precinct. -T. J. Devins, 159 N. Hamlin ave., D.; J. Jackson, 124: Crawford Ave., D.; C. B. Beach, 145 Avers ave., R.; Henry Mather, C. & N. \V. shops, D.; C. D. Knies, 42 Avers ave., R. FOURTEENTH WARD. Ffrst Precinct. -Fred Marks, 246 Curtis, D.; Fritz Franzen, 296 Milwau kee ave., R.; J. Pederson, cor. Ohio and Morg·an, R.; J. H. Corrigan, 204 Sangamon, D.; Martins Seeha us, 193 \V-. Erie, R. Second Precinct. -Aug. Moe,291 \Y. Eric, D.; M. Tearney, 175 W. Hu ron, D.; Louis R. Johnson, 206 N. :May, R.: .John Haffey, 44 Bismarck court, D.; JamPs .T. Johnson, 206 N. l\fay, R. Third PrP-cinct. -Geo. Peterson, 9 Temple, D.; Chas. Ruehl, 265 W. Chi ~ago ave., H.; Carl Holm, 261 \V. Chicago ave., R.;_Richard Cullom, 25 Keith, D.; C.H. Duensing-, 35~ Noble, R. Fourth Prc ave., H.; H. Ehlers, 570 '\V. Chicag·o ave., D.; W. Adloff, ~Tr., 3Hl N. Lineoln, U. Twelfth Precinct.-C. F. Liehtner. U07 W. Division, D.; J. Barzynski, 309 \V. Division, D.; Theo. Slmltze, 30G A egustu, R.; Joseph Faust, 307 \V. Divi- sion, D.; Aug·ust Gersh, 493 N \Vood, R. · T11irtee11th Precinct.-T. Richards, €191 Gross Park ave., D.; .J. \V Grosey, 559 N. Western ave., R.; Chas, .M. Olk, 406 Thomas, H.; H. A. Herhold, 502 Seymour, D.; J. Spanier, 520 N. '\Vestern an~ .. H. lTourtecnth Preci'.nct.-P. J. Thurmnn, 704:North ave., D.; Geo. Minett, 819 Dania ave., D.; P. Laggoni, 600 \Y. North an.· .. B..; John Breaton, 804: W. North a,·e., D.; '\Vrn. Jacobs. 760 Seymour ave., R. Fifteenth Precinct.-Alfa Harley, l~li Park, D.: Martin Gunderson, 98 Park, R.; John M. Buehler,. 78 1-'ark, R.; Louis Pio, 599 N. Robey, D.; H. Wollin, 1160 l\filwaukee ave., H. Sixteenth Precfnct.-'l'hos. Fleming·, 51 :Marion pl., D.; P. Jackson, 93 Ever green, D.; H. Michaelson, 62 Fov,ler, R.; ""Tm. Boethiger, 559 N. Lincoln, D.; J. Stanipen, 1020 Milwaukee ave., R. Seventeenth Prccinct.-John Reichman, 1067 Milwaukee ave., D.; J. l\L Kranse, 989 Milwaukee ave., R.; Henry Hoeppe, 730 N. \Vood, R.; W. Mc Carthy. 68 Indiana, D.; C.H. Kirshner, 777 N. \Vood, H. E1u1lteenth Prec'inct.-G. King·, m,3 Milwaukee aYe., D.; .J. l\fanz, 58 Bow ars, D.; O. Schoenewald, 909 Milwaukee ave., R.; A. Herm, 1 Elk, D.; Louis Miller, 615 N. Ashland aYe., R. . 2Yi11eteenth PreC'inct.-T. Corcoran, 29 Commercial, D.; G. Hopkins, 326 Wabansia ave., R.; Thos. Greg·g, 163 Edgar; John Beaty, Jr. 796 N. Paulina, D.; Henry Marbach, i9li N. Hobey, R. THE NE"W ELECTION LAW. 59

Twentieth Pree-inct.-J. B11rke, 124-7 Milwaukee ave., D.; P. J. Reid, North ave. and Davis, D.; Henry Versema, 843 N. Robey, R.; John O'Day, 114 Pe terson, D.; J. Freeman, 10 Raymond court, R. Twenty-first Precinct.-Aug-. Naarich, 1477 Milwaukee ave., D.; J. M. Poshley, corner Leavitt and Greenwich, R.; L. J. Bull, corner Leavitt and Courtland, R.; Thos. Duffy, 982 N. Leavitt, D.; ·wm Becket, 2 Courtland, R. Twentu-sccrnul Precinct.-vV. H. Donovan, Jr., 309 Clybourn, D.; ,vm. Timms, 275 Girard, D.; .Toseph Roetter, 74:i Elston 1:tve., R.; John O'Hara, 795 Elston ave, D., Wm. "\Verncke, 204- Armitag·e ave., H.. Twenty-tMrd Prccinct.-.John J. Barrett, 546 Elston ave., D.; John E. Lindt, 642 Elston ave., R.; John 1.lcNmnara, 853 Dickson, IL; John Hallman, 59 I\IcHenry D.; Jos. :McLaughlin, 571 Elston ave., R .. Twenty-Jo'l.irth1 Precinct.-Joseph Sehroedor, N. E. corner Blanche and. Elston ave., D.; Peter Luka, corner Elston ave. and Fox pl., D.; H. See kamp, 461 Elston ave., R.; C. Dombrowski, 709 Noble, D.; Michael O'Dea, 799 Noble, R. T1centy-Jifth Preci.nct.-Aug-ust Kowalski, 606 Noble, D.; Oscar Meister, 84.5 }Iilwaukee, R.; Emil ·wnken, 849 Milwaukee, R.; John Norton, 202 Holt ave., D.; H. Blockenbrink, 520 Dickson, R. T'wenty-~i.rth Prccinct.-.Anton Sherman, 633 Noble, D.; Joseph Niemcye woski, 607 Noble, D.; John Sherman, 52 Bradley, R.; Victor Bardouski, 615 Noble, D.; Adolph Raul, 46 Augustft, H. 1-'1,:cHty-scvcnth P1·ccinet.-Henry Linnemeyer, 499 Noble, D.: Steve Klein, 749 2\lilwaukee, H.; Henry ,veineckc, ';'B \V. Division, R.; Anthony Mallek, 536 Noble, D.: T. Grossman, 27 Crittenden, R. • Twenty-eiullth Prccinct.-.Joseph Keady, :Milwaukee and Elston, D.; Gus. Gebhardt, 136 Front, D.; Joseph Kowalski, 43 Will, R.; Chas. Stranteur, 104 George, R.; T. F. Monahan, zn Elston i-n-e., D. Twentu-ninih Prcc'iru.·t. -J. Domln·o\,·sky, 318 Sangamon, D.; :Michael Osuch, 340 N. Carpenter, H.; J. Klossowski, 840 ~. Carpenter, H.: H. Polinsky, 200 ,v. Chicago ave., D.; .Jacob H. Marks, :J2;j N. Ilfay, U. ThirtiethPrcci11ct.-H. Siµ·mnnd, 447 Milwaukee, D.: U. Grunow, 319 Mil waukee, D.; Chas. Seeg·m·, 371 ?i1ilmrnkec, l{.; Chas. Cobelli, 165 "\V. Chicago, D.; S. P. Householder, 3;i5 :Uilwaukee, H. Thirtu-Fh·.st Prcci11ct.-Z. Alstrup, 81 and S3 \V. Ohio, D.: John Proctor, 77 \V. Ohio, R.; Geo. Peterson, 2:28 N. Halsted, R.; H. A. Lee, 276 N. Halsted, D.; Otto Hansen, 77 \V. Ohio. R.

FIFTEENTH WARD. First Prcc'i.nct.-Elias Shipman, 492 ·webster ave., R.: C. G. Strongberg-, 494 \Vebster ave., R.; J. D. C. ·whi.tney, 453 Belden ave., D.; C. F. Loesch, 488 ,vebster ave., R.; S. L. \Villiams, 778 Larrabee, D. Scc1111cl Prednct.-James D. Tyler, 4:09 Belden ave., R.; P. Schuster, 1023 N. Halsted. D.; Wm. Kaufman, 293 Lincoln ave., D.; P. R. Downey, ,S;i Larrabee, D.; F. Y. Gookin, 408 Orchard, H. 'l'hinl Preci11ct.-Edward \Vorf, 102 Ward, U.; Brice A. Miller, 194 Racine ave., H..; ~f. J. Sulli\"an, 210 Racine ave., D.; l\L Lemge, 201 Fullerton an~., D.; R F. Baker, 233 \Vebster, H.. F'om"th Prccim't:.-Otto I-Iag·e, 485 Southport ave., R.; H. H. Levis, 87 Hig-11, D.; Ed. Dailey, 743 Clybonrn ave., D.; Wm. Biechler, 729 Clybourn a\·e., R.; Geo. O'Brien, S:21 Ci_rbourn ave., D. Li'ifth Preciuct.-N. \Vheeler, 956 N. Clark, H.: Thomas Powell, 691 Sedg wick, H.; J. J. Kissinger, 2'2 Lane pl., D.; F. D. Cook, 535 Garfield ave., R.: C. W .•reanneret, 5:35 \Yebster ave .. D. Sixth J-'reci11ct.-n. \V. \Yells, 121 Lincoln a\·e., R.; \Y. Clettenberg, 4-r,S Garfield ave., D.; L. L. Moody, 45!) Garfield ave., D.; Henry Eck, 217 Lincoln ave., H.: Thomas McCabe, 177 Lincoln a,·e., D. 8crcnt/1. P1"cei11c-l.-August Reebie, 72!) Larrabee, R.: \V. :M, Parror, 294 Orchard, It.: 11'. L. Chase, 181 Howe, D.; Ernst Doese, 733 Larrabee, R.; C. Worrell, 421 Garfield ave., D. EiullU1 Pn:.cinct.-Jolm De·wald, 234 Fremont, R.; "\Y ..J. Fairman, 146 Cen ter, D.; Carl Camentz, 180 Center, D.; Robert D. Stave, 188 Fremont, H.; Joseph H. Garcia, 210 Center, D. Ninth Precinct.-Geo. Rember, 91 Lewis, R.; 0. ,vermich, 130 Lewis, R.; Tim Callahan, 50 Herndon, D.; Ed. Nockin, 101 Webster ave., H.; P. IL Healy, 621 Clybourn ave., D. '1.'cnth Precinct.-James E. Dunn, 20 Lincoln ave., R.; Chas. Mecheke, 712 60 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Wells, D.; Herman Kollmorgen, 31 Lincoln ave., D.; Herman Helde, 735 Wells, R.; Emil Dietzsch, Jr., 732 We~, D. Eleventh Prec-inct.-C. ,v. Andrews, 688 N. Park aYe., R.; Julius F. Ar brand, 58 Lincoln aye,, R.; M. D. Rider, 702 N. Park ave., D.; Charles Roell, Lincoln ave. and Sedg·wick, R.; ,vm. Foster. 567 Sedg·wick, D. Twelfth Precinet.-Carl G. Ortmayer, 371 Center, R.; John Sohirra, 602 Sedgwick, D.; J. Dibos, 362 Hudson, D.; Geo. P. Fernald, 383 Center, R.; M. Nicholson, 290 Hurlbut, D. · Thi; teenth Precinct.-Henry Eggold, 576 Larrabee, R.; C. W. H. Frederick, 417 Hurlbut, R.; Peter ,vagner, 280 Mohawk, D.; Michael Richter, 572 Lar rabee, R.; John Kelley, 318 Mohawk. D. Fourteenth Precinct.-A. Topf, 287 Center, D.; John Reiff, 575 Larrabee, D.; John Albrecht, 3.5 Howe, R.; Chas. ,viher, 571 Larrabee, D.; John Rob ·ran, 20 ,vmow, R. F·ifteenth Prec·inct.-'Nicols w·etzel, 120 Burling·, R.; Ferdinard Walter, 868 Halsted, R.; Louis Hammerstroem, 760 N. Halsted, D.; Urbem Hoch, cor ner Orchard and Center, H.; M. Kaufman, 861 N. Halsted, D. Si:.rteenth Pref'i11ct.-J. ,volf, 193 Center, R.; Fred Happel, 179 Bissell, D.; ,vm. Schloeder, 209 Dayton, D.: ,v.. T. Reid, 203 Bissell, D.; John Schloeder, 209 Dayton. D. · Seventeenth Preci.nct.-Gustave L. Hallberg-, 666 La Salle, R.; Robert Lindblum, 678 La Salle, R.; M. Franzen, 355 N. ave., D.; A. B. Holsten, 678 La Salle, D.; Edw. Roelle, 473 Sedg·wick, H. Eighteenth Prec·inct.-E. \Valtzenback, 520 Sedgwick, R.; Fred Licht, 67 Eugenie, D.; Phil. Mauimoser, 67 Eug·enie, D.; Otto Hichards, 252 Hudson ave., R.; Joseph I. Hnas, 189 Hudson ave., D. Nineteenth Prec·inct.-F. Kesseli, 524 Larrabee, R.; John Schwartz, 442 Larrabee, R.; Bruno Scherr. 48G Larrabee, D.; Charles Foltz, 267 North ave.; Mat. Breigenser, 210 Mohawk, D. Twr.ntieth Precinct.-Henry P. Erber,.717 N. Halsted, R.; August Holfcr, 227 North ave., D.; Jacob \V. ,vnliams, l'i'B North ave., D.; Earl D. Potter, 7'43 N. Halsted, R.; Louis Zuber, 755 N. Halsted, D. Twenty-_tirst Precinct.-Chas. Hansmer, 409 Clybourn av., R.; ·w·. H. Thieleman, 350 Clybourn, R.; ,vm. Kurz, 724 N. Halsted, D.; Henry A. Ruf, 321 Clybourn, R.; Sieg-mond Stern, 152 Dayton, D. Tieentu-second Precinct.-.John Hapmnn, 413 Cl;rbourn ave., R.; Hugh C. l\fcCoy, 132½ Kroger, D.; Thomas Heidy, 1:~a Kroger, D.; Geo. Fakning·, 444 Clybourn ave., R.; John Quinn, 132 Kroger, D.

SIX'rEENTII WARD. First Preci1tct.-Philip Henne, 589 Lasalle rn-e., D,; Wm. Ste,Yart, 623 Dearborn ave.; H..; Clrns. Sheer, 057 LnSalle ave., R.; E. F. Roesch, 1G Grant, D.; Arthur Hugunin, 531 LaSalle ave., lL Secmul Precinct.-J. R \Ynrren, 5i'5 Division, D.; F. S, Peabody, Dear born, D.: G. Gothmanshouser, -198 N. Clark, R.; Peter w·alterer,520 N. Clark, R.; Bernard Liebling-, 448 l\. Clm·k, D. Third Precinct.- Vtm. S. :Morse, 472 LaSalle ave. D.; Fred Gund, 521 N. Clark, IL; Adolph Muller, 549 N. Clark, H.; Jas. I>. Donnelly, 451 LaSalle ave., D.; .Joseph C. 1~011ock, 50i'> Clark, H. · JTmirth Prccind.- Vitm. Drolg·c, 35 Beethoven, D.; James Clifford, 24: Goethe, D.; C. G. Grube, 7B Beethoycn, R.; Abraham Stern, 3ti5 DiYision, D.; Otto \V cllmann, 39 Beetho,·en, H. Fifth Precinct.- John H. Stack, 87 Sig-el, D.; Louis ,v. II. Nccbe, 106 Sig·cl, H.; R. \V. Cross, 827 S.edg-wiek, H.; J. H. Henness.r, 34:'i' Sedgwick, D.; James A. Cross, B:~, Sedµ:wick, H. Sixth Prec·inct.-F. Schallenbcrg·er, 570 ,vells, D.; A. Harrer, 68 ,neland, D.; Fred Meyer, 104: \Vielund, H.; Gcorg·e Kruder, 426 North ave., D.; Henry Morlan'!, 5fJ3 ,vens. · Sct•cnth Prccinct.-I-I. Schorner, 548 N. l\farket, D.; John G. :\[eyers, 105 Schiller, R.; M. Umdenstock, f>!50 N. Market, R.; J.M. Dollard, 560 N. 1;runk lin, D.; C. Stemming, 494: N. :Franklin, H. Eighth Precinct.--C. G. Ratting-er, 173 Hurlbut, D.; Mathias Brun1l, 171 Hurlbut, D.; H. H. Iliederstadt, 107 Mohawk, H.; Peter Adams, 330 North a,·e., D.; R. Biejerstadt, 107 Mohawk, R. N"i11tl1 PreC'iuct.-· .John Alsfasser, 48 Hurlbut, D.; G. Schlotthauer, 328 Sedgwick, H.; F. Holle, 36 Sigel, R.; J. Schumacher, 384 Sedgwick, D.; John Gerluek, 330 Sedgwick, R. THE NEW ELECTION LAW. 61

Tenth Precinct.- Martin Huels, 354 Larrabee, D.; Anton Graf, 98 Cly bourn ave., D., I?. Nieberg·all, 346 Larrabee, IL; John Docton, 89 Mohawk, D.; E. E. Meyer, 332 Larrabee, H. Eleventh Precinct.-Henr.r Merz, 229½ Dhision, D.; F. Krassman, 10 Twomey, R.; Chas. Richter, 39 Clybourn ave., H..; T. Rogerson, 16 Twomey, D.; R. Dettman, 59 Clybourn ave., IL Twelfth Precinct.-Mts, 541 Halsted, D.; N. Pit. Martin Becker, 19 Pleas ant, D.; .John Rasmussen, 17 Vine, H..; \V. A. Considine, 41 Gardner, D.; Otto Honest, 47 Gardner. Thirteenth Prccinct.-Frederick Rehnberg, 45 Rees, D.; F. E. Gerbing, 61 Rees, R.; Henry Berger, 21 Rees, · R.; :Michael Rold, 53 Rees, D.; Ernst Menscling, 36 Rees, U. . Fourteenth Prccinct.-G. Veidhart, 405 Larrabee, D.; John Neuses, 268 Blackhawk, D.; Charles Sanfer, 250 North aYe., R.: R. Goldsmidt, 365 Larra bee, D.; Henry Kiengle, 293 Larrabee, R. Fifteenth Preci,nct.- Peter Ketter, 18 Orchard, D.; Oscar Kohler, 192 North ave., R.; Fred. Freund, 150 E. North ave., R.; William Phillips, 41 Or chard, D.: James Freund, 150 North ave., R. SEVENTEENTH WARD. F'ir:si Preclnct.-A Schiffenedor, 330 N. Market, D.; Geo. L. Ward, 238 Elm, R.; Ernst StocK, 193 Scdg·wick, R.; E. Gary, Franklin and 'Wender, D.; Oscar Johnson, 239 Sedinvicl~. H.. Seconcl Prcci1tct.- Wm. Clnrk, 261 N. Market, D.; Peter Mahoney, 267 N. Market, D.; John Eng·berv, 14;3 Sedgwick, H.; ,vm. Cullerton, 2'i'8 N. Market, D.; H. Sennestedt, H3 Sedg·wick, R. 1.'h'i-rd Preci11ct.- Henry O'Brien, 134: Chestnut, D.; C. F. Korsell, 111 Chi cago ave., R.; Alex. Boome, 159 Chicago ave., R.; C. Dwyer, 231 N. Market; J. Hough, 135 Chicug·o ave., H. Fourth Prcci11ct.-John J. Nolon, 140 Chicago ave., D.; John Hereley, 152 Chicag·o ave., D.: L. H. Ellickson, 131 E. Erie, R.; A. R. Honey, 102 E. Huron, D.; W. Ullrick, 122 Superior. Fifth Pretinct.-John Osborn, 78 Ohio, D.; Aug·. Lund, 105 E. Indiana, R.; G. \V. Ream, 88 N. Franklin, R.; John Gibbins, b5 Ontario, D.; J. Schmel zer, 95 N. Market, R. Si.rth Preci11ct.-Peter Hoban, 55½ N. Market, D.; Thomas Scanlon, 66 Illinois, D.; F. F. Baker, 56 E. Kinzie, R.; Andrew Miller, 87 Kinzie, D.; Rich ard H uggarcl, 18 N. Market, R. Seventh Precinct.-Patrick O'Malley, 86 E. Superior, D.; John Larson, 58 Chicago ave., R.; John Melin, 60 Chicago ave., H.; Eugene O'Doyle, 82 E. Huron, D.; Georg·e Larson, 18 E. Huron, R. Eiy11th Precinct.-C. Cremarius, 65 E. Chicago ave., D.; John Dowilla, 49 Milton a,·e., D.; A.H. Robinson, 91 Townsend, R.; EmilMeyer, 13 E. Chicago ave., D.; A. Lindberg, 92 Sedg·wick, R. Ninth Prccinct.-P. F. Bresland, 210 Sedgwick, D.; G. Nelson, 233 Town send, R.; H. Peterson, 206 Townsend, R.; P. J. Gavin, 240 Townsend, D.; S. E. Edman, 225 Townsend, R. 1'enth Precinct.-M. Sweeney, 82 Milton ave., D.; B. Sullivan, 61 ,vesson, D.; Charles Johnson, 148 Townsend, R.; Frank Gilmore, 107 Milton an!., D.; Sam Peterson, 12 Milton ave., R · Eleventh Precinct.-John Hertges, 135 Larrabee, D.; Frank Scheffele, 98 Larrabee, R.; JohnLichtenthal, 96 Larrabee, R.; N. Pauly, 124 Larrabee, D.; Albert ,vatzel, 22 \Vesson, R. 1'welfth Prccinct.-Thomas Lynch, 16 Chatham, D.; C. Willens, Jr.• 171 Larrabee, D.; Adam,.Haerle, 184 \Vesson, R.; William Bode, 200 Division, D.; )Vm. Muller, 218 E. Division, R. Thirteenth Precinct.- Da,·id Condon, 89 Hickory, D.; K. Eimstadt, 64 E. Division, R.; Max Dithbumer, 1>:3 Cherry ave., R.; James· Rowan, 3.'32 North Branch, D.; 0. F. Johnson, 51 Cherry, R. EIGHTEENTH WAUD. First Precinct.- H. T. Thompson, 35 Bellen1e pl., R.; S. S. Greeley, 60 Bellevue pl., R.; A. F. Bullen, 566 DiYision, D.; E. F. Lawrence, 64 Bellevue ave., D.; Chas. H. Gard, 318 N. State, U. Se<'nnd Precinct.- L. ,v. Veesenmeyer, 388 \Vells, D.; John H. Pren tiss, 383 La Salle ave., D.; Geo. H. Dauchy, 3.59 LaSalle a,·e., R.; P. Blatch ford, 375 La Salle ave., R.; Christ Jenssen. 45.3 N. Clark, D. TMrd P1·ccinct.-H. Bausher, Jr., a84 La Salle av., R.; Sabin Smith, 390 62 1.'HE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

LaSaUeave., H..; l\lichaelSullivan, 237Oak, D.; CharlesEndres,362Well~ D.; Wm. lh11ler, 2"25 Oak, R. . Fourth Preci11ct.-F. ,v. Lang, 24:l ,vells, D.~ Nicholas Birren, lil Chi cagoave., D.; Edw. F. Crag·in, 139Locust, R.; ,v. Elmendorf, 322LaSalle ave., R.; ,vm. Knecken, 289 N. ]franklin, D. Fifth Prec'inct.-Albert L. Coe, 305 LaSalle nve., R.; Samuel Barrett. 323 La Saile ave., R.; D. lVL Manchester, 244: Chestnut, D.; John Mooney, 267 N. Clark, D.; Alex. Johnston, 268 La Salle a,·e., H. Sixth Precinct.-Capt . .J.C. Sullinm, 349 Chestnut, D.; C. N. Fitzhug·h, 25iDearborn, D.; :M. C. Lightner, Union Club, Dearborn ave., R.; F. H. Watriss, 242 Dearborn ave., R.; Charles Welter, 264 N. Clark, D. Seventh Precinct.-J. 13. Lake, 218 Cass, H.: Jacob Blatteau, 291 N. State, R.; David Burger, 212 Rush, D.; P. D. Conrad, 296 Rush, D.; J. H. Huber, 371 Chestnut, R. · Eig1!th Precinct.-Conrad Auw, 281 Rush, D.; M. Hartnett, 421 Chestnut, D.; Charles Harpel, 300 Oak, R.; Frank C. Farwell, 109 Pierson, R.; Adam Reipling·er, 281 Rush, D. Ninth Prec'inct.-Fred Heinze, 200 ,vells, R.; Herman Niether, 193 Wells, R.; Nicholas Kuhnen, 211 N. Clark, D.; John J. Swenie, 151 Huron, D.; R. B. Cadish, 181 E. Superior, R. · Tenth Preci.nct.-,v. M. Howland, 181 Dearborn ave .• R.; James H. Shields, 303 E. Huron, D.; Philip Conley, 266 Superior, D.; John J. Peters, 195 Dearborn, D.; Adam Best, 205 Dearborn ave., H.. Eleventh Precinct.- \Villiam Ewers, 161 \Vells, R. ; Bernhardt Moss, 182 Huron, R.; James Conlan, 18-l E. Huron, D.; .J.C. :i.\'Iurphy, 160 La Salle ave., D.: G. Rathsfield, 183 E. Ontario, R. Twelfth Precinct.-Thos. D .•Tones, 291 E. Ontario, D.; Fred. ,v. Bleike, 802 E. Erie, D.: ,vm .•T. Howland. 301 E. Erie, IL; S. Hutchinson, 299 Erie, R.; Chas. F. Kimball, 297 E. Ontario, D. Tllirtcenth Prcci11ct.-Albert l\L Day, 386 E. Erie, R.; F. C. Brown, 393 E. Superior, R.; S. H. Kerfoot, Jr., 77 Pine, D.; James Quan, 384: E. Erie, D.; Henry I. Cobb, 1132 R1,1sh, ll. Fourteenth Precinct.-,vm. Byrne, 142 E. Ontario, D.; George Frrmk, 131 N. Clark, D. ; D. ,v. w·nson, :205 E. Ohio, R.; Theodore Hoos, 117 ,vells, n.; William Rodgers, 113 E. Ohio, D. Fifteenth Preci11ct.-Louis Kretlow, 177 E. Indiana, R.; J. W. Kroger, 97 N. \Yells, R.; J'. C. Crow, 175 Indiana, D.; Harry English, 96 Dearborn ave., D.; E. J. Burkert, 186 E. Ohio, H. Sixteenth Prccinct.-Henry Leeb, 284 E. Ohio, D.; Julius Ludwig-, 245 Indiana, D.; F. Etheridg·e, S. \V. cor. Ontario and State, R.; S. M. Staples, 243 E. Ohio, R.; Louis H. Cohn, 245 Indiana, D. , Seventeenth Prec0inct.-Chas. L. Kirk, 333 E. Ohio, R.; Abbott L. Adams, 350 E. Ontario, R.; M.A. Devine, 361 Ohio, D.; George D. McLaughlin, 97 .Rush, D.; E. K. Rodgers, Jr., 372 Ontario, R. E·iallteenth Prec·inct.-Frencis Hettinger. 147 Illinois, D.; Henry O. Laug·hlin, 124 E. Indiana, D.; Rufus Chapin, 78 Dearborn ave., R.; Geo. C. ,v eckerle, 86 N. Wells; John E. Harris, 94 \Vells, D. . Nineteenth Precinct.-Fred. S. Comstock, 48 Hush, IL; Louis C. Huck, 292 E. Indiana, R.; Thomas Mackin, 2'76 E. Indiana, D.; Henry A. Arnd, 61:i N. State, D.; L. F. Stewart, 54 Rush, R. · Ttvc1tticth Precinct.-Fre

FIRST WARD. Secon

SECOND WARD. First Precinct.-Charles A. \Vathies~ 363 Fifth ave., vice A. Heller (relieved), R., judg·e. Third Precinct.-Max L. Nedell, 377 ,vabash ave., vice M. L. Crawford (relieved), D., judge. Sixth Precmct.-J. G. Kearney, 466 State, vice J. E. Jones (relieved)~ R., judge. C. S. Moyinhan, 436 State, vice W. P. Murphy (relieved), D., clerk. H.P. Symms, 211 Third ave., vice George Grimes (relieved), R., clerk. Seventh Precinct.-Samuel C. Cooley, 542 State, vice John ·ward (re lieved), D .. clerk. Ninth Precinct.-Peter Spooner, 1448 State, vice Thomas Waters (re lieved), D., cierK. Tenth Precinct.-H. P. Caldweil, 3 Lake Park pl., vice ,v. G. Bailey (relieved), R., clerk. Eleventh Precinct.- Patrick Sanders, 1312 ,-vabash ave., vice B. F. Bruce, Jr. (relieved), D., judge. . Twelfth Precinct.-,Villiam Croak, 1538 Indiana ave., vice H. A. ·wnaer (relieved), D., clerk. Thirteenth P1~ecinct.- ,v R. Hubbs, 1521 ,vabash aye., vice J.M. Gil lispie (relieved), R., judge. J. J. Hennebery, 1515 States, vice J. J. Ryan (relieved), D ., clerk. . THIRD WARD. First Precinct.- W. C. Grant, 1610 Indiana ave., R., judg·e, vice J. H. Fay, 1633 ,vabash ave. (removed from precinct). ~Tames Arrall, 1608 Indi ana ave., D. clerk, vice Joseph Connolly (removed from precinct). Second Precinct. - James Hickey, 1715 Dearborn. D., judge, vice · Moses G. Flood (removed from precinct). Joseph Seitz, 164 E. Eighteenth, D.,. judge, vice Frank Brust (removed from precinct). Sixth Precinct.-John B. May<), 2312 Calumet ave., R., judge, vice A. W. Crouch (removed from precinct). Charles A. Neal, 2256 Cottage Grove a,·e., R., clerk, vice Thomas Crouch (removed from precinct). Eighth Precinct. -Samuel R. ,volfe, 119 E. Twenty-first, D., judge, vice J. D. O'Neil (removed from precinct). Eleventh Precinct.- Kaufman Hexter, 2513 "\Vabash ave., D., clerk, vice R. L. Bentley (removed from precinct).

FOURTII WARD. Fifth Precinct.-Charles H. Baker, 3008 Lake Park ave., R., judge, vice· Eli Smith (remoYed from precinct). Sixth Precinct.-Charles Hutchinson, 3011 Prairie ave., D., judge, vice Edmund Olmstead (removed from precinct). Eighth Precinct.-John Geary, 362 Thirtieth, D., judge, vice August C. )liller (remO\·ed from precinct). Ninth Precinct.- Parley B. Foskett, 3112 Butterfield, R .• judge, vice ,vm. H. Elliott (removed from precinct). George F. Farrar, 3130 Dearborn,. R., clerk, vice Charles J. ,vhitfield (Government employe). Tenth Preeinet-.- EtL .:1. Cudfthy·,. 3244 Indiana a,e., D., judge, vice 64 'l'HE POLITICAL HISTORY OF. CHICAGO.

William H. Condon (rcmon~cl from precinct). Michael W. ·wolf, 3156 Wa bash ave., R .• clerk, vice \'V. P. Anderson (removed from precinct). Twelfth Precinct.- l\fatson Hill, 322a Groveland ave., R., judge, vice George H. Sidwell (removed from precinct). Thirteenth Precinct.- Richard H. Smart, 166 Thirty-fourth, R., clerk, vice J. N. Buchannan (removed from precincti. Fifteenth Precinct.-Edward Hennessy, 3301 State, D., clerk, vice Hugh P. Moran (excused}. Sixteenth J>rednct.-Ji'ra.nk E. Sih·er, 3530 State, R., clerk, vice Gilbert E. Porter (removed from precinct). SeYenteenth Precinet.-,Toseph Marks, 3742 State, D., clerk, vice James D. Johnson (excused), ·wrniam H. Fairbanu:, 3718 State, R., clerk, vice Charles A. Shirley (removed from precinct). · Twentieth Precinct.-J. \V. Helm, 3633 Ellis Park ave., D., judge, vice John \V. Horton (removed from precinct). Twenty-first Precinct.-Peter H. \Vitt, 3806 Vincennes ave., R., judg·e, vice Charles G. French (removed from precinct.) FIFTH WARD. Second Precinct. - William ,veiss, 464: Twenty-second, vice Peter J. Lass (relieved), R., clerk. Eighth Precinct.- ,vnliam Spate, 264:2 ·went.worth ave., vice R. F. Brink (relieved), R., judg-e. Ninth Precinct.-James Linnett, 2831 Shields ave., vice John N. Dubach {relieved), D. judg·e. Tenth Precinct.-George M. Eichen, 2922 ,ventworth ave., vice John A. Ryan (relieved). D., clerk. Eleventh Precinct.-Edward l\fcTiernan, Jr., 3246 ,ventworth ave., vice John H. Darrow· (relieved). D., clerk. Sixteenth Preciuct.-Charles Utesch, 3128 Hanover, vice ,John O'Connor (relieved). R., judge. Eig·hteenth Precinct.-John Farley, 3041 Lowe ave., vice John A. Sulli van (relie,·ed), D .• clerk. Twenty-first Precinct.-C. ,v. Smith, 2401 Hanover, vice C. M. Cotter {relieved), R., clerk. Twenty-fourth Precinct.-J. J. Quinn, 3019 Poplar ave., vice Redmond Lang·an (relieved), D., clerk. Twenty-fifth Precinct.-.Tames Finnegan, 928 Thirty-eighth, vice James P.A. McDonoug·h (relieved), D .• judge. SIXTH WARD. Fourth Precinct.- William Murphy, 841 S. Halsted, vice Patrick O'Neil {relieved), D., judg·e. · · Eighth Precinct.- Vladimir Cerviny, 206 ,v. Twentieth, vice Matt Wrona (relieved), R., clerk. · Tenth Precinct.-Matt P. Sullh·an. 594: Center ave., vice Christian R. Walledk (relieved), D., clerk. Twelfth Precinct.- Henry Bartels, 6i3 Blue Island ave., vice Charles R. Hall (relieved), R., clerk. Thirteenth Precinct.-Bat Baldwin, 2 Dale place, vice Charles Ahlgrun (relieved), D., clerk. Fifteenth Precinct.-William Collins, Jr., 664: W. Twentieth, vice David :McGann (relieved). D., clerk. Seventeenth Precinct ..- William Kasch, 8i3 Twenty-first, vice Albert Dary (relieved)., R., judge; Fred C. Engel, 839 Twenty-first, vice Charles Kasch (relieved), H., clerk. Eighteenth Precinct.-Sebastian J. Wallner, Robey, near Blue Island ave., '\'ice John Lillig· (relieved), R., clerk. Nineteenth Precinct. - Charles Abrahamson, 1100 estern ave., ,ice Victor Carlson {relieved}. R., judg·e. John Burns, California,v ave. and Illi nois Canal, D., clerk, vice J. Hoffman (removed from precinct). SEVENTH ,v ARD. Third Precinct.-Simon Brew. 621 S. Canal, vice J. McMalrow (relieved), D., judge. E. E. Rosenbach, 627 S. Canal, vice L. Corten (relieved), R., judge. Seventh Precinct.-Jas. C. Flanagan, 10 Dussold, vice L. J. Niehoff (re- THE NEW ELECTION LAW. 65 lieved), D., clerk. H. C. Andree, 489 S. Jefferson, "\'ice John Schneider (re lieved). R., clerk. Eighth Precinct.-Wm. A. Love, 108 Newberry ave., vice R. V. Ken- nedy (relieved), R., judge. · Ninth Precinct.-Thos. O'Donnell, 89 Johnson, vice F. E. Percy (re lieved), D., clerk. Fourteenth Precinct.-Wm. F. Meyer, 301 Blue Island ave., vice Jas. O'Harra (relieved), R., clerk. EIGHTH WARD. First Precinct.-Fred Kohl, 108 W. Van Buren, "\'ice E. H. Menzie (relieved). D. judge. . Second Precinct.- James Daley, 21 Pierce, vice J. F. Kevil (relieved), D., clerk. Ed. Hale, 39 Depuyster, vice J. Z. Ritman (relieved), R., clerk. Third Precinct.-Thos. Hutchings, 219 S. Halsted, vice E. Keogh (re lieved), D., judge. R. D. Peacock, 198 Peoria, vice ,v. D. Fitch (relieved), R., judge. Fourth Precinct.-Conrad Durborow, 216 Morgan, vice F. Dermondy, (relieved), D., clerk. Fifth Precinct.-Jacob Powell, 148 Throop, "\'ice J. F. McGuire (re lieved), D. judg·e. J. H. Benz, 352 Congress, vice J. B. Carter (relieved), R., judge. G. 0. Guy, 428 ,v. Van Buren, vice C. M. Peebles (relieved), R .• clerk. Sixth Precinct.-Frank Crowe, 194 Aberdeen, vice John Van Persyn (re lieved), H., clerk. Seventh Precinct. - .John Hallinan. south-east cor. Sbolto and Harrison, vice l\L J. 0' Brien (relieved), D., clerk. Eig·hth Precinct.-M. P. Dunlap, 42 Blue Island ave., vice Otto Ulricks (relie,·ed), D., clerk. Eleventh Precinct.-Philip ,veinheimer, 403 Clinton, vice Henry Kilie (relieved), R., judge. J. O'Day, 00 Forquer, vice John Schwartz (relieved), R., clerk. Fourteenth Precinct.- Walter Cahill, 291 W. Taylor, vice John Adams (relieved), D., judge. Fifteenth Precinct.-Patrick Jordon, 106 Sholto, vice L. Waltersdorf (relieved), D., judge. · Eighteenth Precinct.-Morris McDonnel, 123 Lytle, vice H.J. Armstro::-ig (relieved), D., judge. Nineteenth Precinct.-,v. J. Fassett, 401 S. May, vice Patrick H. Com miskey (relieved), D .• judge. Twentieth Precinct.- M. Dwyer, 191 Blue Island ave., vice William J. O'Brien (relieved), D .• clerk. ·wmiam P. Zremsen, 194 Blue Island ave., vice Charles Walters (relieved), R.; clerk. NINTH WARD. Second Precinct.-George McConnell, 209 S. Clinton. vice Felix J. Ken nedy (relieved), D., clerk. Fourth Precinct.-John Conley, 169 Desplaines, vice Gabriel Farrell (re lieved), D., judge; J. ,v. Burns, 9"2 w. Quincy, vice ,vmiam Spruce (relieved), D., judge. Fifth Precinct.-James McKirkley, 179 W. Adams, vice Harry Ennis (relieved), R., judge. Sixth Precinct.-E. L. Bradley, 178 ,v. Madison, vice G. J. Cassells~ R., clerk. Seventh Precinct.-W. C. Nelson, 75 W . .Monroe, vice L. R. Puffer (re lieved), R .• clerk. Eighth Precinct.-Edward F. Heinze, 154: ,v. Randolph, vice Fr. Boemer (relieved), R., judge. William McCaulef, 19 ·waldo pl., vice James H. Mc Cauley (relieved), D •• judge. Edward H. Brown, 178 ,v. Randolph, ,·ice .John Konold (relieved), R., clerk. James Malloy, 157 W. Washington, vice John H. Duffy (relieved), D., clerk. Tenth Precinct.-C. C. P. Holden, 20 Aberdeen, vice Charles R. Frizell (relie,,cd), D., judge. Eleventh Precinct.-Andrew Stack, 107 S. Morgan, vice J. B. Craur (relieved), R., judge. · Twelfth Precinct.-William Sollitt, 137 S. Green, 'Vice H. M. Fitzer (re lieved), R., judge. Martin Powers, 170 Sangamon, vice J. McCarthy (relie,•ed), D., judge. 66 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

TENTH "\VA.RD. Third Precinct.-Thomas Gallag'.her, 108 Austin ave., vice M. J. Canning (relieved). D., clerk. Fourth Precinct.-James Wilmot, 190 N. Green, vice Christ Henrich (relieved), D., judg·e. Fifth Precinct.- E. C. Christensen, 168 W. Indiana, vice C. 0. Kindley (relieved), D., judg·e. Alfred C. Woolson, 183 N. Curtis, vice C. S. Wilson (re lieved), D., judg·e. Richard S. Shea, 139 N. Morgan, vice E. J. Dwyer (re lieved), D .• clerk. Sixth Precinct.-C. H. Arnold, 299·w. Randolph, vice William H. Ralston (relieved), D., judg·e. Tenth Precinct.-Louis Cohen, 7 W. Ranqolph, vice Abe Franks (re lieved), D., clerk. ELEVENTH WARD. First Precinct.-Richard J. Sinnott, 41 Hunt, vice J. F. Crowley (relieved), D., clerk. Second Precinct.-John Sleig·ht, 336 W. Indiana, "\'ice John Navin (re lieved), D .. clerk. Third Precinct..-Roger J. Gorman, 400 Austin ave., vice William ,v. Howe (relieved), D., clerk. Fourth Precinct.-Joseph Speig·ht, 346 Carroll ave., vice Thomas Shaw (relieved), H., judge. Sixth Precinct.-James H. Field, 435 ,vashington boul., vice George ,v. Campbell (relieved), R., clerk. Ei~:hth Precinct.-Frederick C. Story, 43 S. Curtis, vice P. M. Baumgard ner (relieved), R., clerk. Tenth Precinct.- Joseph Cella, 545 W. Madison, vice Charles Deg·enharclt. (relieved), D., judge. Twelfth Precinct.-Peter L. Mooney, 446 .Jackson, vice M. D. Flaherty (relieved), D., clerk; ·w. T. Keener, l0i Loomis, vice Frank E. ·Whitman (re lieved), R., clerl{. Thirteenth Precinct.-Charles A. Dew.19 Center ave., vice B. C. Hayman (relieved), R, judge. John Monahan, 406 W. Madison, vice Thomas J. Coch ran (relieved). D., clerk. Fourteenth Precinct.-W. Vv. Thompson, 344 ,v. Adams, vice Charles A •. Wortman (relieved), D., judge. 'rWELFTH ,vARD. First Precinct.-R. E. Jenkins, 36 Park ave., vice E. D. ·wnder (relieved)~ R., judge. Second Precinct.-W. ,v. Thumser, 665 W. Madison, vice X. 0. Howe (relieved), D., clerk. Third Precjnct.-D. J. Flannery, 606 Adams, vice D. H. Preston (re lieved, R., judg·e. Fourth Precinct.- J. ,v. Enright, 713 Jackson, vice G. P. Holmes (relieved), D., judge. . Seventh Precinct.-C. B. Young·man, 50 Cypress, vice T. H. McCarthy (relieved), R .• clerk. · Thirteenth Precinct.-J. Lingsweiler, 834 Madison, vice C. M. Caswell (relieved), D., judg·e. . Fifteenth Precinct.-Walpole Wood, 141 Park ave., vice E. F. Sabin (re lieved), R., clerk. Eighteenth Precinct.-M. D. Rapp, 740 Washington boul., vice W. P. Wing (relieved), H., judge.. . Nineteenth ·Precinct.-,Villiam Steel, 1059 Madison, vice E. Falvey (re-. heved), D., clerk. Twentieth Precinct.-James Duffy, 35 Gross Terrace, vice H.J. LeFebre (relieved), D., judge. Twenty-first Precinct.-Thomas McMahon, 1144 Madison, vice E. C. Van Wag·ener (relieved), D., judg·e. Twenty-second Precinct.-E. C. B.rennan, 166 Campbell ave., vice C. Chenowith (relieved), R., elerk; \Villiam 0' Keefe, 1018 :Madison, vice \V. J. Gregg (relieved), D., clerk. Twenty-third Precinct.-T. H. Agnew, 1067 Jackson, vice J. S. Phelps. (relieved), D., clerk. Twenty-fourth Precinct.- P. H. Quaid, No. 1230 Lexington ave., vice JN Jacobson (relieved), D., judge. 'I'HE NEW ELECTION LAW. 67

Twenty-sixth Precinct.-P. Bauld, 1276 Van Buren, vice J. Wiltsie (re lieved). R., clerk. E. H. Menzie, 1362 Jackson, vice B. F. Remington (re lieved), D., clerk. THIRTEENTH WARD. Fourth Precinct.- John E. Dooley, 565 Austin ave., vice T. Quirk (re lieved), D., clerk. Zohrab Dixon, 532 Indiana, vice George Sampson (re lieved), R., clerk. Fifth Precinct.- L. F. Kiehn, 62 Emerson ave., vice H. B. Murdock (re lieved), R., judge. John Hays, 552 W. Ohio, vice Henry Collins (relieved), D., clerk. M. H. Smith, 604 Indiana, vice P. S: Runnion {relieved), R., clerk. Seventh Precinct.-George Bornhardy, 160 :N'- Western ave., vice R. Slayton (relieved), R., judge. Twelfth Precinct.- John F. Slavin, 895 Carroll ave., vice Ed. Carey (re lieved), D., judge. FOURTEENTH WARD. Fifth Precinct.-Eugene Casselman, 406 W. Chicago ave., vice J. Gross relieved), D .. clerk. Seventh Precinct.-Peter Lambin, 34 Cornell~ vice B. Shoeneman (re lieved), D., judg·e. Eighth Precinct.- ,vm. J. H. Niestadt, 5 Tell pl., vice Geo. Nelson (re lieved), R., judge. Ninth Precinct.- L. Allen, 23 Mantene court, vice Wm. Rath (relieved), D., judg·e. J. Gremly, 476 N. Paulina, vice E. Wolff (relieved), R., clerk. Eleventh Precinct.-D. Sullivan, 377 N. Wood, vice J. C. Thayer (re lieved), D., judge. James Patten, 109 Rice, vice A. Adeloff, Jr. )relieved), R., clerk. r.rwelfth Precinct.-Louis Etzel, 249 ,v. Division, vice J. Barzyuski (re lieved), D., judge. Fourteenth Precinct.-T. J. Van Ulick, 820 N. California ave., vice Wm. Jacobs (relieved), R., clerk. Fifteenth Precinct.-John Emerson, 23 Ewing pl., vice L. Pio (relieved), D., clerk. Charles Zoerger, 84 Le Moyne, vice H. "rollin (relieved), R., clerk. Twenty-seventh Precinct.-A. Franke, 723 Milwaukee ave., vice H. Wi eneke (relieved), R .• judge. Twenty-ninth Precinct.- H, Mohlman, 327 N. May, vice J. H. Marks (relieved), R .. clerk. Thirtieth Precinct.- Herman Fitch, 337 Milwaukee ave., vice S.S. House holder (relieved), R., clerk. Thirty-first Precinct.-F. A. Hewll, 268 N. Halsted, vice J. Z. Alstrup (relieved), D., judge. FIFTEENTH WARD. First Precinct.- J. F. Fullen, 588 Hurlbut, vice l\f. B. Herbert (relieved), D., Clerk. Fifth Precinct.-C. H. Curtis, 417 Center, vice N. J. w·heelert (relieved), R., clerk. · Eighth Precinct.-A. 13. Vernon, 327 Dayton, vice R. D. Stave (relieved), R., clerk. Thirteenth P1·ooinct.- R. l\I. \Vahler, 302 Mohawk, vice M. Richter (re lieved), R., clerk. Fonrteenth Precinct.- Henry Luth, 519 Larrabee, vice C. \Veiber (re lieved), D., clerk .. Fifteenth Precinct.- H. Spathold, 121 Burling. vice N. ,vetzel (Relieved), R., judg·e. H. D. Boyden, 864: N. Halsted, vice M. Kauffman (relieved), D., clerk. Seventeenth Precinct.- F. J. Rinn, 641 N. ,vens, vice L. G. Hallberg (re lieved). R., judg·e. A. M. Richley, 64:l N. ,vells, vice A. B. Holson (rel°ieved), R., clerk. Twenty-first Precinct. -F. Mueller, 374 Clybourn ave., vice H. A. Ruf (re lieved), R., clerk. SIXTEENTH WARD. First Precinct.-Charles Wippo, 573 N. Clark, R., clerk, vice .A. Hugunin (removed from precinct). . 68 'fHE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Second Precinct.-Charles Dennehy, 4.55 Dearborn ave., D., judge, vtce B. Niebling (excused, candidate). · Fifth Precinct.- C. H. Swartz, 19 Goethe, R., clerk, vice J. A. Cross (re moved from Precinct). Twelfth Precinct.-Albert Sievert, 231 Larrabee, R., judge, vice John Rasmussen (remm·ed from precinct). Fourteenth Precinct.-H. B. Koch, 236 North ave., R., clerk, vice H. C. Kinzie (removed from precinct). Fifteenth Precinct.-Ernst Hediniger, 170 North ave., D., clerk, vice ,vm. Phillipps (removed from precinct). SEVENTEENTH WARD. Second Precinct.-John Byg-ren~ 142 Sedgwick, vice John Engberg (re

lieved), R. 1 judg·e. Third Precinct.- J. McMahon, 241 N. Market, vice H. O'Brien (relieYed), D., judg·e. M. Vaug·hn, 168 Chestnut, vice C. Dwyer (relieved). D. cleek. Fourth Precinct.-John McCole, 162 N. Market, vice A. R. Honey (re lieved), D., clerk. Fifth Precinct.-P. McNamee, 131 N. Market, .vice John Osborne (re lieved), D., judg·e. Charles Simpson, 125 N. Market, vice J. Schmeizer (re- lieveq), R., clerk. . Eig·hth Precinct.-William Handley, jr.• 128 Sedgwick, vice John Dowdle (relieved), D., judge. Ninth Precinct.-Peter Conley. 219 Townsend, Yice P. F. Bresland (re lieved), D., judge. ,vuliam Freeburg, 182 Townsend, vice H. Peterson (re lieved), R., judge. H. Haberle, 186 Sedgwick, vice P. J. Gavin (relie\'ed), D.,

clerk. C. J. Johnson, 210 Townsend, vice S. E. Edman (relieyed), ll.1 clerli:. Tenth Precinct.- Ed. Lynch, 62 Mliton ave., vice F. Gilmore, jr. (relieved), D., clerk. . Ele,·enth Precinct.-Frank Holtz, 90 Larrabee, vice F. Scheffel (relieved), R., judge. J. N. Santry, 31 Chicago ave., vice N. Pauly (relieved), D., clerk. Thirteenth Precinct.-F. 0. Johnson, 117 Hickory ave., vice M. Dittber ner (relieved), R., judge. EIGHTEENTH "WARD. Third Precinct.-"\Villiam D. Smith, 369 LaSalle ave .• vice S. Smith (re lieved), R., judg·e. George Fries, 360 N. Franklin. vice ,v. I. Fuller (relieved), R., clerk. Fifth Precinct.-T. F. Enright, 218 Chestnut, vice D. W. Manchester (re lieved), D., judge; D. J. Gallenr, Jr., 260 LaSalle ave.• vice J. ,v. Mooney, (relieved), D .• clerk. G.D. Anthony, 230 LaSalle ave., vice A. Johnson (re lieved), R., clerk. Seventh Precinct.-C. M. Dawes, 31 Pearson, vice J. Blatteau (relieved), R., judge. Ninth Precinct.-M. J. Kelly, 153 Huron, vice J. J. Swenie (relieved), D., ~k. . Twelfth Precinct.-R. V. Simms. 236 Huron, vice T. D. Jones (relieved), D., judge; A. W. Barnum, 285 Ontario, ,·ice C. F. Kimball (relieved), D., clerk. · Thirteenth Precinct.-Francis King, 151 Rush, yice A. M. Day (relim·ed), R., judge. Fourteenth Precinct.-B. Ilerlizheimer, 134 Wells, vice D. ,v. ,vnson (re lieved), R., judge. Fifteenth Precient.-T .. B. Boteyle, 152 Ohio, vice H. English (relieved), D., clerk. . Seventeenth Precinct.-H. A. Mann, 3.58 Ohio, vice C. S. Kirk (rPlie,·ed), · R., judge. Eighteenth Precinct.-F. Hettinger, Sr., 147 Illinois, vice F. Hetting·er, .Jr. (relieved), D .• judg-e. Nineteenth Precinct.-T. J. Gleason, 288 Indiana, vice H. M. Arnd (re lie,·ed), D., clerk. Twentieth Precinct.-F. W. Thiele, room 4, 27 N. Clark, ,·ice \V. H. Bent ley (relieved), R., clerk. Twenty-second Precinct.-D. Cahill, 315 Illinois, vice M. J. Condon (re lieved), D., judge. H. H. Pond, 55 Rush. vice F. W. C. Hayes (relieved), H., judge. F. F. Bullen. fiat F, 51 Rush, vice John H. Hood (relieved), R., clerk; Frank Murphy, 319 Illinois, vice D. Cahill (relieved), D., clerk. A LIVELY FALL CAMPAIGN.

The voters· of Cook county will have reason to remem ber the fall campaign of 1886. The judges of election who count the votes will have more reason to remember it. No less than four tickets have been placed in the field.

THE REPUBLICAN TICKET. The Republican County Convention n1et at Battery D on August 28. J. L. Woodward called the convention to order. Ex-Governor John lL Hamilton was made chair man and John J. Healy secretary. After considerable fig uring the following ticket was nominated: County Treas urer, George R. Davis; Sheriff, Canute R. Matson; County Clerk, Henry vVulff; County Judge, l\tiason B. Loomis; Probate Judge, Joshua C. Knickerbocker ; Judges of the Superior Court, Rollin S. \Villian1son, Elliot Anthony, Kirk Hawes, Richard S~ Tuthill; Clerk of Criminal Court, James H. Gilbert; Clerk of Probate Court, Thomas vV. Sennott ; County Oon1missioners, HenJ·y Englehardt, lf urray Nelson, William Williams, Frank Schubtrt, J. Frank Aldrich. George R. Davis, for County Treasurer, is forty-six years of age and is-a native of Massachusetts. Enlisting as a private in a Massachusetts regiment, he becan1e a captain, and, his regiment disbanding, he organized a cavalry regi ment in Rhode Island and con1n1anded it during the Rebel lion. In 1868 he entered the insurance business with Robert H. Walker. In 187'8 he was elected congressman from the second district, was reelected in 1880, and in 1882 represented the third district. Some people say that 69 70 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. his nomination proclaims a truce between the factions of Davis and of l\1ason in the third district; Mason having been selected for congress in Davis' old place. Henry ,v ulfl\ for Oonnty Clerk, was horn in Gern1any in 1848. He was at one tirne the president of the board of trustees of the Town of Jefferson. James H. Gilbert, for Clerk of the Ciminal Court, was born in Toronto, Ont., in 1844. He was adn1itted to the bar in 1867, when he forn1ed a real estate partnership with Robert 0. Givins. Elected to the reforn1 council in 1875, he was acting n1ayor of the city in 1878. In 1883 he was appointed Deputy Collector of Custon1s. Mason B. Loon1is, for County Judge, was born in Ohio in 1838. He was admitted to the bar in 1861. During his stay in Kankakee, in 1868, he was elected District Attor ney. In 1877 he was elected County Judge of Cook County, served five years and has since been a member of the law firn1 of N eedhan1 & Loon1is. For County Oonunissioners: l\iiurray Nelson, the well known board of trade n1an, declined to run; Henry Engel hardt is a cigarmaker; Frank Schubert is forty-one years old and was Collector for the West Town. Sketches of others on the ticket will be found elsewhere. The prominent feature of the convention was the- utter depression of the friends of "Jack" Stephens, who not · only was beaten by 1\1:r. Matson for Sheriff, but lost the Orin1inal Court clerkship which he an_d his friends con sidered it safe to fall back on. The following circular extensively ·distributed created quite a sensation in political circles: HEADQUARTERS REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE, SEPT. 16, 1886. To THE TAx PAYERS OF CooK CoUNTY: Gentlenien,-The Republican party appeals to you this fall for support. A LIVELY FALL CAMPAIGN. 71

It bases its appeal upon the grand record it has inade in the past for honesty and efficiency, and upon the failure o.f the Democratic p3'.rty to assume responsibility for public trusts confided to it. Every public office of consequence in this County has been adn1inistered by faithful Republicans, while corrupt or incompetent Den1ocrats clain1 the credit. Democrats claim credit for n1aintaining the efficiency of the police force, but the Chief of Police, Inspector of Police and half of the Captains are Republicans. Deri1ocrats claim •Credit for administering the posto:ffice properly. Everybody knows that the office is really run by the Republican Assistant Postmaster and his efficient Republi can subordinates. The alleged Postn1aster although a Den1ocrat dare not turn out the Assistant Postmaster, for the falsity of Den1ocratic clain1s would then be too apparent. The Chief Deputies of the customs and internal revenue offices, and of the county offices are Republicans, and are still retained on account of their efficiency. vVhy not give credit there where it is due? Vote against the pretentious frauds who gain credit for the work of Republicans by false pretenses! Support the Republican party and. its non1inees. It is not ashan1ed of its respon~ibility to the people, and needs no aid fron1 Den1ocrats to adn1inister public trusts. REPUBLICAN CA~IPAIGN CO)IJIITTEE.

THE DE1IOCRATIC TICKET. The Democratic C0nnty Convention met at the North Side Turner Hall on Septen1ber 15. John Colvin, chair man of the Democratic county central committee, called ihe convention to order. Moses J. \Ventworth was elected chairman and Henry J. 1\-Iurray secretary. A recess was ·taken to 1: 55 o'clock. County Oomn1issioners were first 72 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. nominated as follows: St. Clair Sutherland, John A. King, John Dowdle, Bernhard Niebling and Ernst llum mel. For Superior Court Judges: Egbert Jamieson, Frank Baker, John P. Altgel t and J eren1iah Leaming were nominated. Richard Prendergast was nominated County Court Judge and J. 0. Knickerbocker, whose nan1e was suggested by Judge Prendergast to the convention, and who had been already nominated by the Republicans, was nominated for Probate Court Judge. It was considered a graceful act on the part of ~ir. Prei)dergast, who was snub_bed by the Republican convention. Then followed the nomination of County Superintendent of Schools, Charles Parker. The great fight occurred over the Shrievalty nomination. vVhen the nan1e of John M. Dunphy was mentioned the hall trembled with enthu siasm. The gallery especially was wild. In the midst of the uproar Aldern1an Oullerton arose and nominated Willian1 Best. Michael Mcinerney was also non1inated from the Town of Lake. Best was declared the nominee of the convention, polling 188 votes ; Dunphy 93, and Mclnerney 28. Michael Schweisthal was 11an1ed for Treas urer, James ~L Doyle for Clerk of the Criminal, John W. Kleckner for Probate Court Clerk, and J\iiichael Mclnerney for County Clerk. Mr. Best declined, and John Mattocks, was substituted. John Mattocks is an attorney and ex-county com m1ss1oner. :B--,or County Com~issioners: Mr. Sutherland was born in Baltimore in 1819, and is an old-time Democrat. He is interested in the stone business on the Illinois & Michigan Canal. He is above reproach. John Dowdle is thirty-two years old, and a native of Chicago. He is of the stone firrn of Robinson, Dowdle & Mc Wirter, and is president of the Young !vien's Ten1per ance Society on the North Side. A LIVELY FALL CAMPAIGN. 73

Bernhard Niebling is a well-known North Side business man, and a very prominent Catholic. Egbert Jamieson was-city attorney and corporation coun sel, and was beaten once by Luther Laflin Mills for state's attorney. He is one of Chicago's prominent attorneys. Frank Baker was born in Ohio in 1840. He is ·a first class attorney, held very high offices elsewhere, and was defeated by Judge Knickerbocker in the race for the Probate Court. J. W. Kleckner, for Clerk of the Probate, is very strong with the workingmen. He made his mark as President of the Street Car Conductors' and Drivers' Association. James M. Doyle, for Clerk of the Criminal Court, is an old soldier, very popular, and a brother of Austin J. Doyle,. Ex-Chief of Police and Superintendent of the Chicago Pas senger Railway Company. Michael Schweisthal, for Treasurer, is forty-two, and was born in Germany. He is cashier of the International Bank, and distinguished himself in the common council on the finance committee. Michael }Icinerney, for County Clerk, was born in Ire land, and is about thirty-five. He has been identified with the stock yards for over twenty years ; was a school trustee in the Town of Lake, served a term as postn1aster in that town, and is a manufact_urer of brick, and owns a livery stable. He is a very strong candidate. Sketches of others on the ticket appear elsewhere.

A LABOR TICKET. The United Labor Convention met in the North Side Turner Hall, Septen1ber 25. At 2: 30 P. M., C. F. Seib, secretary of the committee of twenty-one, called the con vention to order. .After some confusion, C. G. Dixon was elected chairman by a vote of 299. The friends of Mr. McAbee, who polled 155 votes, and Sawyer, who polled 20 f 4 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. votes, were much disgruntled, and the result wa·s a tumul tuous acljournn1ent until 11:onday, Septen1ber 27, at Greenebaum's Hall. The .convention met pursuant to call. The ten1porary organization having been made perm_anent, T ..J. Morgan, Harvey Sheldon, Jr., John Bla-ck, George Linnen1eyer and G. vV. Goodhue were appointed a committee on platform. It was resolved not to accept any rejected candidate from the Republican or Den1ocratic · parties. The following county platfonn was adopted unanin1onsly : ·~ 1. We demand the abolition of all county toll roads. "2. The abolition of the contract system on all county work.· "3. rrhe purchase of county supplies in open market. ""4. The frequent inspection of county penal and charitable institutions by a state board of inspection. "5. That won1en shall serve on such boards equally with men, for the reason that women are confined in these iustitutions as well as n1en. " 6. And we demand of our courts as full and fair a hearing for the poorest citizen as is accorded to citizens of wealth or moneyed corporations. "7. We demand a just and effective system of state in surance. "8. That all fines against inmates of houses used for immoral purposes shall be levied upon and collected from the property, and not from the inn1ates. "9. That all ele_ction days shall be ·compulsory holi days, during which all ordinary business shall be sus pended. "10. That the subdivisions known as the town of North Chicago, town of West Chicago, and town of South Chi cago shall be abolished, and that there shall hereafter be for the city of Chicago one assessor, one collector, one supervisor and one clerk.. A LIVELY FALL CAMPAIGN. 75

'' 11. That all lands held for speculative purposes shall be taxed equally with cultivated lands." The con1mittee of twenty-one and the candidates were chosen a campaign committee. The following nomina tions were then n1ade : County Judge, Richard Prendergast; Probate Judge, J. C. I(nickerbocker; Superior Judge: John P. Altgeld, Egbert Jamieson, Kirk Hawes, and Elliott Anthony; County Treasurer, Frank Stauber; Sheriff, l\L J. Butler; County Clerk, Samuel J. Rastall; Criminal Court Clerk, F. J. Dvorak; Probate Court Clerk, Paul Ehn1ann; Super intendent of Instruction, Homer Bevans; County Commis sioners: James Barry, J. J. Altpeter, Alex. Eilert, Jas. H. Bancroft and George Dean. Congress-First District, Hervey Sheldon, Jr.; Second District, Daniel F. Gleason; Third District, Benj. ,v. Goodhue; Fourth District, Sam uel ...... \. I-Iawkins. State Senators-First District, John 0. Boyd; Third District, Willian1 Bruce; . Fifth District, Charles F. Seib; Seventh District, l\1ichael Drew; Ninth District, 0. S. Wheeler; Eleventh District, R. M. Burke; Thirteenth District, Michael Luci. Representatives-First District, Jan1es O'Connor; Second District, W. P. Wright; Third District, Oscar E. Leinen; Fourth District, vVillian1 Gleason; Fifth District, Leo. P. Dwyer; Sixth District, M. J. Dwyer; Seventh Di~trict, Frank Thamas; Ninth Dis trict, C. G. Dixon; Eleventh District, George Rohrback; Thirteenth District, V. Karlowski. State Ticket.-State Treasurer-John Budlong, of Rockford; Superintendent of Public Instruction-D. L. Braucher, of Lincoln. The comn1ittee of twenty-one were the following: 0. G. Dixon, of L ....A .. 522, 111anufacturer; T. J. Morgan, of the l\'Ietal ,v orkers' union, brass finisher; Paul Ehmann, of 6571, picture framer; 0. F. Seib, of 6303, cigarn1aker; George A. Schilling, of 2309, cooper; Frank J. Dvorak, of 76 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

4927, wood-working machine hand; C. R. Temple, of 639~, interior house decorator; Fred. W. Long, of 1307, printer; J. H. H. Hamer, of 852, machinist. R. C. Owens, of 6570, George Hicken, of 7521, Louis Zeller, cigarmakers, union No. 15; Willian1 S1ahlkecht, furniture workers' union; John vValdman, cigarmakers union; C. M. Larson, of 6261, marble cutter; S. Myer, of 6703, tea merchant; vVillian1 W. Weaver, of 6017, mechanical engineer; J. Schwagen, carpenters' union of the Town of Lake; James B. Murphy, of 4263, Pullman, band sawyer; Edmund O'Donnell, Gra~d Crossing, carpenter. l\L J. Butler, for Sheriff, is about 35 years of age, and is a health officer in the Town of Lake. He is one of the founders of Distr. No. 57, and is master workman of that and of Local Asse1nbly 1597 for nearly six years. He was born in Lackawanna County, Pa.:- and has been a life long toiler. Frank Stauber, for Treasurer, wa8 born in Laufen burg, Canton Aargau, Switzerland, in 1858, can1e to Chicago in 1867, and worked as a tinner. In 1870 he was in the hardware business for hin1self at 520 i1:ilwaukee avenue. In 1878 and 1880 he was elected alderman on the socialist ticket from the Fourteenth ward. He served on the Board of Education from 1882 to 1885. Samuel J. Rastall, for County Clerk, is 43 years of age,· .and has been Secretary of the Typographical Union. Frank J. Dvorak is about 35 and a machinist. Paul Ehmann, for clerk of Probate Court, is about 30, and is a picture frani.e builder. F~H· County Con1missioners, J an1es Barrie is foreman of a manufacturing firm. J. J. Altpeter is a jeweler and representative of the Sixth ward on the socialistic ticket. Captain Daniel F. Gleason, for congress, of the second district, was born in Tipperary, Ireland. Is a contractor and builder and is about 40 years of age. Henry Sheldon, A LIVELY FALL CAMPAIGN. 77 jr., for congress, in the first district, is a lawyer, and was born in Syracuse, N. Y., in I 847. Benjamin "\V. Goodhue, for congress, in the third district, is a state lecturer in the Knights of Labor,· and was born in Boston in 1835. Sam uel J. Hawkins, for congress, in the fourth district, is foren1an in a machinery con1pany, and . is 26 years of age. Sketches of others on the ticket appear elsewhere.

ANOTHER LABOR TICKET. Seceding delegates from the United Labor Convention met October 4, in t~e North Side Turner Hall. Chai:r;r man Coffee presided, and the committee on resolutions submitted the following, which were adopted: WHEREAS, vVe believe the time has arrived when organized labor should unhesitatingly assert its right to a recognition as a factor in our political fabric; and WHEREAS, We deem it advisable at this time to more clearly define our position and give expression to our views of the needs of the wage-workers of the city of Chicago and Cook_ County; and WHEREAS, The duly accredited delegates chosen by regularly convened caucuses of fellow-workmen of their several organized trades and assemblies of the Knights of Labor were denied the right to participate in the late so-called Labor Convention; therefore: Resolved, That it be the first duty of this convention to repudiate and denounce the action of the self-constituted committee of twenty one, acting as a committee on credentials, in falsely assuming to represent the sentiments of the organized labor in Chicago and Cook County, and ostracising and disfranchising a large portion of the regularly chosen delegates to the convention called for September 23. Resolved, That we are here assembled to vindicate our rights as the untrammeleg. representatives of honest labor to rebuke the in solence and presumption of said committee, and set the Real of popu lar condemnation upon their high-handed and unprecedented arrogance. Resolved, That the congressional and legislative nominees of this convention of the Cook County Labor League be required to pledge themselves to use their honest endeavors to obtain laws for the protection of labor and the repeal of those detrimental to it; to favor the proposed amendment to the state constitution for the aboli- 78 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. tion of contract convict labor and the discontinuing of all existing contracts upon terms just and equitable to the state and contractors; to favor the enactment of an eight hour law to apply in general to all wage-workers in ·whatever branch of business throughout the state, with suitable penalties for violations; to favor the enactment of a law to compel the payment of wages weekly and in lawful money of the United States. · Resolved, That the candidates for the legislature placed in nomination by the convention be instructed, in case of their election, to advocate the enactment of a law authorizing every city containing over ten thousand inhabitants to create a Board of Examination for the purpose of examining and licensing stationary engineers or per sons employed in charge of steam boilers· and prohibiting every person from following the vocation of engineers unless duly licensed by said board. The nominations were n1ade without 1nuch opposition, as follows : County Judge, Richard Prendergast; Probate Judge, J. C. Knickerbocker; Judges of Superior Court, John P. Altgeld, Egbert Jamieson, Frank Baker, R. S. vVillian1son; Sheriff, John l\L Dunphy; Treasurer, J\L Schweisthal; County Clerk, M. J. J.\,Iclnerney; Clerk Crin1inal Court, Frank G. White; Clerk Probate Court_. John ,v. Kleck ner; County Commissioners: First District, Frank J. Neeling, John Beegan, St. Clair Sutherland, John Dowdle; County Comn1issioner: Fifth Precinct, P. L. J.\,furphy; Superintendent Instruction, Albert G. Lane. Con·gress-. First District, Edgar Terhune; Second District, Frank Lawler; Third District, ,v. E. Mason; Fourth District, vVilliam McNally. First District Senator, George E. "\Vhite; First Distr.ict Representative, C. W. Rowan; First District Representative, J. S. Ford; Second District Representa tive, John W. Farley; Third District Senator, Isaac Abrahams; Third District Representative, Thos. J. Moran; Third District llepresentative, Dennis J. Kay; Fourth Dis trict Representative, Jas. F. Quinn; Fifth District Senator~ Henry Ruger; Fifth District Representative, vVillian1 E. A LIVELY FALL CAMPAIGN. 79

Thomson;- Sixth District Representative, A. H. Mc Laughlin; Seventh District Senator, Henry Batterman; Seventh District Representative, Clayton E. Crafts; Ninth District Representative, Dennis Considine; Eleventh District Senator, Edward F. Burk; Eleventh District Rep resentative, John ,v. Drury; Eleventh District Representa tive, Thomas McElligott; Thirteenth D'istrict Senator, J. F. O'l\,falley; Thirteenth District Representative, J. K. Caverly. John 11. Dunphy, for Sheriff, is an Irish-American, and an extensive contractor. He served a term as City Treas urer, and made warm friends while there. He was defeated for the Democratic non1ination. Frank G .. "\Vhite-,. for Clerk of the Criminal Court, is 37, and was born in Ottawa, Canada. He is a member of the firm of White Bros .. , 1nerchant tailors, at South Chicago and Englewood. He was never identified with either the Republican or Den1ocratic party. John Beegan, for County Commissioner, was born in 1850, in Ireland, but came to Chicago ,vhen he was but six months ·old. He- is. an engineer, but is now i:n the hat business. He is a Democrat, a member of the Knights of Labor for Fifteen years, and was never a candidate before. P. L. Murphy, for commissioner, resides in Colehour. He is . a retired butcher, 44 years old, was born in Ireland,. came to- Chicago in 1852, and is a Den1ocrat. William McNally, for Congress is an Irishman, about 58 years of age. He came to this country about forty-five years ago. He is the manufacturer of a compound to make boilers non-explosive. He was a member of the legislature of Ohio before the war. He is a Democrat. George E. White, for Senator, is a Republican and was born in Boston thirty-six years ago. He is a ·wealthy lumber merchant, was in the city council four years and in the legislature eight years. He drafted the two-per cent bill affecting tax-collectors. 6 80 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

W. H. Ruger, the Senator from the Fifth District, was born in Plattsburg, N. · Y., in 1842, and is of Ger n1an extraction. His father was at one time city mar shal of Chicago. In 1847 nf r. Ruger can1e to Chicago, and in 1861 joined the United ·states Navy. He in trusted his fortunes with the Man-of-War Essex, under Admiral William D. Porter, and participated in the engagements at Port Hudson, Island No. 10, Fort Henry, and ran the blockade at Vicksbtlrg. Resuming civil life he entered the Chicago postoffice as a n1ail-dis tributer. He was subsequently promoted to the foreman ship , of the West Division paper distributing depart ment, rose to the superintendency, and held it up to the time of his election to the state senate. He was elected in 1882, over Aldern1an Hildreth, by a majority of 931, on the independent ticket, in a district that gave a demo cratic n1ajority previously of 2,901. J an1es F. Q,uinn, for Representative, was born in St. Louis, in 1854. He was a stone-cutter for sixteen years, and is superintendent of the construction of many large buildings. A. H. McLaughlin, for Representative, was born in Pennsylvania, and is about thirty-nine years old. He has been in Chicago since 1865. and has been working at the printing trade since 1870. He is president of the Chicago Typographical Union No. 16, and is a member of the Algonquin Club. Dennis Considine, for Representative, was born in Ire land, and is-about fo·rty years of age. He is a very popu lar f eJlow among his associates. J. R. Caverly, for Representative, was born of Irish parents in London, England, in 1861. For the last three years he ha3 been in charge of the insane department of the county jail. John W. Drury, for Representative, is an American and A LIVELY FALL CAMPAIGN. 81

32 years old. He is an officer of the Switchmen's Benev olent Association. Sketches of other candidates on the ticket are found elsewhere. FRAUDULENT TICKETS.

MANY A TICKET PEDDLER ENTITLED TO FIVE YEARS IN THE PENITENTIARY. On the day preceding the Fall election of 1886, the :following correspondence between the Election Commission ers· and Richard Prendergast, judge of the County Court, was published: CHICAGO, Oct. 31. To Hon. RICHARD PRENDERGAST, Judge of County Court: IJear Si1·,-Members of the Election Commission have been interrogated regarding the legality of using and offering to voters at the election of the 2d prox. so-called split or mixed tickets with headings indicating them to be straight tickets, and the proper methods of canvassing such tickets by the judges of election after voting. We would respectfully request of you a written opinion touching these matters, for publication and distribution to the judges of election. DANIEL CORKERY, NORMAN BRIDGE, THEODORE OEHLNE. Commissioners. CHICAGO, Oct~ 31. To THE BoARD OF ELECTION CoMMISSIONERs : Gentlemen,-The subject of split, mixed, or crooked tickets or ballots is treated of by the law. I divide my answer to your inquiry into two parts. First-' as to the split tickets themselves, second, as to the duty bf the election judges. l. Every ticket purporting to be that which it is not, and given to a voter for the fraudulent purpose of procuring him to cast a vote not intended by him, is not merely a dishonorable trick, but is also a crime. Every person who shall thus, or in any other way, inten tionally practice any fraud upon any elector to induce him to deposit a ballot as his vote when he did not intend so to vote is guilty of a felony, punishable by not less tba11 one nor more than five years in 82 FRAUDULENT TICKETS. 83 the penitentiary. Those who cause, advise, or direct the fraud are equally responsible with those who actually perpetrated it. This particularly refers to forged, counterfeit, or deceptive tickets-that is, a ticket framed, headed, printed, or prepared so as to deceive the voter into the belief that it is the ticket he desires, when in fact, there may be on it one or more names of candidates whom· he does not desire or intend to vote for. Thus, to illustrate, a ticket headed '' Regular Democratic Ticket" without the name of :Mr. Schweisthal on it, or a ticket headed ''Regular Republican Ticket " without the name of Mr. Davis printed thereon, or a ticket headed'' United Labor Party Ticket" without the name of Mr. Stauber thereon, or a ticket head ed " Cook County Labor League Ticket" without the name of Mr. Dunphy thereon would fall under the prohibition of law. Headings not apt or liable to deceive voters may be used on split tickets. Thus any person or persons may without violating law, if no other fraud be practiced, prepare and offer to voters tickets with such headings as " Citizens' Ticket," or " Peoples' Ticket," or " Independent Voter's Ticket," or with any other non-misleading heading, because such head ings are not at this time deceptive. So tickets without heading or de scription of any kind may be prepared and offered; indeed, scratched or split, tickets are recognized by law. Section 80 of the act provides for the counting of such, but the main point is that what are known as counterfeit or deceptive split tickets are fraudulent, and to procure a voter to vote such contrary to his intention is a crime, as before stated. 2. The judges of election must take from each voter and deposit the ballot he offers without flny question or inquiry whatever as to its contents. So far as the judges of election are concerned, it makes no difference whatever what the ticket is or what it is not, nor how it is prepared, nor whether it is straight, regular, crooked, split, pasted, scratched, or anything else. The question for them is, is the person offering to vote duly registered and qualified ? If so the. paper or ballot he offers must lle taken by the judges and deposited and counted as his-vote, altogether irrespective of what it contains or what it does not contain. The judges have no right whatever to question the make-up of a ticket, and every name on every ballot deposited in the ballot-box· must be regarded by the judges of election as the name intended by the voter and so canvassed and counted. The fraud, the crime, arising out of the deception prac ticed on the voter is a matter with which the judges of election have absolutely nothing to do. That is a matter left by law with 84 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. other officers. Whether the voter has been deceived or not is a matter with which the judges of election, as such, have nothing to do. They must take, deposit, and count as the ballot, and vote of the voter, that which he offers, irrespective of whether he has been deceived or not. 1·remain, respectfully, yours, RICHARD PRENDERGAST. THE SOCIALISTIC PARTY.

The socialists of Chicago claim to have been very act ive in organizing trade and labor unions among the several nationalities. Their agitations they represent culminated in the movement for shorter hours of daily work from and after May 1, 1886; all working people in the stock yards and the building trades in Chicago working eight hours, and the wage-workers in many occupations regulating their hours of work and their wages by resolutions of their respective trades. The leaders define socialism in Chicago as trades unionism and independent political action. They say that mostly every useful occupation of wage-work is organized as a trade union or an assembly of Knights of Labor; and the issues of capital and labor are brought within the range of practical politics by the united labor party, which is dissolving the old party organizations of Chicago. The socialistic tendency is stated to be universal among all working people, in a word reaction against monopolistic abuses of capital. In 1857 the Gern1a:ri vVorkingmen's Association was started in Chicago and at once its influence ,vas felt in politics. I1: 1866 the first National W orkingmen's Con vention was held in Baltimore, and the national platforn1 was adopted favoring eight hours as a legal day's work. In Chicago the eight hour agitation was pushed hard, and on ~lay 1, 1867, a great den1onstration proved that the wage worker was in dead earnest. The stone-cutters however, only succeeded, it would seem, as they alone secured the eight hours. Aldern1e11 were elected in favor of eight 85 THE SOCIALISTIC PARTY. 86 hours but resolutions passed by then1 have been dead let ters. While the Greenback movement was in progress the socialistic n1oven1ent made great strides among the Ger mans and Bohen1ians principally. The Greenback and socialistic tic.kets it is clain1ed polled fifteen thousand votes when Hoffmann was elected Sheriff on the Republican ticket. In the fallowing city and county elections the Democrats gained with the help of the socialists. Mayor Harrison was elected in 1879, the socialists say, by twelve thou~and of their votes, and they elected four members of the Legislature and four aldermen. CHICAGO'S MAYORS.

WILLIAM B. OGDEN.

William B. Ogden, who was elected Chicago's first Mayor, in 1837, ·was born in Delaware County, New York, June 15, 1805. Just after the Revolutionary War, his father settled in what was then known as the Upper Dela ware country, and opened a new hon1e in the wilderness. In the home thus formed, Chicago's first J\tfayor was born, and in the wilderness he spent his early boyhood. He chose the profession of law, and, while pursuing an aca demic course with that end in view, he was called home on account of the death of his father. His.father left con siderable property, and its management was left to this son. In 1834, Mr. Ogden took a warn1 interest in the pro ject of constructing the Erie Railroad, and was chosen a men1ber of the New York Legislature to advocate that measure. In June, 1835, he located in Chicago, and hav ing previously purchased real estate here, he entered upon the management of his pi·operty. In 1835 and 1836, his operations in real estate were very extensive, as he early saw that Chicago was

BUCKNER S. MORRIS. The second Mayor of Chicago, elected in 1838, was born August 19, 1800, at Augusta, Ky. Dickinson Mor ris, his father, was County Surveyor of Bracken county, Kentucky, and a native of Delaware ; his mother, Frances, was a native of Virginia. In 1824 he com1nenced study- CHICAGO'S MAYORS. 89

ing law, and began practice in 1827. At the age of twenty nine he was elected to the legislature, and was reelected. He was a conservative Whig in politics at this tiine. In 1834 he settled in Chicago. In 183-7 he was active in the organization of the city. In 1840 President Lincoln and Mr. Morris were chosen electors by the Whig State Con vention, and worked for Harrison and Taylor against Van Buren. In 1851 he was elected Judge of the Seventh Illinois Circuit, 'and served until 1855, when he refused a reelection. While judge, George W. Green was convicted of n1urdering his wife, upon evidence furnished by Doctors Blaney and Bird, as to the presence of strychnine in her stomach. It was a remarkable case, and occupies a prom inent place in the annals of jurisprudence. In 1860 he was a candidate for the governorship of Illinois in the interest of th~ Bell and Everett ticket. In 1864 Judge l\iorris was L_Tested for conspiracy to release the prisoners at Camp Douglass, and burn and sack the· city. He was., however, most honorably acquitted.

:BENJAMIN \V. RAYMOND. The third and sixth Mayor of Chicago, elected in 1839 and 1842, was born at Ron1e, Oneida county, New York, in 1801, and can1e to Chicago in 1836. After many vicissi tudes Mr. Raymond erected in Elgin the first woolen fac tory in the state. He was elected Mayor of Chicago on the vVhig ticket. During his term Mr. Raymond gave his entire salary to sufferers along the canal. In 1842 he was reelected }fayGr. He was one of the first board of direc tors of the Galena railroad ; was one of the builders of the city of Lake Forest, and in 1864 was President of the Elgin National Watch Oon1pany, in the organization of which he was the most prominent.

ALEXANDER LLOYD. The fourth Mayor of Chicago was elected in 1840. 90 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Originally a storekeeper, he eventually became a prominent contractor and builder. Like many of Chicago's best citi zens he did good service in the Chicago Volunteer Fire Departn1ent. He was elected on the Democratic ticket, and was a prominent figure in the politics of his day.

FRANCIS C. SHERMAN. Francis C. Sherman, Chicago's 5th, 26th and 27th Mayor, elected in 1841, 1862 and 1863, was born in New ton, Connecticut, in 1805. In 1834 he came to Chicago, and ~hortly after his arrival he built a frame dwelling on Randolph street, between LaSalle street and Fifth avenue, which he opened as a boarding house. This modest hotel was originally about twelve feet high, eighteen feet wide and thirty feet long, but he did a flourishing business. In 1835 he moved to what was then called "out on the prairie," but which is now Adams street, and commenced to manufacture brick, and in 1836 built for himself the first four story brick building erected on Lake street. He remained in the brick business fourteen years, and in 1850 retired with a comfortable fortune. In 1860 he erected a splendid edifice for hotel purposes corner, Clark and Ran dolph streets, and christened it the "Sherman House." In 18B2 he was nominated for the 111ayoralty on the ])emo cratic ticket, and was elected over C. N. Holden, and ·served two terms.

AUGUSTUS GARRETT. The seventh, eighth and ninth ~Iayor oi Chicago was elected in 1843, 1844 and 1845. He came to Chicago in 1836, having left his wife in the East for the very good reason that he could not afford to bring her with him. In an incredibly brief period it was evident that Mr. Garrett's sun rose in the West. He was wealthy before he hardly realized it, and in 1848 when he died, his large for- CHICAGO'S MAYORS. 91 tune for th0se days he bequeathed to his wife, who gave the bulk of it to the Garrett Biblical Institute.

JOHN C. CHAPIN. The tenth Mayor of Chicago was elocted in 1846. He was one of the foremost of Chicago's commission merchants during his time, and first filled a public office in 1844, when he represented the First Ward in the city council.

JAMES CURTISS. The eleventh and fourteenth Mayor of Chicago was elected in 1847 and again in 1850. He gained prominence as a lawyer, and n1any an unfortunate can thank Mr. Curtiss for the lively interest he manifested in their behalf. He represented the Third Ward in the city council in 1846. JA~IES H. ,voon,voRTH. The twelfth and thirteenth ~Iayor of Chicago (n~w dead), elected in 1848 and 1849, was born December 4, 1804, in Greenwich, ·Washington County, New York. In 1827 he went to Springfield, Erie County, Pennsylvania, and for four years ,vas a justice of the peace. In 1833 he can1e to Chicago and conducted a dry goods business up to 1840. In 1839 he became a state Senator. In 1842 he entered the legislature, residing at that tin1e in LaSalle County; pur chasing the Hydraulic FloTJ.ring Mill, he supplied the city for ten years with flour and water. He was three years in the council and served as Mayor in 1848 and 1849. In 1853 he became one of the water commissioners. In 1854 he was elected to congress. With Stephen A. Douglass he obtained an appropriation for the building of the Chicago Custom House and Postoffice.-

·wALTER S. GURNEE. The fifteenth and sixteenth Mayor of Chicago was elected in 1851 and 1852. He came to Chicago in 1836. 92 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

At present he resides in New York. He was a merchant of the old school, being a saddler and tanner, and was pro prietor of one of the largest tanneries~ in the West. He is one of the original Directors of the Board of Trade.

CHARLES M. GRAY. The seventeenth Mayor of Chicago was elected in 1853. He was one of the pioneers of Chicago, arriving here in 1834. His first enterprise was the manufacturing of grain cradles, and he was subsequently with Cyrus McCormick at his reaper works.

IS.A.AC L. MILLIKEN. The eighteenth Mayor of Chicago, was elected in 1854. He began his career in Chicago as an humble blacksmith. He served two terms in the city council, representing the second ward. He was on the judicial bench a year before he was selected for Mayor. As a police magistrate he served with credit to hin1self. Mr. Milliken still n1akes Chicago his home, and, if the occasion demanded it, could shoe a horse with his old-time skill.

LEVI D. BOONE. Elected in 1855 the nineteenth Mayor of Chicago, and a grand nephew of Kentucky's pioneer, was born D~cem ber 8, 1808. His father dying iron1 a wound received at .the battle of Horseshoe Bend_, our subject clin1bed a difficult ladder. He graduated in n1edicine at twenty-one, and in 1830 located hin1self in Hillsboro, Montgomery County, Illinois. He served as surgeon in the Blackhawk ·war. In 1836 he came to Chicago. In 1848 he was made city physician. For six years he was aldern1an of the Second ward. In 1855 he was elected Mayor by the Native An1eri can party. Although he subscribed liberally to the war for the Union, and assumed risks otherwise in the cause, he was yet arrested in 1862 for complicity in the escape of a pris- CHICAGO'S MAYORS. 93 oner from Camp Douglas. The charge arose from the pay ment of a small sum of money to a Confederate prisoner, which was left by his n1other for him in the hands of Dr. Boone. The doctor was released at once, of course.

THOMAS DYER. The twentieth Mayor of Chicago was elected in 1856. He was a member of the firm of Warehouse, Newberry & Dole. In 1848 he was President of the Chamber of Com merce. JOHN "\VENT,VORTH. The twenty-first and twenty-fourth Mayor of Chicago, elected in 1857 and 1860, was born at Sandwich, New Hampshire, ~larch 5, 1815, and belongs to Puritanical stock. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836, and he obtained its degree of LL.D. in 1867. He came to Chicago October 25, 1836, and while he studied law con tributed to the Chicago Dmnocrat, which he soon owned. In 1843, having been admitted to the bar,. he was elected to congress. When the war broke out l\Ir. Wentworth used all his efforts to unite the Anti-Slavery Extension Democracy, the Abolitionists and the Whigs. .I:-Ie supported John 0. Fremont for president in 1856, and although for merly a thorough Democrat, ·was elected Mayor twice on the Republican ticket. He was Mayor when the Prince of Wales visited Chicago and made such an impression on the latter, that upon his return to England he sent Mr. "\V entworth two of the best Southdown bucks that could be found. Our subject is the largest Mayor Chicago ever had ; stands six feet six inches in height, weighs three hundred pounds, and has the reputation of being one of the most healthy and industrious n1en in this city.

JOHN C. HAINES. The twenty-second and twenty-third Mayor of Chicago, elected in 1858 and 18-59 was born May 26, 1818, in Deer- 94 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

field, New York. In 1835 he came to Chicago and so well succeeded as to purchase, in 1846, with Jared Gage, the Chi cago flour mills. In 1848 he was elected a men1ber of the city council and served for six years or more. In 1869 he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention, which brought forth the Constitution of 1870. In 1874 he was elected a member of the Illinois Senate. He created a widespread sensation in the House at Springfield prior to John A. Logan's election. JULIAN S. RU)ISEY. The twenty-fifth Mayor of Chicago, was elected in 1861, and is still a resident of this city. I-Ie was a member of the firm of Newberry & Dole, and was several times elected President of the Board of Trade. His many benevolent deeds will long outlive him.

JOHN B. RICE. John Blake Rice, Chicago's twenty-eighth and twenty ninth Mayor, elected in 1865 and 1867, was born in the village of Easton, Talbot county, Maryland, in 1809. In 1847 he settled in Chicago and built a theater on Dearborn street, between Randolph and VVashington streets, which was really the first dramatic establishment in Chicago. He managed the theater until 1857, and many of the old settlers can recall with pleasure the entertainments· that were given in the quaint but attractive little temple of art, 1i.nder Mr. Rice's careful and judicious managen1ent. In 1865, during the political excitement occasioned by the Re hellion, h~ was nominated by the Union party for the office of Mayor, and was elected by an almost unanin1ous vote.· ROS\VELL B. :MA.SON. The thirtieth Mayor of Chicago, was elected in 1869, and was in office at the time of the big fire. He is still in Chicago and is about eighty years of age. As a railway CHIC.AGO' S MAYORS. 9,5

builder, engineer and executive he has held high rank, and built the Housatonic and Vermont Valley roads in 1858. Just prior to his election as mayor he was superin tending the construction of the Illinois Central and the· Michigan Canal roads.

JOSEPH )IEDILL. The thirty-first l\'Iayor of Chicago, elected in 1871, and distinguished journalist, was born April 6, ·1823, and is of Scotch-Irish parentage. Ilis father, William, and his mother, Margaret, were born in Monaghan county, Ireland. He was educated at the Massillon Academy in Ohio. In 1844 he commenced studying law with I-Ion. Hiram Gris wold, continued under Seymour Belden, and was admitted to the bar in 1846.. I-Ie practiced a short time with George Mcilvaine in N e,v Philadelphia, Ohio. In 1849, abandoning law, he established the Coshocton Republican, and up to 1852 maintained it as a free-soil Whig paper. He then founded the Daily Forest City and supported Scott for president, but when he was defeated, Mr. Medill desired a new party to be known as the National Republican party, and in 1853 n1erged his journal with the True Dernocrat of John C. Vaughan, and christened the combination the Cleveland Leader. In 1853-4 he was one of the twelve to organize a Republican party. In 1854-5 he sold his interest in the Leader·, and with Dr. C. H. Ray and John C. Vaughan., purchased the Chicago Tribu,ne, which ~was established in 1847. The paper was a success forthwith. In 1869 he becan1e a member of the Constitutional Convention of Illinois. The president ap pointed him on the civil-service mission in 1871. In the fall of this year, amid the smoking ruins of Chicago's greatness, he was elected Mayor on the Fire Proof ticket.. In 1873 he went to Europe and wrote letters of great value on many topics for the. Tribune. In 187'4 he became its 7 96 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. editor-in-chief. lvir. Medill is accorded the credit of ob taining for soldiers in the field during the war for the Union, the right of exercising the elective franchise.

L. L. BOND. Hon. Lester L. Bond assumed the very responsible position of Mayor at the time when in 1873 Joseph Medill visited Europe on account of ill health. At the expira tion of his term, he was nominated for two years more as a universally recognized tribute to his ability and integrity, but although he received 18,500 votes, he was defeated by Harvey D. Colvin, who was the standard bearer of the Peoples' Party. During Mr. Bond's brief ter1n as succes-: sor to Mayor Medill, the city was in a state of panic, the city's employees being paid in scrip, but Mr. Bond, by tak ing a decided stand against the issue of the detestable paper, gallantly maintained the credit of the city. During the same unexpired term of Mr. Medill he brought order out of chaos in the fire department by thoroughly reorgan izing it, and the community magnificently appreciated his conduct by leaving the organization undisturbed to the present day. He also settled the long-standing claims of the gas companies, after a system that has not been changed one iota ever since. The two acts specifie~ were not all he fathered to stamp the administration as one . of the purest and ablest of modern times. Lester Legrand Bond was born in Ravenna, October 27, 1829. His father, Jonas Bond, removed· from Connecti cut to settle in Ohio in 1824, where Miss Elizabeth Story, a reJative of the distinguished jurist and author, Judge Story, of the United States Supreme Court, became his bride. Our subject attended a select school in Ravenna four years, and subsequently studied in Elsworth .Academy until the age of eighteen. He now jumped into the field to help his father, who was a farmer and manufacturer. Dur- CHICAGO'S MAYORS. 97

ing the summer he worked hard, and in the winter went to school. Early in life young Bond evinced an affection for mechanics, and the fact is apparent today in his prac tice ; !fr. Bond being probably the best patent lawyer in the United States. In 1850 he began the study· of law with Francis ,v. Tappan, in Ravenna, and continued with General Bierce and Jefferies, the forn1er of 1vhon1 was reputed to be one of th~ ablest criminal lawyers in North eastern Ohio. I-Ie was adn1ittecl to the bar in October, 1853. In 1854 he can1e to Chicago with no capital, and but two acquaintances, and struck bad luck at once by joining a young man in the con1mission business, only to be left to pay the obligations of both. In 1859 l\Ir. Bond assumed charge of numerous patent interests, and his great success induced hin1 in 1860 to de vote himself exclusively to the patent business. In 1864 his extraordinary progress actually obliged hin1 to form a co-partnership that the business of the office n1ight not go unattended. 'rhence can1e the firn1 of ,vest, Bond & Driscoll. lVlr. Driscoll becoming city attorney the year following, he withdre-w and the firn1 becan1e ,vest & Bond . .A reference to the 1nany cases in which ~fr. Bond engaged ,vould fill a volume. An1ong then1 n1ay be n1entioned those of the Babcock Fire Extinguisher, the Evarts Shin gle lVIill, the r~rubular Lantern, the lVIarsh I-Iarvester, the I(eystone Corn Planter, th~ Kenyon Cultivator, the i1u merous test cases of the 1Ioline Plow Con1pany, the Furst and Bradley Manufacturing Company. In fact he has appeared on on"e side or the other, chiefly for the defense, in nearly all the agricultural in1plement cases tried in the United States Circuits. I-Ie has appeared in H1ree hundred ancl thirty-fl ve cases in this circuit and fifty in other cir cuits since the great fire of '71. Politically, Hon. Lester L. Bond is a staunch Repub lican, his father in 1844 having been a n1on1ber of the Free 98 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Soil party. In 1852 Mr. Bond first filled a political po sition. In this year he was sent as a town delegate to the Pittsburgh Convention which nominated John P. Hill for president. In 1863 he was elected alderman fron1 the Eleven th ward, and in 1864 was reelected for two years. He declined the office at the expiration of his term, owing to the pressure of business. In 1867 he was elected to the state legislature ; reelected in 1869. During this session he was chairman of the judiciary committee, the most important in the house. During his first tetn1 he was a men1ber of the committee on internal improvements, and was very ·conspicuous in the passage of the act £or the improven1ent of the Illinois river. In 1871, contrary to his wishes, he was elected alder man of the tenth ward. He was a member of the Board of Education four years and in 1872 was presidential elector for the second congressional district of Illinois. On October 12, 1856, l\iir. Bond married Miss Annie Scott Aspinwall, daughter of Rev. Nathaniel W. Aspinwall, of Peacham, V ern1ont, and both he and his wife are members of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal church.

HARVEY D. COLVIN. Harvey D. Colvin, the thirty-second Mayor of Chicago, elected in 1873, was born in Herkimer county, New York, Dec. 18, 1814. He was elected on the People's ticket by ·a n1ajority of 10,251. ,vhen elected Mayor in the fall of 1873 Mr. Colvin was the general agent at Chicago, of the United States Exp~ess Con1pany. I-Iis first business venture was the manufacture of boots and shoes at Little Falls, N. Y. In this enterprise he was successful and followed the business for seventeen years. Subsequently he became connected with the American Express Company. Remov ing to Chicago in 1854 he organized an agency for the United States Express Company with a capital of about $500,000. CHICAGO'S MAYORS. 99

lf ONROE HEATH. Monroe Heath, the thirty-third Mayor of Chicago, was elected July 12, 1_876, under a special election O!dered by the council, consequent upon the general corporation act in April, 1875. There was no election in November of this year, the Mayor and aldern1an holding over until 1876. At the same tin1e the city was divided into eighteen wards. He was.born in Springfield, Sullivan county, New Hampshire, in 1828, of English descent. His n1other dying when he was but four .,vears old and his father when he was rJut eight, his grandmother cared for him until he was seventeen. In Boston he adopted a mercantile life and traveled considerably. He was in the l\!Iexican war, and cherishes 111any recollections of that interesting period. In 1851 he came to Chicago and commenced painting on the north side of Wells street bridge, where he em ployed the first year but five men, in the second year as 1nany as forty. In 1855, in company with Henry Milligan, now deaJ, he. established his business on the South Side. His present headquarters are on Randolph street, near LaSalle, where an in1mense business is transacted. The firm name of Heath & lVIilligan is still retained. Mr. Heath served several tern1s in the council. Col. Elliott Durand, Mr. Heath's son-in-law, and a well-known reporter of former days, is one of the chief mainstays of the insti tution. CARTER H. HARRISON. Carter H. Harrison, Mayor of Chicago for the fourth term, elected in 1879, 1881, 1883 and 1885, was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, February 25, 1825. Richard A. Harrison, Cromwell's Lieutenant General, who led Charles I. to the block, is his earliest ancestor preserved in the family archives. The name was conspicuous in Virginia during the colonial period, and Carter H. Harri- 100 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. son, his great-grandfather, and his brother, Benjamin Harrison, the signer of the Declaration of Independence, and father of President ,villian1 Henry Harrison, are en rolled in the an_nals of the infancy of ,the United States of An1erica. Early intern1arriage·s linked the Harrison fan1ily with the Randolphs, Cabells and Carters-two prominent Virginia fan1ilies. Through the forn1er, Thon1as Jefferson and John Randolph were of near kin ; throhgh the latter, the Reeves, of Virginia, and the Breckenridges, of Ken tucky. Robert Carter I-Iarrison, grandfather of our sub ject, located in Kentucky in 1812. His father and grand father were graduates of ,villian1 and Mary College. When our 1\-Iayor was eight n1onths old his father died, but the circumstances of the family were left in an un usually pron1ising 9-ondition. ,vhen he was fifteen, Carter was placed. under the scholastic care of Dr. Lewis lVIarshall, brother of the Chief J nstice and father of the fan1ous Kentucky orator, Thomas T. Marshall. In 1845 he graduated fron1 Yale College. He then studied law, bnt

His political life commenced in 1811, when he was elected county comn1issioner. In 1872, he was nominate~ by the Democrats to congress, to represent a strongly Re publican district, but was defeated. He reduced the Re publican majority so greatly, however, that he was again placed in the field and elected by a majority of eight votes. At the time he was put up, he was traveling with his fan1ily in Germany, Austria, the Tyrol and Switzerland. He at once came home to represent his district; but in 1875, went back, and after traveling through Northern Europe, ended his trip in Paris. His family went to· Ger many, and he came to Chicago only to be recalled by the death of his wife. While absent, he was reelected to con gress. In 1879, his name was first suggested for the ~Iay oralty, and in April following he was elected by a n1ajor ity of over 5,000, although the city had gone Republican the fall before by a majority of 7,800. In 1881, he was reelected by a n1ajority of 8,000, although the city went Republican the fall before by 4,00Q.. In this can1paign, not only the press but the pulpit was opposed to hin1. In 1883, he was reelected by an increased n1ajority. In the fall of 1884, iir. Harrison, in obedience to the peremptory demand of the Democratic party, was a candi date for Governor of the State of Illinois, but was defeated by Gov. Oglesby; the state being preponderatingly Re publican. lVIr. Harrison, however, succeeded in reducing the former n1ajority of 40,000 to 14,500. In the spring of 1885 he was reelected Mayor of Chicago.

THOMAS J. O'NEILL was born in Ireland. He came to America when 17 years of age. After the usual experience of an Irish im migrant, he drifted into journalism, and continued at that business until July, 1885, when he was appointed Mayor's Private Secretary, by Mayor Harrison. CHICAGO'S COUNCILS.

1837. -By the charter of 1837, the city was divided into six wards, and each was entitled to elect annually two aldermen, except the third and fifth wards, ·which were entitled to but one aldern1an each, until the year 1839. J., 0. Goodhue and ~7 rancis Shern1an, represented the first ward ; J. S. 0. Hogan and Peter Bolles the second ward; John D. Caton, the third ward; Asahel Pierce and Francis H. Taylor, the fourth ward; Bernard Ward, the fifth ward; and S. Jackson and Hi.ram Pierce the sixth ward. 1838. - E. B. ,villian1s and E. H. Hadduck, repre sented the first ward; John S. 0. I-Iogan and James Cur tiss, the second war

1841.-Charles Follansbee and John Davlin represented the first ward ; Jason McCord and Peter Page the second ward ; Ira Miltimore and Willian1 H. Stow the third ward ; Otis Snell and George "\V. Rogers the fourth ward; Henry L. Rucker and Samuel Grier the fifth ·ward ; and James L. Howe and George F. Foster the sixth ward. 1842~-Norn1an B. Judd and John Calhoun represented the first ward ; Caleb Morgan and Charles ~fcDonnell the second ward ; .Alson S. Sherman and Hamilton Barnes the third ward ; Daniel Elston and E. S. Chalmer the fourth ward ; Edward Carroll and George Brady the fifth ward ; and George O. Bryan and George "\V. Dole the sixth ward. 1843.-Hugh T. Dickey and Cyrenus Beers represented the :first ward ; Jason McCord and Charles Sauter the second ward ; A. Peck and Charles Taylor the third ,vard; John Murphy, Jr., and "\V. S. "\Varner the fourth ward ; Sa1nuel Grier and John Curver the fifth ward ; and George W. Dole and Joseph Maraback the sixth ·ward. 1844.-Asher Rossiter and John P. Chapin represented the first ward; William "\Vheeler and S. "\V. Taln1age the second ward; George Davis and Ira Miltin1ore the third ward; John Murphy, Jr., and James Poussard the fourth ward ; Elihu Granger and Thomas Brown the fifth ward; and B. S. Morris and M. Diversey the sixth ,-vard. 1845.-J. Y. Scamn1on and Thomas Church represented the first ·ward; R. P. Han1ilton and J. H. Woodworth the second wa1·d ; Francis Ed wards and Francis H. Tay lor the third ward ; Asahel Pierce and T. McDonough the fourth ward ; Elihu Granger and San1uel Grier the fifth ward; and M. D. Ogden and Richard 0. Ross the sixth ward. 1846.-George Manierre and Levi D. Boone represented the first ward ; N. H. Bolles and A. Smith the second 104 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. ward ; M. Kehoe and James Curtiss the third ward ; Jo seph Wilson and H. NicGee the fourth ward; Elihu Gran ger and Samuel Grier the fifth ward; and R. 0. Ross and W. M. Larrabee the sixth ward. The Act of 1847 created three more wards, and provi ded that two aldermen should be elected from each, who were divided into two classes by LOT. The second class held over, and, thereafter, one alderman was annually elected from each ward, and held his office for two years. During this year J. H. "\Voodworth and P. L. Updike rep rese~ted the first ward; Levi D. Boone and Isaac Speer the second ward; B. W. Raymond and J. "\V. Brinkerhoff the third ward ; Robert H. Foss and Charles McDonnell the fourth ward ; Thon1as James and John Sheriff the fifth ward; A. Pierce and A. Smith the sixth ward; Elihu Granger and 0. Sloan the sevei1th ward; "\V. B. Snowhook and James Lane the eighth ward; and "'\V. B. Ogden and Michael McDonald the ninth ward. 1848. -Edward Manierre, represented the first ward; H. L. Rucker, the second ward ; Willian1 Jones, the third ward; Robert H. Foss, the four-th ward; J. C. Haines, the fifth ward·; A. Pierce, the sixth ward; P. Turbot, the seventh ward; W. B. Herrick, the eighth ward; and San1nel NicKay, the ninth ward. . 1849. -Peter Page and R. 0. Bristol, represented the first ward; George vV. Snow, the second ward; William H. Adams, the third ward ; A. G. Throop, the fourth ward; E. J. Chapin, the fifth ward; J. E. Killick, the sixth ward ; · George Brady, the seventh ward ; H. R. Pay son, the eighth ward; and F. C. Hagerman, the ninth ward. 1850. -Peter Page, represented the first ward; I. L. Milliken, the second ward; S. J. Sherwood, the third ward ; Robert H. Foss, the fourth ward; John C. Haines, the fifth ward; G. vV. Wentworth, the sixth ward; Elihu CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 105

Granger, the seventh ward; John C. Dodge, the eighth ward; and R. J. Harr ilton, the ninth ward. 1851. -John Sears, Jr., represented the first ward; Hugh Maher, the senond ward; William Wheeler, the third ward; A. G. Thr0op, the fourth ward; J. L. James, the fifth ward ; Daniel Elston and Read A. Williams, the sixth ward; C. E. Moore, the seventh ward; Robert Malcom, the eighth ward; and F. C. Hagerman and W. L. New berry, the ninth ward. 1852. -Eli B. vVillian1s, represented the first ward; Isaac L. Milliken, the second ward; 0. J. Rose, the third ·ward; Charles McDonnell, the fourth ward; John 0. Haines, the fifth ward; T. B. Dwyer ancl A. 0. Ellithorpe~ the sixth ward; Ezra Tayler, the seventh ward_; A." J. Brown> the eighth ward; and John H. Kinzie, the ninth ward. The election in the sixth ward, between Ellithorpe and Dwyer, was contested by the latter, and the council ordered a special election, at which Aldern1an Dwyer was elected, after Ellithorpe had occupied a seat in the council for about a n1onth. 1853. -A. D. Taylor, represented the first ward; John Evans, the second ·ward; J. II. Gray, the third ward; ,Villiam Kennedy, the fourth ward; ,V. H. Scoville, the fifth ·ward; William Carpenter, the sixth ward; l\riichael O'Neill., the seventh ward ; F. A. Ho:ffn1an, the eighth ward ; and H. A. l\iiitchell, -the ninth ward. 1854. -Eli B. ,villiams, represented the first ward; Levi D. Boone, the second ward ; ,Villiam L. Church, the third ward; J.·C. Onthet, the fourth ward; J. D. Ward, the fifth ward; "\Villian1 Wayn1an, the sixth ward; Elihu Granger., the seventh ward; "\V. H. Stickney., the eighth ,vard; and lVIorgan L. Keith, the ninth ward. 1855. - Sylvester Sexton, represented the first ward ; T .' Allen ( two years) and R. 1\1. I-Iough ( one year) the sec ond ward; Lorenzo Fletcher, the third ward; William 106 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Colby, the :fourth ward; 0. N. Holden, the fifth ward; A. C. Ellithorpe, the sixth ward; J. L. Howe, the sev enth ward; Samuel Ashton, the eighth ward; and Samuel McKay, the ninth ward. 1856 .-James Long represented the first ward; L. A. Willard and O. Kendall, the second ward ; Calvin De W olf, the third ward; Samuel Myers, the fourth ward; Russell Green, the fifth ward; Henry Greenebaum and John Dempsey, the sixth ward; L. D. Larue; and O. L. Niehoff, the eighth ward; and Michael Diversey, the ninth ward. Mr. Kendall was elected in July, 1856, vi·ce Thomas Alle11 resigned. Mr. Niehoff., in June, vice Samuel ·Ash ton, resigned. 185 7. -This· year another ward was created. William Bross represented the first ward; 0. Kendall, the second ward ; H. Joy, the third ward; J. M. Kennedy, the fourth ward; A. Carter, the fifth ward; George Sitts, the sixth ·ward; John Dunlap, the seventh ward; C. ,vahl, the eighth ward; P. Conley, the ninth ward; D. Coughlin and J. Schn1idt, the tenth ward. 1858. -James Long, the first ward; Charles H. Ab bott and S. McOlevy, the second ward; L. J. North, the third ward; S. Meyers, the fourth ward; J. D. Ward, the fifth ward; J. Van Horn, the sixth ,vard; H. "\Vendt, the seventh ward; A. J. "'\Vright, the eighth ward; B. Oarpen .ter, the ninth ·ward; and A. Enzenbacher, the tenth ward. 1859. - J. K. Botsford, represented the first ward; Jacob Harris, the second wa1·d; F. Jones, the third ·ward; J. l\il. Kennedy, the fourth ward; L. B. Taft, the fifth ward; C. A. Reno, the sixth ward; J. Alston, the seventh warc1; 0. Wahl, the eighth ward; J. A. I-luck, the ninth ward, and John Comiskey, the tenth ward. 1860. -"\Villiam Colby represented the first ward;- J. M. lVIarshall, the second ward; H. Joy, the third ward; CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 107

S. Meyers, the fourth ward; Robert H. Foss, the fifth ward; J. W. Cobb, the sixth ·ward; G. S. Hubbard, the sevE;nth ward; R. Prindiville, the eighth ward; G. Perkins, the ninth ward; an~ M. McDonald, the tenth ward. 1861. -J. K. Botsford represented the first ward; J. Q. Hoyt, the second ward; A. D. Titsworth, the third ward; \V. Baragwanath, the fourth ward; C. 0. P. Holden, the ~£th ward; E. S. Solomon, the sixth ward; Alonzo Har vey, the seventh ward; W. G. White, the eighth ward; Robert Law, the ninth ward, and John Oon1iskey, the tenth ward. 1862.-John F. Edwards represented the first ward, Peter Shimp, the second ward; James A. Harper, the third ward; A. Schall, the fourth ward; W. A. Groves, the fifth ward; F. 0. Brown, the sixth ward; Jan1es Conlan, the seventh ward; 0. L. ,v oodn1an, the eighth ward; vV. T. Schnfeldt, the ninth ward, and R. Sheridan, the tenth ward. 1863.-The number of wards was increased to fifteen. A. D. Titsworth, represented the second ward; James II. Roberts and Stephen Barrett, the third ward; B. E. Gal lup, the fourth ward; Constantine Kann and Mark Sheri dan, the fifth ward; David Walsh and M. McDonald, the sixth ward; James E. Abbott and John Comiskey, the sev enth ward; Richard Clarke, the eighth ward; Mancel Tal cott, the ninth ,vard; George Hin1rod and 0. 0. P. Holden, the tenth ward; G. Von I-Iollen and L. L. Bond, the elev enth ward; W. Gastfield and Chris. Oassleman, the twelfth ward; J. 1\L Armstrong and David Alickner, the thirteenth ward; Valentine Rnh and Anton Hottinger, the fourteenth ward_, and Michael Sullivan, the fifteenth ward. Titsworth, Roberts, Gallup, Kann, vValsh, Abbott, Clark, Talcott, Hin1rod, Von Hollen, Gastfield, Armstrong, Ruh and Sul livan had two-year terms. 1864. -Sixteen wards. George W. Gage and Charles 108 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

D. Peacock, represented the first ward; Peter Sheimp, the second ward; Stephen Barrett, the third ward; Samuel McRoy, the fourth ward; Mark Sheridan, the fifth ward; John Wallwork, the sixth ward; Joseph Sherwin and John Comiskey, the seventh ward; Patiick Rafferty, the eighth ward; vVillard Woodard, the ninth ward; 0. 0. P. Holden, the tenth ward; L. L. Bond, the eleventh ward; N. W. Huntley, the twelfth ward; Mathias Franzen, the thirteenth ward; A. Hottinger, the fourteenth ·ward; Iver Lawson, the fifteenth ward, and 0. L. Woodn1an and J. J. O'Sullivan, the sixteenth ward. 1865.-J. 0. Knickerbocker, represented the first ward; William H. Carter, the second ward; Charles G. Wicker, the third ward; H. M. "\Vilmarth, the fourth ward; Con stantine Kann, the fifth ward; T. C. Hatch, the sixth ward; Avery l\{oore, the seventh ward; l\L L. Frisbie, the eighth ward; }Iancel Talcott, the ninth ,vard; Edn1und Bixby, the tenth ward; S. I. Russell, the eleventh ward; "\Villi am Gastfield, the twelfth ward; L. Proudfoot, the thirteenth ward; Valentine Ruh, the fourteenth ward; Samuel Shackford, the fifteenth ward, and Robert Clark, the sixteen th ward. 1866.-\Villian1 Cox, represented the first ward; 0. De W olf, the second ward; Stephen Barrett, the third ward; A. 0. Ca]kins, the fourth ward; ~I. Finucane, the fifth ward; J. \Valwork, the sixth ward; Max Schuler, the sev enth ward; P. Rafferty, the eighth ward; vV. "\Vooclard, the ninth ward; 0. C. P. Holden, the tenth ward; If. Ackoii, the eleventh ward; N. vV. Huntley, the twelfth ward; M. Franzen, the thirteenth ward; R. Engle, the fourteenth ward; Iver Lawson, the fifteenth ward, and J. J. O'Sullivan and M. O'Sullivan, the sixteenth ,vard. A.ld. J. J. O'Sullivan died Oct. 10, 1H66, and M. O'Sullivan was elected to fill the vacancy. 1867.-J. 0. Knickerbocker represented the first ward; CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 109

Arthur Dixon, the second ward; Charles G. Wicker, the third ward; Samuel McRoy, the fourth ward; John Raber, the fifth ward; David ,v alsh, the sixth ·ward; John Macal ister, the seventh ward; John Comiskey, the eighth ward; John H. Carpenter, the ninth ward; E. Bixby, the tenth ward; S. I. Russell, the eleventh ward; 0. Casselman and John Buehler, the twelfth ward; George T. Beebe, the thirteenth ward; Theodore Schintz, the fourteenth ward, Samuel Shackford, the fifteenth ward; and George B. Man sur, the sixteen th ward. Alderman Bixby died December 5, 1867, and Alvin Salisbury was elected to fill the vacancy. l868.-Willian1 Cox, represented first ward; P. 1\L Don nellan, the second ward; Stephen Barrett, of the third ward, died l\Iay 21, 1868, and James A. IIahn was elected to fill the vacancy; A. C. Calkins represented the fourth ward; Mark Sheridan, the fifth ward; Michael Keeley, the sixth ward; J. H. IIildreth, the seventh ward; P. Rafferty, the eighth ward; vV. Woodard, the ninth ward; Alvin Sal isbury and C. C. P. Holden, the te:Q.th wai·d; B. F. Rus sell, the eleve.nth ward; John Buehler, the twelfth ward; K. G. Schmidt, the thirteenth ward; Louis A. Berger, the fourteenth ward; John Herting, the fifteenth ·ward; and Edward Kehoe, the sixteenth ward. By the act passed lVIarch 10, 1869, by the General As sen1bly, the city was divided into twenty wards, and the time for the city election changed from April to Novem ber. The persons then in office held their respective positions until _the first Monday of December, 1869. 1869-70.-Richard Somers and William Cox represented the first ,vard; Arthur Dixon and P. M. Donnellan, the second ward; Joseph A. Montgomery and James A. Hahn, the third ward; John H. McAvoy and A. C. Calkins, the fourth ward; George S. ,vhitaker and Peter Daggy, the fifth ward; William rrracy, 1v!ark Sheridan and Daniel J.10 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Heenan, the sixth ward; William Batterman and P. J. Hickey, the seventh ward; Williarn S. Powell and James H. Hildreth, the eighth ward; George Powell and John Comiskey, the ninth ward; Thon1as Wilce and 0. 0. P. Holden, the tenth ward; James '1Valsh and B. F. Russell, the eleventh ward; Samuel l\icOotter and "\Villard Woodard, the twelfth ward; James L. Campbell and A. D. Robinson, the thirteenth ward; P. B. Shiel and B. G. Gill, the four teenth ward; James J. McGrath and John Buehler; the fifteenth ward; James D. Tyler and K. G. Schmidt, the sixteenth ward; Theodore Schintz and Louis A. Berger, the ,seventeenth ward; Thomas Carney and A.. Bengley, the eighteenth ward; James Macauley and John Herting, the nineteenth ward; and 1\!I. A. Divine and Edward Kehoe, the twentieth ward. Mark Sheridan resigned, and Daniel Heenan was elected Jan 8, 1870. 1870-71.-J. J. Knickerbocker and Richard Somers rep resented the first ·ward; Joseph E. Otis and Arthur Dixon,. the second ward; Daniel Ooey and Joseph A. Montgon1ery, the third ward; · Harvey M. Thompson and John H. McAvoy, the fourth ,vard; Peter Daggy and George S. Whitaker, the fifth ward; Michael Schn1itz and Willian1 Tracy, the sixth ward; P. J. Hickey and William Bat terman, the seventh ward; Michael B. Bailey and '1Villian1 S. Powell, the eighth ,vard; ,v. B. Bateham and George Powell, the ninth ward; 0 . 0. P. Holden and Thon1as ·Wilce, the tenth ward; Herman 0. Glade and James Walsh, the eleventh ward; Henry Whitbeck and Sainuel l\icOotter, the twelfth ward; S _ S. Gardner and James L. Oan1pbell, the thirteenth ward; B. G. Gill and P. B. Shiel, the fourteenth ward; John Buehler and James J. l\'1cGrath, the :fifteenth ward; K. G. Schmidt and James D. Tyler, the sixteenth ward; Louis Schaffner and Theodore Schintz, the seventeenth ward; John McOaffery and Thomas Carney, the eighteenth ward; William M. Clarke and CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 111

James McCauley, the nineteenth ward; and Gustavus A. Busse and M. A. Devine, the twentieth ward. 1871-72.-0hauncey T. Bowen and John J. Knicker bocker represented the first ward; Arthur Dixon and Jo seph E. Otis, the second ward; John ~IcGenniss and David Ooey., the third ward; John H. Mc Avoy and Harvey M. Thon1pson, the fourth ward; R. B. Stone and Peter Daggy, the fifth ward; "\Villiam Tracy and Michael Schmitz, the. sixth ward; Edward F. Oullerton and P. J. Hickey, the seventh ward; J. Olowry and M. B. Bailey, the eighth ward;. George Powell and "\Villian1 B. Bateham, the ninth ward; Lester L. Bond and 0. 0. P. Holden, the tenth ward; Henry Sweet and H. 0. Glade and T. T. Verdier, the eleventh ward; 11onroe Heath and I-Ienry Whitbeck, the twelfth ward; George "\V. Sherwood and S. S. Gardner, the thirteenth ward; S. E. Cleveland and B. G. Gill., the· fourteenth ward; J. J. McGrath and John Buehler, the fifteenth ward; Thomas Stout and K. G. Schmidt., the sixteenth ward; Jacob Lengacher and Louis Schaffner, the seventeenth ward; Thomas Carney and John McOaffrey, the eighteenth ward; ~Iahlen D. Ogden and William M. Clarke, the nineteenth ward; and Charles L. Wood man and G. A. Busse, the twentieth ward. 1872-73 .--"\Villiam H. Richardson and Chauncey T. Bowen represented the first ward; Francis W. Warren and Arthur Dixon, the second w~rd; David Ooey and John W. 1IcGennis, the third ward; George H. Sid well and John II. lVIcAvoy, the fourth ward; A. H. Pickering and R. B. Stone, the fifth ward; ~Iichael Schmitz and William Tracey., the sixth ward; P. l\{cOlory and E. F. Cullerton, the seven th ward; :WI. B . Bailey and Jeremiah Clo wry, the eighth ward; James O'Brien and George Powell, the ninth ward; David ,v. Clarke, jr., and L. L. Bond, the tenth ward; P. Kehoe and Henry Sweet, the eleventh ward; A. F. ~liner and Monroe Heath., the twelfth ward; A very 112 THE POLITICAL IIISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

]\ioore and George W. Sherwood, the thirteenth ward; Bart Quirk and S. E. Cleveland, the fourteenth ward; N. Eckhart and James J. McGrath, the :fifteenth ward; Peter l\ilahr and Thon1as W. Stout, the sixteenth ward; Louis Schaffner and Jacob Lengacher, the seventeenth ward; Thomas Cannon and Thomas Carney, the eighteenth ward; Michael Brand and M. D. Ogden, the nineteenth ward; and John T. Corcoran and C. L. · Woodman, the twentieth ward. 1873-74.-William H. Richardson and Thomas Foley represented the first ward; Arthur Dixon and F. \V. Warren, the second ward; Willian1 Fitzgerald and David Coey, the third ward; Jesse Spaulding and George H. Sid well, the fourth ward; R. B. Stone and A. H. Pickering, the fifth ward; Philip Reidy and J.\iI. Schmitz, the sixth ward; E . F . Cullerton and P. McOlory, the seven th ward; Jan1es H. Hildreth and ~I. B: Bailey, the eighth ward; Thomas H. Bailey and Jan1es O'Brien, the ninth ward; C . L. Woodman and D. vV. Clarke, jr., the ten th ward; George E. \Vhi te and P. Kehoe, the eleventh ward; Monroe Heath and A. F. Miner, the t,velfth ,vard; James L. Campbell and A very Moore, the thirteen th ward; S . E. Cleveland and Bart. Quirk, the fourteenth ward; J. J. J.\iicGrath and M. Ryan and N. Eckhardt, the fifteenth ·ward; Thomas W. Stout" aind Peter Mahr, the sixteenth ward; Jacob Lengacher and Louis Schaffner, the seven teenth ward; David Murphy and Thon1as Cannon, the eighteenth ward; Thomas Lynch and Michael Brand, the nineteenth_ ward; and Julius Jonas and J. T. Corcoran, the twentieth ward. J. J. McGrath resigned June 22, 1873, and M. Ryan was elected to fill vacancy. 1874-'75.-"\Villiam 1-I. Richardson and rrhomas Foley represented the first ward; F. ,v. Warren and .Arthur Dix on the second ward ; David Coey and William Fitzgerald the third ward ; Rensselaer .Stone and Jesse Spaulding CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 113 the fourth ward ; Thomas C . Clark and R. B. Stone the :fifth ward; Fred Sommer and Philip Reidy the sixth ward ; P. lVIcClory and E. F. Cullerton the seventh ward; P. C. lvicDonald and James H. IIilclreth the eighth ward; J an1es O'Brien and Thon1as I-I. Bailey the ninth ward ; D. ,v. Clarke, Jr., and C. L. vVoodn1an, the tenth ward; S. F. Gunderson and George E. White the eleven th ward; ~!\... N. \V atterman and ~f onroe IIeath the twelfth ward; 0. II. Case and Jan1es L. Can1pbell the thirteenth ward; Bart Quirk and S. E. Cleveland the fourteenth ward ; N. Eckhardt and lvI. Ryan the fifteenth ·waTd ; Peter :Yiahr and Thomas "\V. Stout, the sixteenth ward ; Louis Schaff ner and Jacob Lengacher the seventeenth ward; NI. Swee ny and ])avid ~Iurphy the eighteenth warcl ; ,Villian1 B. Dickinson and Thon1as Lynch the nineteenth ward ; ancl John T. Corcoran and Julius Jonas the twentieth ward. Under the new law of 1875, the city was divided into eighteen wards, and persons holding offices that year held over until May, 18-'76. 187G. - John T. Th'.Ic ..A.uley and D. Ir. Pearsons repre sented the first ward; Jacob Rosenberg and Addison Bal lard, the second ,vard ; John L. Thompson and Willian1 Aldrich, the third ,vard ; John ,v. Stewart and James If. Gilbert, the fourth ward; Fred Son1mer and lviark Sheri dan, the fifth ward; Edward F. Cullerton and Fred Lod ding, the sixth ward; Jan1es· If. 1-Iildreth, Charles Tar now, and I-Ienry Kerber, the seventh ward; Frank Lawler and James O'Brien, the eighth ward; John ·van Osdel and Jacob Beidler, the ninth war

Lengacher, the sixteenth ward; M. Sweeney and David Murphy, the seventeenth ,vard; and James A. Kirk and Jacob Bozer, the eighteenth ward. At the election of this year Thomas Hoyne was duly de clared elected Mayor. But Mr. · Colvin, the incumbent,. refused to yield possession of his office on the plea that he was entitled to "hold over." Both appealed to the courts and the result was a failure of each of the contestants. to sustain his position. The council ordered a special e.lec tion, and l\!Ionroe Heath was elected Mayor July 12, 1876 .. 1877.-D. K. Pearsons and J. T. McAuley represented the· first ward; Addison Ballard and Jacob Rosenberg, the second ward; Eugene Cary and John L. Thompson, the third ward; James H. Gilbert and John \V. Stewart, the fourth ward; John D. Tully and Fred Sommer, the fifth ward; Fred Lodding and E. F. Oullerton, the sixth ward; IIenry I{erber and Charles Tarnow, the seventh ward; R. l\L Oliver and Frank Lawler, the eighth ward;. Jacob Beidler and J. l\L Van Osdel, the ninth ward; M. McNur ney and George E. '\Vhite, the tenth ward; A. B. Cook and A. G. Throop, the eleventh ward; S. G. Seaton and James T. Rawleigh, the twelfth ~ard; I-I. P. Thompson and William Wheeler, the thirteenth ward; M. Ryan and John Baumgarten, the fourteenth ward; Frank Niesen and A. W. )Valdo, the fifteenth ward; M. Schweisthal and ·F. Lin senbarth, the sixteenth ward; Bernard Janssens and M. Sweeney, the seventeenth ward; and J. H. B. Daly and James A. Kirk, the eighteenth ward. At the election of April 3, 1877, Hildreth received the greatest number of vot~s cast, but ·was declared ineligible. John Riordan con tested the election, having received the next greatest num ber of votes. The contest not ending in the year, Henry Kerber held the seat until April, 1878. 1878-79.-D. K. Pearsons and M. F. Tuley represented the first ward; A. Ballard and P. Sanders, the second ward; CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 115

Eugene Cary and 0. B. Phelps, the third ward; James H_ Gilbert and H. E. Mallory, the fourth ward; J. D. Tully and George Turner, the fifth ward; Fred Lodding and E_ F. Oullerton, the sixth ward; John Riordan and John McNally, the seventh ward; R. M. Oliver and Frank Law ler, the eighth ward; Jacob Beidler and J. M. Smyth, the ninth ward; M. McNurney and John Eiszner, the tenth ward; A. B. Cook and A. G. Throop, the eleventh ward; S E. Saton and Jan1es T. Rawleigh, the twelfth ward; H. P. Thompson and A. 0. Knopf, the thirteenth ward; M. Ryan and F. Stauber, the fourteenth ward; Frank Niesen and A. W. Waldo, the fifteenth ward; M. Schweis thal and P. S . vV etterer, the sixteen th ward; B . J anssens and John McOaffrey, the seventeenth ward; J. H. B. Daly and Julius Jonas, the eighteenth ward. 1879-80 .-Arthur Dixon and Swayne Wickersham rep resented the first ward; P. Sanders and A. Ballard, the second ward; 0. B. Phelps and John M. Clark, the third ward; H. E. Mallory and A. Grannis, the •fourth ward; George Turner. and M. ~IcAuley, the fifth ward; E. F. Oullerton and J. J. Altpeter, the sixth ward; John Mc N ally and John Riordan, the seventh ward; Frank Lawler and Thomas Purcell, the eighth ward; J. M. Smyth and James Peevy, the ninth ward; John Eiszner and M. Mc N urney, the· ten th ward; George B . Swift and A. G. Throop, the eleventh ward; James T. Rawleigh·and _J. D. Everett, the twelfth ward; A . 0 . Knopf and H. P. Thompson, the thirteenth ward; F. A. Stauber and R. Lorenz, the fourteenth ward; A. vV. vValdo and A. Meyer, the fifteenth ward; P. vVetterer and Chris. lVIeier, the six teenth ward; John McOa:ffrey and E. P. Barrett, the sev enteenth ward; and Julius Jonas and 1.N. G. McCormick, the eighteenth ward. Wickersham was elected Sept. 24, 1879, to succeed M. F. Tuley, who resigned. 1880-81.-Arthur Dixon and Swayne Wickersham repre- 116 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. sented the first ward; Addison Ballard and P. Sanders, the second ward; John 11. Clark and D. L. Shorey, the third ·ward; A. Grannis and ,villiam \V. \Vatkins, the fo11rth ward; M. l\iicAuley and E. P .. Burke, the fifth ward; J. J. Altpeter and E. F. Cullerton, · the sixth ward; John Riordan and J an1es II. Hildreth, the seventh ward ; Thon1as Purcell ancl Frank Lawler, the eighth ward; J an1es Peevey and John M. Smyth, the ninth ward; ir. McN urney and IL Schroeder, the tenth ward ; George B. Swift and Thon1as N. Bond, the eleventh ward; J. J). Everett and Alvin I-Iulbert, the twelfth ward .~ H. P. Thompson and 0. l\iL Brady, the thirteenth ward; R. Lorenz and F. A. Stauber, the fourteenth ward; Adnn1 Meyer and \Villiam S. Y onng, Jr., the fifteenth ward ; Chris. l\iieier and ....t\..nton In1hoff, the sixteenth ward ; E. P. Barratt and John 1Inrphy, the seventeenth ward; and W. G. ~1:cCormick and A. H. Burley, the eighteenth ward. 1881-2.-Arthur Dixon and Swayne \V ickersham, rep resented the first ward; Patrick Sanders and Jan1es T. Appleton, the second ward; D. L. Shorey and 0. B. Phelps, the third ward; 0. D. ,vetherell and vV. \V. ,vatkins, the fourth ward; Edward P. Burke and IIenry F. Sheridan, the fifth ward; Edward F. Cullerton and J. J. Altpeter, the sixth ward ; J an1es IL IIilclreth and John .Riordan, the seventh ward; Frank Litwler and rrho1nas Purcell, the eighth ward; John N. Smyth and J a111cs Peevy, the ninth ward·; Henry Schroeder and Daniel N el son, the tenth ward; Thomas N. Bond ancl rrhaddens Dean, the eleventh ward; Alvin Hulbert and Joseph D. Everett, the twelfth ward; 0. 11. Brady and J an1es l\:L "\Vanzer, the thirteenth ward; Frank A. Stauber and Clemens llirsch, the fourteenth ward ; ,v. S. Young, Jr., and Adan1 Meyer, the fifteenth ward ; Anton In1hof and Chris. Meier, the sixteenth ward; John 11:urphy and CHIC.A.Go's COUNCILS. 117

Edward P. Barrett. the seventeenth ward, and A. H. Burley and Frank 1\'1. Blair, the eighteenth ward. 1882-83 .-Arthur Dixon an

and A. J. Sullivan, the seventeenth ward; J. E. Geohegan and Willian1 R. Manierre, the eighteenth ward. 1884-85 .-Arthur Dixon nnd '\V. P. ,vhelan represented the first ward; Patrick Sanders and James ~r. Appleton, the second ·ward; D. L. Shorey and Charles ,v. Drew, the third ward; Thomas C. Clarke and O. D. \Vetherell, the fourth ward; E. P. Burke and I-Ienry T. Sheridan, the fifth ward; Ed. F. Cullerton and C. F. L. Doerner, the sixth ward; J. H. Hildreth and Joseph ~I. vV eber, the seventh ward; Frank Lawler and R. F. Sheridan, the eighth W?,rd; vVil lian~ F. Mahoney and John Gaynor, the ninth ward; M. McNurney and Stephen P. H,evere, the tenth ward; T. N. Bond and Samuel Sin1ons, the eleventh ward; J. L. Can1p bell and vValter· S. I-lull, the twelfth ward; John E. Dal ton and John vV. Lyke, the thirteenth ward; Michael Ryan and Frank Schack, the fourteenth ward; "\Villian1 S. Young, Jr., and \Villian1 Eisfeldt, Jr., the fifteenth ward; John Ii. Colvin and I-Ienry Severin, the sixteenth ward; John Sweeney and John A. Linn, the seventeenth ward; and John T. Noyes and Willian1 R. Manierre, the eigh teenth ward. ARTHUR DIXON. The senior alderman of the first ward has succeeded himself repeatedly in the City Council. 1-Ie was born in Fermanaugh county, Ireland, in 1838, and locat1ng in Pittsburgh, Pa., at the age of fifteen went to farming. In 1860 he came to Chicago, and worked as a porter in a gro cery store. Shortly after he con1menced teaming and he is engaged· in the ·san1e business today on an extensive scale. · Mr. Dixon has been very successful politically. In 1870 he was elected to the General Assembly, where he dis tinguished himself by his efforts in the one-n1ill tax matter on special assessn1ents and in the alleged Springfield clique question. Among the pron1inent positions he has held he has been elected to the national executive committee, by CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 11~ the Irish Republican Convention, and was afterward made treasurer thereof;· has been placed on the Republican ex ecutive co1nmittee, and selected a member of the Irish Lit erary Society. W. P. WHELAN. The jovial and easy-going colleague of Arthur Dixon is a Chicago boy. He first saw the light of day in the old Lake House, at the corner of Rush and South ""\Vater streets, Dec. 9, 1850. I--Ie has always taken an active part in politics, was elected to the City Council, April., 1884, and reelected under the new election law. 1\1:r. Whelan is ~ngaged in the liquor business on Clark street.

J A:.\IES T. APPLETON. J an1es T. Appleton, of the second ward, enjoys the proud distinction of being the only man in the council elected fron1 the ward in which he was born. He is now thrity-eight years of age, but looks rr1uch younger. The alderman's n1other was in Chicago as early as 1833, and today speaks of Indian 111assacres as if the:r took place only yesterday. Iv.Iarrying a pioneer in July, 1833, she originally located on the North Branch, but eventually located about 1838 in the ward her son now~ represents. She knows every foot of that district. Alder man Appleton at the outbreak of the war enlisted and served with distinction for :four years with the Tenth Illi nois Cavalry, pa:i.ticipating in many hot engagements un der Generals Banks and Steele in Arkansas and Missouri. As a carrier of ~dispatches his experience was many times thrilling and quite frequently amusing, time and again passing among the confederates as one of their number. He narrowly escaped capture at Milliken's Bend and Little Rock in company with a relative and companion despatch carrier, John L. Haslett. He was here shot through the coat collar. ~or years he has been prominent in the 120 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. councils of the Democracy. I-Ie was spoken of at one time for County Commissioner, . but withdrew in favor of Colonel Oleary who was elected.

GEORGE MUELLER. Mr. Mueller of the second ward, whose campaign against Patrick Sanders furnished considerable amusement, is a native of Denmark, and was born in 1846. He is pro prietor of a hotel on State street and also owns a saloon.

CHARLES ,v. DREW·. The alderman representing the third ward was born in Cato; Cayuga County, New York, .A.pril 19, 1835. He is a war veteran, having served four years for the Union with the gallant 75th N e,Y York Volunteers. l\Ir. Drew is a thorough military man, and his services were recognized by pron1otion to a brigadier generalship before he left the arn1y. DAVID H. GILE. David H. Gile, of the third ward, was born near Bangor, Maine, in 1836. He was educated in Lowell, }Iassachusetts., He was the first n1an to join Barker's Dragoons in 1861 in Chicago. He joined the fourth Illinois OaYalry as a lieutenant and had a horse shot under hin1 at Cha1npion Hills. He raised one hundred and eighty 111en for the Union service in this city. He is heavily interested in real estate. He was elected independently under the new election law. OSCAR D. "WETHERELL. The dignified Republican aldennan fr.om the fourth ward in the_ City Council is a well-known hunber n1erchant, and is at present doing a flourishing business on "\V ood street near Blue Island avenue. Ile was born in Bath, New Han1pshire, in 1834. In 1853 he ca1ne to Chicago and has been engaged in the lumber traffic ever since. CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 121

THOMAS C. CLARKE. Thomas Cordis Clarke, alderman of the fourth ward, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, June 6, 1843. On leaving school he entered the hardware and iron trade and has been engaged in that business up to date, except when in the army., which he entered as a private in Oon1pany B, Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers. · His record was one of the best in the service, as several promotions follow ing in quick succession an1ply attested. I-le was mustered out as ordnance officer of the '11hircl division of the Fifth army corps with the rank of major. In 1863 Alderman Clarke can1e to Chicago and estab lished hirnself in the hardware and iron trade. His busi ness record was so excellent, and his personal bearing so pleasant, that he soon won the respect and confidence of the public. He was elected a n1en1ber of the City Council from the fifth ward November 3, 1874, by a majority of 596. On April 1, 1884, he was elected by a majority of 361 to represent the fourth ward, formerly the fifth. Alder-· man Clarke is a 1nern ber of the con1mittee on licenses~ printing and streets and alleys for the South Division. He was reelected under the new election law.

HENRY F. SHERIDAN. Henry F. SI1eridan, of the fifth, is serving his third term in the City Council, and is Chairn1an of the Oon1n1it tee on Fire and \Vater. I-f e is a cooper by trade and trans acts a most ren1unerative business. If e was born Dec. 15, 1847, in "\Ve,.xford, Ireland, and can1e to An1erica when very young. I-le has served in the General Assen1bly of Illinois and is well versed in parlian1entary tactics. Al clern1an Sheridan is a very popular man. He was the De1nocratic non1inee in the Second Congressional District when John F. Finerty was elected to Congress on an inde pendent ticket. Both gentlen1en are strong Irish ~ation- 122 THE POlITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. alists, and ran in a district which was conceded to be Irish. CHAS. HILLOCK. Elected under the new ele~tion law, in the fifth ward, Mr. Hillock has a strong following. He does a large sash, door and blind business at 2715 and 2717 Main street. I-Ie was born in Armagh, Ireland, in 1836, and has been a hard worker ever since he was 14 years of age. He is a con tented bachelor. C. F. L. DOERNER. rhe junior Alderman of the sixth ward was born in Nassau, in the Province of Hessen-Nassau, Prussia., in 1851. The fan1ily came to Chicago when the future Alderman was :five years of age, the father en1barking in the lumber business. On the death of the old gentlen1an the Alder n1an established a wine and liquor trade on Canalport av enue. Since 1882 he has n1anifested a lively interest in politics, swearing by the Den1ocratic colors in the air or in the dust. Ile ran in 1881 for the aldern1anship, but was defeated. In the Spring of 1883, however,. he was elected by a sweeping majority. The Aldern1an is ex ceedingly popular with the younger elen1ent in politics. He was reelected.

ED"\V ARD F. CULLERTON. Edward F. Cullerton, who represents the sixth ward in the City Council, is recognized as one of the n1ost ex pert political tacticians. I-Ie is undoubtedly a great work er; and a shrewd one, taking good care to get a lion's share of the appropriations. The Council proceedings attest this fact· thoroughly. Ald. Cullerton was born in Chicago in 1842, was educated in the public schools, and when he attained his n1ajority had most encouraging prospects ahead of him. Old canal men remen1ber Cullerton ,vell, and are not slow in speaking flatteringly of his earl_y industry. CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 12~3

He was a most successful hotel-keeper, but seemed to have found his sphere in the political arena. He is the hero of many a political fight, where the odds were apparently against him. In 1871 he was elected by a very large n1a j ority. In 1872 he· was elected to the Legislature and dis tinguished himself in the opposition to the West Side Park Conunissioners' taxation scheme and became an adept in parlian1entary usage. He has been repeatedly elected to the City Council. The immense in1provement in the southwestern district since Cullerton took hold of it is a grand tribute to his relentless energies. He is Chairman of the Finance Committee.

JOSEPH ll. ·wEBER. The junior Aldern1an of the seventh ·ward, was born May 14, 1853, at Brooklyn, N. Y. IIe can1e to Chicago in the spring of 1856. I-Ie attended the Holy Family school, the public schools, and finally graduated at Dyren furth college. IIe was first a n1essenger in the German National Bank, became a book-keeper for a wholesale house, was a n1anufacturer for awhile, and :finally drifted into his present occupation as a comn1ission dealer in the sale of dresed beef, hogs, 1nutton and veal, at which he has been very successful. An election in the seventh ward is no s111all enterprise, as there is always lots of timber in the market. The ward is claimed by the Irish Den1ocrats, yet it. is not so long ago that two German Republicans were elected there, Kerber and Tarnow. Weber is a Republi can. John Riordan, Chairman of the Con1mittee on Police in the City Council at that time, and l\iessrs. Brady, grocer, corner of Blue Island and Center avenues and Car roll, grocer, corner of Ashland avenue and ,vest Four teenth street, were in the field with ,v-eber. Mr. Weber was elected in April, 1885. 124 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

JAMES H. HILDRETH. James Henry Hildreth, senior Alderman of the seventh ward, was born in Chester County, lVIassachusetts, July 8, 18~0, and is of genuine American descent. After far1n ing a time in Will county, he came to Chicago and went to work as a conductor upon the line of the North Chicago City Railway. He soon left this for an appointn1ent as Grain Inspector for the Board of Trade. In 1862 he pro ceeded to the front with the Board of Trade battery, and was present at the capture of Jefferson Davis. Hildreth, on his return fron1 the war, resumed his position on the Board of Trade. When the great fire of 1871 was raging in Chicago, he in1n1ortalized himself as the leader of a powder brigade. Through showers of sparks and clouds of suffocating s1noke, he caused to tre111ble the Union :Na tional Bank, and S1nith and Nixon's, and razed to the ground the north west and son th west corners of ,v ashing ton street. I-Ie was reelected under the new election law.

RED)IOND F. SHERIDAN. Mr. Shf'riclan, who is but twenty-six years of age, was swept into the Council by an overwheln1ing vote, having been non1inatecl by the Y onng Den1ocracy. This in the face of the fa,ct, that Thonuts Purcell, an aldern1an · at the time, and one of the oldest residents and business n1en of that section, ancl Lawrence Yore, the popular n1ilk-clealer, -were in the field. It may be stated here that one of the greatest in~uences in this can1paign was exerted by Ber nard Roesing, of the extensive brewing finn of Bartholon1ae & Roesing, northeast corner of Twelfth and Brown streets. Rechnond F. Sheridan is the son of Redn1ond Sheri dan, deceased, who was Alderman in 1859 of the old tenth ward, resigned in 1860 to organize the Ninetieth Illi nois ·volunteers, served with honor until the close of the CHICAGO}S COUNCILS. 125

war, and was Clerk of the Twelfth Street Police Court at the tin1e of his den1ise. The Aldern1an's sister is Mother Superior of the Convent of· the Sacred Heart~ that ad1nir able institution at the corner of \Vest Taylor and Throop streets, and his bl'other }?rank succeeded his father as Clerk of the Twelfth Street Police Court. A.lderman Sheridan was born in Chicago December 12, 1859, and was educated in the public schools, Dyrenfurth College and the . Holy Fan1ily School. For ten years he was employed in 1nany positions of trust by Henry H. Shu feldt, distiller, and is at present a wholesale liquor dealer. In politics he has always been an iron-clad but consistent Den1ocrat, and though a young 1nan he is far removed fro1n being a, novice in political methods, having served in the Thirty-third General Assembly of Illinois with prom inence. He was elected Alderman in the spring of 1885.

LA \VRENCE A. YORE. This gentleman is the hero of a great trinn1ph in the Eighth ward.. He knocked out the Den1ocratic machine in great shape. He defeated John Long, the regular Democratic non1inee and can thank ,villiam ~IcCarthy the coal man, a great deal for his victory. The friends of James l\ifcCann, the printer, and Matt l\f urphy, the ex representative were also very active. His career in the Council up to date has been .signalized by the introduction of an ordinance refusing employn1ent to n1en who have not become citizens of the United States of America. He is a forcible speaker and at times quite eloquent. Mr. Yore was born in 1844 at the corner of Lake and Franklin street, Chicago, and belongs to a numerous and respacted :family. W'ILLIAM F. :MAHONY. This gentleman was elected May 13, 1884, at a special election by a preponderating vote to ~11 the unexpired 126 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

term of .Aldern1an John Foley, of the ninth who died, a victim to consumption. I-Ie was nominated by the Den10- crats, and the Republicans norninated nobody against him. William Francis .Th-fahony was born February 22, on West Jackson street, in Chicago,aln1ost directly opposite to where he has transacted a, iiourishing grocery business for the last fifteen years. l\tir. Mahony owes his election to the fact that he was born, educated, and grew up in the ward and made friends as he went along in life. He is essentially no politician. One of the most representative Den1ocrats in this ward is Peter Kearns, street inspector. 'rhis gentlen1an was born in Boorfield, Roscommon county, Ireland, October 23, 1832.. He took a prominent part in the l\'Iahony campaign. J. R. ,vHEELER. Elected in the ninth ward under the new election law to succeed John Gaynor, who succeeded ~is brother Michael, who was killed by J an1es Dacey, Mr. Wheeler was called a deacon by his political opponents during the campaign. The gentleman says he is not a deacon, but allows that he is a passable church n1en1ber. He was born in 1827 in Chenango County, N. Y., and served as a school con1missioner and as a supervisor for two terms. Remov ing to Chicago, he engaged in real estate and is no,v iden-: tified with railroad interests.

STEPHEN P. REVERE. The Alq.erman from the tenth ward, was born July 28, 1856, in San Andreas, Calaveras county, California, and c~n1e to Chicago ~n 1865. He is a carriage-maker by trade, but is engaged at present in the wine and spirits business at 258 vVest Lake street. He was elected in the spring of 1885, and his majority over James vValsh, who was an Alderman at the time, is estimated at 342. The tenth CHICAG07S COUNCILS;.. 127 ward is Senator George E. White's old stamping ground,. and that this gentleman thre-w his influence into the fight in favor of Mr. Revere -is pretty generally conceded. Revere seems to be popular with the workers in this section of the city, and his friends predict great things for him.

H. M. DEAL. This gentleman, who succeeded Mr. McNurney in the tenth ward, is a Republican, and engaged extensively in the real-estate business.

SAMUEL SIMONS. The Alderman from the eleventh ward, is a large manu facturer of printer's furniture and railroad ticket cases, and has been engaged in the business in Chicago for the lest twenty-five years. lVIr. Simons was born in London, England, in 1837. He came to America in 1853 and located in New York City. In 1855 he came to Chicago, and for five years followed his trade as a carpenter and joiner. From that he. drifted into his present business.

SAMUEL KERR. Elected under the new election law in the eleventh ward, ~1r. Kerr ·was born in McHenry county, Illinois, went to Portage, ,visconsin, and graduated from Columbia; College. He is an attorney.

WALTER S. HULL .. Representing the twelfth ward in the City Council, Alderman Hull is an attorney, commanding an extensive practice. He was "horn in Industry, J)hio, March 13, 1847, and probably inheritecl his political instincts from his father, who served his state as a Senator. Alderman Hull graduated from Yale College in 1870, and was admit ted to the bar in 1874.- He: ran ahead of his ticket when 128 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. elected from the twelfth. It may be added that Mr. Hull's father was Colonel of the Thirty-seventh Indiana, and died from the effects of a wound received at the battle of Stone River. Aldern1an Hull is a member of the Com mittee on Judiciary, Police and Pi·inting.

J. L. CAMPBELL. Alderman Campbell was born in Livingston county, N. Y., and came to Illinois at the age of nineteen, settling in Elgin. I-le was educated in Iowa University, in Lafayette, an~ has practiced law ever since. Ile transacts an extens ive real estate business also. · "\Vhen the question was agitated of organizing Montana Territory, Alderrnan Campbell first became a public man. He was invited to represent that region in congress, but was intercepted by a horde of Indians while en rouie to the locality. He ·was first elected Alderman in 1869. I-Ie was repeatedly elected.

JOHN "\Y. LYKE. The senior Aldern1an of the thirteenth ward is a flourishing grain and co1nmission merchant. He was born in Schoharie, New York, in 1836, and after some years spent in Oswego, came to Chicago. He worked for a~ little as seventy-five cents per day on the "raging canal," and soon rose to the proud position of Captain of a canal boat. The early life of Alderman Oullerton, by the by, was also spent on the canal. During the fire of 1871 Aldern1an Lyke was in Havana, Ill., but he quickly hur ried _to the relief of the destitute of Chicago, with almost a million bnshels~f wheat. Many prominent citizens of today ren1ember with great gratitude his magnanimity during those trying days. Aldern1an Lyke is a member of the Committee on Fire and '\Vater and Streets and .Alleys of the "\Vest Division and Bridewell. CHICAGO'S COUNCILS. 129

JAMES A. LANDON. Elected under the new_ election law, in the thirteenth ward, l\1:r. Landon pursues the even tenor of his way in Room 27, 84 LaSalle street. I-Ie is unquestionably no pol itician, it being only after the n1ost earnest solicitation that he decided to run. I-Ie was born in 1841, near l\ians field, Tioga County, Pennsylvania. He was a schoolteacher and farn1er; joined the One I{undred and Sixth Pennsyl vania in 1861, and was Captain of Oon1pany B of the One Hundred and Fifty-third Illinois. Ile was wounded at Gettysburg. FRANK SCH_.\..CK. The junior Aldern1an of the fourteenth ward, Frank Schack, was born in Lannburg, Gern1any, in 1836, and attended the comn1on school of his native place. When he made Chicago his hon1e at the age of thirty, J1e had traveled through the principal cities of the Old World and encountered the whin1s of all nationalities in his occupa tion as a hotel clerk. In con1pany with Messrs. Eckart & Buehler, he transacted a flourishing wine and liquor trade at 78 La Salle street, but he eventually entered the real estate and insurance business, and in this remunerative occupation he is interested at present. He stands high, especially among the Germans. D. ·w. RYAN. This gentleman as a Republican, succeeds Michael Ryan, a Democrat, and a very strong one in the fourteenth ward. D. W. · Ryan is a Union veteran, and is the owner of an extensive coopering establishment. '\VILLIA}I EISFELDT, JR •. The Alderman from the fifteen th ward was born in the city of Madgeburg, in the Prussian province of Saxonia, February 13, 1852. Arriving here when but a mere infant, 9 130 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

our subject adopted .....\.merica for his future home, it is true; but he still preserves in his character a deep respect for all those who hail from his mother country. He has been twice elected to the City Council. He is a liquor dealer. JOSEPH H. ERNST. This gentleman· succeeds Alderman Young in the fifth teenth ward, and is a very popul~J· Gern1an-American, who by hard work has made a n1ost durable record for himself in Chicago. He is an extensive real-estate dealer.

HENRY SEVERIN. Aldern1an Severin., of the sixteenth ward, was born in J\iorlaw, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Ger many, February 14, 1847. He has lived in Chicago since 1854. Mr. Severin was a Health Inspector at one time, and is now chief bailiff of the Criminal Court o:f Cook County. He is a valuable officer.

JOHN H. COLVIN. John H. Colvin, Alderman of the sixteenth ward, was born October 25, 1848, in Little Falls, Herkimer county, New York, ,vhere his father, Hon. Harvey D. Colvin, ex Mayor of Chicago, and General Agent of the United States Express Company, which he organized in Chicago with a capital of $500.,000 in 1854, for seventeen. years manufactured boots and shoes. The Alderman, a Demo ·crat, was elected by a plurality of 400; Anton Imhof, a Republican ex-Alderman, and Matthias Eisner, a Socialist, running against hiffi:. It was a grand battle, Mr. Colvin's most intimate friends having endeavored to dissuade him from- appearing in the field. Young Colvin attended the academy in Little Falls, up to the age of thirteen. In 1853, the family removing to Chicago, he was sent to the Haven school, on Madison near Dearborn, opposite the Tr£bitne office. At the age of CHIC.AGO' S COUNCILS. 131 sixteen he went into the service of his father, in the United "States Express office. On June 12, 1862, he entered the arn1y as First Lieutenant of Battery M, First Regiment Illinois Light Artillery, and served up to October 1863 as such, when under an order of the vVar Department he organized the Colvin Battery, which subsequently was organized as Battery "K" to the First Illinois Light Ar tillery. On June 12, 1865, he was mustered out, having participated in the battles of Perrysville, Spring Head, Triune, the Siege of Knoxville; taken an active part in the East Tennessee can1paign; followed Longstreet into Vir ginia and pursued Jeff. Davis into South Carolina. Re su1ning civil life, Mr. Colvin returned to the express busi ness as Assistant Cashier, and served up to November 1881, ,vhen he was appointer1 the Chief Deputy for the Collector of the Town of North Chicago. This he relinquished on the eve of his election as Alderman of the sixteenth ward, in 1882. He was reelected in 1884 and in 1886.

JOHN A. LINN. The senior-Alderman in the seventeenth ward was born in Calmar, Sweden, June 25, 1848; and came with his parents to America in 1855, and settled in Chicago in 1860. He first went railroading, served as a bridge-tender, was in charge of the crib one year, was a member of the police force from 1873 to 1879, and is today a n1ost successful proprietor of a livery and undertaking business at 308 Di vision street. Though engaged in a rather gloon1y busi ness, Mr. Linn's disposition is by no n1eans funereal. With first class business instincts is combined an elasticity of spirits which in no small degree explains Mr. Linn's success in life. THOMAS J. CARNEY. Elected in the seventeenth ward, the son of ex-Alder man "honest Tom" Carney, was born in Chicago in 1860. 132 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

He grew up in the north town of Chicago, and knows every nook and corner of it. He served with credit on engine 27, of the fire department and on the police depart n1ent. He is a partner in the feed business at 65 N. Mar ket street, of Willian1 Kelley, an· old n1ember of engine No. 14, and conducts a sample room on North l\iarket street. JACOB H. TIEDEMANN. This gentleman was elected in the eighteenth ward un der the new election law. He was born in 1848, in New Orleans, and came to Chicago in 1862. Ile is largely in tere'sted in real estate, and is a bachelor. He is well known to the fashionable people of north Chicago, and is a cen tral figure at their interesting entertainn1ents.

·wrLLIAM R. MANIERRE . The senior aldern1an in the eighteenth ward, is the son of the distinguished Judge Manierre, now dead, and was born in Chicago, April 25. 1847. He was first elected in 1882. In his business and social relations his attitude is enviable. CITY OFFICIALS.

THEODORE T. GURNEY. The affable City Comptroller of Chicago, was born in Ogdensburgh, New York, September 4, 1820, and was there educated. He commenced the study of law in his father's office, but it ,vas not long before legal quibblings became disinteresting, and comn1ercial pursuits attracted him. Coming to Chicago in 1856 he obtained the posi tion of book-keeper for Munger & Armour, afterward Munger, Wheeler & Co., grain merchants, and held it up to 1860. In 1862 he was appointed Chief Grain Inspector for· the Board of Trade, and thereafter up to 1878 transacted a commission business. · Mr. Gurney was, is, and always will be, a Den1ocrat. As such he led a forlorn hope in the tenth ward, where he was defeated for Alderman. In 1877, however, his business capacity and sterling integrity secured his election as su pervisor of the West Town of Chicago. He was appointed comptroller in the spring of ,1879.

DEvVITT C • OREG IER. De Witt Clinton Cregier has been connected with the public works of Chicago for thirty-three years. For twen ty-fl ve years he filled the position of chief and designing engineer of the Chicago ,v orks ; for three years he was City Engineer, and has just entered upon his fifth year as Oon1missioner of Public Works. He was born June 1, 1829, and is the son of John L. and Ann E. (Fort) Cregier, daughter of the ,vell-known 133 134 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF OHIO.A.GO.

ship master, so long identified with the merchaut n1arine of New York; cousin of Henry Inman, the portrait painter, and a relative of Daniel D. rrompkins, the ·vice President of the United States. An orphan at the age of thirteen, young Cregier con1n1encecl to "\"vork for a livelihood at the age of sixteen in the engineer's departn1ent on the stean1er Oregon, running on Long Island Sound. In 1851 he was connected with the engineer corps of the United States 1nail steamers, plying between New York, Havana and New Orleans. In 1853 he came to Chicago to superintend the ,first pun1ping machinery for the water-works. Since that tin1e he designed and superintended the construction and erection of all the machinery now in use at both water works, including the double pumping engine, the largest in the world. Mr. Cregier stands very high socially. He married Miss Mary S. Foggin, of New York, August 2, 1853, and is the father of six sons and one daughter, all of whon1 were born in Chicago, and are living.

"WILLIAM M. DEVINE. William M. Devine was born in Ireland in 1844. In 1864 he carne to the United States and after recovering fron1 a long illness caused by privations during the voyage from the old country, having been nine weeks at sea on a disabled vessel, he joined the arn1y and went as far south as Cairo. The ,var luckily ended soon after he enlisted and he, with the other recruits, were ordered to their respect ive homes. · Mr. Devine upon his return fron1 the ariny, went to work for his brother, who was in the n1ilk business and soon saved enough money to go into business for hin1- self. This was in 1866, and his business progressed so rapidly under his skillful 111anagement that he was soon classed an1ong Chicago's µiost su0cessfu~ and upright busi ness men. In 1868 J\'Ir. Devine's success in life permitted CITY OFFICIALS. 135

him to visit his mother country and his old home where his n1other resided. Du.ring the great :fire of 1871 he shared the fate of many other :North Siders, anct when the poor homeless people sought Lincoln Park as a temporary home, he directed the drivers of his wagons to distribute the n1ilk an1ong the unfortunates. J\'Ir. Devine's financial success is not due chiefly to his n1ilk business. He is a shrewed financier and n1ade several lucky investn1ents in real estate. In 1879 he again visited Ireland, this time accompanied by his wife. ,vhile in his native country he distributed. thousands of dollars an1ong the victims of unrelenting landlords, and on his return brought one hun dred and fifty of the unfortunates to this free country, paying for their transportation on t of his own n1eans. He took an active part during the Tilden campaign and since that time he has gradually drifted into politics. In the spring of 1885 he was selected as the Den1ocratic candi date for City Treasurer. HEMPSTEAD W ASHBURNE. The City Attorney who is the son of Elihu B. Wash burne, was born at Galena, Ill., N oven1ber 11, 1852. He prepared for college at K;ent's Hill, J\'Ie. In 1871 and 1872 he was a student in the University of Bonn, Gern1any, and returned to this country in 1873, locating at l\Iadison, '\Vis. Here he read law in. the office of Gregory & Pinney. Graduating in the "\Visconsin University he entered the law office of Barber & Lockner and attended the law schools at the same time. In 1876 he established a law office with Henry S. Robbins and in 1883 with ex-Senator Lyman Trumbull. The :firm existed until he was elected City Attorney. In 1880 he was appointed 1Iaster in Chancery of the Cook County Su1)erior Court. I-Ie was elected City Attorney by about 2,000 majority; the n1ajority the other way at the preceding city election being about 10,000. He is extren1ely popular. 136 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICA.GO.

FRANCIS A. HOFFMAN. Francis .A.. Hoffman, Jr. resigned the presidency of the election commissioners to accept the position of corpora" tion counsel . He is a German De_mocrat and his position among jurists is a very exalted one.

WILLIAM J. ONAHAN. This erudite gentleman who fills the very responsible position of City Collector is a native of Leighlin Bridge, Carlow county, Ireland, whence the family removed to Dublin in 1845. In 1851, on St. Patrick's day, they landed in New York City. .As an office boy our subject gained a very high regard from his employers, and as an assistant book-keeper he earned and secured the best recom mendations in New York City. He was employed by a large clothing firm. In 1854 he came to Chicago and at once was identified with Irish and Catholic institutions. He has written volu~inously as to both, and connected therewith has today one of the best private librarjes in the world. In 1857 he was made Secretary of the Catholic Institute, also President of the Society of St. Vincent De Paul. He was one of the organizers of th~ Twenty-third Illinois Infantry. I-Ie was a n1en1ber of the Board of Edu cation in 1863 and a Director of the Public Library and was created a Director of that institution in 1873 for ·eight years. In 1881 he was elected its President. In 1864 he founded St. Patrick's Society; was its first President and was reelected. He was first made City Collector in 1869. In 1879 hew.as reappbinted by Carter Harrison and unani mously confirmed by the council. Mi·. Onahan was one of the organizers of the Second Regiment and was President of the Regin1ental A.ssocia tion. He was one of the founders of the Charity Organ zation Society; was its first Vice-President and is one of the directors of St. Mary's Training School. CITY OFFICIALS. 137

The following gentlemen are attached to the City Col- lector's office : Special Assessment Clerk-James J. Meathe. License Clerks-. M. B. Wells, Charles :F. Wagner. Delinquent Water Olerk-J. S. Chesbrough.

C. HERMAN PLAUTZ. The City Clerk was born October 20, 1844, in Klein Sabow, province of Pomerania, Germany, and came to America at the age of eleven. In 1861 he came to Chicago and established himself in the drug business. He· built himself up rapidly, and was chiefly instrumental in organizing the Chicago Drug and Chemical Company. fle had hardly withdrawn from this institution when he was elected City Clerk. Mr. Plautz is a very quiet gen tleman, and represents the ultra-n1odest phase of politics~

CHARLES GASTFIELD. The Assistant City Clerk wa~ born September 23, 1855.,. in Chicago. . He attended the High School, and after wards the Dyrenfurth Business College. Having rnade good records in both institutions, he entered the planing-mill business under his father. Thence he went into the whole sale department of Field & Leiter, where he was just about thoroughly a-ppreciated ·when the notion suddenly caught hin1 to enter the rea~-estate business with Harrison & ,v eeks. Subsequently he was appointed to a responsi ble position in the water office, and on the assumption of the City Clerks!1ip by Mr. N eun1eister, he was selected his chief clerk. Mr. Gastfield is industrious, cool-headed, and decidedly courteous. ALEXANDER KIRKLAND. The Building Superintendent was born September 24, 1824, in Kilbarchan, near Glasgow, Scotland. He was 138 THE POLI'fICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. educated in the parochial school of his native village, and graduated fron1 the High School of Glasgow. V\Then seven teen years of age he began the study of architecture and civil engineering, and pursued_ it industriously for six years. In n1athematics he ranked very high. When twenty-four years of age he went into business himself as an architect, and for fourteen years he stood among the fore most artists of Glasgow. An1ong other edifices, he bnilt St. Vincent Crescent and Napier Place, costing $2,000,000; the Bothwell street business block, costing $1,,500,000; the app1~oaches of the suspension bridge over the Clyde, Anderson & Co's wholesale ·warehouse, one of the largest in the city of Glasgow, and the public monu ment to Alexander Theatre Royal. Locating in London, he was a pron1inent architect there for five years; and when a national n1011un1ent was conten1plated to the n1en1ory of Prince Albert, his design was received with the most flattering complin1ents of the Queen. In 1866 he came to New York, ,vhere he ren1ained two years, and irn mediately after the great fire in 1871 he became a citizen of Chicago. In social circles Mr. Kirkland touches a de cidedly pron1inent figure.

vVILLIAl\f EDGAR. William Edgar, chief clerk and private secretary for Mr. Kirkland; Superintendent of the Building Depart ment, was born February 25, 1848, in Stranaer., Scotland. He was educated in the Free Church school and Stranaer academy. · I-Ie can1e to An1erica in the spring of 1869. vVhen the lamented Daniel O'Hara was clerk of the Re corder's Court, now the Crin1inal Court, Mr. Edgar was appointed on his staff. If Stephen A. Douglas was Dan. O'.l-Iara_.s political Gamaliel, Willian1 Edgar worshipped at the same shrine . In other words, Edgar is a Democrat, dyed in the wool. CITY OFFICIALS. 139

In 1873, ·when the People's party had succeeded, he was appointed Deputy City Clerk, by Joseph K. C~ Forrest, City Clerk. He remained in that position until the elec tion of Mayor I-Ieath, when he ·was ren1oved for political purposes. He was appointed Secretary of the Building Department by Superintendent Kirkland, with the consent of JHayor I-Iarrison, in 1878. His ideas of architecture were nourished by industrious service under Colonel S. V. Shipman, of Chicago, under whose tutelage he spent three of the best years of his life.

D. 0. "WILKIE. Building Inspector ,vilkie (brother, by the way, of Franc B. Wilkie, the distinguished journalist and author), was born in "\Vest Charlton~ Saratoga county, N. Y., Au gust 2, 1835, and received a con1n1011 school education. Like the other n1en1bers of his fan1ily, lVIr. vVilkie showed his self-reliance by going it alone when of an age when son1e other boys are dragged along at the end of their mothe1·s' apron strings. I-le made a carpenter of himself in a brief tin1e at Elgin, Ill., but after a tin1e improved his circu1nstances by entering the enginerrs' departn1ent of the Illinois Central railroad. In 1868 he carri'e to Chicago and worked at his trade of carpentering. He did the car penter ·work on the T1~mes building, after the great fire. He was appointed Building Inspector under 1fayor Colvin, and is one of the oldest officers in the service. Mr. Wil kie is a n1en1ber of Cleveland Lodge A. F. and A. ~1., of La Fayette Chapter, and St. Bernard Commandery, K. T. No. 35. He has been a Mason since 1862. He was clraftecl in the Mound City navy-yard, but was not required to serve. JOHN AGNEW. Inspector Agnew was born in Dundee, Scotland, in May, 1832. When twenty years of age he came to Amer- 140 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. ica, and became a mason and brick-layer, and is recognized as one of the best in the western country to day. Almost since his arrival in Chicago, John has been intimately identified with fire matters. At a fire in 1865 he was very seriously injured by a falling walL He had his arn1 broken and exhibits scars on his face to day, recalling his narrow escape fron1 death. In 1873 he was appointed Fire )Varden, and acted as such up to the organization of the Building Department, when he assumed his present duties. The following is a list of the attaches of the Building Department: Alexander Kirkland, Comn1issioner; Willian1 Edgar, Secretary; W. J. Cochran and James Duncan, Clerks; John l\iowat, Elevator Inspector; John Agnew, Daniel O. Wilkie, James l\foran, J an1es Crowe, Patrick Carroll, Joseph E. Skerritt, George I-Iolt, building inspec tors, and Charles E. Hildreth, Inspector of Fire Escapes.

OSCAR C. DE ·woLF. The Health Commissioner, was born August 8_. 1835, in l\fassachusetts. He graduated at the University of New York, studied medicine in Paris, and served four years in the arn1y as a surgeon. In 1873 he came to Chicago and in 1877 was appointed to his present position by l\iayor Heath. BROCK. L. l\I'VICK.A.R. Brockholst Livingston Mc Vickar, who, as "Wild Ed gerton," is fan1iliar to a large portion of the reading public in .America and Europe, is Secretary of the I-Iealth De partment. . Mr. Mc Vickar was born on St. Valentine's Day, 1842, in the city of Buffalo. The father of our sub ject; who was a prominent physician, brought his fan1ily to central N e-w York in the interest of his rapidly growing practice, and ,vhen fourteen years of age, Brock. was placed in the Rensselaer Polytechnic School of Troy, N. Y. IIaY ing graduated, he followed civil engineering for seYeral CITY OFFICIALS. 141 years. He was afterward appointed private secretary to the superintendent of the Illinois Central Railroad. With this corporation he remained in various capacities up to 1864, ·when he accepted a position on the staff of Rear Admiral Gregory, iri the iron-clad navy department of New York. In the meantin1e he was bus.y in literature. In 1870 he published "Railroad Life in Arnerica," and subse quently ·' Wreath of Evergreens.". At the close of the war he went abroad, but soon returned to accept a position on the North western Railroad ; lecturing in the meantin1e upon "Paris under the En1pire" and kindred subjects. When Hon. H. D. Colvin was elected :o,irayor, he entered the "\Yater Department, and when Dr. lVIcVickar, his father, now dead, became Oom1nissioner of Health he was appointed his secretary. He has continued Secretary of the depart ment ever since. The following are attaches of the office : ~Iedical In spector South Division, E. vV. Sawyer; West Division, G. Garrett; North Division, J. M. Hall. Louis Merki, Clerk; ~L K. Gleason, Register. Health Officers: Louis ~ferki, T. P. Mahoney, William Crowley, Samuel ,vnson, A. F. Bradley, Walter Smith, Daniel O'Connor, Joseph R. Gorman, John Daley, Daniel Sullivan, Michael Lavin, Jan1es Wilmot, Thomas Flood, Patrick Wall, Hon. Dennis Considine, Solomon l\i'larks, James Trew, William Hard~r, Thon1as Sweeney, George R. English, W. H. Gunning, Joseph Gruenhut, chief of Tene ment Department, Jan1es -Carney, A. F. McCarty, Frank McCormick, George Rodgers, W. F. Dillon, Alex. Mon teath, Thomas Randall, C. J. Schulz, W. Majeski, John Manna, William ~Iadden, C. Botthof, M. McNulty, Thomas Healey, J. J. McMahon, ,villiam E. Langdon. HERMAN LIEB. General Lieb, the ex-Chief of the Water Department, was born in the canton of Turgau, Switzerland, in 1826. 142 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

On the paternal side he is of Swiss origin, and on the maternal side Danish. At the age of nineteen he went to Paris_, France, and entered, in con1pany with his brother, a mercantile life. In 1848 he joined the Garde Mobile, and il February ~nd June of that year participated in all of the battles fought in the streets of Paris. In 1851 he came to America, and in 1856 he settled in Decatur, Ill., and remained there until the war of the Rebellion. He now enlisted in the Eighth Illinois Infantry under General Oglesby. Ile was present at Fort I-Ienry, Fort Donel son, Shiloh, and the siege of Corinth. Appointed a Cap tain, he accompanied Logan's division to Vicksburg in charge of the skirn1ishers, and when the '"Bend" was at tacked he was wounded in the left leg. lTnder orders from General Grant, General Lieb raised a colored regin1ent of heavy artillery, and for meritorious service was soon ap pointed Inspector General of the departn1ent of the lVI:is s1ss1ppi. Mustered out, Mr. Lieb went to Springfield and founded the Illinois Post, a Gern1an Republican })aper, and two years later he came to Chicago, and, with Mr. Brentano, started the .Abend Zeititng. Subsequently he started the German Anierican and the Un/ion, and he is now conduct ing another German paper, known as the Olticago Denio c1·at. JOHN °"'r. LYONS. The Cashier of the City Departn1ent of Public Works, was selected by Mayor Harrison entirely unsolicited; nor was his preferment due to political influence. I-Iis past record in the service of th~ municipality alone induced his Honor to appoint· him. Mr. Lyons ·was born at Sandusky, 0., June 13, 1852. When he was two years of age the fa1nily came to Chicago, and ,vhen John was twelve years of age he was sent to Eastn1an's Business College. Leaving there, he entered the law office of Blodgett & Winston, the former of whom. has presided for so long, and ·with so CITY OFFICIALS. 143

much satisfaction, on the United States bench. The lat ter is one of the foremost members of tho Chicago bar. Finding the law incongenial, our subject secured employ ment as a messenger boy for the old Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad office, and soon, although very young, became telegraph operator for the same road. His next occupa tion was that of time-keeper for J. S. Lyons, his father, engaged in the reconstruction of the same road. Subse quently he became a clerk in the Michigan Central Rail road office, and,. rapidly winning the confidence of his su perior officers, was appointed assistant cashier in 1871, and I served up to 1879, when he became Assistant Cashier of the City Depart111ent of Public Works. He assumed his present position on the resignation of John Hise, cashier, December 19, 1881. A quite ron1antic incident is recorded in the career of Mr. Lyons. A cousin visiting hin1 in this city so highly extolled the merits of a young lady residing in Kenton, Hardin county, Ohio, that our subject opened a correspond ence with her. It was not long before he visited Kenton, met her, and after three days of a personal acquaintance made her his wife. Mr. Lyons considers the event the most fortunate of his life. E. ESTELLE GILBERT. E. Estelle Gilbert was born at Philadelphia. When he was five years of age his father was killed by a fall from a building, placing the family in rather saddening circum stances. At the age of six years he was sent to Girard college, where 4e graduated at the age of sixteen. He was now bound to a farmer in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, but ran away and entered the army, April 19, 1861. He enlisted in Company C, Ninety-ninth Regin1ent, Pennsyl vania Volunteers. He fought in Gettysburg, Hagerstown., the Wilderness, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, and it might be said participated in all the engagements fought 144 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. by the army of the Potomac, being wounded in both knees and arn1 and rising to the captaincy. He was stationed at Point Lookout, Tufaryland, at oue time as acting assistant ,quartermaster. l\fnstered out, he at once came to Chicago .and entered the paper warehouse of Gilbert & McCann. The :firm dissolving, he was appointed water inspector and ·served as such until after the great :fire. He was at this tin1e appointed a clerk in the water office by Commissioner Prindiville, and assumed charge of the North Division books. On the election of lVIr. Harrison as Mayor he was appointed Chief Clerk in the water office. Ile has the un bounded confidence of his superiors and his associates a~d the respect of the general public. The following is the roster of the water office: Super intendent, J. P. I-land; Chief Clerk, John lVI. Furmin; Cashier, John ,v. -Lyons; Assistant Cashier, John C. ·Cullen; Registrar, ,v. J. Maher; Assistant Registrar, E. E. Gilbert and J. Lynch; Clerks, ltf. O'Brien and R. Bunman; 1\1:essengers, Hugo Schnepff ancl Charles E. Gil bert; Assessor, Thomas Pattison; Assistant Assessor, C. J. Vogell; Assessor's Clerks, F. I-I. Braumer, 0. Foerster, J. E. Pettibone, P. M. Nichols and 9". D. Philps; Draughts men, Arthur Erbe, F. Hildebrand, G. A. Buner and Lud ·wig Pechn1ann; Pern1it Clerk, H. G. Naper; Assistant 1Clerks, J. B. L. Lemoine and D. ,v. Rowland; Plun1bing Inspectors, J. E. Ward, James Jordan, James Clancy, ·Emil Biedern1ann, M. G. O'Connor, ,villian1 Forristal and L. T. Barclay; Tap Inspector, G. A. Kerndl; Tappers, T. Waters, Daniel Dore, John I-Iarrison and John Doyle; ~Ieter Clerk, William H. Reed; Assistant Meter Clerks, .J. B. Lewis, G. 0. Rictor and Gus. Vernit; Collectors, "\V. J. McNamara, Joseph Schofield and L. G. Pope; Rate ·Takers, L. Collins, Pat Lynch, Mike Riordan, L. Altpeter, D. Mackey, H. G. Prell, J. O'Donnell; Expressmen, M. D. Ooulahan, Pat. Railey, CITY OFFICIALS. 145

JOHN COlIISKEY. This gentleman, well known of late years as the anti machine politician, was born in Orosserlough, Cavan, Ire land, in 1826, and in 1848 he came to New Haven, Conn., and interested himself in the lumber business. In 1853 he can1e to Chicago, and had charge of the incon1ing freight on the Rock Island road until 1863, when he engaged his services to Shufeldt & Croskey, the prominent distillers. He then becan1e connected with the Fort Wayne cattle-yards as superintendent of shipments. ·His first political experience, it n1ay be said, was in the Inter nal Revenue Service under Gen. vVallace, acting under the adrninistration of Andrew Johnson. On the election of Gen. Grant, Mr. Comiskey, being a Den1ocrat, was removed. In 1870 he was employed as a book-keeper by Henry Greenebaum, the sucoossfnl banker of that period. In 1875 he was appointed Clerk of the Board of Cook County Commissioners. In 1878, on the expiration of his term of office, he entered the book trade. He then entered the service of. the city and is now book-keeper in the city treasurer's office. Mr. Comiskey ·has served eleven years in the City Council. He was first elected in the spring of 1859 to represent the tenth ward. At this time there were only ten wards in the city. A subdivision of the wards compli cated aldermanic politics -forthwith. In 1861 he was elected to represent the seventh ward; also in 1863 and '64; in '66, to represent the eighth ward, and in '68 to rep resent the ninth ward. In the last year of his term in the Council he was elected as President, the first time the office was created. For a quarter of a century Mr. Comis key has figured prominently before the public. His voice has al ways been heard on the' side of reform. His inde pendence of character is wen known. Among the n1ost notable of his recent achievements was his introduction of 10 146 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

the Hon. John F. Finerty to the people of the second district, which, although overwheln1ingly Democratic, elected Mr. Finerty to congress independently.

CHARLES E. FELTON. The present Superintendent of the House of Correc tion of Chicago is another of the many officials whose biography has never been written; but may well be, as it will show a life of business activity and official success not often equaled in the histories of the so-called office-holders of 9ur cities. It is said of him that he never received an unfavorable criticism from the press, during a continuo.us public service of twenty-three years, twenty-one of which were as the Superintendent of penal and correctional in stitutions. Mr. Felton was born Sept. 18, 1831, in Barre, W orces ter County, J\,Iass.; consequently is fifty-two years old. I-Iis ancestry, on his father's side, he traces back in direct line to Nathaniel Felton, who migrated fron1 England in 1631, and settled at Salem, Mass. From that source nearly all of the Feltons now in this country may well claim ori gin. His mother was of English and Scotch descent, dat ing back, however, as settlers in An1erica on her father's side-a Johnson-nearly two hundred years. ~ence, if any n1an now holding office in this city can make claim to being an An1erica11 by ancestry and by birth the subject of this sketch surely may do so. Mr. Felton's early life was devoted to the art preserva tive; at the age of f°ourteen years he was installed as printer's devil, in an obscure country printing-office, at Barre; but not liking the routine of an office-sweep and carrier-boy, he early took the several degrees in the mysteries of the art, and we find him. occupying the position of ~·sub" on the New York Tribune in the winter of 1849; and, in 1850, he had taken Horace's advice and gone west, stopping at Cincin- CITY OFFICIALS. 147

nati, where he was employed as foren1an of the job depart ment of the Chronicle and Atlas. Leaving Cincinnati as a sort of printer's tramp; he passed the winters of 1850-51 in Indianapolis, Ind., and Columbus, Ohio, on state work, and the summers at Buffalo, N. Y., the latter of which places he afterward n1a< le his hon1e, until called to occupy the position he now holds. During his· residence at Buf falo he was sever&l years fore1nan of the book and job de partments of the Cornniercial Advertiser, the then finest job })rinting establishn1ent in the West, if not in the coun try; and afterward was in business for himself until health failing hin1 he was elected as Superintendent of the peni tentiary in that city. He held the office of City Alderman one tern1, was nine years Superintendent of the peni tentiary at Buffalo; and is now serving his twelfth year as General Superintendent of the House of Correction of this city, making a continuous official life of twenty-three years. As a prison officer, Mr. Felton is humane almost to a fault, it being said that scarcely a single one of the more than one hundred and twenty thousand inmates he has had in his charge has any but the kindest feelings toward hin1; and the industries of his prison, as established and maintained by hin1, have made that department so nearly self-suppotting that, for several years, no moneys have been asked for the n1aintenance of our city prisoners. In politics J\1r. Felton is a Den1ocrat; in ad1ninistration he is strictly non-partisan; in religion, a Uhurchn1an, but very liberal in. his views. Though fifty-two years of age, he is a lover and patron of out-door sports of all kinds, and is said to be one of the best field and trap shots in the state. Twice he has held the office of President of the State Sportsman's Association of this state. JOHN M'CARTHY. John McCarthy, Harbormaster, was born in the parish 148 · THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. of Skull, Cork, in 1836. In 1847 he came to Syracuse, N. Y., and from that date up to the present, it may be said, has navigated the Western lakes.

JOHN M. BRO-WN. The Chief Clerk in the Street Departn1ent, John M. Brown, was born in Chicago, March 15, 1858. He n1ade a very creditable record at school in the Jesuit Parish, and when quite young entered the service of his father, a well known and much respented contractor, now dead. In 1879 he was appointed Chief Clerk. The following gentlemen are also connected with the Street Department: John E. Stearns, Chief Inspector, Sewerage. Assistant Engineers-A. M. Hirsch, H. A. Edwards, J. B .. Mueller, A. W. Cooke, J. S. Larkin. Rodmen-,Ja1nes T. Finn, Timothy B. Lynch, James Flinn, Willian1 Gallagher, Robert E. O'Connor. John W. Carroll, Collector. Side walk Inspectors-Michael Dyer, ~L Sn1ith, P. D. Toomey, Patrick Carney, H. Hart, Morgan Murphy, P. McCarthy, ,villiam F. Crowse; Michael Heaney, General Inspector. Thomas P. Hickey, Inspector Street Cleaning. General Inspector of Street Paving--Adam Boetinger. Street Foremen-Anton Berg, Michael McNan1ara, Joseph Law ler, Peter Kearns, Anton Detmer, Philip Hillinger.· CHICAGO JUSTICES AND TOWN OFFICERS.

GEORGE A. MEECH. Police Magistrate Meech was born in Norwich, Conn., in 1824, and graduated from Yale in 1843. He subse quently taught school, and read law at the same time. He :finished his studies in Boston. In 1849 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace, and was subsequently elected Judge of the Probate Court for the Norwich district. Resigning, he came West, and was elected shortly City Attorney, and afterwards City Assessor. He was practicing law in 1879., when, at the request of bankers and other prominent citi zens, he was appointed a Justice. Subsequently he was selected by Mayor Harrison to preside at the Armory Court, where he has proved himself a friend to unfortu nates and a foe to criminals. His appointment was unani mously indorsed by the press of Chicago.

GEORGE KERSTEN. In a comparatively brief period of time Justice of the Peace and Police l\'1agistrate George Kersten has made great strides in public favor. Respected by the mass~s to be.gin with, his career on the bench up to date has made prospects for hin1 which are decidedly enviable. He was born in Chicago in 1853, and educated in the Franklin School and Eastn1an's Business College. He first engaged in the cigar business, and became really popular, it might be said, when he conducted a first-class sample roon1 at Clark street bridge, where Max Romer is now doing so well. Mr. Kersten was appointed Police Court Clerk for the North Side in 1880, and at once began reading law. He was n1ade Justice of 149 150 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. the Peace and Police ~fagistrate in 1883. I-Ie belongs to the Masons, the Knights of Pythias, the Order of Forest ers ; is Shooting-j'faster of the Chicago Sharp-Shooting Association ; was one of the originntors ancl President of the Cook County ])emocratic Club, and belongs also to the Algonquins.

JUSTICE ·wHITE. Justice White was born in 1845 at Shellsburg, Wis. In 1847 the family can1e to Ogle county, and our subject pre pared for college at Rockford. In 1870 he graduated fro~1 Beloit College and in 1872 graduated fron1 the Albany University. I-Ie was achnitted to the bar at New York in 1872. In 1873 he can1e to Chicago and associated him self with J. Y. Scammon in the treatinent of important insurance cases. Among other public deeds he organized the Western Law and Collectors' Association.

ORLIN P. INGERSOLL. The Police judge who presides in the West Chicago Avenue district is a thorough An1erican and an old-tin1e attorney. . Gifted with a keen sense of justice, he has ex hibited time and again merciful instincts, which reflect much credit upon him.

DANIEL SCULLY. Justice Daniel Scully, who will ever be ren1embered as · the "old West-Side police n1agistrate," was born in the city of New York, March 28, 1839. In 1841 ·his parents re1noved to _a farin in McHenry county. Ile worked in the fields for a short tin1e, but agricultural pursuits did not suit our ambitious subject. Ile devoted himself to teach ing school in 1860 and soon becan1e convinced that he could learn something n1ore hin1self. Accordingly he can1e to Chicago and went to St. Mary's of the Lake, and graduated after two years of hard study in the scientific JUSTICES .A.ND TO"WN OF.FICERS. 151 and comn1ercial departments. In 1863 and 1864 the jus tice studied law in the Chicago Law School under the con trol of Judge Booth. On graduating he received a hand son1e co1npliment fron1 the principal, being the only one out of a class of thirty-four who had not worked in a law office. As soon as ~Ir. Scully was admitted to the bar he made a tour of Iowa and Minnesota, but failing to find a, favorable locality to practice his profession, he came to Chicago. He was appointed police 111agistrate and suc ceeded hin1self repeatedly. He is at present in his old position as police n1agistrate in the third precinct. He has frequently been spoken of as a candidate for n1ayor.

PETER FOOTE. The facetious but earnest ex-police magistrate of the first precinct police court was born in the North of Ireland, April 1, 1840. He n1ight have been fooled on that par ticular 1st of April, but he congratulates hi1nself on the fact that he has been fooled very seldom since. Coming to Americ~ as an infant, his early life -was spent in New York City, where he attended the public schools, and graduated in St. John's College, ·which ranks with Har vard and Yale, as master of arts. He completed the nine years' classical and scientific course in seven years, cap turing the n1ajority of the prizes. In 1862 he came to Chicago in co1npany with the lamented Dr. McJ\'1ullen, a:fteward Bishop, and accepted the professorship of classics in St. Mary's of the Lake. Among his pupils were Lieut enant Nugent, who died on the field beside Colonel J\1:ul ligan; Justice Prindiville and many other pron1inent men. He con1pleted his legal studies in the Chicago Law School, of ·which ex-Judge Booth was professor, ancl in1mediately received his diploma from the Supreme bench at Ottaw·a. Two years previous to the great fire he was professor of law at Notre Dame University, and on his return was ap- 152 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. pointed a justice under Carter Harrison. He was created magistrate at the first precinct police court. He is now pushing a most flourishing j11.stital business on Madison near Clark street. CHARLES ARND. Charles Arnd was born in Bernhard's Bay, Oneida County, New York, January 26, 1855. He traces his an cestry back three hundred years through a line of distin guished Germans. His father took an active part in the American Civil War. Directly · after the conclusion of a successful college course he embarked for Europe and traveled extensively through that country, gleaning what benefit he could in Berlin, Heidelberg and Paris from col lege and other lectures on law, history and languages. In 1877, when 22 years old, he came to Chicago. He was admitted to the bar in 1878 and was building up a lucra tive practice when, in 1880, he was appointed a Justice of the Peace to fill a vacancy. on the North Side.

DAVID J. LYON. The subject of this short history ·was born in the city of New Orleans, J an~1ary 4, 1843, and gained his early education in the Jesuit College of the Crescent City, and later, at the Woodstock Academy, V ern1ont, to which state his parents removed while David was a lad. In ·1862, when only nineteen years old, he showed .his extren1e loy .alty to the Union, notwithstanding his southern birth, by enlisting as a private in the Twelfth ·v ermont regiment of infantry, having giv~n up bright prospects at ho1ne to join the Federal ·ranks. The regin1en t o.f which he formed a part was in the second Vermont brigade, which took such a gallant part in the battle of Gettysburg. Young Lyon was mustered out of the service in August, 1864, his tern1 of enlistment having expired. He can1e direct to Chicago after leaving the army and commenced the study of law, JUSTICES AND TOWN OFFICERS. 153 for which profession he early exhibited a fondness, with the Hon'.. A. D. Rich. He afterward attended the law university of Chicago, studying under Judge Booth, and graduated in 1867 a promising candidate for legal laurels. Soon after leaving the university he formed a law partner ship with the Hon. E. B. Sherman and next with George K. Clark. The :fire of 1871 terminated the latter partner ship, and Mr. Lyon then began practicing for himself alone, meeting with the most flattering and well-deserved success. He became the solicitor for the Chicago, Indian apolis and Air-Line Railroad Company, and proved a n1ost valuable man for that responsible position. In 1883 he was nominated for a Justice of the Peace, ancl his confirma tion quickly followed. In a very few months he was doing almost as large a business as any of his older co1npetitors on the South Side, his well-known legal acumen proving a magnet for the representatives of the bar. Justice Lyon is a prominent Republican, Odcl Fellow, l\tlason and Knight of Pythias. He was non1inated for Alderman in 1873, and for the Legi~lature in 1878, but was not sufficiently_ desir ous of holding office to take a particularly active part for himself in either can1paign. In 1882 he was elected an honorary men1ber of the Garibaldian Legion, as a token of the appreciation of the able and eloquent address delivered by him in Haverly's Theater, on the occasion of the cere monies which took place there in1n1ediately following the death of the great Italian hero. lvir. Lyon was married to Miss Alice Packard, of Rochester, Vt., in 1867, but his wife and only Qhild died in Septen1 ber, 1880. I-Ienry Schultz, clerk for Justice D. J. Lyon, was born July 20, 1859, in Chicago. He Y{as educated in the Kin zie school. On July 25, 1875, he was employed by Peter Foote, police justice at the arn1ory, and remained there llntil l\'Iay 12, 1879. Fron1 June, 18119, to l\'Iarch, 1880, he served Justice Sumn1erfield. Fron1 this latter date 154 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. until July 12, 18S3, he was employed by Justice T. B. Brown, now deceased, and the in1mediate predecessor of Justice Lyon. He is one of the most skillful attaches of justice courts in the city.

JOHN K. PRINDIVILLE, a son of Redmond Prindiville, the veteran mariner and ex-Commissioner of the Board of Public Works, ·who set tled in Chicago in 1836, was born October 28, 1851, in Chicago. He attended school in Hathaway's Private Academy, northwest corner of Monroe and. Clark streets, a~d subsequently graduated from Seton Hall College, South Orange, New Jersey, in 1868. - He then went into the oil and paint business and made a success of it. I-lav ing read law in 1870 he was adn1itted to the bar by the Su preme Court. In 1872, under Charles Kern, who was then Sheriff, he was appointed Deputy, and in 1876 he ,vas ap pointed Justice of the Peace, the position he now holds. He is a staunch Den1ocrat.

C. vV. "WOODMAN. Charles W. "\V oodman, Justice of the Peace, was born in Aalborg, Denn1ark, in 1844. At the age of 14 he went to sea, and followed it for eight years, going as far as 68 -degrees north and 60 south. He visited Europe, Asia Africa and A1nerica; he saw the lonely tomb of the great Napoleon on the Island of St. Helena, and stood within a stone's throw of the ducal palace vvhere the Duke of lVIont pensier shot the Prince of Bourbon. He served in 1863 and '64 ii~ the A111-erican navy. In 1865 he came to Chi cago, and up to 1870 followecl the lakes and was engaged in ·n1ercantile pursuits. In 1871 he graduated in the law department of the Chicago University, ancl has })racticecl ever since. ,vhen Lincoln was assassinated lvir. ,Voodman had a hard time of it, as he was about alone on shipboard in sympathy ,vith the President. He has been active in JUSTICES AND TO'WN OFFICERS. 155 politics since 1868. Among other distinctions he has served as Prosecuting Attorney for the police courts.

JOHN C. BARKER. John Clarke Barker was born l\'.Iarch 1, 1833, in Wind sor, Kennebec county, l\1aiue. Eleven years later he carµ.e west with parents, passing through Chicago, which at that tin1e had less than 10,000 population, and locating in Lee Center, Lee county, where the elder Barker purchased a farm. His education was received fro1n the Rock River Sen1inary, Rockford Con1mercial College, and Chicago Law College. He was adn1itted to the bar in August, 1865, but in the meantime had entered the army and served as a lieu tenant for about a year, when ill health forced him to aban don n1ilitary life. He was chosen to represent North Chicago in the Twenty-ninth General .. A.ssen1bly, and while serving in that body proved hin1self a ready debater and desirable legislator. Returning to Chicago and his la·w practice, he was rapidly building for hin1self fame and for tune when he was overtaken by ill health, which neces sitated rest. Being offered the position of Justice of the Peace in 1883, he accepted it. Justice Barker is a Repub lican in politics, and he is also a prominent mason. He was married in 1869 to ~1iss Elizabeth E. Vaughn, and has two children. HARDIN .B. BRAYTON. The subject of this sketch was born in the town of Howard, Steuben County, N. Y., Aug. 29, 1829. Seven years Inter he ien1ovecl with pis parents to ,Vayne County, Where he attended the Marion Academy, an excellent educational institution, until he reached the age of twenty aind graduated. In 1854 his parents ca1ne west and in vested in a large tract of farn1ing land in Blue Island, which tract is still owned by the old people and is very valuable. Hardin joined his parents in 1857 and remained 156 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. on the new farm four years. He then located in Chicago, going into business for himself as a commission merchant and becoming a member of the Board of Trade. In 1870 he had been elected a member of the Twenty-seventh General Assen1bly of Illinois. - As a ~tate legislator he was· instrun1ental in securing the passage of several ,vise measures and the defeat of a nun1ber of vicious ones. Mr. Brayton refused a second nomination and returned to a business life. In 1877 he was offered and accepted the position of Clerk of the County Court, ,vhich 11osition he held until 1879, when he was chosen a Justice of the Peace. He was re-appointed in 1883, having received the indorsement of the n1embers of the Chicago bar, and was confirmed without opposition. Since his first appointment he has been a careful student of the law, and his decisions have always been characterized by an evident desire for perfect fairness as the magnitude of the business done by him fully attests. William Cun1mings, clerk for Justice Brayton, was born in 1854, ill Knockgaffon, Tipperary, Ireland. In 1865 his fan1ily came to Vermont, where he attended school until he arrived at his n1ajority. In 1876 he came to Chicago, and was at once identified with the courts in common law. He is presun1ed to be one of the most ex pert members of his particular branch of the service.

D. HARRY HA}BIER. D. Harry I-Iamn1er was born in Springfield, Ills., De cember 23, 1840. . When he was two years old his parents removed to Ogle county, and there Harry passed his boy hood and youth, attending the district schools and taking advantage of whatever other n1eans of education presented themselves. At the age of seventeen he began a course of study at the Rock River Seminary, at Mt. Morris, Ills., and finally graduated from that institution. He then JUSTICES AND TOWN OFFICERS. 157 attended the Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, and graduated from the law_ school there in 1865, having turned his attention to the legal profession. Leaving Ann Arbor he traveled a short time throughout the north and west, finally locating in St. Louis. When the cholera epidemic broke out in St. Louis, young Hammer came to Chicago and once n1ore resun1ed his practice as a lawyer, with satisfactory success. Governor Cullom, in 1879, ap pointed Mr. Han1mer a Justice of the Peace. He has one of the finest libraries in Chicago, and devotes much time to literary culture as well as to his legal duties. He is a member of the Union League and Calumet clubs, and is the owner of a large amount of real estate in Chicago. Justice Han1mer was married a few years ago to Miss E111n1a L. Carpenter, of Athens, Ohio, and has two young daughters. Frederick T. E. Kallum, is employed by Justice D. Harry Hammer, and is the youngest clerk in the justice courts. He was born July 31, 1863, in Dran1an, Norway. In 1865 his parents moved to Chicago, and hence in 1868, removed to Washington Heights, Ill. Here Fred was edu cated. He first worked for A. S. & T. P. Randall, on Monroe street_, manufacturing boxes. In April, 1881, he assumed his present occupation.

LOUIS. KISTLER. Justice Kistler was born June 25, 1835, in Strasburg, Germany, his father having distinguished himself in the Napoleonic war, and dying when Louis was only ten years old. In 1845 the family removed to Rochester, and here our subject graduated in tl1e classics in 1868. He taught the classics in Greenwich Academy, Rhode Island, up to 1862, ,vhen he went to Berlin and studied in the university there. In 1864 he accepted a professorship in the North western University at Evanston. In 1878 he commenced 158 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. practicing law, and in the same year met a severe loss in the destruction by fire of a n1ost valuable library. In 1883 he was appointed a Justice.

·w. H. GLEASON. Willian1 Henry Gleason, Collector of the South Town of Chicago, was born in ,v ardsborough, vViridham county, Vt., in 1843. Up to the age of twenty his life was spent upon his father's farm. He toiled industriously, sumn1er and winter, save when he attended the district school. Removing to Baltimore, he was engaged in the baking hµsiness :for several years. In the spring of 1869 he came to Chicago, and up to the great fire of 1871 was a cletk in the employ of Galpin & Hanchett, deputy sheriffs and auctioneers. In the spring of 1872 he entered the division superintendent's office of the Pulln1an Palace Car Con1- pany, but on December 1, resigned to accept the bailiffship in the County Court when Tiinothy Bradley ,vas Sheriff. He continued in this position up to the fall of 1876, when he became a partner of Seth F. Hanchett in the collecting agency, and when Mr. Hanchett was elected Clerk of the Probate Court, he becan1e chief deputy. After an excellent service under Sheriff Hanchett subsequently, he accepted his present position.

S. B. CHASE. Samuel Brown Chase, the Assessor of the North Town of Chicago, has been serving the people for many a year in that capacity. Ife was first elec~ed in 1877 by a n1ajority of 478; in 1880 by a n1ajority of 583, and in J 881 by a n1ajor ity of 3,926. His opponents were successively Arthur Gleason, Samuel Appleton, an9- Adolph Mueller. Mr. Chase was born in Rochester, N. Y., in 1844, and was christened after 1\Iajor General Brown, of the United States army, who was a paternal relative. In 1851 the family, removing to Chicago, sent the boy to Naperville, JUSTICES AND TOWN OFFICERS. 159

Ill.,. where he completed an academical course with high honors. In 1862 he entered the army in the war for the Union, joining the One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Infantry. For three years he served with marked distinction under Buell, when General John Niorgan was driven from Frank fort, Ky., under Rosecrans in rrennessee; and under Sher man he participated in the famous march from Atlanta to• the sea. He was throughout a staff officer, and had at tained a lieutenancy when he was mustered out in 1865. He then connected himself with the commission house· of P. B. Ware & Co., No. 193 South vVater street, a rela-• tion he still sustains in the commercial world. Mr. Chase has ever been a Democrat of a pronounced type, and has never failed in thoroughly ventilating his· syn1pathies, especially in the district he represents as: Assessor. His ability as such offic.er has been enhanced not a little by his affability under the n1ost trying circum-· stances, and his repeated election by the people bears strong testimony to the fact. Bernhart N eibling, Cashier ; John W. Ora wford, Chief Clerk; T. W. Stout, T. J. Corcoran, C. R. Sheldon, J. B. Crowley, T. D. Brosneu, Pat. F. Maloney, Paul Kelley, Geo. W. vVebber. Wm. 0. Lappin, Hy. Spieler, Robert Kenney, T. J. Barrett, Dan. R. O'Brien, Jas. H. Burns, Jno. F. O'iialley, Jno. Dowdle~ I-Iy. Vogt, Pete Conrad, Robt. Renshaw; Hy. Ganey, Jno. vVatts, Emil Biurle, Leon Vil lers, Adam Kilian, Capt. Thomas O'Connor, Q. Regneri..

FRANK DRAKE. The Assessor of the Town of South Chicago, was born in 1827 in Elba, Geneva County, N. Y. His early life was·. spent on his father's farm, and during his respites from work he attended the publi0 school. At the age of twenty one he came west_. locating in Janesville, Wis., where he· 160 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. conducted a nursery, as he also did at Racine, in the same state. In 1862 he entered the grain and produce business. and was so engaged when elected Assessor. He is Chief Grain Inspector for the district in which he lives.

JOHN A. BELL. John A. Bell, Assessor of the \Vest Town of Chicago, was born in Troy, N. Y.~ in 1850. When eleven years of age, Johnny did not take his books under his arm like a good boy and go to the district school. Not at all ; he ran away to New York City that he might go to the front with the Second New York Regiment. His family r_ecov ered him, but he soon escaped with a Vermont Regiment. It was not long before Jie was recaptured. Seeing that his military ardor must be satisfied he was finally allowed to go to work in the arsenal making cartridges. Johnny could not stay. With· two companions he started for the Erie canal. An uncle in Buffalo sent him home. He was sent to the St. Mary's Acaden1y in Troy, and it began to look for the first time as though he was going to be steady. . He left the institution in very good shape to go into a shoe store, but shortly learned the printing business. He was next agent for a bakery. A variety of experiences followed; a most painful one occurring March 22, 1877, when he fell seventy-five feet fron1 a flag pole on·a whole sale house, corner Market and Madison, when he broke l1is left hip and injured the base of his skull. W-est Town employes-Collector; C. Casselman, Jr., A. B. J.ohnson, · Thos. Martin, P. B. Meehan, A. H. Boyden, E. F. Murphy, J. McAllen, Bryan Donnelly, Dan O'Leary, Cyrus Lawrence, John Gaynor, M. Powers, James Clark, John Enright, John Flaherty, Sam E. Reed, Thos. Cratty, Ed Burke, and Jno. S. Quinn, Jr. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.

DENIS J. SvYENIE. Denis J. Swenie, Chief ].,ire Marshal of Chicago, was born in the city of Glasgow, Scotl3nd, in 1834. At the age of 14 he came to Chicago and engaged in the harness trade, continuing in this business up to 1859. During these years he ran ·with the boys of the volunteer fire de partn1ent. In 1849 he ·was a hose boy on No. 3, stationed at the corner of \Vells and I(inzie streets. In 1852 ~Ir. Swenie went on the "Red Jacket," and took the position of Assistant Foreman. In 1854 the company was dis banded, when he returned to No. 3. In 1856 he ·was ap pointed First Assistant Engineer. I-Ie was appointed Chief Engineer in .1858, and organized the paid steam fire depart ment. rrhe experin1ent was attended with considerable annoyance, the friends of the volunteer force being numer ous and persistent. Mr. Swenie however came out with flying colors, eliciting the unqualified approval of press and public. This was the birth of that department, which to- .day is second to no fire organization in the world. In 1861 Mr. Swenie took con1mand of the Liberty, sta tioned on North Dearborn street. _ In 1867 he brought his company over-to the Gund. He was Captain of this com pany when appointed First Assistant Fire Marshal, October 1873. In November, 1879, he was created Chief, to suc ceed Matthias Benner, the veteran fireman who embarked in the manufacturing of fire-escapes. In the traffic he is eminently successful. Chief Swenie is a wonderfully well-preserved man for 11 161 162 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. his experience. He was present in all of the great fires of his day. In the great fire of 1857 he took charge of the diggers, and recovered eighteen bodies out of twenty-three supposed to have been lost. In the historical conflagration of 1871 his exertions saved five entire blocks in the vicinity of Kinzie street bridge. The Chief is a man of the most valuable information, secured mainly by extended travel. Mr. Swenie declined the nomination for sheriff on the Democratic ticket in 1886 .

..WILLIAM MUSHAM. ,William Mushan1, First Assistant Fire Marshal and De partment Inspector, was born in Chicago, February 9, 1839. In February, 1855, h_e joined the volunteer fire de partment, attending to his business as a carpenter at the sanie time. Mr. Musha1n joined the Paid Fire Department in 1861, going first upon the "Little Giant," corner of Washington and Dearborn streets. He served as pipeman; was transferred to the "Atlantic," thence back to the ''Giant," but in a short time resigned and went to Philadel phia, where he served on the "Fairmount," in the volunteer fire department. On his return to Chicago, he went upon the "rr. B. Brown," serving as Assistant Foreman, up to 1868. He now went as Foreman upon the "Giant." After the Great Fire, March 1, 1872, he was appointed Third Assistant, and rapidly rose to his present responsible position. Mr. }fusham possesses the confidence of his n1en to a nota_ble extent, and, while not a man who n1akes acquaintances fast,. his outside friends are legion. A fall ing wall, at a fire at the corner of LaSalle and vVater streets, in 1865, severely injured him. Two of his heroic comrades were killed there. JOHN REDELL. The Chief of the First Battalion was born in New York City, Dec. 28, 1847, and is of English extraction. After THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 163 a brief experience on the New York and Erie Railroad, he came to Chicago in 1862, becoming a clerk in the estab l~shment of ,vills, Dunham & Hoyt, now Dunham & Wills, ship-chandlers. He afterward was proprietor of a grocery store, in which business he continued until after the fire. In February, 1873, he joined the Fire Department. He was first Pipen1an on Engine No. 11, then on 22, back to 11, where he was pron1oted as Lieutenant; then to 4, to 13, to 27, to 14, to Chemical 2; to 13, where he was made a Captain, and then to 11. vVhile here he ·was made Chief of the First Battalion. In 1866 the chief n1arried ~1iss Clara Denker, the daughter of Joseph Denker, an old settler and prominent clothier. JOHN H. GREEN. The Chief of. the Second Battalion is John Henry Green. He was born in Providence, R. I., Sept. 3, 1842. In this city he ran with Columbia Engine No. 12, while he worked for a silversmith. In 1860 he came to Chicago and worked as a printer four years. In 1864 he went as a Pipeman on Liberty Engine No. 7. Chief Swenie ·was then foreman of the company. In 1871 he ,vas made Captain of Hook and Ladder No. 3, and then of No. 14, which company do nated him a fire-hat and belt on leaving. He was Captain of Truck 3 until April 9, 1877, and an1ong other experiences stepped off a roof at the c·orner of Lake and Green streets, falling thirty feet, and went clown with the fourth floor to the second in a building on Jefferson street. Not long ago the l\tlarslial received a present of a diamond stud from the Mystie Owl Club, of which he is President.

FREDERICK J. GABRIEL. The Chief of the Third Battalion joined the Fire De partment April 1, 1869. In 1872 he resigned from the departn1ent, but in a few years returned. He was ap- 164 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. pointed Captain Jan. 9, 1876, and advanced to his present po sition in the fall of 1885. His experience as a fireman has been a rather noteworthy one, he having had several n1iraculous escapes from death by falling walls, etc. vVhen respond ing to a fire on the North Side, soon after his promotion as Chief, his buggy collided with an engine and he was thrown to the ground, breaking his leg. The fracture was a bad one and the Marshal was confined to his home for several months. JOSEPH C. PAZEN. The Chief of the Fourth Battalion, with headquarters in the house of Company 3, comn1anded by that v'et eran fireman, Captain Jack McLean, was born February 14, 1844, Ems. in the Dukedom of N·assau, Gern1any, and came to Chicago Decen1ber 29, 1854. Fron1 this elate he worked at his trade of confectionary until J u_ne, 1862, when he joined Company E, Sixty-fifth Regin1ent, Illinois Volunteers Infantry, then stationed at Can1p Douglas. Mustered out in June, 1865, he resumed confectionary, and followed it until September, 1867, when he went upon the Chicago Fire Departn1ent as Pipeman of Engjne Oon1pany No. 7, then at 611 ,vest Lake street. i,:e was made Captain of Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, on June 1, 1872, and served subsequently on Engine No. 23, ar~d Hook and Ladders 8 and 4. On the death of the lan1ented David Kenyon, who received fatal injuries while responding to a false alarm, he was 1nade acting Chief of the First Battalion, October 3, 1884. He was pron1oted Assistant Fire Marshal September 5, 1885.

ED,VARD vV. :MURPHY. The Chief of the Fifth Battalion was born in Chicago in 1854, where the Haven School now stands. Ile was first employed in 0. G. Udell's ladder factory, but soon went to Milwaukee, where he was engaged in running a THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 165

stationary engine. He spent some time after at Standing Rock Agency, Dakota _Territory, and Fort Snelling. In 1870 he came to Chicago, and worked as a fireman on the Illinois Central Railroad np to June, 1873, when he went upon the Fire Insurance Patrol. In 187 4 he went upon the Fire Department as Pipeman of Engine No. 6. He then went on Hook and Ladder No. 4, where he was made lieu tenant, and from there to Engine No. 10, whither he went to pilot the self-propeller. It was a perilous occupation indeed. When the horses were put back on No. 10 he went to No. 8. Transferred to No. 17, he was made a captain, and ren1a1ned with this compa~y for over five years. He was made Chief of Battalion in 1885. Chief Murphy is undoubtedly favored with a charmed life. He is the survivor of many a thrilling experience on duty. In June, 1877, at the fire in Reedy's Elevator, he took a trip from the top floor to the basement. He went down with seventeen others from the roof of the Academy of Music; was buried beneath falling walls at Meyer's :Ofills, where firen1.an James Conway was fatally injured and Cap tain Donahue, had his leg broken and was otherwise hurt, and had a blood-vessel of the brain ruptured by a collision with a huge stone on Canal street. Fireman 1viichael Sheehan had his arn1 broken in four different places, and fireman Louis Ernst had a leg broken at the san1e tin1e. Upon the Chief's unexpe.ctecl recovery the n1anufacturers of his district presented hin1 with a valuable watch and chain as a m~rk of appreciation for services rendered. In 1885 he fell fron1 the top floor of a burning building on South ·,v ater street. At this -fire Bird and lHulvihill received fatal injuries. Recently he has excelled hin1self in the saving of life. I-Ie has probably won the Tree medal. :M. 1V. CON'\VAY. The Chief of the Sixth Battalion, }fichael vVillian1 Conway, has been connectecl with the Chicago Fire De- 166 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. partment since 1853. In 1856 he joined the Garden City Hose Con1pany No. 6, but three years after went to Mem phis, ·where be wns when Fort Sn111ter ,vas first fired on. He at once enlisted in ?tiulligan 's Brigade, and during the war shared its perilous adventures. In 18G8 he joined Engine No. 5, which threw first water on the front of the big fire. In 1872 he went on Ten1pest I-lose Company, which used the first chemical engine. In 1873 he was made Captain of No. 17, and was then transferred to No. 7', where he was when appointed Marshal, and placed in charge of the Seventh Battalion. This was in 1875. In 1877 he took the Fourth Battalion, subsequently tho Fifth Battalion and finally the Third Battalion. The ~Iarshal was born in Ireland in 1852. In the fire of July, 1874, he was specially con1mended for heroism by the ].,ire Oom m1ss1oners. JOHN CAMPION. The Chief of the Seventh Battalion was born in 1849, in Kilkenny. In the same year the fan1ily came to Troy, New York, whence, after a brief stay, they removed to I(appinger's Falls, N. Y. In 1854 they ca1ne to Chicago, locating on Griswold street, now n1uch changed, and known as Pacific avenue. In those days the night-school was a feature, and old man Condon was a pro111inent educator. rro his custody the future fireman was given for a tiine. He subsequently attended St. Mary's and the James school. At sixteen he went to work in the Tinies office, and leaving there engaged in the shipn1ent of cattle, with headquarte1;s at the stock yard. This he pursued, travel ing extensively, up to the time of his appointn1ent on the Fire Department. rrhis was on April 1, 1870, _although he ran to fires years before. He went first on duty on No. 6. I-Iis pron1otion followed very fast. In 187 3 he was appointed a captain of a con1pany in the Exposi tion Building. In the san1e year he went on No. 2. In THE FIRE DEPARTl\IENT. 167

1874 he went back to No. 6; in 1875, to No. 7. In 1878 he stepped into the vacaincy caused by the death of George Rau, Captain of No. 1, and was promoted therefron1 April 8, 1882. Chief Oan1pion has been in many hard ex periences, but has been uniformly fortunate.

LEO :MEYERS. rrhe Chief of the Eighth Battalion ·was the first white male child born in Chicago. The event occurred June 26, 1834. vVhile he attended school he was a torch boy on Bucket Company No. 1. He after·ward served as Pipe man on the "Lawrence Hand '' engine No. 7 and Niagara No. 3. vVhen the pay clepart111ent was organized, he went on the " Island Queen.'' He i.vas afterwaTd foreman of ~ the U. P. Harris No. 5, up to 1863, when Chief I-Iarris appointed him Assistant l\farshal. 1-Ie resigned, shortly, however, for the forenutnship of Supply I-Iose No. 2, but shortly he accepted a position with the Babcock l\ianufac turing Oon1pany as a deliverer of apparatus. He was made Captain of No. 10, 1874, but was soon transferred to en gine 23. He was created Assistant Fire MarsJ1al in 1877 and has charge of the lumber district, a n1ost responsible po sition indeed. RICHARD FITZGERALD. The Chief of the Ninth Battalion, is one of the best natured n1en on the de1Jartinent. It does a person good once in a while to drop in on him. Mr. Fitzgerald was born in 1841., in Liinerick, Ireland. In 1848 the fa1nily ren10Yed to An1erica, and in 1857 our subject can1e to Chicago. He followed stone-cutting up to the tin1e he joined the Chicago Fire Departn1ent. He went on No. 10 as a Pipernan first, and subsequently served on Engine 6, Trucks 4 and 8, and Engines 2 and 29. I-Ie was pron1oted a Lieutenant in 1874, to Captain when on Engine 2, and September 5, 1885, to Chief of Battalion. 168 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF OHIO.AGO.

PETER SCHNUR. The Chief of the Tenth Battalion was born in the city of New York, September 28, 1842. When he was six months old his family came to Chicago, ~nd educated him here. At the outbreak of the war he joined Taylor's Chicago Battery, and among other battles, fought at Donelson, Bel mont, Shiloh, Arkansas Post, an~ Vicksburg, and July 24, 1864, he was n1ustered out. He went at once on No. 8 under the late Marshal Thomas Barry, but soon went on No. 7 under Captain Swenie. In 1872 he was made Assist ant _Foren1an of Engine 10, and shortly thereafter was made Captain of Hook and Ladder 2. In October, 1873., he was transferred as Captain to No. 14. On January 21, 1878, he was created Chief of the 1,hird Battalion. In March, 1882, he was given command of the Sixth Battal ion. The Marshal is very popular, not only at home, but with visiting firemen.

CHARLES S. PETRIE. Marshal Petrie, Secretary of the Fire Departn1ent, was born in Chicago, September 25, 1840~ '\Vhen he was fif teen, he comn1enced working f0r lVIcCormick's Reaper factory and at the san1e tin1e ran with Hose Con1pany No. 11. In 1857, after a trip to .Pike's Peak, he steamboated on the lVIississippi and l-Iissouri rivers, as an ass1stant engineer. In 1858, he went to Nashville, Tenn., and in 1862 n1arried there. Oon1ing to Chicago, he becan1e engi neer on the tug-boat Union. Ile then served as Assistant Engineer on. the "Atlantic Engine" No. 3 ; subsequently he was Engineer on the '' J. B. Rice" No. 10. He was Enghieer of No. 3 in 1872:, when he was appointed Third Assistant Fire Marshal. Ile was soon pron1oted to Second Assistant l\'1arshal. In 1877, he was made Superintendent of the Repair Shop, responding at the same ti111e to second. alarn1s and supplying the places of absent marshals. On THE FIRE DEPA.RTMENT. 169 the evening of October 12, 1880, he came very near losing his life at a fire in the _Acaden1y of Music, on Halsted street. On January 15, 1881, he was appointed Secretary. He has invented n1any improvements on the department,

MAURICE W. SHAY. The fire inspector, was born March 22, 1832, in Antig onish, Nova Scotia. vVhen he was six years old the family remored to Eastport, Maine, and then to Charlestown, Massachusetts, where at the age of fifteen "Sandy" ran with Warren Engine and Company No. 4. I-le was pres ent at the Haverhill street fire in Boston the following year with the same company. While he was running to fires he had also learned the cooper trade. In 1849 he went to Cleveland and joined Phmnix Engine Company No. 4 in 1850. He went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, two years after and joined the Eagle fire con1pany, but in 1855 he went back to the Phrenix at Cleveland, and in 1856 was elected Assistant Engineer of the Department. He served as such up to October, 1857, when he came to Chi cago. The New England I-louse fire was probably the most disastrous he fought while in Cleveland. In Chicago he was elected Pipen1an on Liberty Hose No. 6, and inside of a year he was 1nade Assistant Foreman. vVhen twenty three lives were lost at the D. B. Cooke fire on South Water street in 1857 he had a narrow escape. He was on the top rung of the ladder and foreman John 0. Dickey was at the botton1. Ile told Dickey to n1ove, but the un fortunate fore1i1an, not con1prehending the injunction, was instantly killed by falling brick, while Shay was thrown clear of it. In 1858, on the clisbancln1ent of No. G, he retired frou1 the service, but in 1861 went back on I-look and Ladd.er No. 1. In 1862 he went on the '' Little Giant." In 1864 he becan1e foren1an of the "Frank Sher n1an." In 1867 he becan1e foreman of the "Titsworth,'" 170 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF 'CHIC.A.GO. known in these .days as the crack company. I-Iere he be came popular, and with this apparatus he made his gallant fight against the fire of 1871. ·On October 3, 1873, he was created .Assistant Marshal, although tendered the Chief Engineership of the St. Paul department. In 1881 Shay ran to the rescue of Ottawa, Illinois, a distance of eighty-five miles in eighty-five n1inutes.

JOEL A. KINNEY. The ex-Chief-of the Fourth Ba~talion, doing duty at headquarters, Joel Agnstus Kinney, was born in the town of Lodi, Cattaraugus, N. Y., July 19, 1828. He first saw Chicago in 1837, but did not pern1anently locate here un til 1840. He attended the public school and worked in Long John's printing office, but like the n1ajority of the boys "ran with der macheen;" and at a fire at the corner of La .Salle and Lake street, he had rather a close call. At the age of sixteen he joine

a firen1an in realitv..) , and in 1855 was n1ade assistant foreman of the Departn1ent. \Vhen the paid departn1ent was organized he becan1e forenuin of the "Long John," but in 1860 went to Pike's Peak to dig for gold and did not find very n1uch. He came back on the Fire Department as foreman of Engine 2, but in 1867 went on No. 9. On ].,ebruary 14, 1874, he was made Assistant l\ilarshal. On the· 16th he took command of the Fifth Battalion. On May 1, 1880, he took charge of the Fourth Battalion. Marshal Kinney had narrow escapes when the roof of the dancing acaden1y on Ada st.reet fell; and the roof of the Ac.ademy of Music dropped. l\ifarshal Petrie and otir subject were the two principal characters on the stage that day, and they ap peared before a large audience.

:FREDERICK N. SHIPPY. One of the n1ost valuable clerks in the employ of the city is the .Assistant Secretary of the Fire D·epartn1ent. He THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 171 was born in Chicago within a stone's throw of the Rookery. He went upon the fire department in 1872, joining Engine Company 16, and afterward working on Chemical 1. and Hook and Ladder companies 1 and 4. In 1877 he was ap pointed to his present position. JOHN. P. BARRETT. Chicago's eminent electrician, John P. Barrett, was born in Auburn,, N. Y., in 1837. The family removing to Chicago in 1845, he was sent to the public school, where he industriously studied up to his fourteenth year, when his father dying he ,vent to work to support hin1self, his brother and three sisters. He adopted a seafaring life en gaging as a deck-sweep on the steamer Pacific, which run ning in connection with the Michigan Central Rail road, plied between New Buffalo, Chicago ancl l\'.Iil waukee. As a sean1an and n1ate he toiled up to 1857, when he went to New York and shipped for Cali fornia, whence he several times circun1navigated the I-Iorn. In 1858, while off the coast of Chili, his ves sel ,vas disn1asted, and he was so inj nred that ,after an experience of eighteen n1onths in the Mariner's Hospital of San Francisco, he abandoned the sea and came to Chi cago. Here August 1, 1862, Fire l\!Iarshal U. P. Harris, appointed hin1 watchman of engine company No. 1. Ile was then transferred to co.mpany No. 11, and thence to the cupola on the court house as bell ringer. In l\iiay, 1865, the fire alarn1 telegraph was instituted, and he becan1e an assistant in that service. From that hour his progress was rapid, until today he stands foren1ost, prob~bly, at the head of the largest 1nnnicipal telegraph in existence. An1ong l\Ir. Barrett's nun1erous inventions are the Barrett Auton1atic Joker, accelerating the receipt of the alarn1 of fire, by the departn1ent, and in conjunction with the chief of the police, the police patrol telegraph referred to exten sively elsewhere. 172 'l'HE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

DAVID M. RYLAND. The Chief Operator in the Fire .Alarm office is David Myron Hyland. He was born in Lowell, Mass., N oven1ber 12, 1850, and when six years of age, accompanied by his parents, located in Shannon, Ill., on a farm. The family rem~ving after two years to Chicago, David at tended the Kinzie School, and was subsequently sent to South Bend. In 1865 he retur1ied to Chicago and went to work for the Merchants Union Express Company. In 1867 he joined the Fire Departn1ent, becoming first a n+ember of Engine 3, then of T'ruck 2, then of Engines 6, 13, 12, and 17. .After the great fire he was transferred to Engine 11. In May, 1872, he entered the Fire .Alarm office as repairer, was subsequently created an operator, and in 1876 was appointed Chief Operator.

JOHN FITZPATRICK. Johnny Fitzpatrick, Operator in the Fire .Alarm office, has, 1n one way or another, been connected with telegraphy since he was eleven years old. He has thor oughly mastered the profession, and says he hopes to die at the keys. Our subject was born in Ireland, March 25, 1849_, but as he came to this country when an infant, he considers himself a native .Anierican. I-Iis yo:uth was spent in New York City. .At the age of eleven he en tered the employ of the New York ~Iagnetic Telegraph Co1npany, which has since consolidated with the VVestern Union. At the age of sixteen he w_as an operator. Sub sequently .he can1e to Chicago, and was en1ployed on the Chicago & Alton Railroad fron1 1873 to 1876. During the tlu~ee last years he was with the railroad he was train dispatcher. In the fall of 1876 he resigned his berth on the Chicago & Alton to accept a position in the City Fire Alarm and Telegraph office, where his services are indis pensable. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 173

WILLIA.)I CARROLL. William Carroll, presumably one of the oldest operators in the Fire Alarn1 service, was born in Payne, 0., March 22, 1854. In 1855, his parents n1oved to Iowa, where, up to 1872, the subject of this sketch traveled through the ordi nary branches of a common, school education. In this year Mr. Carroll can1e to Chicago, and soon became a warm friend of· the n1uch-lamented l\£ark Sheridan, President of the old Board of Police and Fire Commis~ioners. In 1874 he entered the service of the city. He comn1ands the confi dence of his many friends and associates.

FRANK J. LE"WIS. Frank J. Lewis was born in Chicago, April 9, 1865, attended Haven and ~Iosley high schools up to the age of sixteen, was appointed telegraph operator in Police De partment May 7, 1882, and occupies the same position now.

J Al!ES P. CRO'\VLEY. James Patrick Crowley, operator in the Fire Alarm Telegraph Office was born in Chicago, Oct. 22, 1862. He attended school in St. Patrick's Parish. He first worked in the Board of Trade telephone office, and in 1882 be came connected with the fire alarm service. He is the son of Captain Crowley, forn1erly of Engine No. 5.

J .A.COB F. )IEHREN. Jacob F. ~ehreu was born in Chicago July 31, 1857. Having attended the German Parish School, he entered St. Ignatius College in 1870 and studied there until 1873. \Vas first en1ployed by the Western Union and American District telegraph companies. In 1876 he commenced the n1anufacture of telegraph instruments, medical batteries, etc., at his home. He was so engaged until the riot in 1877, when the city employed him as an operator. In . 174 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

1881 he was allowed by Prof. Barrett to serve the An1erican Cable Company in laying the first underground cable along the Western Indiana Railway, extending fron1 1\'Iad ison to Twenty-seventh streets. In 1881, when the fire alarm telegraph repair shop was opened, he was transferred to that departn1ent and he is there now.

FREDERICK 1Y. GFND. Frederick W. Gund was born in Chicago, Nlay 22, 1851, attended St. Joseph's School until twelve years old, went to Notre Dame, Ind., from 1863 to 1866, joined the Fire Alarm Telegraph in 1867, under Prof. E. B. Chandler, and remained there until the fall of 1872, ,vhen, or shortly thereafter, he became a n1ember of Hook and Ladder Con1pany No. 3. He now went over to No. 17, but soon left to fill the vacancy made by a pron1inent ·men1ber of Supply Hose No. 3, under Captain Walters, at one tin1e Assistant Fire Marshal in the city of Chicago. Fro111 No. 3 he went to Engine No. 27, and thence to Ohen1ical No. 4, whence he was transferred to the Fire Alarn1 Telegraph, under its present Superintendent Prof. J. P. Barrett. This occurred May 11, 1875.

PRESENT ORGANIZATION OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. The following is the organization of the f:::e depart ment (Headquarters, City Hall). Fire Ma~shal and Chief of Brigade, D. J. Swenie; 1st Asst. Fire Marshal and Dept. Inspector, "'\Villiam H. NI nsh an1; Asst. Fire 1tiiarshal and ])ept. Secretary, Charles S. Petrie; l!ire Inspector, Maurice W. Shay-~ Chiefs of Battalion-1st, John Redell ; 2d, John II. Green ; 3d, Frederick J. Gabriel; 4th, Joseph C. Pazen; 5th, Edward W. Murphy ; 6th, Michael ,v. Conway ; 7th, John Cam- · pion; 8th, Leo Meyers ; 9th, Richard Fitzgerald; 10th, Peter Schnur ; Clerks, Joel A. Kinney, Fred N. Shippy; Supt. of horses, Eugene Sullivan ; Driver for Fire Marshal, 'THE FlRE DE:P.A..RTMEN'F. 115

Thomas Monaghan ; Drivers Fuel and Supp1y wagon,. Richard Stringer, Alfred Phillips, Willam L. Heartt.,. Lawrence Redmond, J oh:ri. Quinn. City Telegraph (Central Office~ City Hall. ).-Superin tendent, John P. Barrett ; Chief Operator, David M. Hyland; Operators, John Fitzpatrick, ,villiam Carroll, Harry Leser, Jacob F. Mehren; Repairers, Frederick W. Gund, James Fitzpatrick, Frank W. Swenie, Thomas Burns, John Mangan ; Electric Light Inspector, Clark C. Haskins ; Machinist, Charles F. Strubbe ; Linemen, Owen B. Dougherty, Charles Shaffer; Batteryman, Nils Olesen. Engine Company No. 1 (220 S. Franklin).-Captain, John Klett, 200 E.. Division ; Lieutenant, John Clingen, 1819 Butterfield; Pipemen, John Ryan, 2424 Sanger, John Canty, 410 Brown, Richard Kennedy, 20 Charles place, Henry Scott, 27 Sanger, C. Pipen1an, John Kaefer, 320 Blue. Island ave. ; Engineer, John Hammill,. 127 Lytle ; Asst. Engineer, George Leslie, 39 Plum; Driver, Patrick Murphy,. 114 Sebor ; C. Driver, James \Vall, 2026 S .· Dearborn. Engine Company No. 2 (2417 Sanger) .-Uaptain,. Lewis Fiene, 2876 Archer ave. ; Lieutenant, ,villiam J ~ Sweeney 2728 Archer ave. ; Pipemen, Joseph Stoltz, 49 Fin nel, Bernard McDonough, 3441 Dearborn; Engineer, Tim othy Moynihan, 166 Kossuth; Asst. Engineer, Robert A. ~Vhelan, 605 Twenty-fifth; Drivers., Isaac M. Adler, 512 Twenty-sixth, Jan1es D·wyer, 543 Twenty-sixth. Engine Company No. 3 (237 W. Chicago ave.).-Cap tain, John McLean, 276 N. nilay; Lieutenant, ..A..lexander T. Kopeto, 46 Cornell ; Pipemen, Ene! C. Anderson, 247 W. Chicago ave., Henry Nelson, 332 E. Division, Charles Schultze, 24 Jane; Engineer, Dominick 1'-1Ialatesta, 441 W. Huron ; Asst. Engineer, William H. Cogswell, 238 ,v. Chicago ave. ; Drivers, David Cowing, 201 W. Chicago ave., '\Villiam vVindle, 840 Milwaukee ave.; vVatchman,, Charles Miller,. 412 Sedgwick.. - 176 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Engine Company No. 4 (409 Larrabee) .-Captain, John G. Carlson, 39 N. Grove; Lieutenant, Thomas H. Maxwell, 464 \V ebster ave. ; Pipemen, Frank Geis 20 Hull; and Joseph ~IcCorn1ick, Engineer, Edward C. Knuth, 157 Fren1out ; .Asst. Engineer, Conrad Lisegang, 142 Dayton; Drivers, William Cary, 193 Orchard, .Adam Breit, 419 Larrabee ; Watchman, George W. Helmer 912 N. Halsted. Engine. Company No. 5 (197 S. J efferson).-Captain, William E. Hand, 1247 Wilcox ave.; Lieutenant, John Hall, 125 Brown; Pipemen, Frank Walters, 345 S. Halsted, John Cavanaugh, 230 DeKoven, James McDonough, 86 N. 1\1:arket; Engineer, Willian1 H. Sampson, 763 Carroll ave.; Asst. Engineer, Samuel U. Nield, 236 S. Green; Drivers, Peter F. Quinn, 119 S. Green, Nils Westergard, 388 Mil waukee ave. Engine Company No. 6 (143 Maxwell).-Captain, John J. Hennessey, 33 Silver; Pipemen, Patrick Foley, 134 W. Twelfth, John J. Evans, 85 Johnson, Michael ~icKeirnan, 484 S. Jefferson; Engineer, Robert Miller, 220 W. Eighteenth; .Asst. Engineer, "\Valter Daker, 39 Newberry ave.; Drivers, Matthew Prindiville, 116 Johnson, Frank Hohenadel, 31 7 S. Jefferson. Engine Company No. 7 (31 Blue Island ave. ).-.Captain, James Heaney, 199 Mather; Lieutenant, Cornelius Man ning, 20 Nebraska; Pipemen, John C. Connors, 535 W. Twelfth, l\fichael Kearns, 382 1,V. Harrison, Louis L. Ernst, 211 Forquer; Engineer, George D. Hahn, 425 W. Taylor; .Asst. Engineer, J an1es C. Syn1e, 380 W. Madison; Drivers, Martin ~furphy, 342 Blue Island ave., Patrick W. 1\1:urphy, 612 Loomis. Engine Company No. 8 (1921 Archer ave.).-Captain, Wn1. H. Townsend, 758 Twenty-seventh; Lieutenant, Stephen Scanlon, 469 Thirty-first; Pipernen, John Gahan, 335 Twenty-fourth, J a1nes Tobin, 2623 Butterfield, Michael THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 177

A. _Curry, 2170 Archer ave.; Engineer, Wallace T. Phelps, 3536 ·Butterfield; Asst. Engineer, Frank B. Hutchison, 229 Twenty-sixth; Drivers, Daniel I. Cleghorn, 1931 Archer ave., Frank J. Donnegan, 21 Plum; Watchman, Norn1an T. Ormsby. Engine Company No. 9 (2527 Cottage Grove ave.). Captain, Eugene Sweeney, 2U45 Cottage Grove ave. Lieut enant., l\riartin l\1ergenthaler, 27 Twenty-second pl.; Pipe men, Lorenz Schmidt, 2820 S. Park ave., John O'Leary, 700 Thirty-first; Engineer, George Leady, 3554 La Salle; Asst. Engineer, John Dawson, 2598 S. Park ave.; Drivers, James nfurnane, 68 Wilson, Jacob N. Reis., 3740 Stan ton ave. Enginb Company N o.10 (82 Pacific ave. ).-Captain, Rob ert 0. Paln1er, 3007 S. State; Lieutenant, James Tobin, 487 Fifth ave.; Pipemen, "\Villian1 Hart, 1451 S. State, Cornelius E. Sn1ith, 90 ~Iiller, l\Iichael Noon, 278 Clinton, Francis H. Curran, 461 I-lastings; C. Pipeman, John Duffy, 316 W. Congress; Engineer, ~iichael Heilmann, 1726 La Salle; Asst. Engineer, Jan1es Lundy, 138 Michigan; Driver, Edward Sweeney, 2s2·3 Cologne; Driver, Albert :Repin, 279 ,v. Taylor. · Engine Co1npany No. 11 (225 Michigan) .-Captain, Henry Greenho:ff, 127 Vedder; Lieutenant, lVIichael Ehret, 128 Chestnut; Pipemen, ,Villian1 O'Connell, 259 N. l\riar- ·ket, Patrick J. Falvey, 781\!Iilton ave., Edward Kelly, 225 lVIichigan; 0. Pipen1an, John Anderson, 43 Heine; En gineer, Thon1as H. Melvin, 18 Pine; Asst. Engineer, Alexander lVI QPherson, 172 Ontario; Drivers, Martin Sim mons, 286 N. Wells, J anies Kennedy, 229 N. l\iarket. Engine Company No. 12 (611 West Lake).-Oaptain, Paul Ditt, 250 Walnut; Lieutenant, Peter J. Vogt, 523 Noble; Pipemen, Arthur J. Kelley, 633 Austin ave., Patrick J. Brosnan, 14 Rumsey, Daniel J. McCarthy, 207 N. Green; Engineer, Thomas A. Clark, 141 N. Lincoln; 12 178 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Asst. Engineer, John J. Gleason, 514 W. Erie; Drivers., Hiram Ashman, 517 Park ave., George H. Wheeler, 761 Carroll ave. Engine Company No. 13 (19 Dearborn) .-Captain., John I-Iannon, 211 Illinois; Lieutenant, William H. Bart lett, 211 La Salle ave.; Pipemen, Daniel O'Kane, 19 Dear born, Peter H. Fleming, 35 Wesson, Louis Bittig, 11 Connors, ,villiam J. Mullin, 522 Hurlbut, John F. Sheridan, 65 W. Thirteenth; Engineer, Henry H. Mc Cue~, 430 vVabash ave.; Asst. Engineer, Jacob Braun, 542 E. Division; Drivers, Edward J. Kerr, 54 Goethe, Peter M~Grew, 183 Superior. Engine Company No. 14 (38 Chicago ave) .-Captain., George L. Taylor, 360 vVells; Lieutenant, Theodore G. Bernhardt, 483 Larrabee; Pipemen, Edward. E. Varges, 503 Larrabee, Hans H. Hen1b, 108 Oak, Peter Massion, 12 Starr; Engineer, John J. Berry, 498 Sedgwick; C. Assis tant Engineer, San1uel McDonel, 184 S. ~1:organ; Driver., Michael Finn, 208 North ave; 0. Driver, John W. An derson, 43 Heine. Engine Company, No. 15 (305 W. Twenty-second). Captain, James Enright, 2619 Joseph; Pipemen, John Belsky, 612 ,v. Eighteenth, John Padden, 308 ,v. Twenty second, John Dooly, 308 W. Twenty-second; Chief Pipe man, James Sullivan, 734 W. Twenty-first; Engineer, Charles L. Cory, 3248 Illinois ave.; Asst. Engineer, Henry Clohecy, 308 W. Twenty-second; Drivers, Michael Barrett, 847 W. Twenty-second, Christian Heiser, 140 Oanalport ave. Engine· Company No. 16 (287 Thirty-first ).-Captain, Nicholas Dubach, 2807 Fifth ave.; Lieutenant, George W. Weller, 346 E. Twenty-second; Pipen1en, Willian1 ·vernon, 3132 Lake Park ave., Joseph Ross, 3107 Wentworth ave.; Engineer, James F. Enrjght, 3634 Stanton ave.; Asst. En gineer, Joseph A. McLaughlin, 3150 S. State; Drivers, THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 179

Edward Moran, 490 Thirtieth, William O'Brien, 2118 Ar nold; Watchman, Nicholas J. Pauls, 2967 Wentworth ave. Engine Company No. 17-Double Company-{80 W. Lak'e).-Captain, John Lynch, 20 Nebraska; Lieutenants, Edward Byrne, 570 Fulton, Lawrence A. Shean, 247 W. North ave.; Pipen1en, John W. Flynn, 49 Goethe, Charles Harbig, 162 N. Peoria, Frederick A. Slo~t, 134 W. Twelfth, John F. J orndt, 136 W. Erie, Niichael J. Lahey, 22 W. Eleventh, John Ralson, 236 N. Halsted, David Parr, 155½ S. Desplaines; Engineers, ""\Villiam M. Wise, 51 S. Curtis, Charles Blon1, 907 N. Halsted; Asst. Engineers, Patrick H. Quinn, Madison and Desplaines, Jaimes I-I. Hickey, 63 W ."Lake; Drivers, John licDonnell, 42 Ruble, Herman C. I-Iaas, 155J S. Desplaines; Chief Driver, Robert J. Hamil ton, 80 vV. Lake; Pipeman, Det. Watchman, James H. Healy, 25 Clybourn ave. Engine Company No. 18 (438 W. Twelfth).-Captain, Hugo Franzen, 404 Maxwell; Lieutenant, Michael Driscoll, 243 S. Halsted; Pipernen, Luke Waters,. 22 Arthington, Thomas Conroy, 12 vValsh ct.; Engineer, Fred Allen, 361 Center ave; Asst. Engineer, Edd. Hunt, 318 ,V. Twelfth; Drivers, John Twaddle, 11 Sholto, Harvey E. Bean 358 S. May. Engine Company No. 19 (3451 Cottage Grove ave.). Captain, John Fitzgerald, 2914 S. Park ave.; Lieutenant, James T. Foley, 2844 Lowe ave.; Pipemen, John Cranby, 19 University pl., Theodore Lagger, 326 Twenty-third; Engineer, John 0. Cooney, 3700 Ellis ave.; Asst. Engineer, Samuel Patt~rson, 3806 Cottage Grove ave.; Drivers, Mi chael Daly, 3527 Prairie ave., Claudius Blair, 3638 Stanton ave Engine Company No. 20 (39 Rawson) .-Captain, Charles T. Brown, 39 Rawson; Lieutenant, If'rederick Stift, 55 Center; Pipen1en, Matthew Kettern, Engine House, Will iam McDermott, 162 Seminary ave.; Engineer, George 180 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Lathrop, 129 Webster ave.; Asst. Engineer, Charles M. Rost, 276 W. North ave.; Drivers, Timothy Clifford, 41 Goethe; John Montgomery, 43 A. Engine Company No. 21 (7 Taylor).-Captain, Joseph L. Kenyon, 468 S. State; Pipemen, Anthony l\tlakens, 225 Third ave,, Jan1es E. Porter, 2834 Butterfield, Richard ~r. Oaeser, 466 S. State, Charles Scott, 211 Third ave.; Engi neer, \Villian1 \V atkins, 3122 S. Dearborn; Asst. Engineer, William H. Cartwright, 435 Twenty-fourth; Drivers, Ste phen Paine, 1719 S. State, Marshall ,v ard, 474 S. State. Engine Company No. 22 ( 454 "\Vebster ave. ).-Captain, James J. ,v alsh, 47 Grove ct.; Lieutenant, Peter Lawson, 183' Center; . Pipemen, Willian1 Schubert, 1.23 Osgood, Willian1 .l\tfullin, 522 Hurlbut; Engineer, Francis Berry, 203 Lincoln ave.; Asst. Engineer, John Calahan, 935 N. Halsted; Drivers, vv... illia111 J. l\tioore, 95 Fremont, Frede rick J. V arges, 312 Burling. Engine Company No. 23 (54 Hinn1an).-Captain, John McDonough; 547 S. Leavitt; Lieutenant, John Elliott, 77 Sholto; Pipemen, John J. Flemming, 706 Hinman, Michael Cummings, lOH Newberry, ave.; Engineer, Levi A. For ester, 33 Moore; Asst. Engineer, Gerold Allen, 734 Hin man; Drivers, John G. Risedorph, 652 Twenty-first, John McGinn, 665 S. May. Engine Uon1pany No. 24 (1009 ,v. ~fadison).-Oaptain, Frank H. Butt~rfield, 1088 vV. l\tiadison; Lieutenant, Pe ter A. Lynch, 1021 ,v. Monroe; Pipe1nen, Charles Thomp son, 150 Owasco, and Benedict Rudolph, 1248 Fulton; Engineer, Henry V. Colen1an, 271 Campbell ave.; Asst. Engineer, George H." Fisher, 209 Can1pbell ave.; Drivers, Reuben Bunnell, 977 Wilcox ave., and Lawrence Drooney, 1067 W. Monroe. Engine Company No, 25 (127 Canalport ave).-Cap tain, Christian Schimmels, 571 S. Halsted; Lieutenant, William Hanlon, 703 S. Halsted; Pipemen, Frederick "\V. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 181

Buehler, 370 Johnson, and George W. Dow, 342 Blue Island ave.; Engineer, Frank Michels, 361 W. Polk; Asst. Engineer, Charles vVelch, 526 S. Halsted; Drivers, John J. O'Brien, 364 W. Fourteenth, and Peter IIart, 1629 S. Clark. Engine Company No. 26 (142 N. Lincoln).- Captain, Charles A. Anderson, 393 W. Huron; Lieutenant, Robert L. Hunt, 222 ,v alnut; Pipemen, Charles E. Case, 976 W. Lake, and George W. Albrecht, 10 En1erson ave.; Engi neer, John Michels, 31 Eyers ct.; Asst. Engineer, George J. Fuller, 704 W. Chicago ave.; Drivers, George N. Jew ett, 14 Rumsey, and John Adank, 518 Park ave. Engine Con1pany No. 27 (437 N. "\Vells).- Captain, Nicholas Weinand, 393 Oak; Lieutenant, George B. Mil ler, 89 Sigel; Pipemen, George E. Geis, 431 Elm, John Rowan, 332 N. Branch, and Frank Burger, 615 Larrabee; Engineer, Frank B. Flynn, 30 Menominee; .Asst. Engineer, Matthew Geis, 61 Mohawk; Drivers, John T·. O'Malley, 26 Superior, and.John Fleck, 679 Sedgwick. Engine Con1pany No. 28 (104 Deering).- Captain, James Fitzpatrick, 2888 Archer ave.; Lieutenant, John B. J ain1ayfield, 2645 llickory; Pipemen, Peter Phelan, 2947 .Arch, and Henry Kip]ey, 2802 Archer ave.; Engi ne_er, John Doyle, 3729 Dearborn; .Asst. Engineer, Charles Cooney, 3700 Ellis aYe.; Drivers., J an1es l\1:aloney, 2807 I-Iickory, and Bartholon1ew Cloonan, 2922 l\'1ain. Engine Con1pany No. 29 (846 Thirty-fifth).- Captain, David J. Mahaney, 2100 La Salle; Lieutenant, Thon1as Kenny, 3332 En1erald ave.; Pipernen, John Downs, 2907 Lo,ve aYe., and iiichael Clark, 3814 Dashiel; Engineer, Jan1es Kingswell, 3251 La Salle; Asst. Engineer, ,John D. Sleeth, 3122 S. Halsted; Drivers, Victor F. Rofinot. 3022 Emerald ave., and Patrick Fleming, 3220 En1erald ave. Engine Con1pany No. 30 (514 N. Ashland ave.).- Cap tain, Norman N. Holt, 706 ,v. Chicago ave.; Lieutenant, 182 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF' CHICAGO.

Bernard Smith, 526 "\V. Chicago ave.; Pipemen, William Fries, 178 Orchard, and John B. Listn1an, 95 George; En gineer, John A. Prindergast, 420 ,v. I-Iuron; Asst. Engi neer, Joseph Cichocky, 29 Cornell; Drivers, Joseph R. Howe, 20 Fry, and Charles Fliek, 514 Ashla11d n;re. Engine Co1npany No. 31 (374 Ogden ave.).- Captain, Joseph O'Donohue, 1020 W. Taylor; Lieutenant_. Thon1as J. Canty, 908 "\V. Twelfth; Pipen1en, Jan1es Whelan, 1140 W. Jackson, and J·an1es R. Feeny, 171 Thirteenth pl.; Engineer, George vV. Dugan, 301 vV. Jackson; Asst. En gineer, Martin Aldrich, 615 V{. Twelfth~ Drivers, James A. Carlin, 870 "\V. IIarrison, and James I-Ianrahan, 111 N. Lincoln. Engine Co1npany No. 32 (Michigan ave. and lVIonroe, north end Exposition Building).- Captain, Daniel Wall, 410 W. Taylor; Lieutenant, John I-Iaeberle, 186 Sedgwick; Pipemen, John 0. Day, 140 lVIichigan ave., Frederick Kaeder, 1909 S. State, Conrad Ruhl, 2238 vVentworth ave., ,J an1es Lafevonr, 495 vV. Indiana, and Joseph I-Ieaney, 658 "\V. Twenty-first; Engineer, Timothy J. Lynch, 225 N. J\farket; Asst. Engineer, John I-Iassis, 239 N. l\'1arket; Drivers, John Murphy, 566. W. Fourteenth, and Edward B. Silsby, 21:16 ,v entworth ave. Engine Company No. 33 (150 Southport ave.).-· Cap tain, Lorens vValters, 144 Dearborn ave.; Lieutenant, Ed ward O'Neill, 292 Huron; Pipen1en, Ja111es J. Grant, 84 "\Vebster ave., and Cleinens Moringer, 83 lVIohawk; Engi neer, Francis R. Sowersby, 51 Osgood; Asst. Engineer, Charles '\V. ·Hopkins, 86 "\Vebster ave.; Drivers, John Ty son, 82 Grant pl., and George Steuernagle, 12G "\Vebster ave. Engine Con1pany No, 34 (19 South Curtis).-Captain, Thon1as "\Vebber, 299 Austin ave._; Lieutenant, Patrick J. Jennings, 85 Thirteenth pl.; Pipen1en, Philip E. Haas, 139 N. Lincoln, John C. Goodwin 549 S. Leavitt, Daniel Murphy, 493 S. Morgan; Engineer, Charles H. Waters, THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 183

349 Center ave.; Assistant Engineer, George B. Hargan, 315 vV. Taylor; Drivers, Dennis Layden, 14 Wright, George Frinier, 459 W. Twelfth. Engine Con1pany No. 35 (478 vV. North ave).-Captain, August L. Schubert, 787 \Vashtenaw ave.; Lieutenant, Alfred vV. Pendleton, Engine House; Pipen1en, ,Villian1 C. Ffrher, 30 Evergreen ave., Henry I{aulbach, 66·7 ~iil ,vaukee ave.; Engineer, ,Villia1n II. I{line_, 468 ,v. North ave.~ Assistant Engineer, vVilder B. Card, 560 ,v. North ave.; Drivers, Henry A. ~Iichels, 28 l\1:artine ct., Joseph O'Malley, 1118 N. Oakley ave. Engine Co1npany No. 37 (River Fire Boat, ...i\..llen's Slip, May and Twenty-second).-Captain, \Villian1 .A.. Cowan, 2863 Deering; Pipen1en, Aaron Jansen, 256 Blackhawk, Frederick Goetz, 140 Canalport ave.; Pilot, iiichael J. Driscoll, 14 lVIenoininee; Fireinan, John F. \Veine, 303 W. Twenty-second; Engineer, Robert Nicholson, 3058 lVIain, Assistant Engineer, Daniel F. Rice, H Carl; Assistant Pilot and Pipeman, James E. Nolan, 303 ,v. Twenty second. IIook and Ladder Company No. 1 (84 Pacific ave). Captain, Peter Trainor, 126 Sebor; Lieutenant, Patrick Donahue, 148 W. Jackson; Truckn1en, Henry Schroeder, 274 ,V. Twelfth, Thomas P. Breen, 336 S. l\lorgan, Otto H. lVfiller, 323 'fwenty-third, \Villia1n Langdon, 464 S. Desplaines, George Baun1an, 78 Twenty-fifth, Frederick I-Ieiln1ann, 315 ·S. State_. Patrick 0. Neil, 29 Chathan1 ct.; Truckman, :B::dgar I(. :Hand, 1605 ,Vabash ave.; Driver, George ,v. Cooke, 28;2 IIonore. Hook ancl Ladder Con1pany No. 2 (195 S. Jefferson). Captain, ,Yillian1 C. ,Tan Osdel, 320 "\V. Harrison ; Lieu tenant, James Pu111phrey, 188 Brown ; rrruckmen, Jacob Klein, 442 S. Clark, J an1es Papineau, 386 l\faxwell, J an1es 1t'IcGraw, 320 W. Harrison, John Long, 37 Ruble, Michael J. Reiser, 320 W. Harrison, Thon1as Hanson, 276 W. Tay- 184 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHIC.AGO. lor, Tin1othy Smith, 179 N~ Ashland ave., Thomas O'Day, 494 W. Fourteenth; Driver, James Drew. 493 S. Morgan. Hook and Ladder Con1pany No. 3 (179 E. Erie). Captain, Frederick I. Ries, 76 Howe; Lieutenant, Francis Conway; 318 vVebster ave., Truckmen, Thomas L. Conway, 179 Erie, August Seeger, 179 Erie, Joseph M. Cone, 179 Erie, Thomas L. Conway, 77 Cherry, John S. Hanson 124 W. Indiana, James Sweeney, 332 N. Franklin, Luke L. Agnew, 223 Elm; Drivers, llehner Hermanson, 188 Sedg wick, ~Iartin Lacy, 158 LaSalle ave. ij:ook and Ladder Company No. 4 (322 E. Twenty-sec ond).-Oaptain, David W. Evans, 3037 Lyn1an; Lieutenant, Michael McNamara, 98 ~fcGregor ; Truckmen, Patrick Carroll, 164 W. Twenty-first, John Cahill, 1241 Wabash ave., James Horan, 1916 Butterfield, vValter Stephens, 3133 \Vahl, John L. Haslitt, 3025 Shields ave., Willian1 J. Burroughs, 322 E. Twenty-second, John ,v agner, 2100 S. Clark, Thon1as Barry, 322 Twenty-fourth; Driver, Matthe,v Hartigan, 2119 vVentworth ave. Hook and Ladder Company No. 5 (440 ,v. Twelfth). Captain, Paul F. A. Pundt, 826 ,v. Twelfth; Truck1nen, John Sullivan, 482 Center ave., John Schott, 342 Blue Island ave., Dennis j\fcSweeney, 243 S. I-Ialsted, John Gorn1ly, 858 S. Ashland a,e., Ja1nes J. Masterson, 319 W. Twelfth; 0. 'l"'ruckn1a11, John I-Iar111011, 66 ,v. Nineteenth; Driver, Henry Lincoln, 219 Blue Island ave. Hook and Ladder Con1pany No. 6 (218 S. Franklin). Oaptain, Patrick 0 .. 1\1:alley, 245 l\Iohawk; Lieutenant, PatricK Doyle, 107 Sholto; Truckn1en, Thon1as Hannon, 71 Sholto, John Cran1er, 416 North ave., Thon1as Flavin, 193 Blackhawk, Benjan1in 0. Connor, 172 E. Indiana, James Redn1ond, 48 Boston ave., Stephen Gleason, 58 Finnell, Edward O'Brien, 44 Gurley, Owen ,vhite, 3707 Prairie ave.; Drivers, Michael Ahern, 109 vV. lVIadison, John Quinn, 118 Brown~ THE FIRE DEPART:MENT. 185

Hook and Ladder Co-mpany No. 7 (440 N. Lincoln). Captain, John Cook, 654 Carroll ave.; Lieutenant, Jacob Grauer, 432 W. Huron; Truckn1en, Patrick O'Connor, 573 Carroll ave., James McCabe, 976 W. Lake, William Burns, 592 Austin ave., Thomas Bidwell, 478 Austin ave., Herman Reich, 23 Bauman, John McCarthy, 375 W. Polk; Driver, Thomas Haley, 520 vV. Indiana. Hook and Ladder Company No. 8 (102 Deering). Captain, Isadore P. Smith, 2854 Archer aYe.; Lieutenant, John vV. Powers, 2952 Main; Truckn1en, Anthony Lagger, 3233 Wallace, August W. Wachholz, 2827 Bonfield, Tim othy Murphy, 2811 Hickory, James Burke, 2102 Fifth ave., George T. Marks, 2859 Deering, George \V. ·rebbins, 2621 Mary ; Driver, Elmer E. Hartranft, 2913 Lyman. Hook and Ladder Company No. 9 (Michigan ave. and Monroe, north end Exposition Building) .-Captain, John Nichol, 1323 Michigan ave.; Lieutenant, Charles Seyfer lich, 489 Fifth ave.; Truckmen, William .Bomhake, 288 Rush, Peter Curres, 241 Chestnut, l\Iichael Moran, 1938 Archer ave., Thon1as Gallagher, 182 Shern1an, Joseph J. Feely, 1621 \Vabash ave., Jeren1iah J. Lorden, 468 ,v.

Twelfth, Thon1as' O'Niallev,v 151 \V. Jackson; Drivers., Thon1as Findley, 13 Newberry ave., Stephen Keegan, 351 Twenty-sixth. · 11ook and Ladder Company No. 10 (524 l-I. I-Ia]sted). Captain, David O'Connell, 127 Larrabee ; Lieutenant, Thon1as J. Carney, 248 E. Chicago ave.; Truckmen, John Tangney, 237 ~Iohawk, Hobert G. Linberg, 524 N. Hal sted, Nicholas Powers, 24 Grace, John Riley, 26 Grace, Henry Becker, 29 Eugenie, George \Voelfing, 580 N. l\Iar ket; Driver, John P. Kelley, 23 Judson; Driver, John Trent, 742 N. llalsted. Chen1ical Engine Oon1pany No. 1 ( 49 W. Washing ton) .-Lieutenant_, Willia111 D. Quirk, 18 Belknap; Pipe men, Charles Foren1an, 144 N. Morgan, John Carmody, 186 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

468 W. Twelfth ; Driver, John Kelly, Ashland and Archer avs. Chen1ical Engine Company No . 2 ( 86 "\V . Erie) . - Lieutenant, Willian1 T. J\,f. Figg, 260 W. Chicago ave.; Pipen1en, John V. Shay, 126 S. Desplaines, John C. Thon1e, 2109 S. Clark ; Driver, Thomas Fitzgerald, 106 Marble pl.

THE POMPIER CORPS. This service is an invaluable adjunct of the fire depart me:µt. Originating in St. Louis, it has gradually found its way into the n1ajority of n1etropolitan places, and has proven of incalculable good in the saving of lives at fires. The apparatus which is attached to the several Hook and Ladder con1panies of Chicago is a scaling ladder about six teen feet long. At its upper end is a wrought iron hook with a serated inner edge, reaching about three feet, and clutching securely any ·window sill. rrhe rungs or foot places for the n1an or n1en who use the ladder protrude about six inches on either side of the pole. The pompier meit wear a broad belt around the waist. It is of canvas and leather about six inches wide and can sustain several persons. To this belt a strong strap attaches a wrought iron snap hook, whereby the n1an can preserve his balance by using both hands. By taking a few turns of a rope around the hcok the men can not only lower then1selves by means of the rope, but even take a couple with then1. The rope is 100 feet long, half an inch thick, of the best quality or ll°en1p, and weighs only four pounds. There are a ground ladder and time drill, evolutions on ladders, des cent, straddling sills, ascending in oblique directions, and rope exercises. Placing the ladder on the ground the n1en raise the ladder to the breast, ancl then place the ladder horizontal above the head : At a fire No. 1 places his ladder against the building THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 187

and raises it so that the neck of the ladder touches the building: Then the hook is turned into the building over the sill. Then No. 1 starts up to the second story on the lad der. Reaching the hook, ancl with both feet close to the pole, he fastens his snap hook to the neck of the ladder, and by leaning back so steadies hin1self as to raise the next ladder. No. 2 hands him this which he raises to the third story. No. 2 climbs to the second story, and then raises the ladder of No. 3, and thus the chain is made. Four men on ::Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, have frequently scaled a ninety-five foot tower in less than two minutes. vVhen rooms have high ceilings by the aid of the pon1pier ladder a n1an can reach six feet higher, standing on the sill, than by working fron1 an ordinary ladder. Eight n1en at the san1e time can coYer four different parts of the buildings or front of a row of buildings. One man with the apparatus can n1ount. to the top of a building. Reaching the top of the ladder the n1an straddles the ·window sill and lifts the ladder to the window of the next story. When two n1en operate the ladder, No. 1 enters the window by straddling the sill, No. 2 follo,vs and is held in position by No. 1, who catches No. 2 by his snap hook. The rope is the most a rel nous part of the drill. rrhe life line is used only in case there is one person to be saved or the pon1pier is cut off. The upper encl of the rope is fastened to the neck of the highest ladder, then the pompier stands on the sill and the person to be saved or the other l)On1pier thrusts his head through the out-stretched limbs of the first, holding the handles of the latter's belt. The turns around the snap-hook act as a block and the descent can be n1ade slowly or rapidly by one or both hands of the first. 188 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

While many lives have been saved by this service, the life of the pompier corps is yet a very perilous one.

THE FIRE ALA.RM SERVICE. Up to the introduction of the electrical fire alarm sys tem, in case of fire the signal from the alarm bell was, in every instance preceding the district number, eight strokes of the bell, and then as follows : First district, 1 stroke ; second, 2 strokes ; third, 3 strokes ; fourth, 4 strokes ; fifth, 5 strokes ; sixth, 6 strokes. For a general alarm the sig~al was the continual ringing of the bell. On June 2, 1865, the systen1 was inaugurated with 120 n1iles of wire; 106 signal boxes; fourteen engine house gongs ; six bell strikers ; six dial instrun1ents for police purposes and central office apparatus, costing $70,000. The first engine responding to a call the " Economy " half a mile distant made it in thirteen minutes; the ''Northern Star Hose," t-wo and a half miles in nineteen 111inutes. E. B. Chandler was the first Superintendent and his assistant was John P. Barrett, the present Superinten dent. The service has advanced beyond this: 3,478 tele graph poles, 565 miles wire in air, 28 n1iles wire in cables, 511 fire-alarm boxes, 174 keyless doors, 40 jokers and at tachn1ents, 13 bells and strikers, 52 engine-house gongs, 332 telephones, 3,100 battery jars, 1 four-dial repeater.

VOLUNTEER SERVICE. The follovling were the chiefs of the volunteer fire de partment: Hiram I-Iugunin, 1835, six 1nonths; George W. Snow, 1836, one year; John M. Turner, 1837, one year; Luther Nichols, 1840, one year; A. S. Sherman, 1841-2, two years; Stephen F. Gale, 1843-6, three years; 0. E. Peck, 1847-8, two years; .Ashley Gilbert, 1849, one year; C. P. Bradley, 1850-1, two years; U. P. Harris, 1852-3, two years; James M. Donnelly, 1854, one year; Silas THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 189

McBride, 1855-6, two years; Denis J. Swenie, 1858-9, two years. The first volunteer engine company was organized Dec. 12, 1835, and ·was called the Fire King. Its offi cers were S. G. Trowbridge, For-eman; Alvin Calhoun, Assistant-Foreman; A. D. Han1ilton, Secretary; H. G. Loon1is, Treasurer; and Ira Kimberly, Steward. On Dec. 11, 1837, the second engine was organized. It was called the Tradesman's, afterward the J\'Ieta1nora. Follow ing is a list of the con1panies with their foreman and date of organization up to the birth of the paid fire depart ment: Name. Organized. Foreman. Niagara ...... Nov., 1844. George F. Foster. Red Jacket ...... Nov., 1846. F. T. Sherman. Excelsior ...... Nov., 1846. A. S. Sherman. Garden City ...... Aug., 1849. Charles :Morton. Lawrence ...... Sept., 1850. Mathew Conley. Waubansia ...... Dec., 1851. Frank Hathaway. New England...... Feb., 1854. W. B. Bateham. Washington...... Jan., 1855. John Schanks. Wideawake ...... Jan., 1856. George Ross. Neptune ...... Feb., 1856. H. Beebe. Red Rover ...... Jan., 1857. T. E. Courtney. Torrent ...... l\ilarch, 1857. John M. Lambin. Northern Liberty...... Dec., 1858. Conrad Foltz.

HOSE COMPANIES. Philadelphia ...... Jan., 1845. J. B. Johnson. Hope...... Oct., 1850. S. 0. Eames. Lone Star ...... Dec., 1b51. L. Meyer. Lafayette ...... : ...... Sept., 1855. M. W. Powell. Liberty ...... Dec., 1856. John B. Dickey. Lady Washington ...... Jan., 1857. John R. Clark.

HOOK AND LADDER COMPANIES. Pioneer ...... Oct., 1835. Rescue •.....•...... Nov., 1855. L. Warwick. Empire ...... March, 1857. A. Reary. 190 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.uO.

THE PAID FIRE DEPARTMENT. Under the paid systen1 in 1860 the first roster was as follows: Chief of the Department, U. P. Harris; First Assistant, Darius Knight; Secon_d Assistant, J. J. Lang don; Fire Con1n1issioners, ·South Division, Ira Coleman; North Division, D. H. Howard; vVest Division, C. A. Warner. y olunteer Con1panies: Niagara Engine Com pany, No. 3; America, No. 9; Neptune, No. 11; Torrent, No. 13; Northern Liberty, No. 15; Union, No. 8. Paid

Department: ~tean1 Engine "Long John," No. 1; "En terprise," No. 2; "Atlantic," No. 3; "Island Queen," No. 4; U .. P. Harris, No. 5; Little Giant, No. 6. Fire districts same as in 1858. The following have been the chiefs of the paid depart n1ent: D. J. Swenie, 1859; U. P. Harris, 1859-68; R. A. Williams, 1868-73; succeeded by Mr. Benner and the pres ent incumbent, D. J. Swenie. The alarm for the great fire was sounded from box 342, THE FIRE DEP.A.RT:MENT. 191

at 9:20 P.M., October 8, 1871. The "Little Giant" No. 6, was the first arrival. 'I.1he fire started in a cow stable owned by }\,fr. Thomas O'Leary, in the rear of 137 DeKoven street. A fierce southwest wind prevailed, and all combustible matter was very dry. The firemen were very much fatigued by their labors at a very large fire the night preceding. They worked with a ·will, but unavail ingly. In one hour and fifteen minutes the flames had swept away thirty-two blocks of buildings, covering eighty acres, and involving a loss of about $1,475,000. The con flagration having spread to the south division the depart n1ent hurried thither. No earthly power, however, could stay the flan1es. "\Vithin the space of twenty-eight hours 25,000 buildings, covering 2,000 acres, had been destroyed. R. A. "\Villiams was fire marshal at the time ; John Schanck, First Assistant; Lorenz W~alters, Second Assistant; Matthias Benner_, Third Assistant. The following companies were engaged in the uneven contest with the flames. They had nine :rnembers each, commanded by the men named : Long John, A. McMonagle; W aubansia, l\L Sullivan ; vVm. Jan1es, J. McLean; Jacob Rehm, G. Charlson; Chi cago, 0. Schin1mels ; Little Giant, James Enright ; Econ on1y, N. Dubach; Frank Sherman, J. A. Kinney; J. B. Rice, J. J. Walsh; A. 0. Coventry, L. J. "\Valsh; T. B. Brown, F. W. Tapling; A. D. Titsworth, ]\L W. Shay; Frederick Gund, D. J. Swenie; Illinois, ,villiam Mullin; Winnebago, John Dreher ; R. A. vVilliams, 0. T. Brown. The following were the Hook and Ladder Companies : No. 2, M. Schull ; 3, J. H. Green : 4, George Ernst. No. 7 Engine Company was a relief engine, and was located. at 80 West Lake street, and Benjan1in Rice was engineer. Two hose elevators and the following supply hose carts . . were 1n service ~ 192 THE I>OLITI0AL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

No. 1, Leo :Nieyers; 2, John Dorsey; 3, Matthew Schuh; 4, J. C. Schn1idt ; 5, J. J. Grant; 6, rrhomas Barry. Three fire engines were destroyed, the "William Jan1es.,'' the "Liberty;" which ·were in the repair shop, and the "Fred Guncl," which was lost at the corner of Canal and V anBuren streets. Fire Marshal Swenie was foren1an of the com.pany at the tin1e. The following firemen have lost their lives in the service: Charles Albert, August 31, 1883; Nicholas Barth, May 3, 1867; George Berg, March 5, 1869; Erastus S. Bowen, October 19, 1883; Charles Bird, May 3, 1885; John Culling, January 10, 1870; John Carroll, January 1, 1876; Jan1es F. Conway, January 22, 1881; Henry rr. Coyle, July 14, 1879; Edward Cudmore, December 9, 1885 ; John Farrell, Tuiarch 12, 1874 ; George E. Fuller, January 7, 1875; Ignatuis Geis, June 7, 1865; John Geis, May 3, 1867; Daniel Heartt, January 7, 1866; Jacob Heldt, May 3, 1867 ; Daniel Hartnett, July 12, 1877 ; John Hanlon, January 5, 1881; George A. Kelly, Noven1- ber 7, 1882; David B. Kenyon, October 25, 1884; Peter liarayette, March 5, 1869 ; Martin Mulvey, May 3, 1885 ; Andrew J. McEvoy, ~fay 22, 1883; Patrick Murphy, October 19, 1883 ; Charles Noble, September 23~ 1866 ; Thomas O'Brien, March 5, 1869 ; John O'Rourke, N ovem ber 14, 1877; Thomas O'Shaughnessey, October 14, 1880; ,v illiam H. Perry, June 4, 1881 ; George H. Rau, August 8, 1879; John H. Straining, November 14, 1877 ; Richard J. Sweeney, January 10, 1877; Edward Sn1ith, June 20, 18~0 ; Michael Sullivan, June 23, 1883 ; William Toner, May 9, 1863 ; Charles Wiltz, March 5. 1869. - - - ;:.-.::-._...: ···::. - .. --=... :- ·- -:--- - ~ ., ~~:=c-.:.~-...,..~~..;-· • :-- '======~- -· -· -.. -: - ~?=~~~~~~~~

BENNER'S FIRE ESCAPE.

13 193 THE POLICE DEPARTMENT.

FREDERICK EBERSOLD. The Chief of Police was born March 30, 1841, in the town of Ixheim, county of Zweibrucken, Rhine province of Bavaria. His father and mother dying in one night on February 6, 1856, he left home and can1e to America, find ing friends in New York. In February, 1857, he came to Chicago and apprenticed hin1self with J. J. West, 197 Lake street, to the varnishing trade. In 1859 he bought grain, etc., in l\iendota, Ill., and was so engaged when the war broke out. He enlisted April 19, 1861, in Company B, Twelfth Illinois Infantry, a1i.d was shortly made a corporal in the three 111onths service. Mustered out at Cairo, Ill., in August, 1861, he came home sick, but again enlisted September 15 or thereabouts in Con1pany I, of the 58th Illinois Infanty formed at Camp Douglas, as a sergeant, and served until August 25, 1865. The regiment was attached to the First Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Arn1y corps (Sherman's old corps), and fought at Shiloh, Russell House, Corinth, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jack son, Mission Ridge, Atlanta, and was present at the final sur render of General .Johnson at Raleigh_, N. C. He retired with the rank of captain. He lost all he saved in the army in ·the con1mission business. On July, 9, 1867, he was appointed patroln1an on the Chicago police force. He was made a sergeant in the Twenty-second street district and a lieutenant in 1875. He was promoted to a captaincy by Carter Harrison, of the first precinct, was transferred to the second precinct_, thence to the third, to the Central 194 THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 195 station in co1nmand of the central detail, and on April 22, 1884, back again in command of the _first precinct. On August 15, 1885, he was promoted to the inspectorship to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the lamented Colonel Welter, and on October 15 he was made general superintendent of police.

JOHN BONFIELD. Police Inspector Bonfield ,vas born in the city of Bath urst, New Brunswick, in April, 1836. From 1858 to 1868 he was a locomotive engineer on the Chicago & Alton road. Positions in Hoff's packing house, in vVahl's glue factory, experience in the grocery business, and a term in the Custom Honse followed. He and his brother purchased a fertilizing establishn1ent, but it proved a failure. January 1878 he joined the police force and he was detailed as a detective at Twenty-second street station. Chief Mc Garigle subsequently put hi1n on the detective force at the central. He afterward served successively as Lieutenant of the Twenty-second street station, Lieutenant of the West Twelfth street station, Lieutenant of the Madison street station, and chief of detectives at the Central. Cap tain Bonfield did much to advance the police patrol service, working out the details of the system that have made it so thoroughlv effective. L. .,

"WILLIAM BUCKLEY. Capt. '\Villiam Buckley, the Co111n1ander of the First Precinct, has been on the Chicago Police Department over twenty years: The active part he had taken in running down crin1inals and preserving the peace during his entire career on the force aroused the enmity of several criminals; and he narrowly escaped assassination at the hands of the supposed murderers of :YicKeever, who was killed in the race between '' Butler ·'' and '' Cooley" on the turf. Among other experiences the Captain received a severe beat- 196 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. ing by a gang of roughs while returning from St. John's church with his wife, lVIarch 10, 1871, and was dragged under a private carriage by a contun1acious driver, barely escaping fron1 being tran1pled to death under the horses' feet. The Captain was born in Ballyhone, parish of A.fhane, county of Waterford,· Ireland, June 9, 1832. At the age of sixteen he can1e to America and located in New York. His first en1ploy1nent was on the fann of Col. George D. Coles, at Glencoe, Queens county. In 1856.-. he carne to Chicago, after having worked on a farm in "\Varren county,. Ohio. Col. R. J. Ha1nilton placed hiin in charge of his coal business here, and he. subsequently entered the en1- ploy of Law & Strother, coal dealers. Ile joined the police force in 1865, and after eight years active duty had climbed the steps fron1 patrolman to captain. Ile received his com1nission as captain ,July 14, 1873, when Capt. Hickey resigned. Mr. Buckley is thoroughly acquainted with his district, and has taken a great interest in the wel fare of the south side.

SIMON O'DONNELL. The bluff and tireless Comn1ander of the "\Vest Twelfth street district was born in 1834 in Clare County, Ireland, and came to An1erica in 1853. Ile at once located in· Chicago and went fanning; he stea1nboated subsequently. On April 7, 1862, he ,vas appointed on the police force by Chief Bradley, and did duty fro1n the old Arn1ory, corner of Franklin ·and Adams streeet. For six years he did d n ty on the crossing at Lake and Clark streets. I-Iis popularity in this section led, in a great 1neasnre, to hi:S pro111otion. Created a sergeant, he was detailed to Twelfth street. and soon rose to the rank of captain. I-le spent four years at Harrison street station. The deputy superintendency of police and then the general superintendency followed under THE POLICE DEPARTMENT.

Carter Harrison. In December, 1881, he resigned and came back to his present position as Captain at West Twelfth street. The first patrol wagon left his station, and . he has done much in the development of the patrol service. "WILLIAM "\V ARD. Captain William ,V ard of the Third precinct succeeds Captain Bonfield, is about thirty-five years old, has lived in Chicago all his life, and has been a policeman for over ten years, during which time he has served almost con tinuously in the district of which he is now in control. He is energetic and is well able to fill the position to which he is assigned. He ordered the crowd to disperse at the Haymarket.

AMOS W. HATHA vVAY. The Captain of the :Fourth precinct has been connected with the Chicago police force for over twenty years, becom ing a patrolman at old North n:.[arket Hall, associations of which, in the men1ory of old-time N orthsiders, are spoken of in the san1e breath with his na1ne today. Ile was stationed here for three years. In 1868 he was sergeant of the Huron street station, and under W ashbnrn he was n1ade a lieutenant. On August 1, 1879, he was n1ade a c·aptain at East Chicago. avenue. On April 22, 1884, he was transferred to West Chicago avenue station. The Captain was n1arried in 1862 to l\fiss Rosalia Russell, and is the father of nine children. Captain Hathaway is a son of Providence (R. I.), and was born in that city :Wiay 29, 1839. I-Iis n1other dying when he was only five n1onths old, his grandn1other took hi1n to a farn1 near Oswego, New York. She subsequently ren1oved to Jefferson County, where I-Iathaway worked until he was eleven years of age. He now went to Oswego on what he had saved working in a huckle-berry swan1p. 198 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

He at once was en1ployed by Smith & Kind, n1achinists, where he ·worked for three years. He subsequently ran a stationary for "'\Y. II. "\Vhalen. Ile then boarded the E. W. Cross, plying between Oswego and Chicago, and fol lowed the lakes up to 1855. In 1857 and 1858, i1npelled by the western feyer, he visited Lawrence, Kansas, and in the con1pa11y of such 111en as Col. J an1es Lane, was a wit ness to the exciting episodes in that day and place. In 1860, after son1e service on a farm in Palatine, he located pern1anently in Chicago. He first obtained a position as foreman in the ~Iechanical Bakery, corner of Clinton and Lake streets, which_, under the proprietorship of Henry C. Childs, supplied the Union army with so n1uch hard tack. }.... t one tin1e the institution used as n1any as 100 barrels of flour every twenty-four hours. He took to sailing once again for a short ti1ne and then joined the police force.

::\IICHAEL SCHAACK. The Captain of the Fifth precinct is one of the ablest and n1ost n1odest 111en on the Chicago police force. For a long ti1ne "his light was hid under a bushel/' through the force of circun1stances; but the n1onstrous crime of Mulkowski, sentenced to death for the killing of l\tirs. Alice Kledzick, revealed a detective skill in Captain Schaack, which, in that particular line of service, challenges co1nparison any ·where. The evidence snb111itted to the Cri111inal Court, than which no circun1stantial testimony was more conclus ive, was introduced by Captain Schaack. The proceedings disclosed tliat the Captain was a n1agnificent reader of human nature, and the press and the public were not slow in recognizing the fact. Captain Schaack was born in Luxen1bourg, Belgiun1, in April, 1844. He was very young when he ca111e to An1erica. In 1866 he was employed by a detective agency. In 1869 he went on the Chicago police force and traveled beat for THE POLICE DEPART1IENT. 199

one year. A.n experience for six years as a detective led to his pron1otion as a police sergeant. In 1879 he was ap pointed lieutenant, and on August 17, 1885, he was created a captain. He n1ade many arrests in connection with the Haynuirket affair. JOHN D. SHFA. Lieutenant John D. Shea., Chief of Detectives in con junction with _Lieutenant Kipley., ·was born in "\Villow Springs, town of Palos, Cook county., Ill., February 7, 1848. He attended the district school_, and up to the age of twenty-five spent his life on a fann. On August 1, 1873., he came to Chicago., and joined the police force as a patrol man, first doing duty in the Tlvelfth street district., under Sin1on O'Donnell, who was then a sergeant. ,Vhen O'Don nell WHiS transferred to the Annory to succeed Captain Hickey, Shea acco1npanied hin1. lie first saw detective duty under Captain Seavey, now dead; and first traveled with Ike Lansing, now a flourishing liquor n1erchant. He traveled next with Ed. Keating, now dead_, who1n Shea characterizes as the best police officer he ever traveled with. "\Vhen Captain O'Donnell was created Superintendent of Police, Shea was transferred to the Central Station. "\Vhile here he was pron1oted to a lieutenancy and placed in charge of the Twenty-second strEet station. After a very success fl-il experience in this region he was appointed Chief of Detectives. An1ong the n1any exploits of the Chief it is asserted that he, with Keating, sent nien to the peniten tiary for ternis aggregating 108 years .

.JOSEPH KIPLEY. Lieutenant Joseph Kipley, who with John D. Shea has command of the Chicago detective force, has been con nected with the Police Departn1ent about :fifteen years, and during that time has serYed nearly ten years at detective work. The Lieutenant 11as been engaged in every in1port- 200 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

ant case during the last ten years, and son1e of then1 are worthy of praise. The arrest and conviction of the trio of Italian n1urderers was a perfect piece of detective skill, and to l\tlr. Kipley is due a great deal of credit for the active part he took in the affair. Desperate criininals have attempted to kill the Lieuten ant on numerous occasions. He has exchanged shots numerous tin1es with law-breakers, but has never received a scratch. ~fr. Kipley was born in Patterson, N. J., N oven1ber 24., 1848. After attending school and working in the cotto:p. mills at his native place, he came to Chicago, in 1865. He followed the carpentering trade for awhile, and on January 24, 1871, joined the police force, He first did service at the old "\Vest l\tladison street station, and after doing duty at Harrison street and Twelfth street, was placed in charge of the Central station. In 1872 the Lieute1~ant n1arried lVIiss Helen vVheeler, a St. Paul girl, and at present is the father of two children.

GEORGE ·w. HUBBARD. The extren1ely popular and handsome Conunander of· the central detail, George "\V. I-In bbard_, was born at Cam bridge, lVId., .February 22, 1850, ancl is regarded by ~very body as just the n1an, of all 1nen, peculiarly adapted to _the position he holds. He was appropriately na111ed 1Vash ington, being born on the anniversary of the :Father of his Country. In 1870 he can1e to Chicago and entered the en1ploy of Dawson & Shields, confectioners, at 17 South Water street. In July, 1873, he went upon the Police Department. He ·was first stationed at the Arn1ory; ,vas made a station-keeper at Deering street; then at :Oiadison and Union streets; had con1n1and of the first patrol in the service; was transferred to the Central, Noven1ber, 1882, and was promoted to his present position April 21, 1884. THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 201

He received a thorough b:.1siness education at Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, and had it not been for the great fire of 1871, he would most likely have improved it. At all events, Mr. Hubbard was placed in a position where the business interests of Chicago certainly are in no danger of suffering.

EDWARD LAUGHLIN. This fear less and popular officer was born in Castle Island, County Kerry, Ireland, September 8, 1843. His early days were spent upon his father's farm, and he went to school in his native place. In 1862 he came to America and located in Indiana, where he engaged in the en1ploy of the Pittsburgh, Fort ,Vayne & Chicago railway con1pany. He came to Chicago July 4, 1863, and at once went to work in the freight department of the Chicago, l\'Iilwaukee & St. Paul railroad. He went south for awhile and steamboated on the Mississippi. Returning, he was employed by Mer ritt & Bacron, 86 and 88 South Water street, as a shipping and receiving clerk. Like others, he was seized with the gold fever and went to California, but came back as poor as he went, after having traveled considerably. He settled down at once and entere·l the en1ploy of Ingraham, Cor bin & ~Iay, wholesale n1erchants. On :Wiarch 1, 1872, he joined the police force, ancl has since established a record he n1ay well feel proud of. He is now Lieutenant at the Ar1norv. ~ :MADISON BEADELL. - The courteous gentleman who presides over the aristo- cratic Cottage Grove avenue district, ·was born September 19, 1844, in Ceouga county, New York. Receiving his early education in Utica, Ne·w York, he was bright enough at the age of twelYe years to board the sloop-of-war Vin cennes, antl at the age of fifteen to accon1pany his brother Charles, who was a captain on the lake. The paternal hon1e 202 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

was on the Thousand Islands. When the war broke out his passion for n1ilitary life induced him to leave his brother in the "\Velland canal, and enlist in Company D, of the Tenth Illinois Cavalry, at the age of seventeen. For four years and nine months he participated in the engagen1ents fought by his regin1ent, including the battles of Pea Ridge, Little Rock, J\'Iarshfield, Benton and Prairie Grove, where he was severely wounded. During a skirn1ish near Rich mond, La., he was taken prisoner~ and suffered many se vere hardships in the prison at Tyler, Texas. l!} 1865 the Lieutenant, having served all through the war, was placed upon the Chicago police force; and was the first man to travel a beat in the Bridgeport district at the old Archer avenue station. Pron1otion rapidly followed.

JOHN REH)!. Lieutenant Rehn1, of the rrhirty-fifth station, was born in Balti111ore, J\'Icl., October 13, 1848, and went to school there. In 1868 he entered the employ of the United States Government as a tean1ster, and served throughout the war. He then learned th3 trade of box-making in Chi cago. In 1873 he joined the police force. I-Ie was sta tioned at I-Iinn1an street, was n1ade station-keeper in 1874, transferred to West l\1adison, and served up to 1878, when he was made a patrol sergeant. In this capacity he acted at Twelfth, vVest Lake and 'fwenty-second streets. ·we was appointed Lieutenant of Police, April 24, 1884, and assigned to duty at Thirty-fifth street station. Of German des9ent Lieutenant Rhein is a thorough American, very sensibly selecting for his bride l\1iss Louisa Barth, who is a 11:ative ·of Illinois.

ED\V ARD J. STE}:LE. Edward J. Steele, the n1ilitary-appearing Lieutanant at West Chicago avenue station, has served nearly fourteen years on the Chicago police force. During that tin1e he THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 203 has had many hair-breadth escapes; his finely proportioned physique having on nun1erous occasions been the target :for desperate burglars and other cri1ninals. The Lieutenant was born in Lewis County, New York, August 14, 1839. "\Vhen four years old his parents moved to Oanda and then to Ontario. While there our subject wus engaged in farn1ing. In 1863 he came -west and loca ted in l\!Iinnesota. In the fall of the same year he came to Chicago and followed the carpentering trade. Subse quently he joined Han1lin's n1erchant police, and after do ing night duty for one year a,nd a half he went on the Chi cago Police Departn1ent, lvfarch 14, 1872. Ile first did duty at the old \Vest l\!Iadison street station. Transferred to the squad he did service for one year, and then traveled as a detective at the Central for four or five years. Under the first part of Harrison's acln1inistration he was ap pointed Lieutenant and placed in con1n1and of the de tectives. Fron1 Chief of the Detectives he was transfer red to vVest Lake street, and sn bsequently to West Chi cago avenue. JAMES P. STANTON. 'rhe Lieutenant at the Lake street station, was born 1844, at Birminghan1, England, and is of Irish descent. The family can1e to ..._,'\.n1erica in 1854, and young Stan ton was here raised. Entering the navy he served with honor in many engagen1ents, an1ong which n1ay be n1en tioned the attack on Fort Fisher. In 1869 he went upon the police force. In 1881 ho was created Lieutenant, and is a n1an respected highly. He was severely wounded at the Haymarket. JOHN BYRNE. Lieutenant John Byrne, the Commander of the Deer ing street district, was born in Ireland, :Niay 22, 1849. When fourteen years of age he can1e to ...i\..merica and loca- 204 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. ted in New York. He stayed in the latter city for two years, when he can1e west as far as Ottawa, Illinois, where he was engaged in contracting and building for two years. In 1868 he ca1ne to Chicago. January 16, 1870, the Lieu tenant joined the police force and was first assigned to duty at the old Armory. In October, 1874, he was promoted to Sergeant and transferred to the Madison street station. When Uaptain Buckley, Sam Ellis, Fitz patrick and others were rernoved fron1 the force, during Heath's ad1ninistration, the Lieutenant was an1ong the nu~ber. He only remained off the force two years, however, and in 1869 was appointed Lieutenant and stationed at the Arinory. Subsequently he was transferred to his present district. The Lieutenant has been shot at on numerous occasions by crin1inals, and has had many a hard struggle with desperate 1nen. He is very popular in his district both as to his subordinates and the residents.

RICHARD A. SHEPPARD. Lieutenant Richard Alexander Sheppard was born in Ireland in 1849, and with his mother, two brothers and a sister can1e to An1erica in 1860, settling in Cleveland, Oswego county, N e-w York. In 1866 the fan1ily can1e to Chicago and Richard obtained en1ployment as a conductor and driver of a street car on the North Division Railway. After the great fire he and his brother, W. H. Sheppard, went into business. On ..A .. ugnst 25, 1875, he joined the police force. In 1~76 he n1arried l\'1iss Mary Green, of ,v aukegan. · He was created a sergeant August 5, 1878, at Hinman street station, was transferred to Deering street in 1879, and watched the butcher's strike of that year. The Lieutenant has n1ade many in1portant arrests in the service, several ti111es at the risk of his life. While making an arrest for robbery on February 1, 1880, he was shot severely. He belongs to the Policeman's Benevo- THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 205

lent ..A.ssociation, Police State Association, Kilwinning Lodge of J\,fasons, Order of the Reel Cross, and the Chicago Council No. 4, Corinthian Chapter. He has always proved hin1self a fearless officer in the discharge of his duties. I-Ie is good-natured, but nevertheless a strict dis ciplinarian, and was always respected by his subordinates.

,TORN CROAK. Lieutenant Oroak was born in Tipperary, Ireland, and came to New York in 1850. A carpenter by trade he was engaged for many years in church building in Brooklyn, Albany, Providence, and other eastern cities. In 1853 he ca1ne to Chicago and was en1ployed by the Union Car "\V orks until their buildings were burned do·wn. He sub sequently worked for -the rrerre Haute and Northwestern railroads at bridge building. In 1857' he returned to the East and married Miss l\Iary McLaughlin, an Albany girl. Shortly after his n1arriage he returned to Chicago and was immediately en1ployed by Hall & French, sash, doors and blinds. In 1869 he was appointed on the police force and detailed to service at the old Arn1ory. After the fire he was stationed at Harrison street, and subsequently trans ferred to the Central on Mayor Heath's staff. Under Mayor Harrison he was created a sergeant, and in N oven1- ber,. 1882, was pron1oted to his present position. The Lieutenant has had n1any hair-breadth escapes; and barely escaped with his life when arresting a gang of burglars, who were ransacking a store on Clark street, near Jackson.

VICTOR SCHUMACHER. Barring what clothes he had on his person Lieutenant Schun1acher had but fifteen cents and a parcel of stuff in a red handerchief when he left Chicago in 1863 to try his luck in the Michigan pineries. The enterprising officer was born July 21, 1846 in Auderlach, Prussia, on the Rhine. His family looai:ed in Chicago in 1857. From 206 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

1864 until 1869 he was a n1erchant policen1an and traveled beat between Ontario and Chestnut streets. He then spent a year in travel, covering seventeen of the United States in his trip. Returning to Chicago he joined the police force ...i\.ug. 21, 1870. He went first to Huron street, then to ,v ebster avenue, and in 1874 was transferred to the Lake street squad, now known as the Central detail. For five years he served at the crossing, corner of Randolph and Clark streets, and a little while at State and 1\1:adison streets. In 1879 he was made a lieutenant and was assigned to duty at East Chicago avenue. Mrs. Lieuten ant Schumacher was Angeline Gebel: the daughter of Peter Gebel, who located in Chicago in 1833. The old settler is still alive. "\VHEELER BARTRAM. The Sergeant of the Central detail is vVheeler Bartram. I-Ie was born April 14, 1843, in lVIadison, Lake county, Ohio. When he was ten years old the fan1ily can1e to New York and located on a farn1. Here our subject was raised. In 1861 he enlisted in the 29th Indiana, and was captured May 1, 1862, by Morgan's Guerrillas, but was exchanged in 1863. He enlisted at once, rose to the position of corporal and first sergeant, fought at Liberty Gap and Chicka1nauga, among other battles, and served to the end of the war. He went upon the police force Oct. 13, 1868, He traveled first frorn the old 1-Iuron street station and afterwards from Larrabee street and Webster ayenue. Ile was subsequently roundsman and desk-sergeant. He was appointed Sergeant of the Central detail 1\1:ay 20, 1883.

JOHN E. FITZPATRICK. The genial successor of Col. Welter, deceased, as drill n1aster of the Chicago police force, was born in Johnstown, Penn., in 1852. Here he was brought up and ":"as en1- ployed in the rolling n1ills. In 1878 he established a THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 207

rolling mill in Carondelet, Son.th St. Louis. In 1873 he was Assistant Superintendent o:f the new rolling n1ills at Springfield, Ill., but in a short thne· returned to the East St. Louis, rolling mills., where his large experience secured for hin1 the superintendency of the mills. In 1879 he came to Cbicago and was employed at the Bridgeport wire works until they shut down in 1882.. On January 13, 1883, he joined the police force and was assigned to duty at Harrison street. Transferred· to the Central detail, Chief Ebersold appointed him drill-master in November, 1885. Sergeant Fitzpatrick's military experience includes the organization of the Johnstown Zouaves, and of the Sher- 1nan Guards at Springfield. Other young and active· spirits cooperated. He :iis also a member of Battery" D ,,. at Springfield. The sergeant was commended to pron10- tion for bravery at the Haymarket.

ELISHA E. LLOYD. Lieutenant Lloyd, located at the Webster avenue sta tion, is a native Arnerican, and is the hero of many thrill ing experiences in the war for the Union. His intense sufferings in Andersonville prison qualified him for many a hard siege on the police force or anywhere else. He joined the departn1ent in 1878, and was promoted October 31,. 1882. MICHAEL BISCHOFF. Lieutenant Bischoff, the Commander of the West North avenue station, joined the force in 1868. After traveling a little over a year, he was promoted a sergeant and subse quently a lieutenant .. JOHN BAUS. Immensely popular among his compatriots, Lieutenant Baus is located at the Larrabee street station. There are verv.. few. :national demonstrations where the Lieutenant is 208 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. not easily recognized by. his military bearing and hi; superb horsemanship. I-le joined the force September 20, 1865, and was promoted January 13, 1868.

A t;G UST BLETTNER. Lieutenant Blettner, of the West Twelfth street station, is of German birth, and is about forty years of age. He joined the police force July 10, 1867. I-Ie was promoted August 17, 1875. He is generally liked in his district.

FRANCIS PENZEN. Lieutenant Penzen, of the Desplaines street station, is a Gern1an by birth, and is about :forty years of age. Ile joined the police force August 6, 1869.

ANSON BACKUS. From every indication Lieutenant Backus is a pains taking officer, and would seen1 to have a bright future before hin1 in the departn1ent. He was born Septen1ber 17, 1855, in Gaines, Orleans County, N. Y. His father was a Methodist 1ninister, who gave his son a first-class training in one of the best seminaries of that denomina tion. The Lieutenant went on the Chicago police force in 1881, and was stationed at West Lake street. In 1882 he was made a desk-sergeant at the Arn1ory. On October 29, 1885, he was promoted to patrol sergeant, subsequently to · the present position

DANIEL HOG AN. This very popular desk sergeant at the Armory station was born in ~1:olbay, Ireland, January, 1842. After pursu ing with marked success a liberal course of studies in the cities of Dublin and Waterford, our subject grasped the birch and wielded it well for years, not only in his native country, but in America. The youth of the towns of La mont and Palos, in Illinois, remember school-master Dan THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 209 when he made then1 smart and successful in their various pursuits, as they are today; and they respect hin1 deeply for his n1iuistrations. In 1873 l\fr .. I-Iogan joined the police force, ancl soon rose to the position of station-keeper. Ile was assigned to duty at Cottage Grove avenue station, and his general excellent conduct ,vhile here induced his trans fer to the Arn1ory. Dan is in every sense an ideal desk-sergeant. He exer cises the finest discrin1ination; is syn1pathetic to a fault, but not so susceptible to imposture.; generous and cour teous, and is one of the best pen~en and writers of reports on this or any other police force.

GEORGE SANFORD. Sergeant George E. Sanford ·was born December 15, 1845, near Leo, Allen county, Ind., on a farn1. In 1846 he can1e to Illinois, remaining in Ogle county up to 1849, when he returned to Indiana. In 1851 he accompanied his father to California in the pursuit of ,vealth, but was there hardly three months when he lost him by death. In 1859 George came back to Illinois, and ·worked at bis trade as harness-n1aker with varying success. He stuck to the bench up to 1872, when he joined the police force, travel ing from Twenty-second street as patroln1an. In 1876 he resigned. On November 5, 1878, he ,vent back under Captain Johnson, of the ,vest Chicago avenue station. Thence he went to the Hinn1an street station, and stayed but a short time, when he was transferred to headquarters as station-keeper. On February 22d, 1884, he was created Patrol Sergeant. FRANK G. BEAUBIEN. Sergeant Frank G. Beaubien, of t11e West Chicago ave nue station, is the son of Mark Beaubein, who settled in Chicago in 1826, and a neph~w of Jean Le Baptiste Beau bien, who located in Chicago as a representative of the 14 210 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

American Fur Oon1pany in1n1ediately after the war of 1812. Mark Beaubien was one of the earliest white settlers in the city of Uhicago. Our subject was born in Chicago in 1852. He spent his early life in Naperville and Kankakee, Ill., and at tended St. Vialias College at Borbonies' Grove. On leaving school he went into the grocery business with his father in Chicago. But the grocery trade had no charms for Frank, and after one year and a half with his father he joined the Chicago Police Department September 4, 1873. He was first detailed at the old Madison . street station under Captain Lull. In the fall of 1878 he ,vas transferred to the day squad, and in August, 1883 was de tailed to service on the first patrol wagon that left the Cen tral station. Subsequently he was appointed sergeant, and stationed at West Chicago avenue with Captain Hathaway.

SYLVESTER KENNEDY. Sylvester Kennedy, Desk-Sergent at West Twelfth street police station, was born in Tipperary County., Ireland, January 28, 1844, came to A.merica in 1865, land ing in New York and came to Chicago in the same year. His first occupation in this city was as a railroadeontractor, and he pursued the same with varying success up to 1880 when he joined the police departn1ent. He· is a ·model desk-sergeant, his deportment under all circum·stances be ing gentlemanly. ANTHON ODIN OYEN. Sergeant Oyen was born in Throndhjem, Norway, Oc tober 8, 1841. He attended the public school in his native place, and when ten years old was sent to a select school which he attended up to the age of fourteen. I-Ie was now appointed clerk in the Recorder's office in the city of his birth, and as such was required to attend the city court. When about fifteen years old he was apprenticed to the THE POLICE DEP.AR.TMENT. 211 drug business at Bodoe, fifty miles north of the Arctic circle, and after a term of five years he graduated in pharmacy and chemistry. On August 3, 1861, the fan1ily came to Chicago, but settled in Shelby County, Ill., he remaining in Chicago. In October 8, 1861, Anthon enlisted in a Norwegian company organized in this city as a part of the Fifteenth Regiment, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. This regiment was composed entirely of Scandina-rians. He entered as a private but was soon made sergeant, ancl in the spring of 1862, by reason of his pharmaceutical experience was appointed hospital steward of the regiment in the field. He first smelled powder in the siege of Island No. 10, on the Mississippi river, from 1Iarch 16 to April 8, 1862, his regiment being first to take possession of that stronghold; and in the capture of three generals and about 7,000 men achieved the first decisive victory for the Federal flag. Joining the division under 0. 0. liitchell at Cor inth, Miss., the regiinent entered the Buell and Bragg campaign through Tennessee and Kentucky and reached Louisville, September 26, 1862. The battle of Perryville, Ky., soon followed, when the regin1ent captured a whole train of rebel supplies. At the battle of Stone River our sub ject was wounded by a piece of shell ancl was captured, but was _recaptured soon after by a squadron of the Fourth United States Cavalry and one of the Fourth Ohio Cavalry, in which Dominick vVelter, past Secretary of Police, was a captain. In the battle of Chick ... amauga, where_ the regiment was almost annihilated, our subject was taken prisoner. He was confined in Libby prison, in Peinberton, and afterward in Crew prison. Transported from Richmond to Danville, he was placed in prison No. 6, but was soon placed in charge of the small pox hospital where he escaped with three others February 22, 1864. He was however, recaptured by the rebels near the Tennessee river in North Carolina, and sent to prison 212 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

No. 5. Shortly after he was transferred to Andersonville prison. From April 19 to ~Iay 26: he was in the stockade, where he ·was placed in charge of the dispensary of the hospital. On :Niarch 18, 1865, he was sent homeward, arriving in Vicksburg, after walking barefooted fron1 Jack son to Big Black river., distance thirty-six n1iles. IIe ,vas nov? paroled and sent to Camp Benton barracks, St. Louis, after eighteen n1onths imprisonment. During his service he acted as Assistant Surgeon of the regiment for a thne, and was afterward offered the position permanently but dec~ined. I-Ie joined the police force of Chicago, January 20, 1868, and after two year~ service was pron1oted to the position of Desk-Sergeant. I-Ie was for two years Bailiff of the North Division Police Court, and again a Desk Sergeant, and since February 25, 1883, occupies his present position. CHARLES M. DAY. The Desk-Sergeant at the Central station was born in Clinton, Lenawee County, Michigan, February 4, 1845. In 1855 he came to Chicago, and after leaving school en gaged in a variety of pursuits up to the tin1e of the war. He then enlisted in the Seventy-second Illinois, and fought at Vicksburg and Champion Hills, among other battles. On January 9, 1867, he joined the police force, doing duty first at Twenty-second street. Ile served as a station~ keeper for eight years. I-le went to the Arinory in 1877, and was subsequently transferred to the Central. Several years ago he was shot in the arm while making an arrest.

ALEXIS C. BURDICK. Sergeant Alexis 0. Burdick was born August 21, 184G, in LaPorte County, Indiana. The fa1nily moYecl to "\Vhite sicle County, Jllinois, when the boy was but three years of age. He was raised on a farn1 near Sterling. At the age of :fifteen he entered the army, enlisting in ::VIcClcllan's THE POLICE DEPARTM!l.;NT. 213

Dragoons. He served throughout the war, and while act ing as a scout for the Union army he was ·wounded near Liberty, lVIiss. Two weeks after, when he was reported dead, he made his way into the Union lines. .After the war he settled in Chicago, ancl was at once appointed spe cial detective for the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway. In 1882 he resigned to accept the position as a detective at the Central station. Subsequently he was promoted a Sergeant, and transferred to Cottage Grove avenue.

JOHN E. MAHONEY. Desk-Sergeant John -Eugene lVIahoney, connected with the Central, was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1845. From the time he left home up to 1870 he followed the drug and other occupations in New Brunswick, Portland, lVIe. _, and Chicago, where he came in 1865. IIe was stationed in the old Armory first. In 1813 he was made Station-Keeper at Harrison street, and then became Station-Keeper at Cottage Grove avenue. He was then 111ade Desk-Sergeant at Twenty- secon

DEXTER COD)IAN. The good-natured Desk-Sergeant at the headquarters of the _Central detail was born January 16, 1824, in Ontario, N. Y., and farmed until 1849. Prjor to his arrival in Chicago, in 1852, l\fr. Cocln1an pursued various occupa tions in the Central and ,v estern States. IIe will be re n1en1bered by Qlcl residents in Chicago as the agent for a line of boats plying between Chicago and St. Lonis. In 1866 he joined the police force, and traveled first fron1 the old 1\1:arket street station, vd1ere he soon rose to the posi tion of Station-Keeper. He was Bailiff at the County jail for a tin1e, but was shortly assigned to the Ar111ory. When 1\1:ayor 1-Iarrison was elected he assumed his present position. 214 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

::\II CHA.Et BRENN AN. The indefatigable clerk in the office of the Chief of Police was born Aug. 18, 1842, in ~Iayo, Ireland, and came to this country n,bout eighteen years later. 1Ie went upon the force Dec. 15, 1870, as patroln1an. I-Ie soon rose to the position of Desk-Sergeant at the old Dearborn street station, and served but a short time when he ,vas appointed to his present position by Elmer W ashburne in 1873. His onerous duties have always been performed with religious precision and uncon1plainingly.

JOSEPH B. SHEPARD. Joseph B. Shepard who for eleven years has done such valuable service in the clerical departn1ent of the office of the Chief of Police, was born Dec. 28, 1825, in Onondaga, N. Y. He can1e west in 1849, and was connected for years with railroad and n1ercantile enterprises.

R. II. FIGG. Police Officer Figg, in charge of the Oen tral station at night, was born in 1840, and while being connected with the department for a comparatively brief tin1e has proven himself invaluable in the service. Bob is an old-ti111e printer, and those who know hin1 best allow that it _was a cold day when the nin1ble con1positor did not succeed in making a favorable in1pression. He is also a story-teller and beguiles n1any an hour for the boys on night duty He is very popular a111ong the :firen1en and ran very often to fires in his· early clays, acting as captain at one tin1e of Co111pany 4, of the National Fire Departn1ent. He is credited with originating the order of Forresters in this section. .T A)IES \VILEY. One of the most valuable detectives connected with the Central station: and one of the 1nost respected men on the THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 215

force, is J an1es vViley. He is about thirty-eight years of age, is of Irish extraction, a~d of a very modest de meanor. He ·was born in Syracu,se, N. Y._, in February, 1845. Ile has worked son1e of the hardest cases, and in doing so it is only fair to state that he has incurred very few enn1ities. He is the owner of very valuable farn1ing land in Portage, Wis., and if he settles down he will probably locate in that section.

SAMUEL A. ELLIS. Detective Ellis was born in London 1n 1834. The family coming to Chicago, San1 went to the vViider school at the age of five. At fourteen he con1111enced sail ing on the lakes, and at the age of eighteen was Captain of the schooner, 1\1:ary lV[argaret. In 18,56 he joined the police force at North :M:arket station. In 1860 he was de tailed at the Chicago and }fil waukee depot, and in 1863 he became First Lieutenant of con1pany C, Eighty-ninth Illinois, and was wounded at the Battle of Stone River. Returning to. Chicago, he joined the detective force, and in 1873 Eln1er "\Yashburne made hin1 chief of the staff. In 1874 he was promoted to a captaincy in the ,vest Division. In 1877, resigning, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff under John Hoffman. In 1881 he was again placed on the detective .force, but was soon transferred to the Yv est }'Iadison street station as a Desk-Sergeant. On May 12, 1884, he was brought back to the Central station.

MICHAEL ,J. GRANGER. Detective Granger was born in Chicago in 1852, and con1menced life as a n1essenger boy for the Chicago & Alton Railroad. Fron1 this tin1e up to his appointn1ent on the police force in 1881. He followed various occupa tions. He first was a patroln1an at IIarrison street station, and in June, 1883, was appointed detective. 216 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

JOHN EGAN. Detective Egan was born in Brachnaight, Ros·oommon, Ireland, in 1850, and came to New York in 1862. At the age of lourteen he joined the Third Virginia Cavalry and served with it until the close of the ,var. He was wounded three times and rose to Captain, and only three of his com rades in his company are alive today. In 1877 he was appointed inspector by the city which was the only public position he held up to 1883, when he was appointed de tective. Mr. Egan has been interested in pork packing for several years.

JOHN REED. Detective John Reed, the intrepid captor of the Italian Peri who stabbed to their death t 1.vo citizens named Ready and O'Brien at the tin1e of the great fire at the corner of Halsted and VanBnren streets, and who killed the notori ous Bill Allen who n1ade it so hot for the whole police force for so long, was born in the county of lVIeath, Ire land-within four n1iles of Drogheda in 1839. "'\Vhen he was ten years of age his family went to Dublin, and John drove a livery wagon as soon as he was able. I-Ie was a men1ber of the l\tietropolitan Police in 1860, when with other Irish Catholics he went to the rescue of the· I-Ioly See in its dilen1ma. He fought at Spoletto, and was taken prisoner at Ancona. Returning to Dublin he ·worked as a railroad porter. In 1862 he can1e to Chicago, and after farming for three months was appointed a gnards1nan at Joliet. He subsequently enlisted in the Eleventh Illinois, and served to the close of the war, fighting at the Wilder ness, Jackson, ltiobile and elsewhere. A.gain 11e went to Dublin to figure this tin1e as a rollicking driver of a fes tive jaunting car for seven months and the 11un1ber of his hackney-car was 812. Coming back to· Chicago he went THE POLICE DEPART::\IKNT. 217 upon the police force, and fron1 that day to this his record has been that of not only a conscientious officer but of a humane citizen. He was wounded at the Haymarket.

EDWARD COSGROVE. Edward Cosgrove, the '' silver-haired detective," was. born in Clonegal, County Carlow, Ireland, August, 1847. He attended the Parish School and subsequently the Tul low Monastery. At the age of 16 he left school and at the age of 19 he ca1ne to Chicago. Ile first was employed in the grocery trade. For eight years he worked as an Assistant Inspector for the House of Correction, where he distinguished hin1self for his humanity in the treatment of the unfortunate inn1ates. He was on duty at the time, in 1879, when fifteen prisoners made a most desperate but unsuccessful attempt to escape. Ile then went to the Grand Pacific Hotel, where he served for six months as a private detective. On Feb. 1, 1883, he joined the Chicago detective force. JOHN STIFT. John Stift was born Sept. 5, 1847, in the city of lia- vre, in France, but is of Gern1an extraction. He is one of sixteen children, twelve of w hon1 yet live, and he is the oldest of the tribe. In 1848 the frt1nily ca1ne to the city of New York. In 1850 they ren1ovec1 to Chicago and have lived here since. John attended St. ?viichael's school, cor ner of North ave. and Church street, in the North Division, four years. Fron118G3 until 1872, when he joined the police force, he ,vas en1ployec1 as a tean1ster for his father. I-Iis first police experience was at the East Chicago avenne police station, under Capt. Gund. \Vhile serving under Capt. Hathaway he was pron1oted to the rank of detective and transferred to the Central police station, where he now is. iir. Stift is recognized in the departn1ent as a very effi cient officer, and con1n1ands the respect of his superiors. 218 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

MICHAEL GALLAGHER. Detective Gallagher was born in 1832, in the County Fermanaugh, Ireland, and at the age of 11 can1_e to Phil adelphia. In J annary 6, 1846, he went on board the ship Tuscarora, and encountered for n1any years thereafter per ils of the sea. His recollections of those days are very in teresting when told by hin1self, as Gallagher is a capital story-teller. He went on the police force in 1866.

,vILLIA11 H. CARMAN. The associate of JVIr. Shepard, William H. Carman, was' born Decen1ber 9, 1838, in New Brunswick, N. J., has been connected with the Chicago Police Department since 1860, and has served under· every Superintendent since the days of 0. P. Bradley. He was patrolman, Sta tion-Keeper, Clerk, and Custodian successively, and was the first treasurer of the Police Association organized in Jan uary, 1868. DENNIS SI}DIONS. Dennis Simmons is one of the oldest and shrewdest de tectives on the Chicago police force. lie has been con nected with the Police Departn1ent for nearly twenty-five years, during which tin1e he has served eighteen years on the detective departn1ent. He has had many hair-breadth escapes, and nun1erous encounters with desperate crin1inals, . but fortune has favored hin1, not having received a scratch, although n1any a bullet has passed his way. :01:r. Sin1n1ons wa~ born in Queens county, Ireland, Au gust 27, 1833. His parents en1igrated to this country when he was quite young, and located in New London, Connecticut. '1Vhen eleven years of age he went on board of a whale ship, and was constantly on the water for nine teen months. In 1844 his parents ca111e to Chicago, but our subject soon again resumed a sailor's life, sailing both THE POLICE DEP.A.RTMENT. 219

on the lakes and on the salt water. At the age of twenty.;. one he went into a ship yard. Subsequently he entered the Sheriff's office, under "\Vilson, and remained in the em ploy of the county undei' Grey and Hesing. March 7, 1861, he joined the police force, and since that time his career has been an eventful one.

"\V. S. HALLORAN. '\Villiam S. Halloran was born in New Haven, Conn., in 1851. In 1866 the family removed to Chicago. In 1871 :Nir. Halloran, impell~d by a spirit of adventure, went to l{ansas, where he transacted a most flourishing cattle trade. In his leisure hours he recounts 111any amusing incidents in his experience as a drover. Returning from 1 the \Vest in 1877 , he engaged in the wine and liquor traf fic, and in 1882 joined the police force. Since joining the departn1ent he has clone some very good work, gaining for hin1self the reputation of being a good officer.

DENNIS KAY. Dennis Kay wtls born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1854. In 1855 the family ren1ovecl to Chicago, and in St. John's school in this city :Oir. l{ay obtained his education. Shortly after leaving school, he learned the business of carpentry; but tiring of this, he entered the hardware establishment of R. R. Day. In 1879 he joined the police force.· His experience on patrol duty soon qualified hin1 for adva11cen1ent to the detective departn1ent in 1882, and in this capacity he now serves.

REINHOLD :\IEYER. :Nir. Meyers was born in Chicago in 1858, and was first en1ployecl in the printing business, conducted by l\Ir. Rohr in Liners block. He went upon the police force in 1882, and has been serving on the detective force for about a year. 220 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

JOHN O'DONNELL. The custodian of stolen property was born in Peter borough, Canada, in 1848, and belongs to a fan1ily of un usual vitality as well as fertility. _His aged father, an old and n1uch respected resident of the west division has ten children left, after burying two, and would not be a bit thankful to anybody to-day. who would intimate that he had seen his best days. The fan1ily removed to Rochester, N. Y., when John was but an infant, but soon returned to Peterborough, where the old gentleman became a purchas ing agent for all sorts of con1modities. At the age of sev enteen our subject accompanied a gentleman to the vicin ity of Rochester with a view to learning carriage black sn1ithing, but soon decided to try his luck in Chicago where his family had settled already. After some experi ence in the grocery business he concluded to becon1e a molder, when he entered the service of Collins & Burgie. He was working for this firm when upon Mayor Harrison's first election he was appointed to his present position. John, who always took a deep interesf in politics, first non1inated \V. 0. Seipp for County Treasurer, by the way and is one of the cleverest fellows in Chicago or anywhere else. His brothers, i1ichael, Ed ward and "'\Villiam, are well-known and respected citizens.

FRANCIS O'NEILL. At the Central station one of the 111ost valuable of the staff of the Police Superintendent is Frank O'Neill, who was born Aug. 25, lf348, on a farn1 within three n1iles of Bantry Bay,· Cork, Ireland. Leaving the National School, where he n1ade rapid progress, he sailed with Captain ,Vat kins on the Black sea, the ::O,Iediterranean, the Dardanelles and the Bosphorns, and visited n1any places. In 1865 he can1e to An1erica. The sea had irrestible channs for hin1 .. His first trip was to the "\Vest Indies. When eighteen, he THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 221

sailed on the Jfinnehaha for Yokohama, Japan, via the Cape of Good Hope, ancl, after seven continuous months on sea, set sail for the Sandwich Islands, and when nearing Baker's Island in the n1id Pacific was wrecked. The brig Zoe occupied thirty-four days bringing the crew to 1-Ionolulu, whence our subject was sent to S_an Francisco. He was next found tending a flock of 2,700 sheep in Stan islaus. Having rounded Cape Horn he arrived in New York, after a circnn1navigation of the globe before he was twenty. In Chicago he first worked in the Chicago, Al ton and St. Louis freight house. In 1873 he went upon the police force and was shot in the left shoulder by a burglar. In 1878 he was made a Desk-Sergeant at Deering street station, and in 1884 he was made Clerk of Records at police headquarters. He is a magnificent pen1nan.

JOHN J. KELLY. The subject of this sketch was born in New Orleans, May 10, 1844, and was first employed at cotton-san1pling. With Engineer Edwards he organized a company of 3,500 n1en for the :M:atanzas Railway, and was in Cuba in 1868, where the plague so de.cin1ated the force that only three survivors returned to Chicago. In this city he at once became pron1inent as a contractor; cooperating with such 1nen as John Duffey and David IIallinan. He was the first ·President of the Sarsfield circle during the Fenian agitation, and is otherwise prominent in Irish matters. He is bailiff of the police court on Desplaines street.

· TIERNEY A.ND THORPE. Detectives Patrick B. Tierney and William B. Thorpe in their special line constituted one of the most successful teams in the country. Naturally quiet and unobtrusive, except when absolutely necessary, they were necessarily very popular officers. Mr. T'ierney was born in Tipperary, Ireland, in 1853, 222 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. and came to An1erica when sixteen years old, and became a carpenter. In June, 1875, he went on the police force, and was assigned to duty at vVest :iiadison street station. He traveied beat for four years and was then detailed on special duty in citizens clothes. He and Sergeant Nick Shannon, a n1ost worthy officer, n1ade the first police telephone box., which was located at the corner of Twelfth and Halstead streets. Mr. Thorpe was born in Canada, and is thirty-nine years old. He has been twelve years on the police force. A long list of splendid arrests is found to their credit at police headquarters. They traveled from the -Central station. Mr. Thorpe is yet on the force. Mr. Tierney keeps a sample roon1 near City Hall.

ROSTER OF THE POLICE DEPAHT)IENT. The following is the roster of the Police Department : Chief, Frederick Ebersold; Inspector and Secretary, John Bonfield; Lieutenants, Joseph Kipley and John D. Shea; Custodian, John O'Donnell; Clerks, Joseph B. Shep ard, J\1:ichael Brennan and W 111. Jt Turner; Desk Ser geants, John E. Mahoney, Charles M. Day, Michael Lan gan. Photographer, Michael P. Evans. Patrolmen, Dennis Simn1ons, Horace M. Elliott, J an1es }£organ, Samuel A. Ellis, Daniel Kelly, Charles Rehm, John Stift, J an1es "\Viley, "\Villian1 H. Jones, J\1:ichael Crowe, J an1es J\f urnane, Thon1as Dooley, Charles An1stein, Wm. B. Thorpe, Patrick Costello, Andrew Rohan, \\:""illian1 Boyd, John._ O'Connor, John A. McDonald, Louis Haa~, Bernard P. Baer, J an1es H. Bonfield, M. J. Granger, John Hanley, Henry Palmer, Willian1 S. Halloran, Ed.ward Cos grove, Reinhold Meyer., J\:Iichael Whalen, . Bartholo1new Flynn, Nicholas Shannon (Police Sergeant), "\Villia1n H. Carman_, Frank O'Neill, Robert J\f. Figg, John Richard son, }fartin Rintz, Patrick McGovern, ,Vi1lian1 Steurnayle, THE POLICE DEPARTl\'IENT.

George W. Hunt, Henry Cox, James W. Duffy, Edward Flarrity, Adam Miller, Henry N eun1an. Central Detail.-Lieutenant, George ,v. Hubbard; Ser geants, vVheeler Bartran1, John E. Fitzpatrick; Desk Sergeant, Dexter Codman ; Roundsn1an, A. S. Ross ; Patrolmen, John Dufficy, ,Ja1nes Bell, William Lyonnais, Jan1es 0. D. Storen, James Lennon, Peter Ebersold, Patrick Hickey, Willian1 S. Johnson, Patrick Doherty, Marceli Schoenfeldt, Peter Trenlich, Dennis J. Foley, I-Ienry Wal per, Jacob Ebinger, Morris Louis, Sol. 0. Steele, John P. Nelson, John Reardon. Mathew H. Mc Guirk, ~rhon1as Murphy, liartin Coleman, Gerald Stark, John Gallagher, Daniel Hogan, Thon1as D. Beck, George J. Dewey, Patrick Gavin, George Dettinger, Dennis H. Harrington, Daniel Burns, ,John Cramer, Henry N. Fech ter, Chris. Seibert, Frank Dolan, Thon1as M. Curten,. Daniel Considine, George De1nar, James Short, Nicholas Jacks, Michael Murphy, Dennis O'Brien, John C. ~!orris, l\1:arshall N. Walton, vVilliam Dollard, Fredei·ick Sommer, Joseph S. Barher, Fitch A. Taylor, Oliver Peterson, Ste phen Fitzgerald, Thon1a3 Noonan, John Hooley, W. H. Darrow, John J. Kelly, Paul Kallock, Con. E. Murphy, Michael Shanley, E\vard J. Ryan, Henry Juenger, George lVIcHugh, John Mangold, Florence Donohue, James Bren nan, George Kinyon, ,v alter Sargent, Peter l\icI-Iugh, John lVIorweiser, Jan1es Denny, ,villiam J. Deeley, James Ker win, Bryan J. Pierce, Louis Golden, Andrew Casey, John Cregan, Michael O'Halloran, l\'1aurice Bowler, 1\1:ichael Gubbins, Joseph T. Harnois, John T. Gibbons, Stephen vV. Fay, Charles vV. Wasmund, l\-'Iichael J. Costello, Patrick Lavin, Jan1es H. ,vnson, Jacob Gross, Joseph Paffenholz, Ed,vard Rohr, John l\L Collins, ,villiam Butcher, Joseph A. Hillier, Patrick J. Ward, Thomas Hayes, Con. W. Crowley, John C. Keenan, Thon1as Birmingham, Peter Murphy, Hiram A. Earl, Peter McCormick, Patrick Ken- 224 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. ne:fick, Peter J. Joyce, John l\ricinerney; Operators, Will iari1 Hagag, Joseph P. Rock, Martin l\1:cQuaid, Frank Rosa, Hiram I-Iilln1an, Hu herd B. Schneider, Eugene J. Fitzpatrick, Jan1es P Crowley, vVillian1 l\riurphy, ,villian1 Sheridan, Phelin1 J. ·Devitt, Thoms Joyce, John J. Donohue, Frank O'Byrne, r'\..lexander B. Oan1- eron, Edward Gleason, Thon1as Connors, 1VIichael K~ :ifahoney, 1VIichael Lawler, Charles Cullen, Martin Hogan, Henry G. Kleinhans, l\rlichael l\1:cN ulty, Will iam A. Clare, Frank J. Lewis, Terrence McCabe, Daniel Ooffey,Edward Kelly, James Sweeney,Edn1ond I-Iart well, John An1stein, J\,fichael Callaghan ; Painter, Michael Bauer; Plun1ber, Thon1as J. 1-Ioward ; Carpenter, William B. Lynch; Driver, John rr. I-Ieinan; Laborers, John Reardon, Thomas. Considine, ,v illian1 Oroak, Moses If. Debeaubien, Henry J. Reitzn1ann; Blacks111ith, Jan1es l\ilorrison; Helper, Michael Holtz ; Driver, Ed ward Boyd ; Repairers, Burton D. Thompson, Willian1 E. Foltz, Charles Shafer, William J. Cronan; Batteryn1an, Edward J. Barrett.

FIRST PRECINCT. Harrison Street Station. - Captain, William Buckley; Lieutenants, Edward Laughlin, August C. Arch; Patrol Sergeant, l\'Iax Kipley; Desk Sergeants, P. D. O'Brien, Daniel Hogan, Thomas Barrett ; Solon1on Maloney; Timo thy Madigan, vVilliam Gillard, Willian1 J. Goggin, Thomas Powers, David Barry ; Bailiff, G. B. Nikodem ; Ponnd keepers, John A. McCarthy, ,villiam · F. Smith, and Daniel O:Donovan; Patrolmen, W. Bohan, James Shanley, Martin V. French, Augustus Swanson, Mi chael Curtin, Daniel Dohney, Patrick "\Valsh, Wil lia1n C. S111ith, Edward J. rralbott, 1\iiichael Tuianning, Stephen Rowan, Denis Coughlin, John Meehan, James Madden, Charles A. Palmer, Tin1othy Ryan, Joseph H. Shreve, Michael Corcoran, Peter Sorgel, John F .. O'Brien, THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 225

John J. Duffey, Michael Marks, Patrick Ward, Daniel Kinnane, John Cox, Benjan1in Reed, Henry 0. Thomas, Charles A. Judson, John Coleman., Charles P. Arado, John E. Oulahane, Charles P. Revere, Thomas Duffey, Michael J. Murtha, Timothy Murphy, Charles Strening, John Healy, Peter W. Rooney, Patrick 0. O'Brien, Michael Fitzgerald, John P. Schun1acher, Thon1as Mulcahy, Alfred B. Sn1ith, Patrick McQuaid, Frank S. Terry, John Coakley, John F. Moore, R.. Jones, M. White, William Carroll, James R. Lovett, John W. Consi dine, John J. O'Farrell, John ~Ionaghan, Daniel Kilroy, ,villiam J. Stewart ; Engineer, Michael Murphy; Assist ant, Willian1 Murphy; Janitors, John Tynan, Daniel D. Colnon ; Hostlers, John W. Brennan; P. O'Brien ; Mat rons, Sarah J. Littelle, Elizabeth A. Coventry. Twenty-second Street Station.-Lieutenant, Daniel Duffy; Sergeant, Lyman Lewis; Desk Sergeants, Joseph W. Cary, James T. Murphy; Patrolmen, Andrew Barrett, John Dunne, Thomas Cullen, Thomas Maher, William Flynn, Joseph Leonard, ~Iichael C. Ryan, John Fitz patrick, Christopher J. O'Shea, Patrick Shaunessy, Wil liam Carberry, J an1es Hayes, Timothy Barrett, Timothy l'IcKeough, Robert Mack, Charles H. Meyers, John Mc Inerny, John Heneberry, William Sherrett, Dennis Ma honey, Tin1othy J. Foley, John Mc'rigue, ,vnliam Styx, Michael S. Finnegan, Stephen Kelly, John Savage, James 0. McNan1ara, David Sullivan, Augustus Webber, Martin Nolan, John O'Brien> John E. Patecek, James Reidy, Thomas Kersha·w, Charles Risenwebber, Patrick J. French, Rodger Mulcahey, "'\Villiam P. Plunkett, Michael O'Brien, Martin E. Padden, John Mahony, Henry Gorman, Nicholas Martin, John W. Lawler, William Corcoran. Cottage Gl'ove Avenue Station.-Lieutenant, Madison Beadell; Sergeant, George W. Sanford; Desk Ser geants, John L. Mahoney, Alexis C. Burdick; 15 226 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Patroln1en, Patrick Mahoney, Thomas Crowe, Owen Bowen, James E. Farrell, Jerry F. Sullivan, Thomas L. Trehorn, Hern1an Ebinger, Niarshall B. Steve, "\Villiam Brennan, Thon1as Downes, Patrick ,J. Gleason, Alexander Good brand, John A. Toomey, Christian I-Iearth, Jan1es King, "\Vallace NL Day, l\1artin C. Leyden, Eugene Valle, Don1inick Feeney, Patrick O'Brien, Nlichael Otto, Thon1as S. Brady, Tin1othy Ryan, Michael O'Brien, Charles A. "\Vilks, Phillip l\;Iiller, "\Villian1 A. IIartinan, "\Villian1 11. Lockwood, Frank E. Rayn1011d, Henry C. Blnhrn_, ,John E. Keefe, David McCarthy, John J. Dunne, John Bon gerz; David Hanrahan, John Ahern, Henry Rottgen, Patrick Harkins, John J. Flannagan, Henry Roach, Morris Wheeler, Thon1as Moran. Thirty-fifth Street Station.- Lieutenant Anson Backus; Sergeant Francis Can1pbell; Desk Sergeants, "\Villiam J. Mooney, Peter J. Byrne; Patroln1en, Ferdinand F. H. Kurth, William Bowe, George D. l\feade, J arnes McN eill, Peter Bannon, Patrick Cleary, Patrick O'Brien, Patrick Maloney, Dennis Quinlan, James Black, J an1es Donlin, John J. Leonard, Richard T. Cronin, Michael O'Toole, Patrick J. O'Connor, James Evans, vVillian1 O'Mara, Daniel L. McCarthy, John A. Bonfield, John Costello, John J. Flannigan, John 1\1:oriarty, Arthur Dillon, Michael J. Rodney, Michael Gaynor, ,villian1 O'Donnell, J an1es McMahon, John Ryan, Michael NicGrath, ,villiam "raylor. SECOND PRE(HNCT. Twelfth Street Station.- Captain, Simon O'Donnell; Lieutenants, August Blettner, F. P. Barcal; Sergeant, Syl vester Kennedy; Desk-Sergeants, Ingon1ar ·v. Brietzke, James McAvoy; Bailiff, Chas. P. Hefter; Pouncl keeper, John Hartnett; Matrons, Mary Ann Murphy, Mary Heelan; Patrolmen, Thon1as Shanley, Niichael McGarry, Patrick Sullivan, John Gara, James Fox, THE POLICE DEP.A.RTl\IENT.

Michael Kenney, Jeremiah Houlihan, John O'Malley, "\Villian1 Iting, I-I ugh Burns, J a111es l\rfcShane, John Malone., Thon1as F. Roach, J a1nes J. ....<\.dan1son, John Moore, Patrick Cu111n1ings, Andrew J. Pennell, August Hum brock, Philip J. ifillik, Joseph Z. LaPlant, Thom as Curtis, George l\!I. 1-Ienderson, Ed ward I-Ialle, John H. Dunne, Daniel Riordan, 'rhon1as J. Fitzgerald, "\Villiam Casey, John :NicDermott, J an1es .A. Martin, San1nel l\L Jewett, Patrick l\!Ieade, l\rfalachy Fallon, John McDern1ott, Peter Vinlove, James Bnln1on, J an1es Brady, J an1es l\!Iadden, l\,fichael Connery, I-Ienry Carragher, Jacob .A. Swikard, Patrick F. Doyle, John J. Carey, l\1ichael P. Quigley, Brank Golden, Charles F. Kayser, Nlichael Holly, J an1es IIogan, J an1es P. IIanley, Dennis Shea, Charles F. Eisele, John J. O'Donnell, Ed ward Berth, Michael Mc Mahon, Thomas Donahue, J an1es Cori ck, Martin Dona hue, Thomas Sullivan, Patrick Conway, Jan1es Kane, Charles S. Toolan, James Hartigan, Ferdinand Shainer, Patrick Ryan, Patrick O'Connor, Charles O'Connell, Thonuts F. Condon, Michael J. Shay, Frank E. Sullivan, Dennis l\!IcCarthy, Thomas F. Shanley, Thomas A. Mc Guire, Jacob A: \Vest. Hin1nan Street Station.-Lieutenant, Richard A. Shep pard ; Sergeant, John Enright ; Desk Sergeants, Edward Barth, ,villiam S. McGuire; Patroln1en, Charles R. Fugate, Daniel G. Riodan; Jan1et vVarner, Patrick Far ley, Lawrence Birmingham, John J. Egan, James I-I. RoRecranz, Michael \V. Quinlan, John M. Haines, Patrick l\fcCarthy, Janies \V. Knowles, Michael O'Rielly, Miles Dolan, \Villiam Mayworn1, vVilliam Coleman, Thomas R. \Valsh, Thomas F. Cullerton, Frank Rehn1, Willian1 Dil lon, Patrick Conroy, Jesse Fairchild, Thomas J. Cannon, John F. Rafferty, Thon1as F. Farrell_, James E. Culliton, Patrick l\iaguire, Owen Doherty, Mathew Zemich, Jan1es Peceny, James Mansfield, Mathew Kakuska, Thon1as F. 228 THE POLI'rICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Meagher, Richard Cullen, Richard Hughes, Patrick Mc Grath, Loring J. Van Pelt, Louis F. Shane, John Yore, John Small, John Petropski, Benjamin Burns, James Fitzgerald. Deering Street Station.-Lieutenant, John Byrne; Sergeant, Michael L. Miller; Desk Sergeants, Patrick Mahoney, James Lawlor; Patrolmen, James W. McKenna.,. James J. Fitzgerald, John J. Meany, John P. Nolan,. James D. Fitzmaurice, James Bergen, Eli S. Oremieux,. Michael O'Brien, Patrick Keating, John Houlihan,. William Rooney, James Healy, ~Iichael E. Keating, llichael Nagle, John O'Donnell, John McCarthy, Michael Conroy, Martin Ward, John O'Hara, Thomas J. Sloyer, Patrick O'Day, Stephen Muchosky, John ,vhite, Maurice Crotty, John J. McOallon, William McShea, John J. Jones, ,vnlian1 Dillon, Joseph L. Rivers, Michael Hickey, Cl1arles McGovern. New districts at Canal port avenue and West Thirteenth street, under Rehm. and Croak, have selected men here and there. THIRD PRECINCT. Desplaines Street Station.-Captain, Willjam Ward; Lieu tenants, Francis Penzen, ;James Bowler; Sergeant, Richard J. Moore; Desk Sergeant, Albert G. Dutton; Patrolmen, John A. Patterson; James S. Libby, John ,vheeler, John Hickey, ·Michael Hennessy, James Byrnes, Doctor F. Saylor, John Reid, James Early, John C. Dammonn, James Ray, John J. Kelly, Charles H .. Goodman,Andrew O'Day, Patrick H. Keefe, August C. Keller, Arthur Connolly, Cornelius O'Shea, Michael O'Donnel, vVillian1 Bohan, Thomas Mur phy, Louis Johnson, Michael M. Condon, Thomas Lee, John D. Hartford, George L. Kaiser, Peter Foley, John Wessler, James Mitchell, Augustus G. Delometer, Patrick Wiley, Jerre Grogan, Paul Kopyto, Timothy J. Stanton, Thomas McEnery, Lawrence J. Murphy, John J. Keefe, THE POLICE DEPART~1ENT. 229

Michael l\iiadden, John E. Doyle, Martin Cullen, Jacob Hnbert, Nicholas J. Shannon, Robert J. Walsh, Michael V{. O'Brien (killed on duty, Nov. 11, 1885), John ~Iagis, Patrick Connors, ifichael Sheehan9 John Plunkett, Hugo Asping, John J. Daley, Thon1as Kindlion, John H. King, Martin Flynn, Mathew Wilson, Patrick Nash, James Con way, Patrick Hartford, Thomas Meaney,. John J. Barrett, Jan1es E. Hormon, Daniel J. Daley, Patrick 0. lVIcLaugh lin, Mathew T~ Connoly, Charles ,v. vVhituey, John S. Kelly, lVIichael Dillon, James H. Tracy, Peter J. ·Burns, Joseph M. Cole, James P. Plunk~tt, Daniel Pembroke, John M. Weeney; Engineer, Joseph A. Turner; Assistant Engineer, Charles Kobesky; Janitors, Charles S. Perry, Patrick Coy; Hostlers, John Gleason, Patrick Lorney; Matrons, Catherine S. Dodge, Mary Stewart. West Madison Street Station.-Lieutenant John P. Beard ; Sergeant, John Post ; Desk Sergeants, Willian1 W. Cluett, Michael 0. Callaghan; Patrolmen, Lyman Barkley, Nathan A. Brisco, Huron C. Scott, Martin Carl son, Patrick 1\'IcMahon, Michael Keeley, George Kernan, John K. Fitzgerald, Orville Z. Barber, Jacob J. Barcal, Alexander Beaubien, James Brutose, Joseph Fallon, Daniel Orarner, Gustav A. ,v alter, Dennis Dunne, Patrick Davoren, John B. Millure, Michael M. Horan, Frank Murphy, Michael Connolly, John Brown, Richard Ells worth, Hugh McNeil, Timothy Daley, George Miller, William I. N e:ff, Nicholas H. Stahl. ,vest Lake Street Station.-Lieutenant, James P. Stan ton; Sergeant, Edmund Roche ; Desk Sergeants, Michael S. IIyland, Edwin P. Mann ; Patrolmen, lVIichael Galla gher, Benjamin Williams, Michael 0. Slavin, John T. O'Hara, James E. English, Ancel D. Norcross, Thomas Grady, Timothy ~I. Dillon. ,villian1 L. Sanderson, ,vill iam F. Jickling, Charles II.· Gersch, Adam W. Cook., Henry I-I. Cl nett~ Dennis F. Tierney., . Alex. Jameson, 230 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Millard Ensworth, John H. Kenny, Jacob Hanson, Timo thy O'Sullivan, John O'Dowd, Charles H. Coffey, Thomas Halley, George Lynch, Peter Butterly, Patrick Prior, William Kelly, Patrick Cunningham, Charles E. Allen, Joseph Norman, Michael Horan, J atnes B. Short, Thomas· Hennessey, Michael Moran, William Burns, Charle_s H. Fink, Thomas Brophy, John Hartnett, Jr., Bernard J. Murphy. FOURTH PRECINCT. West Chicago Station.- Captain, Amos W. Hathaway; Lieutenants, Edward J. Steele, tlartin Quinn; Sergeant, Frank G. Beaubien ; Desk Sergeants, Rudolph Sanders, Louis Kaiser, Patrolmen, John Ryan, Patrick F. Loftus, Michael Connelly, John C. Gunderson, Charles H. Roach, William Dewald, Roald Lund, John M. Sick, Nicholas Crosby, Patrick D. Owens, Edward Barrett, John }filler, Robert Cline, John Hanrahan, Frank Eastn1an, James Cook, Charles J eush, Frank G. Letis, Chauncey W. Bart lett, Cyril R. French, Edward J. I-Ianley, Christian Blix selt, Herman Kruger, William Lave, Charles Spierling, William Halpin, Samuel Helgo, Frank W esolek, James Bolger, John O'Connell, Louis A. Scherer, Chris. W. Gai nor, John Sullivan, John K. McMahon, Carl E. Johnson, Edward W. Ruel, John B. Tobin, Nels 0. Sloier, William J. Deterling, Benjamin F. Schnell, Peter McCormick, John J. McNulty, Patrick Walsh, Michael Kissane, George P. Ring, Frederick vV ellman, Martin . Bock, Joseph A. Gilso, Julius L. Simonson, John Jurs, Jerre Kennedy, Patrick Tully, Simon Kledzia, John Kinsella, James Mackay, James E. Tyanan, William H. Onthank, Joseph Polo zynskt Cornelius Fitzgerald, Freeman J. Steele, James Glynn; Matrons, Mary Ann Meyer, Annie Dwyer. West North Avenue Station .-Lieutenant, Michael Bischoff; Sergeant, Anton Oyen; Desk-Sergeants, George A. Bender ; Patrolmen, Jerry O'Donriohue, George W. THE POLICE DEP.ARTMENT. 231

Raycraft, Michael Burns, John R. Looby, James Kearns, Joseph Kendzia, Elef Danielsen, Patrick H. Owens, James "\V. Kerr, ,villiam C. Morris, John Lindstrom, Nils Hansen, Thomas McNamara, Charles Schoen, Samuel Collins, Alexander Halverson, Frank )V. N ohren, Simon Mc Mahon, James B. Kelly, Charles L. Moore, James B. Maloy, Michael McMahon, Daniel P. McCarthy, Charles Johnson. Rawson Street Station.-Lieutenant, Charles J. John son; Sergeant, Charles O'Connor; Desk-Sergeants, Wil liam Patton, Milo M. Wheadon; Patrolmen, Mathew Foley, Max IIeidelmeyer, Wilhelm Lohn1eyer, John Boyd, Thomas D. Fox, Patrick J. Murphy, Thomas J. Griffin, Patrick E. McNulty, Willjam Demar, Jacob Tamillo, James Gleason, Edmund Burke, Charles F. Onlhank, John B. Wathier, John H. Monihan, Michael Korzemewski, Charles F. Wendt, William M. Marsh, Alexander Mc Donald, James T. Johnson, Mathew Reagan,. Kazpar Wiczoreck, Patrick Flannigan.

FIFTH PRECINCT. East Chicago Avenue Station.- Captain, Michael Schaack; Lieutenants, C. C. Larsen, Victor Schumacher; Sergeant, P. J. Gibbons; Desk-Sergeants,,Robert C. l\Iont gomery, Charles G. Koch; Patrolmen, John ~{ullin, James D. Cook, Edward ·F. Koeller, David E. Little, Charles A. Strail, William Griffin, Richard Bartlett, Jacob Loewenstein, Bernt Meyer, Patrick O'Regan, Charles A. Spencer, ·Thomas McMahon, Edward Mc Grath, Henry W. Post, William Kearney, John P. Berwick, Anton Klinger, John Stiffes, Charles Maleska, James R. Prendergast, Thon1as J. Ryan, James Moore, Paul Hoefig, Thomas B. Boynes, Walter O'Donnell, Joseph Mercier, George W. Miller, Garrett H. Doyle, Owen P. Roach; Pound-Keeper, William Kaecke; 232 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

Bailiff, Peter lV[. IIansborongh.:- died Nov. 4, 1885 ; Patrolmen, J an1es :01:cGinnis, George Perry, Peter M. Kelly., Harvey Hughes, vVillian1 Sleeth, Robert J. Schlan., Anthony Kelly., Peter Schaus, George IIutchinson., Daniel Coughlin., ,Villian1 Cudmore, I-Iugo· R. Nialinowski, Jan1es Beggan., Herman G. Nehls, J an1es onroote., vVilliam Murphy, John Welsh., John T. Finn., Peter Adams., Gus tav Williams., John Flerning, vVilliam Spain, John O. N ordstrain, William H. Calkins, John Gallagher, John Noonan, Patrick Scott, August H. Mueller, John J. Shea, Herman B. Croon, Willian1 Lauer, Patrick M. J\'Iurphy, Julius Haerle, Peter "\Velter, Louis C. Baumann, Patrick l-I. Casey, James J. Crowley, Gustav Franenknecht; Matrons, Mary Eager, Annie Mohoman; Janitors, Peter Kuhr, Henry Christianson; Hostler, John Heenan. Larrabee Street Station.-Lieutenant, John Baus; Ser geant, John D. Bodn1er; Desk Sergeants, Francis Smith and Edward F. IIedrich; Patroln1en, Nathan J. Young, John K. Soller., Bernhard Demaling, Otto Schifter, Ed ward Duddless, Dennis Hoges, Michael Hoff man, John Eizinger, Richard Bald, Mathias Johnson, John Kaiser, John Hartman; John Garity, John G. Lorch, John Kee gan, Ed ward Langen, Patrick Casey, J an1es O'Donnell, Henry Degan, John Connor, Hugh Harrity, Frank Stoffel, Bernard Boesen, Patrick Meniahon, Thon1as H. Moran, Mathias J. Franzen, Martin Huels, Charles E. Johnson, Dennis O'Connor, Thon1as I-I. Seery, Levi Wood, Otto Hairle, John V. Ryan, Julius Roach, Peter Kelly, Willian1 H. Parker, 4-nthony Paton, Luke Colleran, Henry Fitz gerald, J\'Iichael Nash, John Delaney, Thomas O'Shea, George W. Gowan_, and Frank Ehvood. Webster Avenue Station.-Lieutenant, Elisha E. Lloyd; Sergeant, ,vnlian1 IIogan ; Desk Segeants, John Nye and John Quirk; Patrolmen, Hern1an Schnettler, William Cushn1an, Michael J. Shute, John Barry, John G. Koch, THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 233

John Patter3on, 1\"illian1 R. :M~acauley, John Scanlon, Nicholas Krass, vVillian1 1-Iaerle, Martin Hoffman, Lauritz Lauritzen, "\Villian1 J. Jackson, Patrick Riley, Robert L. Monahan, Edward Lee, I-Ienry Donahue, Thomas Jordan, Frederick Anderson, Stephen Tarnawski, Edward J. Gard ner, August L. Zimmerman, Niichael NicGraw, Patrick A . • Gorrity, Duncan 1IcCloud, Timothy !1:ahoney, John Mc- ...t\.nley, Thon1as O'Donovan, John D. !'IcMahon, Andrew Nesser, Thon1as Glavin, Henry Prendergast, John A.~ El liott, Peter Gibbons, Frank J. Thalstrom, Jacob Marugg, Frank C. Ryan, and Frederick Lnettich. THE POLICE TELEPHONE, AND SIGNAL SYSTEM. This is one of the greatest institutions in the police service of the world. It came into use when vVilliam J. McGarigle, now vVarden of the Cook County Hospital, was General Superintendent of the police of the city of Chicago. This was in 1880. Prof. J qhn P. Barrett, the distinguished electrician and Superintendent of the Fire Alarm Telegraph, worked hard to make it ·a success, as also did Austin J. Doyle, Fire Nlarshal Swenie, Inspector Bonfield, and Captain O'D.onnell. The instruments and batteries for receiving and record ing telegraphic signals are placed in each police station. The app~ratus is auton1atic, and requires no great skill to handle. vVhenever a signal is sent fron1 the street-station the record is registered of itself. The gravity batteries are reliable and constant. vVhen the arbitrary signals of the telegraph are insufficient resort is had to the telephones and transmitters. Fro1n each J)Olice station radiate telegraph lines, con necting at desired localities with a structure on the street resembling a sentry-box, octagonal i.n form, about two feet eight inches in cliaraeter and eight feet in height. A lamp placed upon the tep lights the interior of the box and illu minates the street. The street-station, complete, with door open, showing alarm-box, with telephone, etc., and with lamp on top, thus taking the place of iron lamp post. 234 THE POLICE DEPAR'l'MENT. 235

The doors of the boxes have a patent trap-lock, so that a key cannot be withdrawn until released by a master key. Each key is numbered, and the na111e of the holder kept on record. rrhis is to insure honesty in turning in an alarm. When a key has been used the proper officer can only return it who holds the master or release key. A key to the street station n1ay be given to a responsible citizen, and each patrolman carries one. The locks are uni£ orm, and one key will open any street-station. Inside of each station is a small iron case, with a door aud lock, contain ing an automatic signal instrun1ent, whereby a key-holder by pulling a hook can call for assistance. Only officers have keys to the inside boxes, which contain, besides the signal apparatus, a telephone and tra11s1nitter.

Alarm Box, with ·door open, showing the Signal box, with dial for differ ent calls, and Telephone for use of Patrolmen in communicating with Police Station.

rrhe patrol-wagon is light and strong. It is furnished with an alarn1-gong. On either side of the box under the seats, running lengthwise is a compartn1ent for hand cuffs, come-alongs, clubs, blankets, canvass stretcher, lffl1·.. 'f7····1 I I i : iii'J llo,.,,,NOHt.-1-IMott-~ n. ...~ ....._.,., ... _, ----•Nlllllftl--•··""'...... _ ..... _ _., .... ,. _, .. ,oNONo,,.,_, ...... " 11··-••H•-·---- .... _,..... " ...... UHUIIIU .... 1111•"91111ut111111m1t .....,1111mnm1uiu11111uu1111111..,n1MU1tl1lllllftlllt1111•llillltollllllllllUOllttU••·••t1111111,uto1.U111111,11 .. 111111n1....,,_ ·~=::-.::::;;::::~ ...... ,.. , ,,.,,__ ...... :;:::::::::::::::;;;;;,,,; ...... ;;;;;;;;;;,;,;:;;;;;;;_;;:::;;;;;;;;;;;:;:.-.:;;:::;::::::::::-..i~'-

-~: :·· .. . . ,, ...... ~:.::/.If/~?:: ---=--~ -

THE PATROL WAGON. THE POLICE DEP _\.H,T:\lENT. 237 ropes, etc. The stretcher, when not in use is is rolled up on the poles. vVhen needed it is produced through a little door at the end of the wagon, and attached to the hooks on the poles. The jolting of the wagon is hardly per ceptible. There is a ring in the floor of the wagon to hold down unmanageable prisoners.

PRTVATE BOX.

There is a sn1all signal-box designed for banks, hotels, business offices or private residences. .A. key of the house is left at the police sta,tion under seal. By pulling the hook of the box one can send an alann and tell what is needed by one of ten different signals. A policen1an in. 238 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. the station breaks the seal, takes the key from its place, steps quietly into the front door and surprises the burglars at their work. The ,voulcl-be victi1n need not 1nove from his bed. The police, telephone and signal telegraph outside of Chicago is now the property of the owners and constructors of the Gan1ewell systen1 of fire-alarn1. telegraphs operating in about two hundred cities and towns. Professor E. B. Chandler, the first superintendent of the fire-alarn1 tele graph in Chicago, represents the western division in Chicago, with headquarters at 118 La Salle street. The })rincipal . office is No. 1½ Barclay street, New York, and among others are the following agencies:_ William I-I. J\1:endell, Special Agent, 115 Congress -street, Boston, Mass. ; for New England: Ed win Rogers, 115 Congress street, Boston, Mass. ; for New York State: -the Utica Fjre Alarn1 Telegraph Con1pany, Utica, N. Y.; for Maryland: J. F. 1\1:orrison, 7 South street, Baltimore; for Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee: Post & Company, ·Cincinnati, 0.; for Indiana and "\Vest Virginia: Webb Chandlee:- Richn1ond, Ind. ; for Pacific Division: Califor nia Electrical Works, George S. Ladd, President, 222 San .some street, San Francisco, Cal. THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 239

THE HAYlVIARKET HORROR. On the night of Tuesday, lVIay 4, 1886, seven police officers were wounded to their death and many more crip pled by the throwing of a bon1b and pistol shots by anarch ists, or reputed anarchists, near Haymarket Square. The following is a list of the killed : Mathias J. Degan, George lVIiller,. John J. Barrett, Timothy Flavihan, Michael Sheehan, Nils IIansen, Thomas Madden. The following is the official report of the police in the premises: JUNE 9, 1886. FREDK. EBERSOLD, ESQ., GEN'L SUPERINTENDEXT OF POLICE: Sir,-On Tuesday, ~fay 4, the attention of our de partment was called to a circular headed '' Revenge," and also to the fact tha.t an anarchist n1eeting was to be held that evening on Randolph street, near Desplaines street, on the square known in years gone by as t~e I-Iayn1arket, but owing to reasons known only to the prin1e movers of the meeting, it was changed to about 90 feet north of Randolph on Desplaines street, and near the intersection of an alley, to better serve their purposes. On the afternoon of the day above mentioned, his honor, the Mayor, ordered that the Department of Police keep watch of the meeting, -and if any of the speakers should advise their hearers to acts of Yiolence, it would be our duty, as conservators of the peace, to go to the place of meeting in sufficient force, and order them to peaceably disperse, the order to be as directed by law. (See Revised Statutes of Illinois, chapter 38, section 253.) To carry out the instructions of the Niayor, Captain "\Vard, of the third precinct, was ordered to call all his available men to Des plaines street station. Ca.ptain ,v ard's comn1and consisted of one hundred men under the command of Lieutenants 240 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Bowler, Stanton, Penzen and Beard. In addition to the above, there .were present from the Central detail, twenty six men commanded by Lieutenant G. vV. Hubbard and Sergeant John E. Fitzpatrick~ and fifty n1en from the fourth precinct, with Lieutenants Steele and Quinn. The entire force present consisting of one captain, seven lieu tenants, and one hundred and seventy-six men. At the suggestion of the l\ilayor, and with your permis sion, I went to the Desplaines street station and took com mand of the entire force assembled at th_at point. By your o~ders detectives were sent out to mingle with the crowd, and were ordered to ·pay strict attention to the speakers, and if any thing of an incendiary nature was advised, the officers were to report to me at Desplaines street statiqn. About 9 o'clock, p. m., I was informed that the meet ing was not being held on the market place, but they had moved to a point on Desplaines street, between Randolph and Lake streets, and about 350 feet fro1n Desplaines street station. At different tin1es, between 8 and 9 :30 o'clock, p. m., officers in plain clothes reported the progress of the n1eet ing, and stated that nothing of a very inflan1matory nature was said until a n1an named Fielden, or Fielding, took the stand. He advised his hearers "To throttle the law," "It would be as well for them to die fighting as to starve to death." He further advised then1 ·' To extern1inate the capitalists, and to do it that night." \Vanting to be clearly within the law; and wishing to leave no roon1 for doubt as to the propriety of our actions, I did not act on the first reports, but sent the officers back to n1ake fur ther observations. A few 1ninutes after 10 o'clock, p. n1., the officers returned and re11orted that the crowd was get ting excited and the speaker growing n1ore incendiary in his language. I then felt to hesitate any longer would be criminal on my part, and then gave· the order to fall in, and our force formed on Waldo Place. THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 241

The companies of Lieutenants Steele and Quinn formed the first division, Lieutenant Steele on the right. The con1panies of Lieutenants Stanton and Bo,vler formed the second division, Lieutenant Bowler on the right. The third division consisted of twenty-six men from the Central detail under comn1and of Lieutenant Hubbard and Sergeant Fitzpatrick. Two companies commanded by Lieutenants Beard and Penzen brought up the rear. Their orders weTe to forn:i J·ight an.cl left on Randolph street and guard (?Ur rear from any attack fron1 the Hay market on Randolph street. In this order we marched north· on Desplaines street (Captain vVard and myself in front of the first division), until within a few feet of the truck upon which the speakers were standing, and around which a large crowd had congregated. The command, halt, was given, and Captain vVard stepping forw&ird to within about three feet of the truck, said, "I con1n1and you, in the name of the people of the state to immediately and peaceably dis perse," and turning to the crowd of persons on the right and left, said "I command you, and you, to assist." Fielden or Fielding turned and got off the truck, and as he reached the sidewalk, said in rather a loud voice, "We are peaceable." Almost instantly, I heard a hissing sound behind n1e followed by a tremendous explosion. The ex plosion was immediately fbllowed by a volley of pistol shots from the sidewalks and street in front of us. The explosion was caused by a dynamite bon1b which was thrown into our ranks from the east sidewalk, and fell in the second division, and near the dividing line be tween the companies of Lieutenants Stanton and Bowler. For an instant the entire command of the above nan1ed officers, with many of the first and third divisions was thrown to the ground. Alas, many never to rise again ! The men recovered instantly, and returned the fire of the 16 242 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. n1ob. Lieutenants Steele and Quinn charged the mob on the street, while the company of Lieutenant Hubbard with the few uninjured members of the second division swept both sidewalks with a hot and telling fire, and in a few minutes the anarchists were flying in every direction. I then gave the order to cease firing, fearing that some of our men, in the darkness might fire into each other. I then ordered the patrol wagons to be called, made de tails to take care of the dead and wounded, placed guards around the station and called for physicians to attend to our wounded n1en. The reports of Captain Ward and the Lieutenants en gaged which are attached and form a pa-rt of this report will give all details as to the killed and wounded. It is surprising to many that our men stood and did not get demoralized under such trying circumstances. It has been asseTted that regular troops have become panic stricken from less cause. I see no way to account for it except this: 'rhe soldier acts as part of a machine, rarely, if ever, when on duty is he allowed to act as an in dividual or to use his personal judgment. A police offi cer's training teaches him to be self-reliant. Day after day and night after night he goes on duty alone, and when in conflict with the thief and the burglar, he has to.depend upon his own individual exertions. The soldier being part of a machine, it follows that when a part of it gives out, the rest is useless until the injury is repaired. The policeman being a _n1achine in himself, rarely, if ever gives up until lie is laid on the ground and unable to rise again. In conclusion, I beg leave to report, that the conduct of the men and officers, with few exceptions, was admira ble. As a military n1an said to me the next day, "vVorthy the hei·oes of a hundred battles. .,, Of one officer, I beg leave to n1ake special mention. In1mediately after the ex plosion I looked behind me and saw the greater portion of THE POLICE DEP.ARTl\IENT. 243

the second division on the ground. I gave the order to the n1en to close up, and in an instant, Sergeant John E. Fitzpatrick was at my side an

CENTRAL DETAIL.

CHICAGO, Ill,, May 7, 1886. JOHN BONFIELD, ESQ., SECRETARY AND INSPECTOR. Sir: - On the evening of the 4th inst, I was ordered to Desplaines street station with a company consisting of twenty-eight men from the Central detail. The follow ing names will give the roster of my command and also the nan1es of the injured : Lieutenant, George W. Hubbard ; Sergeant, John E. Fitzpatrick ; Patrolmen, Cornelius W. Crowley, John P. Nelson, Patrick Lavihan, injured, Jacob Ebinger, injured, Solon1on S. Steele, James Kerwin, J. 0. D. Storen, Wil liam Lyonnais, Hira1n A. Earl, John J. Kelley, injured, James Mitchell, Lewis Goldon, John ,v. Collins, Jan1es H. Willson,· injured, Peter lVIcHugh, Luke Colleran, Fred A. Andrews, injured, lVIichael O'Brien, injured, John A. Weber, John F. Gibbons, James Cahill, John Riardon, John 0. lVIorris, John Morweiser, Florence Donahue, Daniel IIogan, injured. At about 10:15 o'clock p. m., we were ordered by you to fall in. In taking our position in line we were the 5th company, the first four companies marching division front, we marching company front. Myself and Sergeant Fitz- 244 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. patrick were side by side, the Sergeant on my right and both of us in front and center of our command. We pro ceeded North on Desplaines street to about ninety feet North of Randolph street, and when in the act of halting, a bomb was thrown from the east _side of Desplaines street alighting in the center of the second division, about five feet from and directly in front of myself and Sergeant Fitz patrick. The bon1b exploded instantly and mowed down about one-half of the second division and six n1en of the left wing of our con1mand. The concussion 111ade by the explosion, staggered and rendered 111e wholly deaf for a few, moments. The ren1ainder of the second division was forced back by the havoc n1ade by the explosion, together with our own injured, ten1porarily deranging our line. Sergeant Fitzpatrick reorganized the right wing of our co_mn1and and commenced firing upon the crowd on the east sidewalk, I taking the remainder of the left wing and emptying our revolvers into the crowd as they rushed south on the west side of Desplaines street. The firing con tinued until the order came fron1 you, through Sergeant Fitzpatrick, to cease firing, fearing that we might injure each other in the darkness. vVe proceeded at once to re organize the company, reload and ascertain how many of our command was n1issing, and found nine men short, seven of whom were injured and the other two were. assist ing in caring for the wounded. By your order we proceed.:. ed to the southwest corner of Desplaines and Randolph and stood guard until relieved and ordered to the station. A portion of our command was detailed to assist in gather ing up the wounded officers, as every few nlinutes, word would be received that an injured officer was at such a number or place. Directly after the bomb exploded it was followed hy a volley of pistol shots fro1n both the east and west side walks. Our n1en returned the fire as soon as possible. I THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 245 also saw many p~rsons lying on the walks, in door-ways and alleys after the firing ceased, but when we had cared for our own n1en and begun gathering up the dead and wounded of the enemy, mariy had disappeared in some n1anner and others drawn into adjacent buildings. The entire proceedings were sudden, vicious and soon over, no one knows better than yourself. I would state in conclusion, that the conduct of the men was adn1irable, and that at the comn1andJ "cease firing and fall in," the command in1n1ediately reorganized on the very ground that they halted on at the beginning of the engagement. RespectfullyJ GEORGE W. HUBBARD, Lieutenant of Police. JOHN E. FITZPATRICK, Sergeant of Police.

DES PLAINES STREET STATION.

MAY 5, 1886. WILLIAM w ARD, ESQ.' CAPTAIN COMMANDING THIRD PRECINCT: Sir :-I respectfully report to yon that on the 4th inst. there was an anarchist meeting held on Desplaines street, between Lake and Randolph streets. About 10: 15 o'clock p. m., on the above mentioned date, Inspector Bonfield and Captain Ward called seven companies of n1en together. At the comn1and, "fall in," from Inspector Bonfield, we formed ·on Waldo place, and n1arched into Desplaines to about ninety feet north of Randolph street, to within a few feet of the speaker's stand, a flat truck wagon. I could distinctly hear you give the order for the speaker and ~rowd to disperse, "in the name of the state and as peace able citizens." The speaker then paused for a n1oment, and the next instant a bombshell was thrown into our n1idst, wounding nineteen of 111y n1en out of a company of twenty-six. I was n1omentarily stunned, but soon recov ered myself, and ordered what men I had left to charge on the crowd. 1\r e fired several shots each, and then used our 246 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGC. clubs to good ad vantage. Both sides of the street were covered with wounded 1nen, but 1nost of the crowd was north on Desplaines street. After the shooting was over, Sergeant R. :Oiooro, Ofiicer·s \Vosslm·, Foley, i\Ieaney, Asping, H. ,vabh and 111.yself went to assist the wounded. During the struggle I saw Inspector Bonfield, Captain Ward, Lieutenant Hubbard, Sergeants n:loore and Fitzpat rick several tirnes. The following shows the 11an1es of the officers in my con1pany, also the names of the wounded: Lieutenant Ja111es Bowler; Sergeant, Richard J. Moore; Patroln1en George 1\filler, ~lohn ,J. Barrett and Michael Sheehan died fron1 injuries received; John Reid, bullet wounds in both legs below knees; Lawrence J. :O:lnrphy, half of the left foot blown off by shell, t,vo shell wounds in the right leg, one in the right hip, two bullet wounds in the right leg, also one in the left side of neck; John E. Doyle, tlvo bullet wounds in the right leg below the knee, three shell wounds in the left leg belo,v the knee; Arthur Conolly, two shell wounds in the right leg, bul let wound in the right arn1 ; Nicholas J. Shannon, bullet wound in the back, seventeen shell wounds in the lower part of both legs; i\.clan1 S. Ba,rber, bullet wound in right heel, shell wounds in the lower and back part of both legs; Jan1es Conway, shell wounds through the lower part of the right leg; Thon1as l\,fcEnery, ten shell wounds in both legs; Patrick I-Iartforcl, two shell wounds in the left leg, bullet wound through the right heel, three ~oes of left foot shot off; Louis Johnson, shell wound in the lower part of the left leg; Frank P. Tyrell, two shell wounds in the fleshy part of the left thigh; August C. Keller, shell wound above the left hip, bullet wound in left side; James Brady, four shell wounds in the lower part of both legs; John I-I. King, shell ·wound in the right jaw and two bullet ·wounds in the right leg; Peter Foley, THE POLICE DEP AKf:ilENT. 247

John Wesler, Thomas Meaney, Robert J. Walsh, I-Iugo Asping, Edward Griffin, Willian1 L. Sanderson, not injured. Respectfully yours, J A:MES Bo,YLEll, Lieutenant of Police.

,YEST LAKE STREET STATION.

CHICAGO, Ill., l\Iay 17, 1886. WILLIAM w ARD, ESQ., CAPTAIN CO:\DL-\.NDI:KG THIRD PRECINCT: Sir,-I beg leave to make the follo,ving report of the part taken by myself and company in the Hayrnarket riot on the evening of the 4th inst. I forn1ed n1y con1pany on Waldo place about 10: 15 o'clock, p. n1., and 111arched east into Desplaiues street, then north on that street by con1pany front to abon t ninety feet north of Randolph street and can1e to a hn,lt, and in about six or eight seconds I saw the bon1b just before it struck the ground. I noticed a fuse about an inch long attached to the shell, which exploded a few seconds later. It fell directly in front and near the center of n1y con1pany and about four feet to rny left. I think it was thrown fron1 the east side of the street. Shooti11g began in11nediately after the shell exploded, and continued fron1 three to five n1inutes. I turned to look after n1y men, and found they were scattered, and the most of then1 injured. I ordered then1 to fire, and proceeded to do so n1yself, and continued to do so until exhausted by the loss of blood fron1 n1y wounds. I was then taken to the Desplaines street station_, and soon afterward to the county hospital. l\iiy company consisted of eighteen 111..en and n1yself. The balance of my men were detailed in other con1panies. Respectfully yours, JAMES P. STANTON, Lieutenant of Police. 248 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

WEST LAKE STREET STATION.

CHICAGO, Ill., May 17, 1886. WILLIAM WARD, ESQ., CAPTAIN COMMANDING THIRD PRECINCT: SirJ-The following is a report showing the names of the officers of this station who were detailed in the Des plaines Street district, May 4, 1886, afao to what compa nies they were assigned, those who were wounded and the nature of the wounds received in the Haymarket riot on the evening of that day: Lieutenant James P. Stanton, two wounds iri calf of right leg, one in right thigh, one in right hip, one in right side; one in right forearm, wounded by pieces of shell, pistol wound in right arm, severe, but doing well; Patrol man Charles H. Coffey, not injured; Patrolmen, Alexan der Jameson, severe pistol shot in left thighJ also in left wrist; Timothy O'Sullivan, severe pistol sl1ot wound in right thigh; Thon1as I-Ialley, slightly injured by being trampled on; Jacob Hanson, right leg crushed by shell, amputated above the knee, two pistol shot wounds in left hip, left ankle fractured by shell, very dangerous; Michael Horan, dangerous pistol shot wound in right thigh, four inches above the knee, also severe pistol shot wound in right forearn1; Peter Butterly, severe wound in each leg below the knees, by shell, severe pistol shot wound in_ right forearn1; Willian1 l{elly, not injured; Joseph Norman,. severe shell wound in left hand, also in right heel; Thomas Hennessey, severe shell wound in left thigh, also several slight wounds in both legs below the knees, caused by fragrnents o.f shell; ·vVillia1n Bnrns, slight shell wo:nnd in right_ instep; Charles I-I. Fink, two dangerous pistol shot wounds in each thigh and severe shell wou1Hl in left ankle; Mathias J. Degan, killed by shell wounds in abclon1en and legs; Bernard J. Murphy, dangerous shell wound on right side of head, large ,vound through left thigh; Thomas THE POLICE DEP.A.RTMENT. 249

Brophy, severe shell wound in left hand~ John Mc Weiney, not injured; Charles J. Whitney_, dangerous shell wound in chest; Thomas Redden, left leg crushed by shell; also wounds in both arms and face, diecl at the county hospital May 17, 1886. In Lieutenant Beard's company, Patrolmen_, James Plunkett, slightly injured by being trampled upon; Pat rick Prior, Dennis F. Tierney, John Hartnett, Jr., Charles E. Allen, Patrick Cunningham, not injured. In Lieutenant Penzen's con1pany-Sergeant Edmund Roche_, not injured; Patrolmen, Jan1es B. Short, George Lynch, ~Iichael Moran, not injured; John S. Kelly, de tailed on wagon, not injured. Respectfully yours, ED}IUND ROCHE, Acting Lieutenant of Police.

WEST CHICAGO A VENUE STATION.

CHICAGO, Ill.,. May 12, 1886. JOHN BONFIELD, ESQ., INSPECTOR OF POLICE: Sir,-Obedient to orders received at 7:30 o'clock p. m .. May 4 from Frederick Ebersold, General Superintendent of Police, for fifty police officers to report at Desplaines street station, Captain A. ,v. liathaway detailed n1yself and twenty-five 111en, and in pursuance of said order I re ported the con1111and and n1yself to Inspector John Bonfield at Desplaines street station at about 1"/:45 o'clock, p. 111. The entire force present was inforn1ecl that an unlawful meeting was about to be held on Desplaines street near Randolph street, with orders to prohibit the sa1ne and if not complied with, to disperse said n1eeting. About 10 :15 o'clock, p. n1., on the evening 1nentioned above, Inspector Bonfield gave the comn1ancl to fall in, 1nyself and comn1and being placed on the right of the column. Starting from "\Valdo place we n1arched into Des1)laines street, double com- 250 TEI.ii: POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHICAOO. pany front was formed, the left of the first con1pany being commanded by Lieutenant :iVIartin Quinn. r_rhe order, "for ward," brought us to within about six feet of an impro•visecl stand, a flat truck wagon, where several speakers were pres ent and a man na1ned Fielding was then speaking to the as sen1bly. The comn1and, halt, was given; and at this n10- n1ent, the speaker, pointing to our advancing force, re marked, '' _There are the blood-hounds coming; do your duty and 1 will do n1ine." Captain ,villiam ,v ard of the third precinct, then stepped forward to the speaker's stand and addressing the speaker as also the entire assembly, said, '· I as an officer of the law in the nan1e of the people of the State of Illinois, do hereby comn1aud you to disperse,'' at the sa1ne tin1e calling upon law abiding citizens to assist hin1 in so doing. Ae Captain \Vard had finished his last sen tence, a shell was thrown into the ranks in the rear of Lieutenant Martin Quinn's company there exploding. At the san1e tin1e a volley of shots was fired into our ranks fron1 the crowd. rrhe comn1ancl at once returned the fire .and being assisted by the entire force on the scene were successful in dispersing the n1ob. As to the conduct of the officers during the struggle I would state that they all acted pron1pt, and with precision and courage, with one exception. Officer Charles Dom browski, a new 1nember of the force., deserted his command and fled to a friend's house on IIalsted street. Said officer was subsequently discharged fro1n the force by ord~r of Frederick Ebersold, General Superintendent of Police. The follQwing is -a list of the officers in n1y command during the struggle, Officers C. ,v. Gainoio, Henry Wei neke; Edward Ruel, Hern1an I(rueger, Ed ward Barrett, Charles Don1browski, Patrick McN ulty. Respectfully yours, E. J. STEELE, Lieutenant of Police. THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 251

DESPLAINES STREET STATION.

CnICAGO, Ills., May 14, 1886. "\VILLIAM \VARD, EsQ., CAPTAIN Co:,11:r.ANDING THIRD PRECINCT: Sirr,-On 'ruesday evening, .Th'Iay 4, at about 10: 15 o'clock, p. m., ·we were ordered to fall in line on Waldo place. r_rhe con11nand was given by the left flank, march ing con1pany front. ,v e got instructions to halt on the north crossing of Desplaines and Ranc1olph streets. I saw son1ething thro-,,i-n fron1 the sidewalk 1iear Crane Bros. alley, ·which looked like a fire cracker, bnt instantly an explosion occurred, at the san1e tin1e shooting com1ne11ced in front of the police force., I being in comn1ancl of the second last con1pany. Three of n1y 111en got slightly hurt, and Officers Patrick n.fcLaughlin and Patrick Nash ,vere detailed to assist the wounded office.rs to Desplaines Stre.et Station and their hon1es. The following nan1ecl officers were in 1ny con1n1and: Sergeant, Ed1nuncl Roche; Patroln1en, P. I-I. Keefe, Andrew O'Day, bruised on right knee, lVIichael O'Donnell, John D. Hart'ford, Jeren1iah Grogan, John J. Daly, Gustav A. Walters, Patrick Connors, John Plunkett, Thon1as Kindlan, lVIatthew "\Vilson, Patrick Nash, bruised in left brea.st, Robert Bennett, :Wiatthew Connolly, Patrick .Nlc Langhlin_, bruised in right breast, Edward Gasquoine, Michael ,Valsh, Charles C. Fish, Edwin J. Cullon, George Lynch, Willian1 Sanderson,' Henry F. Sn1ith, bullet wound in right shoulder, Daniel Daley. Respectf nll y, FRA:NCIS PEN ZEN' Lieutenant of Police.

DESPLA.INES STREET STATION. . CIUCAGO, l\ilay 24, 1886. JOHN BONFIBLD, ESQ., SECRETARY AND INSPECTOR OF POLICE: Sir,-- I respectfully report to you that on the 4th inst 25 2 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. it was reported and advertised that an anarchist meeting was to be held that evening on Haymarket square. Lieu tenant Hubbard, Sergeant Fitzpatrick and twenty-six patroln1en fron1 the Central detail, Lieutenants Steele and Quinn and fifty men from the fourth precinct and Lieuten ants ·Bowler, Penzen, Stanton and Beai·d with one hundred men were held on reserve at this station. At about 10 o'clock p. m., policemen in citizens' dress reported that a large crowd had assembled on Desplaines just north of Randolph street, and speeches of an incendiary nature were being made. Inspector Bonfield ordered then1 back to the meet ing to note further what was said, and a few minutes later the same officers reported that the speakers ad vised the people to "attack the capitalists," "throttle the law," "stab the law," and other such language. Inspector Bon field then gave the order to get the men into line, which was done by forming them on Waldo place in the following order, viz.: Lieutenant E. J. Steele with twenty-five men, Lieutenant M. Quinn ·with twenty-five men, Lieu tenant Jan1es Bowler and Sergeant R. J. Moore with twenty-five n1en, Lieutenant J an1es P. Stanton with eigh teen n1en, Lieutenant Geo. W. Hubbard and Sergeant J. E. Fitzpatrick with twenty-six n1en. "\Ve then moved east to Desplaines street, then north on Desplaines street by left flank, two con1panies front. Lieutenants Steele and Quinn in advance, followed by Lieutenants Bowler and Stanton in san1e order, with Lieutenant Hubbard next. Lieutenants Beard and Penzen were ordered to wheel to the right and to the.left on Randolph street and halt any attack on our rear fro111 that street. We marched to abou~ ninety feet north of Randolph street to ,vhere the meeting was held. I saw a n1an, whon1 I afterward identified as Fielding, standing on a truck wagon at the corner of what is known as Cranes' alley. I raised n1y baton, and in a loud voice, ordered them to disperse as peaceable citizens. THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 253

I also called upon three persons in the crowd to assist in dispersing the mob. Fielding got down fron1 the wagon, saying at the time, ''Weare peaceable." As he uttered the last word, I heard a terrible. explosion behind where I was standing, followed almost instantly by an irregular volley of pistol shots in our front and from the side-walk on the east side of the street, which was immediately fol lowed by regular and well-directed volleys from the police and which was kept up for s~veral n1inutes. I then ordered the injured men brought to the station, and sent for sur geons to attend to their injuries. After receiving the neces sary attention n1ost of the injured officers were removed to the County hospital and I highly appreciate the manner in which they were received by Warden l\icGarigle, who did all in his power to make them comfortable as possible. Respectf u.11 y, WILLIAM WAUD, Captain third prect.

WEST MADISON STREET STATION.

CHICAGO, ntlay 10, 1886. WILLIAM WARD, ESQ., CAPTAIN COM!,IANDING THIRD PRECINCT: Sir,-By instructions received, I respectfully report to you that at about 10 :15 o'clock p. 111. on the night of May 4, 1886, the order to "fall in," was given by Inspector Bon field, which was immediately done, my company being commanded by myself and ~ergealit John Post. In taking our position in line we were the seventh company, the first four companies marching division front and the two pre ceding compaIJ.ies and myself and command n1 arching company front. My instructions were to guard the entrance from the Haymarket and Randolph and Desplaines street, and keep any crowd from coming on the advance commands from that quarter. The co1nmand being given, the commands n1arched north on Desplaines street, and when my com- 254 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. pany had reached a point a little north of the center of Randolph street, I saw a string of fire, son1ething like a fire cracker, cut a half circle through the air, which was i1nmediately followed by a deafening explosion, which caused a n10111entary confusion. Firing inunecliately com n1enced, and noticing a crowd firing fron1 an alley-way on the east side of Desplaines street, and also fron1 behind boxes and barrels into us, I ordered 1ny n1en to fire upon and disperse them, which they did. A.fter en1ptying our revolvers we again formed and cleared the east side of Desplaines street and also at the corners. After this was don~ I ordered Officers Dennis Dunne., John Brown and others to assist in caring for the ,vounded. Myself and command remained at the northeast corner of Randolph and Desplaines streets until orders were received to report to the station. Following are the nan1es o-f the n1en in my comrnand, also nature of wounds of the injured : Lieutenant J. P. Beard, Sergeant John Post, Patrol men P. Mcl\'Iahon, l\'Iichael Keeley, George Kenan, Jacob J. Barcal, Richard Ellsworth, vVillian1 I. Ni:ff, Dennis T. Turney, Peter Ounninghan1, Joseph J. Fallon, Dennis Dunne, Daniel Pembroke, l\fichael Horan, Michael Con olley, John Brown, I-Iugh l\'IcNeil, Nicholas H. Stahl, Patrick Prior, Charles E. Allen, Daniel Cra1ner, neck grazed by a bullet ; Martin Cullen, collar bone broken ; Frank Murphy, three ribs broken, ankle badly bruised ; -Timothy Daly, Pete1· J. Burns, John Hartnett_, Jr. Respectfully, J. P. BEA RD, Lieutenant of Police.

The following parties were found guilty of complicity in the shocking affair, and sentenced to die Decen1ber 3 : August Spies, :Nlichael Schwab, Samuel Fielden, Albert R. Parsons, Adolph Fischer, George Engel and Louis Lingg. Oscar N eebe received fifteen years. THE COUNTY BOARD.

GEORGE C. KLEHM. Commissioner Klehm., Chairman of the County Board~ was born at Duedelshiem., Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, July 29., 1839. His father dying before the future Com missioner was a year old, Henry, his brother., emigrated to the United States in 1846: and located in the town of Seneca, near Buffalo, N. Y. rrhe mother, now seventy nine years olq, with John and George, followed in 1851. The old lady resides with the Con1n1issioner today. When but twelve years of age George and John, who was five years his senior, made their Ii ving by chopping wood at thirty-one cents per cord. George then .farn1ed for a while, up to .1853, when he apprenticed himself to the brick-laying and plastering trade. In 1855 he came to Cook county and settled with his mother and brother John on the pre1nises of Thon1as Edwards, in the town of J effer son, where he worked at his trade, as well as in Chicago during the summer and went to school during the winter months. In 1860 he qualified as a teacher, and taught in Jefferson, Northfield and Niles, pursuing his trade in the n1eantime, in the sun1mer. It is superfluous to state that the Commissioner n1ade n1ore money by laying brick than he did by cultivating the n1inds of future statesmen. In 1864 he married Eliza Harn1s, and opened a store in the town of Niles, in which business he continued until 1880, when he retired to seek a more congenial vocation. His wife dying in 1878 left seven children, whom he trans ferred to the custody of Eliza Ruesch, whom he married 255 256 THE POLITICAL HIS').'ORY OF OHIO.A.GO.

in 1881. The Con1n1issioner's political career commenced in 1860., when he was elected rrown Clerk at Jefferson. Ren1oving to Niles he has held a public office ever since, being the 'Treasurer of the to,vnship ever since 1874. In 1876 he was elected by the Peo1)le's Party to the House of Representatives fron1 the Seventh District., but hav ing been a Republican all his lifetin1e he went back to his. old love in 1878., and has been active in the party ever since. In 1881 he was elected Comn1issioner of Cook County by the Republicans of the second district, composed of Lake View., Niles., Evanston, New Trier., Jefferson., North field and Norwood Park. · He has a con1f ortable home in the village of Niles Centre, and has hosts -of friends.

JOHN E. VAN PELT. Commissioner Van Pelt recognized by his admirers as the Napoleon of the County Board, was born in Burling ton, N. J., July 23, 1836. In Jerseyville, Ill., whither 11is family ren1oved, he attended school and engaged in the grain and lun1ber business with success. A Den1ocrat al ways, Mr. Van Pelt from the outset n1anifested a deep interest in the success of his party. In 1862 he ,vas elected Treasurer of Jersey county, and held the position four years. In 1873 he was elected Mayor of Jerseyville, on the citizens ticket. In 1874 he entered the grain and con1mission business in Chicago. He is serving his first term on the County Board., and is Chairman of the Com mittee on Public Service and on Public Charities. He has been a strenuous worker. Mr. Van Pelt secured much distinction by taking the power out of the hands of the Republican Chairn1an of the Board and securing the lion's share for the Democratic party on the several committees. In 1882 he was elected Chairman of the Cook County cen tral committee., and was .succeeded by Alderman Colvin. TH.E COW.TY BOARD. 25'7

JAMES J. M' CARTHY. James J. McCarthy, one of the most useful and pop ular n1embers of the County Board, was born in Spring field, Mass., JYiay 3, 1847. In 1853 he came with 'his par •ents to Chicago. He received his education at the public schools, and his first employment was- with Tobey & Booth, at the stock yards. In 1863 lie accepted a situa tion from Nelson l\iorris, the packer, and was given th~ n1anagement of his employer's business in Chicago. In 1869 Mr. Morris sent him to forward his interests at Buf faly, N. Y. In 1871 he returll/jd to Chicago, remained with Mr. Morris until he forined a co-partnership in the Jive stock business with M. E. Gregor. He was elected Cook County Commissioner in 1884 by a large majority.

DANIEL J. WREN. The good-natured County Commissioner was born in ;Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, in 1856, but· as he has re .sided in Chicago since ·he was nine years of age, he almost -regards the Garden City as his birth-_place. He received .his edncatjon at the old Dearborn school, where a mam moth business block now stands on liadison street near Dearborn, and his home at that time ,vas a humble little -cottage where l\1Ic Vickers Theater now stands. His first business was teaming, and many a thousand brick has his team carted for Henry T. Jones, the brick manufacturer. Subsequently he engaged in tlie livery business, and finally drifted into the-real estate and building business. Being a shrewd business man Mr. Wren's efforts were a :financial .success, and_ he soon gained a comfortable iortune. He was married to 1\{iss Katie Connelly, a Chicago girl. ;The Commissioner is regarded by the press in the County .Board as a reformer.

17 258 THE POLITICAL. HISTORY OF_ CHICAGO.

PETER FORTUNE. Peter Fortune was born in Roundtown, just out side the city of Dublin, and when very young went to Dublin where he went to ·work for a grocer. This was· in 1850. . In 1856, after considerable travel through the country, Mr. Fortune found himself the proprietor of a grocery store at the corner of Polk and Desplaines streets. In 1857 he n1oved to the corner of Harrison and Desplaines streets and there pushed a lucrative business in conjunc tion with other ven~ures. He was proprietor of a place at the. corner of Desplaines and Randolph, and also at the corner of Market and Lake. He was for a tin1e connected with John O'Neill's brewery on South Water street. vVhen his father died he went home to Ireland ; and outside of this short respite, his business life has been one of con tinued• activity~ I,n 1865 he started brewing, and from 1866 up to 1876 transacted a great ale trade. In·1876, notwithstanding the fact that the Gern1ans had monopolized the traffic, he com menced the n1anufacture of lager. Today he is doing an extraordinary business and his immense buildings at the South-west corner of Van Buren aud Desplaines streets are ample evidence of the fact.

HENRY HE:Ml\IELGARM County Commissioner Hemn1elgarm was born in Hano ver, Germany, in 1830. Here he was brought up and worked at the blacksmithing trade up to November, 1852, when he came to ·New Orleans. Here he followed his trade as well for a short time after 1853, when he came to Chicago. His first business experience in this city was with the firn1 of Seckle & Co., produce and· commission merchants, in the West Division. He subsequently acted as salesman for E. Seckle & Co., on Kinzie street for nine years. He finally established himself in the produce and THE COUNTY BO.A.RD. ·259

commission• business at201 Kinzie street, where he is push ing a most prosperous trade. An1ong the ne·w commissioners - he was elected in the fall of 1885 - not one probably takes more intere·st in the public welfare. Shortly after his election he was a constant attendant at the investigation of the State Board of Chari ties into the condition of the insane asylum at J e:fferson.

FRANK NIESEN. Oomn1issioner Frank Niesen was born in the Rhenish province of ,Vittlich, Germany, December 25, 1829, and emerging from the provincial school with honor, achieved a creditable record in the high school of his native place, in April 20·, 1854. Frank, who was the eldest of a family of eight children, left his birthplace for America, and on June 17, 1854 he n1ade Chicage his :1dopted home. After a year's experience in a South Water street vinegar factory, he entered the en1ploy of John Palmer & Co. at 146 Kin zie street, and with this firm and their successors _he was connected for ten years. With the savings of those years he established a vinegar factory of his own at 124 Goethe street, and at the same time forn1ed a co-partnership with ex-Compiissioner John Herting at 26 Chicago avenue, which thrived well up to the time of the great fire of 1871. The flames of that furious fire not only n1elted the effects of the firin, but dissolved the co-partnership as well. His heavy losses in the conflagration only strengthened Mr. Niesen to renewed effort. The smoke had hardly cleared away when he- established himself at 756 Halsted, near Willow, in company with Mr. Dieden. The firn1 dis solved _subsequently and !fr. Niesen has conducted the business to the present day. He has been very successful. Politically, Co1nn1issioner.Niesen has been very fortunate. In 18_76 when under the charter of 1872 thirty-six aldermen were elected at once, he was elected by the larger majority 260 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. to represent the fifteenth ward in the. City Council. He dre.w the short term, but was reelected in 1877. In 1879. and 1880 he was elected collector for the North Town of Chicago. In 1883 he was elected County Commissioner, and though he is a Den1ocrat he has invariably commanded many Republican and other votes. 'rhe Commissioner cele brated his silver wedding in 1881 and hopes to celebrate his golden wedding in 1906. IIis family is a long-lived one. R. S. M ' CLAUGHREY. Richard S. McClaughrey represents the town of Palos in tJie Cook County Board. He was elected independent ly. The Commissioner was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., in 1822, and aside from a chequered experience on the Pacific coast, a trip to ·which region in 1850 consumed sixty-four days, his whole life has been spent upon a farm. He is the proprietor of 600 acres in Palos. In 1862 Mr. McClaughrey enlisted in the 100th Illinois Regiment under Colonel Bartleton, and among other battles participated in the engagements at Stone River, Chicka1nauga, Mission Ridge, and Resaca. He rec•eived a hip wound at Mission Ridge. For three years the Oon1missioner was a Trustee for the town of Blue Island.

M. R. LEYDEN. Michael Richard Leyden, County Conunissioner, re ceived the highest vote polled in the very interesting cam paign in which he figured. He was born in the city of Sligo, Ireland, in 1853, and when he was three years of age his fau15ly located in Chicago. He first attended the Kinzie school in the North Division, then St. Joh n's Paro chial school, and finally the Mosley school, in the South Division. When about 16 years of age ~Ir. Leyden visit ed Texas in the interests of Hancock & Cragin, the well known packers. After a brief stay, in 1870, he returned to Chicago, and engaged his services as a salesn1an to John THE COUNTY BOARD. 261

O'Malley, who prosecuted a :flourishing meat trade ·on Kin zie street. In 1872 he went into the meat business for himself at No. 11 West Jackson, where he is now locatad. As a business man Mr. Leyden has been uniformly suc cessful. His first political race was n1ade in 1879, when circumstances conspired tu de;eat him. In 1883 he was overwhelmingly elected County Commissioner.

JOHN HANNIGAN. Commissioner Hannigan was born April 5, 1840, in the Parish of Rore, Kilkenny, Ireland. When he was eight years of age the family came to Albany, N. Y., and a short time thereafter the future Commissioner commenced active life as a bell-boy. He worked hard in three hotels, the Exchange, the Stanwick Hall, and the Delavan House, and his early experiences proved very useful to him in af ter life, when he conducted a hostlery of his own. Unim portant' as his position was, it was yet a good school for the study of human nature. It is a ,vell known fact that Mr. Hannigan's judgment of men's character is considerably above the average. In 1855 he came to Chicago, and was first employed as a bartender in a North vV ater street hotel. In 1857, in company with Lawrence Lynch, now dead, he established a place at 28 North Wells street, but shortly sold out to go to New Orleans. Sickness, however, caused his hurried return to Chicago. This was in 1859, when he engaged his services to William Cox, the proprietor of the Girard House, which stood near the Michigan Cent!al Railroad depot.., at the foot of South Water street. In 1861 he established a hotel at the corner of West Water and Cook streets, and 1865 the Commercial Hotel on Sherman street. The great fire of 1871 swallowing up these premi ses, he started the Depot House on West Water and Cook ~treets, and in 1873 the North-Western Hotel, near the Chi cago & North-Western Railroad depot. In 1881- he located at 262 THE POLITICAL 1-1181\_,Io.· OF CHICAGO.

14 North Wells street, where he is at the pi·esent time transacting a flourishing business. He was elected Coun ty Con1missioner by about the la1·gest majority given.

THO)IAS F. BAILEY. Thomas Francis Bailey,, CleYk. of the County Board, was born in Lough Gur, Lin1erick, · Ireland, in 1842. When eleven years of age he can1e to Bradford county, Pa., and worked on a f~rm. In 1856 he came to Chicago and became general foreman in Shufeldt's Distillery. He represent~d the Ninth ward, at one time, in the City Council. DAVID M'CARTHY. The Deputy Clerk of the County Board is one of the best known young men around_ the city, and is an accom plis}led public officer. The McCarthy family is one of the oldest and most honored in the city. Mr. McCarthy was born in Chicago, November 14, 1846, and is a brother-in law of Michael Keeley, the extensive brewer, and a n1an whose name is intimately identified with the n1ost prom-· inent enterprises, political, social and otherwise. Mr. Keeley was a member of the City Council, and was spoken .of several times as a· candidate for the county treasurer ship and other offices of public trust. He presided at the great demonstration in Battery '' D" when so successful an .appeal was made to Irish-:Americans to aid Charles . .Stewart Parnell in his brilliant parliamentary struggle for justice to Ireland.

.JAMES C. STRAIN. . The urbahe Committee Clerk of the County Board was born- February 12, 1848, in Dublin, Ireland. When a year old, his family came to New York city and placed him in the public schools of the metropolis. Coming to Chicago in the spring of 1868, in 1870 James C. entered the straw-goods business, and continued therein up to THE COUNTY BOARD. 263

1878. From October, 1879, to Septen1ber 1, 1883, he was en1ployed in the water office by the city, and while there had charge of .a division, and won the well-merited praise -of his superior officers and the firn1 friendship of his associ ates. He then assumed his present position.

·wrLLIAM J. nr'GARIGLE. 'J;he warden of Cook County Hospital was born in Mil waukee, Wis., ·Septen1ber 12~ 1850, and after an experience in the public schools graduated in the German and Eng lish Academy_ of his native place. His first effort in busi ness wa·s. as a confidential servant of the United States Express Company; the handling of large sums o~ money, bei~g eonstantly intrusted to him. He subsequently filled an. equally responsible position ·in the employ of the Chi cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad-. He n1arried Miss Anna Bodn1er, of ;Milwaukee: in November, 1870. Mr. McGarigle joined the Obie.ago police force in 1872, and was assigned to duty at Webster avenue station. ],rom 1:873 to 1875 he acted at headquarters in the dual capacity of Clerk of Detectives and Secretary under Elmer Washburne. . tt was a most arduous .position, for these days were v·ery stormy; the stor1niest in fact in the police history -0f Chicago. A conflict raged between Mayor Medill, vested with the one n1an power under the charte~ -0f 1872, and the Board of Police Con1missioners. \Vas11- burne w-as Chief of Police under l\iiayor Medill, and Dr. Ward the ·Secretary of the Board of Police was acting Superintendent of ·Police under tl?-e jurisdiction of that organization. - In 1875 he was pron1oted to the lieutenancy and made Chief of Detectives, ,vhen the City Council gave him \he rank of Captain, with additional pay. When act ing as Secretary, lir. McGarigle suggested to Chief of Police I-Iickey ,vho ca.n1e in under Heath's administratioJ?, the propriety._ ,of placing _boxes like the fire alarm instru- - ·-----·-···· ·------·------_1\;?l1?r,;,,,,,i·:·:···_:;,;;;~~~ljii;l]]ff \iiiii:;jjj\TTlilGt lt?Fi!)l::lii:::· ·:1;.mimn:'. ,li!/!i~fimJ:illillil:1:H'i::::,,:~i~i\i\;\\\lj:!

~,)'.J }lj;lji!i?:,

COUN'£Y JIOS:PITAli, THE COUNTY BOARD. 265 ments so that the police could be called upon by electri city-a suggestion which eventually led to the establish ment of the patrol system. The telephone at this time had not been developed. Interviews with Professor Bar-· rett of the fire alarm service, Fire Marshal Swenie, and others finally led to the establishment of the Police Patrol Service during Mr. McGarigle's first year as Superintend ent. Illustrations of this important· system are found elsewhere. In 1879 he was transferred to the old police station at the c·orner of Madison and Union streets, to take charge of the third precinct. In the fall of 1879 Mr. McGarigle was appointed Gen eral Superintendent by Mayor Harrison. .As such he created .Austin J. Doyle, who was secretary," the :first In spector of police, an office now :filled Under Chief Ebersold by John Bonfield. In 1880 he n1ade Dr. Hen rotin surgeon of the Police Department, and through his professional services made nurses out of the police force, and the patrol wagon a veritable drug store _on wheels. It may be stated right here that "Old Darby," now in the fire alarm telegraph service was the first animal that ever pulled a patrol wagon. . It is highly creditable to "Darby', as every city in the world is following Chicago with the patrol wagon. May "Darby's" shadow never grow less. In the spring of 1882 Mr. McGarigle visited the capitals of the old world, and submitted the result of his observations to the City Council, which dignified him. with an unani mous vote of thanks and commendation. He conclud~d his report as follows: " In closing this portion of my report I am compelled to say and do it with the greatest pleasure, as a tribute due a faithful body of men that in all my travels I ~ave no where seen a finer class of men as to physique and intelli gence, than those who compose the force of our own city, both in size and in their bearing; and when on duty their 266 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. appearance is far superior to. any of the police forces which I have had the pleasure to see during my absence." · · In the fall of 1882 he resigned, to accept the Democratic non1ii~-ation to the shrievalty, and carried the city, but was defeated. On September 1, 1883,_ he was appointed War den of the Cook County hospital, and as such, decreased the mortality as is well known, from 11 to 7½ per cent . • Mr. McGarigle's-career has been phenomenal for a man of thirty-six. President Cleveland came very near appoint ing him United States Marshal for the northern district of Illinois. He was one of the chief instruments in locating the, Democratic National convention in Chicago; was chairman of the National Finance committee and was chief J\ilarshal of all the Democratic_ hosts in Cook county; and . . . . was twice elected President of the Police .Association of the United States. Mr. McGarigle is one of the organizers of the Chicago Sectional .Underground Wire Company, and was its first secretary. Great improvement is apparent in the County Hospital since Mr. McGarigle's advent. The electric communica tion with each and every one of the wards of the immense institution, which is conceded by the world's travelers to be the finest hospital in the world, including the Vienna Hqspital, and the magnific~nt precautions against :fi,re are high tributes to Mr. McGarigle's inventive genius. The County Hospital was never before managed more skill fully, and several n1e1nbers of the State Board of Charity last year in an intervjew stated that they.had never seen bet ter management and discipline in an1institution of the kind. THE COUNTY BOARD. 267

JOHN F. DOHERTY. The Chief Clerk of the County Hospital was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., December 29, 1853. The family moving to Chicago when he was but two years of age, he was sent to St. Patrick's school. At thirteen he went to Giln1an, and at twenty to the state normal at Normal, Ill. He taught school for three years at Havana, Ill., and at El Paso. In 1879 he came to the hospital, and. has worked for three wardens. In the spring or 1882 he served in the office of Joseph Sokup, the West Town Assessor.

EDWARD M'DONALD. The Engineer of the. County hospital was born May 1, 1845, in Niagara Falls, N. Y. In 1861 he removed to Chicago, and in 1863 he went to New York City. He sailed the ocean for twelve years, visiting Havana, Lisal and Vera Cruz. He was four years with the engineer for the New York and Mexican mail line. In 1865-6 he sailed from New York to Boston for the Neptune line.· In 1872 he was Chief Engineer of the· steamship City of San Anto nio, which cruised between New York and Galveston. In 1874 he went to Baricoa, Cuba, in the tug Mohawk, 17 tons burden, a distance -of one thousand six hundred and fifty miles. For two years he was Engineer of the New York Herald and Bennett .buildings. · In 1877 he came to Chicago and was appointed Engineer in the House of Cor rection. He retired to assun1e his present duties. The following are County Hospital attaches : Physicians and Surgeons-Regular School Medical Board.-.Drs. A. J. Baxter, T. vV. Miller, J. B. Murphy, W. P. Lee., Ohr. Fenger, each three mo~ths' service; F. S. Smith, G. }L Hut_chinson, E. St. John, ,v. P. Verity, D. A. K. Steele, W. T. Bellfield, S. A. Mc Williams, Cotton, each six months' service; P. J. Rowan, Coey, 268 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Nolan, H. 0. Curber, N. Briggs, F. llenrotin, Geo. H. Randall, each four n1onths' service ; John Guerin, F. C. Schafer. Homeopathic }IIedical Board.-Surgeons: Drs. Chas. Adan1s, Sherra, Newman. Physicians: Drs. A. W. Burnside, J. S. Mitchell, Woodward. Gynecologists : Dr. Streator. House Staff-Regular School.-House Surgeons : M. L. Harris, W. G. Clarke. House Physicians : Elbert Wing, E. P. Davis. Senior Assistants to House Physi cians: C. B. Wood, Chas. Davison. Junior Assistanis to House Surgeon : G. D. Shaver, T. E. McDermott. Junior Assistant to House Surgeons : C. M ~ Coe, W. H. Weaver. Junior Assistants to House Physicians : Hugh Menzies, E. G. Epler. Superintendent of Training School : Miss M. E. Hemple. List of Employes permanently engaged in Hospital: Warden, Wm. McGarigle; Chief ·Engineer, E. S.' Mc Donald; Assistant Engineer, D. T. Boyle; Chief Clerk, J. T. Doherty; Assistant Day Clerks, T. A. Parker, J. J. Mahoney; Assistant Night Clerks, C. Cummings, F. B. Marooney; Messenger, C. Potter; Druggist, F. R. Mur phy; Storekeeper, G. Ashman; Assistant Storekeeper, Robt. Jamison; Housekeeper, Mary J. Fugerson ;· Bath room Clerk, H. G~hagan. Besides the above there are employed in the hospital the folowing: Carpenters, 3; painters, 4; plumbers, 1; firemen and assistants in boiler room, 8; nurses, (male) 15; drivers of ambulance, etc., 4; morgue· keepers, 2 ;· scale men, 1 ; elevator men, 4 ; laborers, 6 ; porters, 2 ; gatekeepers, 1 ; cooks and kitchen employes, 6; bakers' assistants, 3 ; laundry employes, 10 ; linen .room employes, 4; dining room employes, 6; chamber maids, 3; scrub bing maids, 18; druggists' messenger, 1; night watch- THE COUNTY BOA.RD. 269

man, 1 ; door keepers, 2 ; Mis~ Hampton_, _superinten dent of nurses. House Surgeons.-Drs. Keith, Davis, Black, Mitchell, Jr., Chandler. House Physicians : Drs. Bridge, Van Hook, Caldwell, Sn1ith, Jr., Post, Plummer, Prickerd. House Gynecologists : Drs. Benauer, Spoche, Obs, Hibbard. HARRY A. VARNELL. The popular.Warden of the Cook County Insane Asylum was born in ],rankville, Iowa, February 13, 1852, and was an only child. In 1854 his father John H. brought the family to Chicago, and engaged in the lumber and com nliss ion business. Harry carried his school books from the family residence in the old brown row on the corner of Madison and State streets to the old Dearborn school, where the Inter Ocean Building now stands. He· subse quently attended the old Jones school at the corner of Olark and Harrison and the Brown schooi, corner of Wood street and Warren avenue. His father dying when our subject was thirteen, Harry became the sole support of his mother. · He entered , the dry-goods house of Potter Palmer, on Lake street near Clark as a cash boy, and by industry and thrift was in the meat business for himself at the age of sixteen. When quite young he married 1\'liss Lillie Favor, daughter of Mr. Fred Favor, who ser~ed with credit in1 the Chicago Board of Trade Battery during the war. Mr. Varnell withdrawing from the meat trade, traveled for years for the Hall Safe & Lock Company, the Mosler Lock -Company, and the Cincinnati Lock Com pany. On September 1, 1884, he accepted his prese1it position. He is a sturdy Den1ocrat and is a power in the seventh ward. JAMES o·'BRIEN. County Agent O'Brien, was generally considered one of the very best men for the ard nous position he holds. The 270 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. requirements of the offic_e are peculiar; while a man must by nature sympathize with people in distress the quality of discernn1ent is in1peratively necessary to a proper adn1in istration. Many· in1postors call upon the County Agent. Mr.. O'Brien was .born in the county of vV exford, Ireland, July 25, 18{2. · Coining to Chicago, he first coupled cars and was soon appointed yard-mastet for the Chicago, Bur7 lington & Quincy Railroad Oo1npany. Thereafter he entered the retail liquor business, but retired from the traffic some time ago. He served three terms in ~he City Council. NICHOLAS ECKHARDT. The Assistant County .Agent was born in Germany in 1832, and at the age o·f seventeen ca111e to Chicago. He adopted the carpenter trade at once and also CGerman Americans, and is gifted with a happy disposition. He represented the fifteenth ward in the City Council, having been elected in 1872 on an indepe1!dent ticket.'

CONRAD FOLZ. Conrad Folz, the veteran jailor of Cook county, was born in. Bavaria in 1827, and.when twenty-two arrived in New York. .As early as 1851, after a look around the country, he came to Chicago in the "Wisconsin." . He took contracts for streets in Holstein, and at once accun1u lated wealth and pi·osperity. Under Mayor Dyer he was plac~d in cha,rge of the fire-alarm bell, and kept it up until 1861, when he resigned because of reduction of salaiies under Mayor Wentworth. vVhen .A. C. Hesing was ap pointed Sheriff he beca1!1e jailor. He has served fourteen years under eight Sheriffs, and is now serying under the ninth. Under the firm nan1e of Driesel & Folz, Mr. Folz THE COUNTY BOARD. 271 is engaged in the manufacture of cans for dried fruit at Nos. 413 and 415 Larrabee street.

T. J. BLl:THARDT. Theodore J. Bluthardt, whose name is a household word ambng the German people, is County Physician. The Doctor was born in N enenburg, Prussia, in 1837. At the age of twelve, en1erging from the public school, he entered the gymnasiun1 in Konitz, where he ended his studies at. the age of eighteen. He at once came to the United States; in 1858 commencing the study of n1edicine with Dr. ~lax. Meyers in Chicago. . He applied himself so· earnestly that in March, 1861, he graduated distinguish edly in the Lind University, now the Chicago National College. Ile proceeded to Boston to complete his scholas tic career, but the war of the rebellion arising, _he could not resist the impulse of taking an active part in the salva tion of his adopted country: He accordingly entered the army as assistant surgeon of the Fjrst Illinois Cavalry, and was in active service at once. At the battle of Lexington he was wounded in the abdo•men and taken prisoner with Mulligan. Released, he was sent on hospital duty to the Fifth Street Hospital in St. Louis, in charge of Surgeon John T. Hodgem, the eminent practitioner yet located there. On April 1, 1862, by order of General Halleck, he was promoted ,to the surgeonship of the Twenty-Third Missouri Infantry Volunteers for his services at Lexington. As such he served at Shiloh, and generally accompanied the Ar1ny of the Cumberland until forced to resign during the Atlanta campaign by reason of his wound, which dis qualified him from riding horseback. He was then under a special recomn1endation of General Rosecrans, appointed by Governor Yates, Surgeon of the 144th Illinois Infantry, serving from 1864 to 1865, also as pqst surgeon at Alton, Illinois. In 1865 he resumed the practice of medicine in THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICA.GO.

Chicago. In December, 1866, he was appointed County Physician. In 1869 he was elected to the County Board, ,of which he was n1ade Chairman in a short time. During his term he was a n1en1ber of the Board of Education. In 1870 he was elected Town Supervisor of the West Town of ·Chicago. In 1872 J\iayor Medill appointed him a mem ber of the City Board of Education, which position he held up to 1876. In December, 1879, he was elected to his present office. Dr. Bluthardt has been n1any tin1es President of the Germania Mrennerchor, and he was Vice Pre_sident of the Board of Directors of the North American Sangerbund at their twenty-second festival. FEDERAL OFFICERS.

RANSOM W. DUNHAM. The Qongressman fron1 the first congressional district is Ransom w~ Dunhan1. The gentleman was born in Savoy, Mass., March 21, 1838. He received most of his education in the common schools and closed his studies at the High School at Springfield, Mass. He entered the office of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Com pany in 1855, and ren1ained there until April 1, 1857, when he ren1oved to Chicago and engaged in the grain and provision business. He was President of the Board of Trade of Chicago in 1882, was elected to the Forty-eighth Congress as a Republican, receiving 11,571 votes against 10,534 for John W. Doane, Democrat, and 644 votes for .A. J. Grover, Greenbacker, and was reelected.

FRANK LA "\,VLER. The Congressman from the second district, and the suc cessor of the brilliant Finerty was born in Rochester, N. Y., June 25, 184~. At the age of fourteen he was _car rying newspapers for John R. Walsh, President of the Western News Company; became a newsboy on the rail road and then drifted into the ship-caulking business. He was soon President of the Protective Association of his trade and was reelected; when the eight hour question arose he became general agent of the Wo1rk1~ngman's Advo cate,and was at once recognized as the champion of the work ing classes. Not long afterward he was appointed a letter carrier by General McArthur, was transferred to the regis try department, and resigned when he became .Alderman 18 ~. · 273 274 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. of the eighth ward. He was elected to represent this ward five consecutive times. In the council Mr. Lawler has always been the friend of the toilers. He presented the ordinance closing the bridges from six to seven in the morning and half past five to half past six in the evening, for the benefit of the laboring class; offered the ordinance forbidding the employment of children in factories un der twelve years of age; insisted upon the tax-fighters coming to the front, and was most energetic in his oppo sition to convict labor. Among other recognitions he re ceiv:ed the following : INTERNATIONAL TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION, l DETROIT, Mich., June 7, 1878. f The following resolution was adopted by the International Typo graphical Union in convention assembled (delegates being present from all the cities in the United States, the territories, and Canada) in the city of Detroit, Mich., on the day and date above 111entioned: Resolved, That the thanks of the International Typographical Union are hereby tendered to Alderman Frank Lawler, of the Com mon Council of the city of Chicago, for his successful and energetic opposition to the employment of convict labor on the new City Hall of that city. DARWIN R. STREETER, Pres., JoHN H. 0'DONNELL, Sec.-Treas. Congressman Lawler was nominated Sept. 6, 1884, at W estphail's Hall; by the Democratic convention. ~e was elected by a n1ajority of 2,410 in one of the largest Dem: ocractic districts in the country.

J AlIES H. 1V ARD. The Congressman fron1 the third district, and suc cessor to Col. George R. Davis, was born in Chicago, on the southwest corner of Madison and Halsted streets, and is about thirty-three years of age. He attended St. Patrick's School, and graduated at Notre Dame Univer sity, Indiana. Emerging fron1 the institution with high honors, he adopted the profession of law, and when he was FEDERAL OFFICERS. 275 elected to congress by the :flattering vote of the third dis trict he was transacting a lucrative practice in the lvietro politan -Block. He was offered the Presidency of the Young Den1ocracy, but declined.

GEORGE E. ADAMS. George Everett Adams, Congressman of the fourth congressional district, was born June 18, 1840, at Keene, N. H. He graduated at Harvard when twenty years of age, and immediately commenced the study of law at Dane Law School, at Cambridge, Mass., was subsequently ad mitted to the bar, and has since practiced his profession. In N oven1 ber, 1880, he was elected State Senator of Illinois fron1 the sixth district, but resigned March 3, 1883, having been elected to the Forty-eighth Congress as a Republican. He was reelected.

LAMBERT TREE. Our Minister to Belgium, Judge Lambert Tree, was born in Washington City, District of Columbia, November 29, 1832. Here he was educa-ted, graduating at Columbia College. · Soon after this event he studied law in the office of J an1es M. Carlisle, leader at that tin1e of the Washing ton bar. He spent two years thereafter in the law school of the University of Virginia. In the fall of 1855 he was admitted to the bar, and in1mediately can1e to Chicago. This city has been his home ever since. Six months after his arrival our subject formed a co partnership with Joseph P. Clarkson, which continued for a number of years. He practiced law continually until 1871, when he visited Europe. He was President of the Law In stitute at the time. In 1871 he was elected Judge of the Cir cuit Court, to fill the unexpired terrµ of Hon. "\Villiam K. McAllister, who was elevated to the su pren1e bench of Illinois. On the expiration of this tern1 he was reelected without op position-a magnificent tribute to his judicial character. In 276 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO

1875, his health failing, Judge Tree resigned and spent four years in foreign travel., visiting every spot in Europe. In 1878, while absent., he was nominated for Congress for the fourth district by the Democrats, and declined. His ) party, however, insisted on retailting his name upon the ticket, cast an in1mense vote for hin1, but he was defeated. He hardly counted on victory, as the district is one of the largest republican strongholds in the state. His opponent was Hiram Barber. In 1882 he was again unauin1ously non1inated for the same district, but was defeated by George E. Adams, the present incumbent. In 1884 he was, a delegate-at-large to the Den1ocratic National Con vention, held at Chicago. President Cleveland appointed Judge Tree Minister to Belgiun1, July 9_, 1885 . .At the session of the General Assen1bly of Illinois, of 1884-85, after the withdrawal of Col. Morrison, Judge Tree was unanimously nominated by the Den1ocrats in the Legislature as their candidate for the United States Senate against Gen. John A. Logan, the Repn blican candidate, and on joint ballot lacked but one vote of election. Judge Lan1bert Tree donated to the city $700, from the proceeds of which a medal is to be struck and awarded annually for the bravest deed of a fireman or police officer. This donation was duplicated by ~fayor Harrison on Octo ber 6, so that a 1nedal n1ay go to one n1en1ber of each· of the the two departnients annnally.

JAl\IES T. HEALY. The selection by President Cleveland of James 'r. Healy for the very responsible position of Sub-Treasurer was a genuine surprise to the recipient. There were many aspirants for the office, but everybody conceded that 11:r. Healy was not one of them. Mr. Healy was born in Chicago, February 16, 1846, and represents a fan1ily known to the early settlers of the FEDERAL OFFICERS. northwest as one of the best in the category of worth. Educated in Chicago, Mr. Healy became a business man in a very brief period. He first kept books for Nash & Co., commission merchants. His experience here in g;eneral business transactions induced him to form a co-partnership with a Mr. Stevens in the lumber traffic. Subsequently he engaged in the pork-packing business under the firm name of Moran & Healy. He was busy attending to the business of this firm when unexpectedly notified that he was appointed Sub-Treasurer. While manifesting a commendable interest in politics, Mr. Healy has never sought office. Sheriff Ho:ffn1an se lected him as Chief Deputy on business principles. He served four years as a men1ber of the Board of Education.

F. H. MARSH. The United States Marshal for the northern district of Illinois, Frank H. Marsh, was born in Dover, England, September 7, 1843, and when a youth came to this coun try. At the age of eighteen, having. received his educa tion at ·Rock River Se1ninary, at Mount ~1orris, Ogle County, Illinois, our subject entered the union army as a private. He enlisted in the Fifteenth Illinois, afterward the Fortv-Sixth.., His first battle was at fort Donnelson, and for n1eritorious conduct at Pittsburg Landing and other famous battles, he was . promoted to a captaincy. He served throughout the war, participating in every battle fought by this regiment. Resun1ing-civil life, he engaged in the book and news trade up to 1869, when he became general agent for the American Express Company, at Oregon, Illinois. He was shortly elected Representative of his district in the Twen ty-eighth and Twenty-ninth General Assen1bly, and in 1883 was elected Sheriff of the county. His majority was 900 on the Democratic ticket, where the Republicans 278 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

elected his predecessor by 2,100 n1ajority. The Marshal has always been a fJe111oci·at, casting his first vote for Seymour, and lus pron1inence in the party has ever been strongly recognized. In J nne, 1885, he was appointed by President Cleveland United States ·1v1arshal, and his papers on file in Washington bear the indorsen1ent of Republi cans as well as Democrats. ~Ir. J.\,farsh's superiority as Sheriff of Ogle county justi fies the prediction that he will n1ake an almost unrivaled United States Marshal for the northern district of Illinois.

RENSSELAER STONE. The collector of internal· revenue was born August 14, 1830, in Oneida county, N. Y. IIe received his education at academies in Vernon and Lowville, Lewis county, N. Y. In the East he was known as a flourishing comn1ission merchant. In 1859 he came to Chicago where in the firm of Bates, Stone & Co. his business enterprise material ly contributed to one of the largest mercantile structures in the Northwest. He is one of the most prominent members of the Board of Trade with which he has been associated for twenty-six years last past, and has always been active 4 in Den1ocratic politics. His appointn1ent by President Cleveland is dated September 10, 1885.

A. F. SEEBERGER. The dignified Collector of the port of Chicago has been all his life a business n1an in every sense of the word, and was selected by President Cleveland as a representative of the Gern1an elen1ent which assisted in his election. Jle was born in 1829 in ,v etzlar, on the river Lahn, in Germany. Coming to America when very young he rapid ly became identified with our commercial institutions and the fact that he is the senior member of the hard ware establishment of Seeberger, Breakey & Co., sufficiently at tests his great business success. FEDERAL OFFICERS. 279

P;IIILIP A. HOYNE. The United States Commissioner was born in New York, November 20, 1825, a.nd is the son of an Irish patroit. Exiled from his country at the age of thirteen he entered a book binding and printing establishment, but abandoned the business in 1841, when he entered the law office of his brother Thon1as Hoyne. · Frorn 1842 to 1844 he kept books in Galena and dabbled in mining. In 1844 he can1e to Chicago as an agent for the St. Louis Fur Com pany, and in 1851 permanently located here. In 1853 he was elected the first clerk of the Recorder's Court for five years. In 1855 he was adn1itted to the bar, and in 1868 to the Supreme Court of the United States. On January 9, 1855, he was made United States Oon1n1issioner for the district of Illinois and is the oldest in the service in the Northwest. He is Con1n1issioner of Deeds of every state and ter ritory, the provinces of Canada and British America, the District of Columbia, and represents the United States Court of Olaiins, the Court of Commissioners of Alaban1a, and Fi·ench and American claims. He is a prominent member of n1any societies.

ELIJAH B. SHERMAN. This gentleman was appointed as Master in Chancery in the United States courts in 1879. 1-Ie is of Anglo Welsh descent and was born in Fairfield, Vt., June 13, 1832. In 1854 he entered a drug store in Brandon, Vt. In 1860 he .graduated fron1 Middleborough College. He was the poet for the junior exhibition and also at· the graduation exercises. In 1862 he enlisted in the Ninth Vern1ont Infantry and becan1e a Lieutenant. In 1864 he graduated in law. In 1876 he was elected in the :fourth sen atorial district and again in 1878. Among other positions of dignity and trust filled by J\!Ir. Sherman may be men- 280 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. tioned, the Grand Mastership of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows; n1emberships in the Chicago Philosophical Society; Chicago Bar Association; Chicago Law Institute, and State Bar Association. The Grant memorial address pronounced by Elijah B. Sherman ranks among the best extant.

MARIAN A. MULLIGAN . . This lady is pension agent at Chicago, her application for the very responsible position having been indorsed by the leading n1en of the city and the state, regardless of politics. Mrs. Mulligan is the eldest daughter of Michael and Alice Grant Nugent, and was born in Liverpool, England, September 14, 1841. She might be said to be a Chicagoan, as she was a mere child when her parents set tled here. She was educated at St. Xavier's Academy, and when :fifteen, after her father's death, she became a boarder at Miss Sarah J. Hale's school for young ladies at Philadel phia. On October 20, 1859, she was n1arried to James A. Mulligan, a young lawyer of great promise, who on the outbreak of the war of the rebellion abandoned his law books to unsheathe his sword in defense of the Union. He organized the rrwenty-third Illinois Volunteers, subse quently known as the Irish ·Brigade, whose exploits on the field .can never be forgotten so long as American history remains. Mrs. Mulligan accompanied her husband in his cam paigns, and after his surrender at Lexington, in 1861, shared his c~ptivity. · He was held prisoner by General Steding Price. In July, 1864, Col. Mulligan was fatally wounded at the battle of Kernstown, near Winchester, Va., and Mrs. Mulligan's eldest brother, Lieutenant Jan1es H. Nugent, A. D. O.;while assisting his commander fron1 the field was instantly killed. The Lieutenant was but nineteen years and six months old, and his body was never FEDERAL OFFICERS. 281

recovered. Colonel Mulligan received three fatal wounds,. and was carried to a farn1 house and died on July 26. His wife, hearing that he was wounded, started from Cumber land, Maryland, and after a most distressing journey of over one hundred miles, reached Winchester, only to find her husband and brother dead, and to realize the fact that she was a widow at the age of twenty-three, with two little children. On the following January a third daughter was born . . Mrs. Mulligan brought the remains of her husband to Chicago, where with signal military honors they were con signed to Calvary. On Decoration Day, in 1875, the grave of the gallant Colonel was marked by a beauti ful monument erected by the State of Illinois and the citi zens of Chicago. Our pension agent was a heroine before, during and after the battle, displaying the rarest fortitude in affliction. She maintained and educated her children by literary work and music teaching. Her eldest daughter is the wife of Mr. John 0 .. Carroll, one of our leading citizens. Mrs. Mulligan's ability, culture and great sacrifices for the pres ervation of the Union, eminently justified her appointinent.

J. J. CRO"WLEY. The Chief of the Specb,l Agents of the United States Treasury at Chicago is Jeremiah J. Crowley. He was born in Boston, lVIass., and graduated from Georgetown College, J). 0. In 1866 he came to Chicago, and served as Corresponding Clerk for the .Western News Con1pany up to 1869, when he was appointed Assistant Cashier in the City Collector's office. In 1875 he was elected Chief Clerk in the Illinois I-louse of Representatives, and in 1877 was n1ade First .Assistant Secretary of the State Senate. Returning to Chicago he accepted the position of Chief Clerk in the \Vest Town Assessor's office, and having n1ade an excep- 282 THE POLIT_ICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. tionally fine record there, was selected for his present re .sponsible position. S. CORNING JUDD. The Postmaster of Chicago was born in Otisco, Onan dago county, N. Y., July 21, 1827.· At the age of nine he was sent to the Aurora Academy, in Erie county. He here met Hon. Henry Fillmore, afterward President of the United States. He subsequently taught school in Canada. In 1845 he studi~d law with Griswold & Corning in Syra cuse, N. Y. Richard S. Corning was the brother of the late Hon. Erastus Corning, of Albany, N. Y. In 1848 he was admitted to the bar, becoming a partner of H. S. Winston at Syracuse, and writing for the press at the same time. In 1849 he was City Clerk of Syracuse, and edited the daily Star, which was Independent in politics. In 1850 he accepted a position in the Department of the Interior, but soon returned and purchased the daily Star from Mr. Con1stock. In 1853 he solrl the paper to the Democrats, and it became the Republican and Coitr-ier. In 1854 he went to Lewiston, Fulton county, Illinois, and was a law partner of W. C. Goudy. 1873 he came to Chicago, and was a partner with Willian1 Fitzhugh, son of Bishop Whitehouse. In 1883 Mr. Judd was President of the Chicago Bar Association. It n1ight be said that Mr. J ndd's political activity out side of the press was manifested principally in 1860, when he was the Den1ocratic candidate for Presidential Elector on the Douglas ticket, and in 1864, when he was the De1nocratic .non1inee· for Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. Outside of what speeches he has made in Presidential cam. paigris since 1864, his entire tin1e has been given to the practice of his profession . COLLINS S. SQUIERS. The very able and courteous Assistant Postmaster, Col lins S. Squiers, was born May 30, 1832, in Madison FEDERAL OFFICERS.

County, N. Y. In 1857 he came to Chicago and entered the Board of Public Works. His first experience in the Chicago postoffice was as a letter distributor, and after wards he was n1acle Superintendent of that depart111ent. In 1865 he was n1ade Cashier of the office, then Chief Clerk, and finally .,A.ssistant Postmaster. HElfRY F. DONOVAN .. The Superintendent of letter-carriers in the Chicago postoffi.ce, whose appointment gave singularly unanimous satisfaction, is but twenty-eight years of age and has lived in Chicago all his life. His ringing speeches in one of the 1nost exciting presidential can1paigns in the. annals of An1erica, alone certainly entitled him to great consideration fron1 the Democratic adn1inistration. "I-Iarry," as ~1:r. Donovan is best known, was educated in the public schools. For ten years he was employed on the Chicago Press. On his retirement ,vith the honors of a first-class reporter from the active field of journalisn1, he was appointed Deputy County Clerk in. charge of the marriage license department by ~I. W. Ryan, County Clerk. He was elected President of the County Board of Education, Oct. 8, 1883, and was reelected President in 1884 and 1886. He was one of the founders of the Chicago Press Club and one of the originators of the old Irish A1nerican Second Regin1ent, in which he served as Ser geant-Major. He is at pr~sent Secretary of the Board of Civil Service Exan1iners, in addition to his duties as Super intendent of Carriers. He was a candidate for Clerk of the Superior Court on the Democratic ticket in 1884, run ning ahead of his ticket, but ,vas defeated, the county being strongly Republican. Mr. Donovan is a n1ember of the Iroquois, Algonquin and Cook County Democratic Clubs; is President of the Post Office l\Iutual Aid Society, and be longs to a large nun1ber of social and benevolent organiza tions. He is n1arried to a daughter of Christian Oassle man, Esq., and has three children. 284 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

CLERKS OF POSTOFFICE. C. lVI. Alexander, C. J, Agger, J. L. Aymong, A. G. And_erson, August Arnold, M. Aszling, W. H. Andrus, vV. T. Alden, A. G. Ayer, James Anderson, H. Ackho:ff, S. Adler, C. S. Bates, ,villiam Butler, John D. Blackwell_, D. M. Ball, C. Boorman, A. N. Boe, Joseph Barr, T. M. Beatty, E. D. Barber, J. P. Burbeck, C. P. Burr, C. Bie den,veg, C. E. Beach, E. rr. Berryhill, P. H. Bready, W. J. Bigley, I-I. Burnside, ,v. E. Burcky, F. L. Barnett, D. F. Barber, 0. L. Buchan, Joseph Boyd, H. C. Barbour, R. a., Baer, L. B. Bergersen, S. S. Bendit, F. If. Brown, F. Beattie, L. Baer, l\fary rr. Briggs, J. __ W. Brown, A. M. Blanchard, J. M. Burke, Thomas Berry, N. B. Brant, F. H. Brooks. F. Brenken, C. Burkhardt, A. G. Begy, C. F. Bock, C. Brugmann, J. J. Brown, J. J. Burke, E. M.' Castle, J. W. Cooper, lVI. B. Collins, W. E. Crumbackeer, P. M. Clowry, J.C. Cluett, Mrs. L. M. F. Cook, G. H. Churchill, C. 0. Curtis, Miss H. A. Cary, J. H. Casey, ,v. A. Calhoun, R. Cuniff, J_\;Iary V. Caumragere, D. A. Cook, A. G. Clark, H. Cordes, Miss M. A. Cameron, J. S. Creech, J. H. Clancy, "\V. R. Crow, F: F. Clark, Mrs. E. B. Coghlan, J. V. Cowling, J. P. Costello, 1fiss O. D. Clement, R. Conway, B. 1\1. Cohei~, P. H. Caraher, J. H. Canavan, G. "\V. Colby, ""\V. P. Cook, R. Colladine; 1\1:. Orimn1ins, F. T. Cairns, l\Iiss lvI. :NI. Crocker, D. Colford, vV. l\f. Cuthberton., P. J. Casey, F. J. Costello, lVI. J. Clark, E. V. Dales, E. lVI. Dickson, J. Donahue, lVIiss E. N. Deck~r, J. Davy, S. D. Dent, F. M. Dittus, S. Degman, Mrs. C. If. Deale, C. L. Davis, vV. L. De Remet, J. G. Drought, J. · Duguid, A. E. Dickinson, T. Downey:, 0. M. Downs, I-I. F. Donovan, Miss B. L. Dunbar, T. F. Dunning, W. H. Daly, P. Dunne, 0. Dockery, P. Dudley, A. Donairo, N. R. Douglass, J. ,T. Do Vino, F. C. Demorest, J. Eict, M. En1erich, F. En- FEDERAL OFFICERS. 285 gelhardt, A. \\i. Ehrhardt, J. A. Eliasson, P. L. Eber sold, G. F. Ebinger, M. Evans, E. B. Esher, Miss F. E. Elder, J. ].,rank, P. R. Forest, H. S. Fowler, F. F. Fisher, F. II. Fox, T. A. Fontaine, T. F. Fay, J. V. Fox, W. Fyfo_, "\V. J.Finn, Miss F. 0. Ford, D. E. Ford, R. l\!I. Fitzgerald, Miss M. I. Flanagan, J. H. Finnegan, R. 0. Forrest, B. Foley, J. J. Flannagan, vV. J. Fur long, C. A.· Gibson, l\!Iiss E. F. Griswold, l\!Iiss ~1. L. Gilln1ore, J. I-I .. Granger, J. Galbraith, T. A. Gund, L. Good1nan, P. F. Geogohan, A. J. Gowanlock, W. George, W. H. Garrity, M. Goldschmidt, G. W. Giehuly, A. F. Gorgan, Bartley Grady, J. Goldsmith, F. W. Green, H. W. Gillespie, G. D. Gerdner, J. B. Howard, E. Ruther, R. Henderson, Charles Hale, D. C. I-Iaight, Hog Aboam, R. T. Howard, A. J. Heath, P. I-I. I-Ienry, C. C. Hatcher, J. 0. Haltenkoff, B. Hecht, E. 0. Hooker, J. H. Hughes, A. T. Hall, A. C. Hawley, B. 0. I-Ieavey, E. J. Hughes, G. B. Hennessy, vV, 0. Hart, S. A. Hanlon, Jr., P. J. Hermann, 0. C. Hay, J. T. Hoyne, P. Hackett, F. E. Horn, Miss N. M. Hayes, C. D. Harrison, Miss H. M.· Homer, James Hogan, J. J. Hennessy, Miss Lottie V. Hicks, E. T. Higgins, J. J. Hardin, B. Huhn, ,v. Han ton, 0 . F. Haull., 0. J. Henry, J. J. Hooley, vV. J. Juleson, R. M. Johnston, J. H. Jones, L. Jirks, J. G. Kerr, T. E. Kennedy, G. F. Keick, M. Kearins, J. E. Kimberly, T. A. Kenny, T. P. Kerugan, J. H. Keenan, A. Knefel, J. Krewer, I-I. T. Knop, C . Keil, W. E. King, ,v. "\V. Kennedy, E. L. Kellogg, E. Kehoe, J. Killean, lvliss J. L. Kelly, l\!I. Knost, J. Kene, S. H. King, A. F. Klank, C. B. Langley, S. O._ LabeJl, R. Law, J. C. Lanib, T. J. Lawler, H. Le Brown, W. H. Leirness, J. Lyons, "\V. Luckow H. Loveken, F. D. Lipe, J. H. Lenz, F. A. Lenhard, G. W. LoYering, P. S. Lynch, E. Lee, T. H. Litzenberg, D. B. Lynch, W. J. Lyman, H. Lieb, T. F. liaegher, H. E. Meacham, J. M. Mahler, E. lvlunster, J. 286 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

W. McGee, J. N. ~IcArthur, S. Marble, T. R. Melody, vV. H. Moore, A. C. l\tlorse, W. W. Man, E. A. lVIack, D. Martin, J. Matter, G. W. Miles, E. B. Morey., J. McDavid, J. T. licGrath, H. C. Mat.lack, A. 0. Martin, M. W. Mills, B. F. licCarty, J. J. McOue, G. E. Mc Grew, P. McNamara, F. J . Miller, rr . Mackey, T . J . McEssey, W. A. McFarlane, A. A. Morrow, J. lVIullin, J. T. Monahan, J. T. Mc~iahon, J. S. Mulliner, F. ,v. Mayer, W. D. MoBean, P. Moran, lVIiss A. Murray, D. T. McGraw, M. T. McAuliff, P. J. ~Iulvaney, J. Marr, J. J. Masterson, E. J. Murray, J. lVIcOormick, J. T. MclVIackin, J. Merwick_. ,v. F. lVIurphy, S. W. llarshall, J. McKeever, W. Mahon, J. S. Mclnerney, D. P. Mor gan, P. McDentt, 0. H. Manning, J. D. l\Iurphy, J. ~f. l\{ahon, A. II. Murdorff, P. Noonan, E. B. N ordham, G. R. Nixon, P. Newton, J. E. Nelson, C. Nowlan, ,v. G. Noxon, R. J. :Niemeyer, vV. E. Nelson, W. K . Os good, J. H. O'Brien, N. T. Ohlander, G. F. O'Leary, Mrs. A. S. Ondorff, F. G. Orcutt, I. "\V. Ott, D. J. O'Con- •nors, J. O'Kelley, L. C. Overlock, J. J. O'Brien, D. O'Con nell, P. J. O'Brien, E. O'Connor, J. O'Brien, P. O'Farrell, W. E. Patton, N. Petrie, Mrs. J. "\V. Parsons, J. E. Pear son, L. W. Post, W. R. Pugh, vV. H. C. Pierce, N. Pat terson, G. H. Pond, J. 0. Polly, Jr., R. N. Pearson, R. Panneberg, J. W. Prendergast, Mrs. M. J. Porter, J·. B. Petrie, L.A. Pimdwille, A. J. Pichham, F. A. Panebla, E. Parro, S. S. C. Partello, S. J. Peterson, C. T. Pit kin, F. E. Percy, lliss A. D. Plaister, J. Prendergast, J. F. Propper, D. W. Quirk, T. J. Quinn, M. Quinlan, A. S. Reynolds, E. Reilly, Mrs. K. Runger, E. P. Ryan, J. J. Reordan, lVI. N. ~ichards, L. D. Ripley, J. I-I. Rees, E. J. Rook, S. Rutter, P. K. Ryan, W. N. Reynolds, H. 0. Reiley, T. J. Reedy, 0. A. Ruthenberg, Jr., J. Ryan, T. M. Riordan, J. II. Rea, N. C. Reidy, R. E. Raleigh, F. Ryan, E. Rose, Miss L. H. Rea, A. D. Rueg- FEDERAL OFFICERS. 281 ger, J. Regan, A. Reardon, C. S. Squires, A. H. Swan,. G. L. Schueler, E . J. Sanders, E. A. Stridiron, E . F. Stoetzel, F. Sherman, W. Sproehnle, M. Slosser, J. P. Stewart, Miss F. Smith, C. A. Story, J. L. Schonton, T. F. Scully, 0. C. San1er, J. T. Scanlan, L. A. Stave,. F. Schoenwald, R. Sheehy, G. H. Seery, R. C. Samuel, A. T. Sherman, S. P. Stiles, W. H. Sabin, H. A. Saw yer, 0. Stimming, T. B. Sconton, L. Stross, E. Scherf fins, J. J. Smith, H. Seyf orth, }Iiss ~I. A. Sears, P. J. Sweeney, W. S. Snorf, W. H. Shenton, ,J. B. Schloss n1an, J. J. Schlesinger, J. L. Sullivan, W. M. Sullivan,. H. C. Scherenen1ann, Mrs. 0. E. Sutherland, W. R. Stiles, T. E. Scullen, H. C. Swale, W. J. S1nith, J. A .. Sand, J.B. Sheil, F. J. Sweeney, J. Shannon, R. E .. Skelly, H. \V. Slenger, 0. Schaefen, Jr., Miss I. Schiff.,. R. L. Thompson, J. A. Thon1son, E. L. Taylor, 0. Tischer, 0. rrhelen, '\V. M. rrureman, T. J. Thompson,. Miss M. Tipton, P. Terlin, Miss M. A. Taylor, H. G. rrrotter, J. E . Vreeland, L . Voss, C . G . "\Varn ecke, J. "\V eisbucher, -W. J. Watt, A. Wier, T. Wixted, '\V. R. V{ oolley, J·. W. Williams, J. W. Wallace, H. H. Welch,, J. K. vVatson, A. G. Wainwright, E. H. Wheaton, A .. "\Vilson, J. T. Wray, W. A. Weck, G. F. '\Viedinger, J. B. Wilson, J. G. Wiedeman, W. A. Webber, S. E. Web ber, H. '\Velch, Jr., G. W. Weber, W. Walsh, A. vVands,. R. A. D. Wilbanks, ,v. B. Wood, W. H. Warder, W. E. Young, A. S. Young. The following are the nan1es of letter carriers: R. H. An drews, J an1es Anderson, Rudolph Albrecht_. J. P. J. Atkin, G. Appelt, Louis A. Berg, S. Bnttsback, Daniel Bahler, Paul Breither, E. H. Brackett, F. A. Blatherwick, John S. Beston, Charles Bock, Michael Breen, W. P. Black, M. Frank Butler, Thomas J. Brown, George R. Bent, John Badershaw, William Burk, John Bell, Henry C. Barlow, George J. Bader, Henry D .. Buechel,. Henry P. Barnum, 288 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

John Britz, James Brown, Jan1es Burke, George W. Bor man, Stephen D. Beach, Patdck J. Barrett., William Beek mann, Thon1as Buckley, Charles Boland, John Bowler, .John Carey, L. Collins, Lawrence Coogan, Nelson J. Orona, F. G. Crowell, James Caulfield., P. L. Collins, John K. Clowry, Robert 0. Crawford, Stephen Carmody, George vV. Cook, vV. A. Colson, T. T. Chan1berlain, D. D. Cad wallader, Michael Connors, John H. Coughlin, Alexander B. Crawford, J .. M. Crawford, Charles Colstad, John J. Carmichael, C. C. Cristopherson, Charles R. Cowan, Daniel Coughlan, James Campion, William Croak, Ed,vard J. Curran, William F. Culloton, William F. Campbell, Charles A. Closson, Terance Cairns, Edward Delaney, D. W. Dempsey, Hern1an Dahl, Michael Daly, Frederick Dippe, John 1.V. Davis, J. J. Donahue, John Dob)er, Adolph Dryfus, Charles E. Doyle, H. A. Duncan, H. A. Dahl, H. M. Danforth, Charles F. Dorland, Brian Daley, Fenton J. Delaney, Edward Deveraeux, Olaf M. Dahl, A. F. Eschert, George M. Edmondson, Jacob T. Escher, Mark S. Eldridge, Fred G. Edwards, S. W. H. Eldridge, Jan1es I. Ewers, Joseph B. Field, Charles H Foley, Thon1as J. Foley, J. P. Fyfe, J an1es Fitzgerald, Oliver P. Ford, John Fitzgerald, vV. G. Fischer, A. C. Fisher, George H. Foster, John Fitzgerald, Daniel Foley, Henry 0. Freer, James Foley, C. 0. Froehde, William J. Farrell, Bernard .J. Ford, Patrick J. Flannery, John P. Fries, E. F. Gibbs, H. F. Goetz, R. K. Gowanlock, Albert E. Garnett, Conrad ·Graw, Charles Gau, David J. Geary, Thomas Galbraith, Bright Gruda, John Grass, "\V. F. Gressang, Otto Gentzcke, August J. Golonski, James Griffin, F. F. Gilbert, W. J. Gibbons, John J. Gavigan, John J. Grady, Frank F. Guth rie, John B. Gay, Thon1as M. Heaney, vV. B. Howe, John B. Hubbard, Fred Hartwick, Henry Hildebr,~cht, J. R. Howe, J. C. Hazen, A. C. Hall, Morgan M. Healy, A. S. Hayward, vV. A. Hammond, J. M. Hopper, William H. FEDERAL OFFICERS. 289

Hogan, Sidney Houghton, R. P. Hogan, M. C. Hayes, John J. Hanrahan, Dennis liogan, Peter J. Hanton, "\Villiam Hannan, \Yillia1n IL Horstn1an, John A. I-Iendernson, John TI. IIealey, Ja1nes O'Hoey, Robert A. Hart, Thomas Hennegan, Garrett Irwin, John 1:L Ingrahan1, John Jacob son, A. D. Jones, Ole A. Jentoft, Ed Jennnings, Alnrid D. Jones, J an1es D. Jones, Richard J. Kehoe, Conrad Klein, Theodore Kran1er, Fred Kleeman, B. F. Kay, Thomas Kennedy, John C. Keulzow, R. J. Kroff, Louis N. Kurt, Stephen I(olstad, Rudolph Krouse, Peter B. Klein, l\:fathew Kehrig, I-Iarris S. Kessel, E. J. Kolberg, William Krelle, Patrick Keogh, Lawrence Kane, Charles W. Kuhn, Gustav Kuehn, Rollin E. King, H. Koschn1eider, John P. Kindelin, T. l\L Lynch, Michael H. Lyons, Charles F. Lindau, August Livern1an, Thon1as Larson, John A. Langan, J. II. Loser, E. F. Laphan1, P. C. Larson, Patrick Leahy, Simon Lenow, A. Lees berg, James Lynch, Lyman Leist, S. A. Lee, Richard J. Laynam, John F. Lavin, David M. Lacy, John A. Mc Donald, Stephen McGrath, John F. McGrew, John B. Mears, George O. Miller, J an1es H. Moore., James "\V. Morrison, P. J. lVIurphy, Archie 1\1:cLeod, Leonard Miller, John McCaffrey, Charles R. McClure, Norn1an A. Maeder, J. E. Morris, Thomas J. Maroney, John A. Meeker, Albert 0. lVIehlhorn, Charles H. 1\1:ertens, Henry C. Moran, Geo. J. lVIyer, Jan1es Melia, F. J. lVIerritt, L. G. lVIerrill, John B. 1\1:atlock, James E. l\tlanning, John B. Manning, Jan1es H. McGee, Hugh Murray, ~rhomas F. lVIortimer, John J ." Martin, Willian1 1\1:adden, ~Iichael Manion, John J. }lcGuire, Thomas McCarthy, John A. Maloney, Francis J. McDonnell, Frank J. Nelligan, S. Nelson, R. H. Nelson, Hern1an A. Naper, H. Nurnberger, A. H. Noble, Jan1es E. Nolan, M. J. Nolan, ,Villiam 0. Northrop, Mi chael O'Brien, Peter J. O'Connor, Thomas O'Neill, A. 0. Ormsby, Charles A. Olander, Michael O'Connor, Samuel 19 290 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

H. Osborne, W. F. O'Brien, Richard N. O'Brien, James H. O'Brien, Thomas O'Brien, Peter O'Brien, James P. Padden, J. V. A. Proudfoot, Conrad A. Peterson, Conis C. Populorum, F. S. Parker, vVilliam G. Peters, Andrew Quaid, Thon1as J. Quinn, "\Villiam Quinlan, "\Villiam Quin lisk, J. J. Redn1ond, vVatson Rich, A. ,v. Roche, Thomas Roney, J. M. Roy, S. W. Rush, W. J. Ryan, N. P. Ras mussen, Emil Renich, Nelson Roney, Charles Rapp, Daniel Raleigh, F. C. R~inhardt, James B. Raymond, Bartholo mew vV. Russell, Ti1nothy Ryan, Thomas Reath, Joseph J. Ryan, Mathew Rankin, Robert R. Sampson, Jacob S. Staht Charles H. Swift, Herman Schuman, C. M. Stover, James Stewart, Charles Stephens, Jan1es Stott, Thomas P. Smith, Frederick Schroder, Valentine Steele, F. A. Sn1ith, A. A. Sheldon, John H. Syn1e, Charles J. Schoreek, Thon1as H. Smith, Tuforitz Schwein, Henry Sumner, Henry H. Sn1ith, J. W. Schuldt, Willian1 Schafer, Charles Schlieckert, ~I. D. Sweig, A. Seefurth, M. H. Stephens, J. J. Si111n1ons, Charles Schoenthaler, Joachin R. Stolt, John H. Siegmiller, Owen Sheridan, Philip Schmidt, Fred erick S. Soller, Chester Tracey, Thon1as Telfer, Swan Tur rell, Nels Turrell, F. J. Trautman, George A. Taylor, Walter Tallman, W. F. Tormochlen, George E. Thomas, Ernest Van Danden, ~Iax Valequet, C. M. "\Vhite, C. A. vVood ford, J. P. "\Vinner, J. W. Woodruff, C. E. Williams, Joseph Waska, Eugene H. "\Vaite, Thomas M. 1Viltsie, Charles L. )Vier, Charles G. Wahlgren, Frank vVingierski., W. H. vVilson, E. P. Wright, Swan A. Warn, W. H. Wines, Cyrus S. Wilcox, vVillian1 C. Wait, John M. Willian1s, L. B. ,vnlden, Philip J. Walsh, F. J. H. vVich n1an, John P. Wade, Theodore Zech, Ferdinand Zahn, Anton Zaycicik. J. no,vARD JONES. This gentleman is the Superintendent of the postal service in the West Division at headquarters., corner of Halsted FEDER.AL OFFICERS. 291 and Washington streets. He was born in Pike County Decen1ber 23, 1836, and came to Chicago, October 1, 1868. He has resided here since. He ,vas agent for the North western and California Associated Press, and served sub sequently as the local agent for the Western Associated Press_, ·which position he held until 1876. ~.,or six years he was Chief Clerk in the office of the Chief Inspector of Grain and becan1e a mern ber of the Board of Trade. He was appointed to his present position July 16, 1885.

P. R. FORREST. The accomplished Cashier -of the Postal Department was born in the city of Cork, Ireland, March 18, 1826, and is the junior brother of the ,vell known literateur Joseph K. 0. Forrest. His father was for thirty years director of one of the largest mercantile firn1s in Cork; his uncle, Phillip Ryder ·was for thirty years Comptroller of Customs; his first cousin, P. R. Tivy is married to a sister of Sir Thomas Lyons, formerly Mayor and l\riei:nber of Parliament for Cork, and his brother, John R. is a, son-in-law of James Lane, formerly Mayor. In July, 1840, our subject came to Chicago in the days of the Tippecanoe can1paign. A long and useful ex perience in the 1nost responsible positions of banking insti tutions followed and thoroughly qualified him for his present position.· He was identified with the banking houses of Forrest Bros., & Oo.; Isaac H. Burch & Oo.; E. I. Tinkhan1 & Co., and. was cashier for the Merchant's National when it went into litigation. From 1855 to 1857 he was Secretary of the Water Departn1ent of Public Works. THEODORE F. S"'WA.IN. The genial Superintendent of the Money Order Division of the postoffi.ce was born in 1830 in I-Iodam, Conn. At the age of fifteen he left the Brainard Academy to go to 292 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. school no more. He yet taught school forthwith in "\Vaukegan, Ill., and was a n1uch respected pedagogue when twenty-one. He now entered the dry goods business and subsequently in l\1uskegon dabbled in the lumber trade. Coming to Chicago he entered the Recorder's office under Willian1 L. Church, but soon accepted the cashiership in the Internal Revenue office, rising after ward to the position of Chief Deputy. In January, 1871 he becan1e a manu_facturer of fine soaps; but while there is life there is hope, the soap business proved profitless to hin1. He now became a broker with an office in the Tribune Building. Subsequently he took his present position. PATRICK ::M:. CLOWRY. The Superintendent of the Registry Departn1ent of the postoffice was born in Carlow, Ireland, Decen1ber 26, 1832. In 1850 his fan1ily came to Chicago, and he went to work at once for Satterly, Cook & Co., grocers, corner State and Lake streets. After three years he went to work for J. H. Gray, in the san1e business. He then learned the harness trade, and followed it up to 1858, when he entered the postoffice. In 1863 he had climbed the ladder of pro n1otion as high as the foren1anship of the general delivery. He was appointed the First Superintendent of Carriers by John L. Scripps, and held it for nine years. In 1873 Gen. McArthur n1ade him Superintendent of the General De livery. After two years he was appointed Assistant Super intendent of Carriers, and succeeded Mr. Hubbard as Superintendent in 1881. In October, 1882, he was ap pointed Superintendent of the Registry Department. OTHER COUNTY EMPLOYES.

MICH.A.EL W. RYAN. The County Clerk of Cook county was born in Limer ick, Ireland, in 1847, and is the youngest of ten children, two girls and eight boys. IIaving attended the parish school in Cappamore, he graduated at the head of a class of thirty-two students, in mathematics and classics, in the Jesuit college in Limerick. He came to Chicago in 1866, and became a contractor with his brother, D. W. Ryan, now deceased. A dry goods experience succeeded. In 1875 he entered the Recorder's office under Jan1es Stewart. He was an attache later on of the Co1tnty Clerk's office, and also of the Probate Court Clerk'E' office. While in the latter situa~ion, he was nominated by the Democrats and was elected vVest Town Collector, furnishing a bond in the sum of $5,000,000. In 1882 he was elected Co11nty Clerk. In the spring of 1884 Tuir. Ryan n1arried Miss Mamie Cochrane, daughter of the late John Cochrane, so promi nently identified in real estate transactions, and a graduate of St. Mary's Institute nt .South Bend, Indiana.

"~ILLIA)f KIRBY. The invaluable chief clerk in the office of County Clerk Ryan, of Cook Conn ty, was born in I-Iospital, Limerick county, Ireland, in 1849. He was there educated, com pleting a course of classics. In 1870, under a sudden im pulse, he left his native place and can1e to Troy, New York, and obtained employment in a grocery and meat n1arket. In 1871 he ea1ne to Chicago, and ,vas engaged by Thomas Wall in the grocery business. He subsequently 293 294 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. conducted business for tx-alderman Thon1as Carney, of the seventeenth ward. 1-Ie ,vas the proprietor of a flourishing meat n1arket, corner of Ada street and Austin avenue, when invited to a position in the. office of the County Clerk. I-Ie had charge of the vaults at :first, and rapidly Tose to his present position. E)IIL HOECHSTER. The Chief Clerk of the County Court was born in Frank fort-on-the-Main June 1, 1836, and can1e to this country in 1854. After two years spent in New York he went to Cincinnati, where he pursued for son1e ti1ne a successful career in tragedy. In 1858 his political experience began when he took an active part in the Blair campaign in iiissouri. He subsequently edited the 1Yestliche Post, of which Carl Schurz was the chief in St. Louis. In 1860 he entered the war as a First Lieutenant in the 'rwenty-fourth Illinois Infantry, IIecker's regin1ent, and was afterward As sistant Provost-:01larshal in St. Louis. In 18G5 he can1e to Chicago and was local editor of the Ill-ino£s Staats Zeitung fron1 1866 to 18G8. Appointed consul to Germany, he raised over $9,000 for the sufferers in the great Chicago fire. In 1875 he returned to Chicago, worked hard for Tilden in 1876, became Deputy Sheriff under lVIessrs. Agnew and Kern, managed the Gern1an theater at Mc ""\Ticker's for a time:, and finally became Chief Clerk of the County Court. He is an invaluable official. P. C. T. BREEN. This gentlen1an was born in 1846 in 1'ralee, Kerry county, Ireland. Leaving the English schools at the age of fourteen, he entered St. Brendon's College, and studied six years for the priesthood. In 1866 he can1e to America, ancl soon enlisted in the ordnance departn1ent at Washing ton, and was present at the enton1bn1ent of the body said to have been that of Booth, the assassin of Presi dent Lincoln. But lVIr. Breen firn1ly believes that the OOUNTY EMPLOYES. 295 remains buried in the old penitentiary yard at Washington were not those of Booth. I-Ie and none of the other offi cers ,vere allowed to look upon the face of the corpse in the coffin; and our subject, like n1any others, thinks that Booth is still alive. In l 869 he proceeded to St. Louis and taught school for a tin1e. In 18~12 he came to Chicago and went on the _Fire Departinent, where he had charge of the supplies, and was afterwards pron1oted by Marshal Benner. ~Ir. Breen is the author of '· II ugh O'Neill's 1Vars With Elizabeth/' and other Irish effusions. He entered the County Clerk's office in 1882 with l\1r. Ryan. The following are the names of the employes of the County Clerk's office : Luke Agnew, George Appleton, John Aul, Tin1 Bourke, Thonuts Breen, J. R. Bailey, II. J. Becker, John 0. Cul len, D. V. Connelly, John Cochrane, 0. J. Coffey, P. ],L Donnellan, John F. Doran, John A. Evans, N. J. Fitz simn1ons, J arnes Gleeson, Charles Hoya, l[anrice Healey, ,villian1 A-. I-Ioyne, M. 11. Hayes, E. Klehm, Albert Ley den, E. Lewis, J. \V. l\lc:Nially, Day nicCarthy, R. T. 1 1\1:cDonough, ·,v. H. lHurphy, Thon1as lV[ulvihill, E. '1 • Noble, T. A. Noonan, ,v. 0. Niehoff, John O'Langhlin, John O'Brien, :NI. J. O'Brien, P. O'Brien, John O'Shay, B. l\I. Payne, John Prendergrast, Robert Prendergrast, Jan1es Ryan, "\Villian1 ·Ryan, Robert Strickland, J. B. Shiels, "\Villian1 Sweeney, R. P. Sullivan, F. T. Sullivan, James A. Taylor, T. 0. I-Iickey, John ,valsh, J. B. Crow ley, 1\::1. J. ~Baldwin, 'rhon1as Tighie, Charles I-Ielnan, Jan1es E. l\inrray, P. N. IIoffman, Jan1es Rafferty, Will ian1 Kirby, H. lvicGurren, Thon1as Dwyer, F. 1\1:cNally, II. Biehl, M. Saln1onson, P. C. T. Breen, P. J. lvloloney, l\:L D. Duhig, J. D. Shiels, C. S. Cameron, Willian1 O'Hayer, A. J. McGurren, E. IIoechster, J. Moloney, E. M. Bar nard, J. H. Fitch, T. F. Bailey, D. "\V. McCarthy. 296 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIO.AGO ..

WILLLAM C. SEIPP. Among the fore most successful young men of the age, William 0. Seipp, the County Treasurer of Cook County, stands preeminent. At the age of twenty-eight, William 0. Seipp was chosen by the great Chicago public with an overwhelming voice to hold in trust. for them moneys exceeding the formidable. figure of twelve million ($12,000,000) doll~rs. He was elected to the 1nost respon sible position of City Ti·easurer in April, 1879, on the Democratic ticket, and ran far ahead of everybody else. In ·his ·election, party or nationalistic distinctions seemed to take no part whatever. He was elected to his present position on the Democratic ticket, and while a Republican Sheriff was elected, he made a historical run. This was in the fall of 1882. Mr. Seipp is the son of Conrad Seipp, the celebrated brewer, and was born in Chicago, where the Chicago Ti'.nies now stands, January 4, 1851. His early education was obtained in the Chicago University, whence he was sent to Mount Pleasant ~1ilitary Acaden1y in New York ; leaving the Chicago lTniversity as a freshn1an. I-laving graduated he returned to his native city, and at the age of 18 entered the law office of Rosenthal, Pence & Co. After two years' legal study he was engaged by his father to assist hin1 in his busin~ss, which was rapidly assuming gigantic proportions. The great brewery was established in 1856, and turns out today, it is estimated, almost half a n1illion barr-els per year, ~Iore than 150 men are en1- ployed. in the establislunent. In 18~,G~ when the institu tion became a stock concern, "\Villia1n C. Seipp was elected Secretary and Treasurer. In 1878 he was made Vice President, Mr. T. J. Lefens succeeding hin1 as Secretary and Treasurer. nir. Seipp married in the fall of 1874, and his domestic life is a very happy one. COUNTY ];MPLOYES.

THOMAS BRENAN. Thomas Brenan, as is well known, is the Assistant Treasurer of Cook county, and is recognized by men of all parties as the most competent man by far who ever handled the public moneys in his position. Mr. Brenan's family came to Chicago as early as 1848, locating in the vicinity of Lake street and Wabash avenue. When very young, our subject entered the hardware store of James & Springer. He then becanie a clerk in the e1nploy of Brown & Tuttle, proprietors of the Sherman House, which was then a four story brick on the present site. He then connected himself with the brewery of James Kearney, and when the institu tion passed into the hands of John O'Neill, he went into his employ. In 1855 he went into the wholesale liquor business for himself. In 1861 he enlisted in the Twenty third Illinois, as Second Lieutenant, and was assigned to the quartermaster's departn1ent. After the battle of "\Vin chester and the death of Gen. Mulligan he was mustered out. In 1869 when ,v. J. Onahan was elected City Collec tor, Mr. Brenan saw his first political experience, enter ing the office as cashier. "\Vhen '· Honest Dan" O'IIara was elected City Treasurer he becan1e assistant, and served under Treasurers Briggs, Sei1~P and Brand thereafter.

SETH F. HANCHETT. The Sheriff of Cook County was born near 1\-fayville.,. Chautauqua county, N. Y., April 30, 1842, and is of English descent. In this country their origin is traced to an officer of the revolution who settled in the valley of the Mohawk, and was killed by the Indians. In 1856 he can1e alone to Chicago, first finding en1ploy111ent with the North Chicago city railway con1pany. In 1861 he enlisted in tho Ninth Illinois Cavalry, having raised a company for BelFs Cavalry, which was not accepted, the quota of the regi ment being full. .After arduous service in Missouri, Ar- '298 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. kanas and Mississippi, he contraeted the southern fever in the marshes, and was sent to St. Louis hospital, and thence home to Chicago, where he recovered. In 1863 he reen list eel in the Fifteenth New York cavalry, serving under Franz Sigel in West Virginia, and ·under General Hunter in the battle of Lynchburg. In 1864 his regiment en tered Custer's division, and hard fighting at once com menced. He fought in all the cavalry engagements up to the battle of "Five Forks,'·' where he was struck by a piece of shell and maimed for life. In a desperate charge he lett his arm upon the field. After hospital treatn1ent he was discharged and returned to Chicago. He ,vorkec1 -one year in the con1111ission house of I-Ianchett, Angle & Cook, when he was appointed Superintendent of the Sol diers' Ho1ne. On July 1, 1867, he resigned, and was ap pointed to a position in the Sheriff's office as bailiff under General John L .. Beveridge. He was first placed in the County Court under Judges Bradwell and ,v allace, and served under Sheriffs Beveridge, Fisher, Cleaves, Bradley .and Agnew. ,Vhen Charles Kern was elected Sheriff he joined hands with his present chief clerk, ,v. H. Gleason, in the collecting agency. In 1877 he "~as elected Clerk of the Probate Court, and filled it up to his election of Sher iff. ~Ir. Hanchett is a men1ber of the Grand Arn1y ~f the Republic, the Union Veteran Club, Treasurer of the Vet •Bran Union League, a n1e111ber of the Ancient Order of United ,v orkmen, and is very pro111inent in social circles generally. CANUTE R. )IATSON. Chief Deputy Sheriff Matson was born in Norway, in 1843, and in 1848 the family ca111e to this· country, locat ing in ,van worth county, but shortly settling in Dane county. He here attended the Albion Academy, and sub sequently Milton College, where he was a student when the war of the Rebellion broke out. He enlisted in Con1- COUNTY El\'IPLOYES. 299 pany K, 13th Wisconsin Infantry as a private; and when mustered out was Regin1ental Quartern1aster. He was pro moted Comn1fasary Sergeant a,nd First Lieutenant in 1863. "\Vhen he left the service he can1e to Chicago, and while attending a con1n1ercial college he secured a position in the postoffice, publishing the Po8tal Record, the official paper of the department in the n1eantin1e. In 1868 he was elected Clerk of the Police Court, and was reelected in 1871. In 1875 he was appointed Justice of the Peace, and was reappointed in 1879. In 1878 he was admitted to the practice of law. He served one term as Coroner, after proving the second strongest candidate in the republican convention for the high office of Sheriff of Cook county. "\Vhile he is probably the fore1nost leader of the Scandina vian element he is universally popular.

·wrLLIA::\I K. :M' ALLISTER. "\Villian1 K. lvicAllister, one of the representatives of the Circuit bench and one of the J uclges of the Appellate Court was born at Salen1, Washington County, New York, in 1818. At the age of eighteen he entered college and corn n1enced studying law in "\Vayne County when twenty-one, and concluded in Yates County. Ife was admitted to the bar and removed to Albion, where he practiced his profes sion for ten years. In 1854 he came to Chicago and in 18G6 was non1inated for Judge o_f the Superior Court, but was de feated by Judge J an1eson. rrwo years later he was elected Judge of the Recorder's Court, and in 1870 was elevated to the Supreme bench. Business con1pelled. hin1 to resign in 1873, but he was subsequently elected to his present office.

JOHN G. ROGERS. John G. Rogers, one of the Judges of the Circuit Court, first saw the light of day at Glasgow, Kentucky, Decen1ber 28, 1818. I-le graduated as Bachelor of Arts from the Transylvania law school in 1841. He can1e to Chicago in 300 . THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

1857, and practised law until July, 1870, when he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1873 he was re elected, and again in 1879. He was elected the last time by both parties. LORIN C. COLLINS, JR. This affable member of the Circuit Court judiciary, was born in vVinson, Connecticut, in 1848, In 1852 his family removed to St. Paul, 1\finnesota, and here the sub ject of this sketch received his early training. In 1868 he entered the Northwestern University at Evanston; in 1872 was c!eated Bachelor of Arts, and in 1874 l\{aster of Arts. In this year he ~as adn1itted to the bar. His prominence as a lawyer led to his selection as a llepesentative, and a reelection, which resulted in his being chosen as Speaker of the House of Representatives. He was elected to his present office by both parties. RICHARD PRENDERGAST. The subject of this sketch, one of the judges of the County Court, is the youngest man now on the bench, being only thirty-one years of age. He ,vas born on the Emerald Isle in 1854. His father can1e to America in 1864, and settled in La Salle, Ill. At the age of twelve he ,vorked in a store and supported himself. In 1872 he attended college at 1\f ontreal, and subsequently at St. Ignatius College, at Chicago. rrhe full course is seven years or eight years, but the Judge graduated second in one year in the eight-year class. In 1876 he entered Judge 1\1:oran's office with the degree of A. B. He .attended the Union College of Law and graduated in 1878, winning the first prize for best essay on law. In 1882 he was elected Judge of the County Court, when only twenty-eight years of age.

JOSHUA C. KNICKERBOCKER. Judge Knickerbocker was born in Gallatin, Colun1 bia county, N. Y., September 26, 1837. He taught school COUNTY EMPLOYES. 301

fron1 1856 to 1859, and in 1860 ca1ne to Chicago. Here he devoted his time to the study of law, and in 1862 was admittted to practice. In 1864 he was Supervisor, and in 1865, while a men1ber of the State Board of Education, ·was elected Alderman for the first ward, and reelected in 1867. Retiring ten1porarily fron1 political life, he was a partner with his brother, John J. Knickerbocker_, for one year. In 1868 he was elected Representative to the Twenty sixth General Assen1bly, and in 1869 was non1inated by ac clamation for County Judge, but ,vas defeated. In 1877 he was elected Judge of the Probate Court, and in 1882 reelected. In 1886 he was nominated on every ticket in the field. ROLLIN S. "WILLIAMSON. The courtesy of this gentlen1an on the bench of the Superior Court of Cook county has won for him the high est regard of not only the men1bers of the bar, but of the community at large. ~Ialefactors at the bar of the Crim inal Court where Judge "\Villiamson has occasion to preside at times, have been known to be made better n1en by his merciful instincts. He "ras born May 23, 1839, in Cornwall., Addison county, Vermont, and to close and persevering study can be attrib uted his lofty position in the judiciary.

ELLIOTT ANTHONY. Judge Anthony of the Superior Court became best known to Chicagoans as Corporation Counsel. He filled this position twice. He is of Quaker extraction, an,d was born June 10; 1827. He assumed the judgeship in 1880.

JOSEPH E. GA.RY. One of the most affable judges on the bench, Joseph E Gary, was born in Potsdam, N. Y., July 9, 1821. He is a thoroughly self-n1acle man, having acquired his legal experience unaided by any tutor save an occasional author- 302 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. ity in the shape of a book or communicative lawyer he might happen on struggling through his early life. He came to Chicago in 1856, and as far back as that he is remembered in connection with our courts. He was a prominent n1ernber of the professi.on in 1863. He sen tenced the Anarchists.

:M:. F. TULEY. M. F. Tuley, one of the oldest men1bers of the Circuit judiciary, was b?rn in Louisville, Kentucky, March 4, 1827. He entered a store as clerk when thirteen, and studied law during his leisure hours. In 1847 he can1e to Chicago, and was adn1itted to the bar. "\Vhen the Mexican war broke out he enlisted in the Fifth Illinois and fought with that gallant regiment throughout the war. Soor,. after· the close of the war he settled in Sante Pe, New Mexico. For two years he was Attorney General of the ter ritory and fron1 1853 to 1854 he was in the legislature. In 1854 he came to Chicago and con1111enced the practice of law in partnership with Joseph E. Gary. In 1869 he was appointed Corporation Counsel. In 1879 he was elected to the circuit bench.

JULIUS S. GRINNELL. The States Attorney for Cook county was born in ~Ias sena, St. Lawrence county, N. Y .., in 1842, and is the son of Dr. A. H. Grinnell, of New Haven, ·v ermont, a n1en1ber of the family after whom the town of Grinelle in France was christened. Of French-Welch nationality, the family can1e to this . country from Wales and settled in New York, ·connecticut and Vern1ont. Pron1 this last named branch the subject of this sketch is descend eel. Prepared for college in Potsdam Academy, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., he entered Middlebury, Vermont college in 1862 and graduated in the fall of 1866 with brilliant honors. He now entered the office of Hon. "\Villian1 C. COUNTY EMPLOYES. 303

Brown in Ogdensburg, and ·was admitted to practice in 1868. After practicing two years he becan1e the Professor of the Ogdensburg Academy and won many laurels. In 1870 he can1e to Chicago, and WB1S pushing a most promis ing practice in 1879, when he was elected, although a Dem ocrat, City Attorney for a Republican city. In 1881 he was renominated and reelected by a very large majority, running but a fe,v votes behind Mayor Harrison. In the fall of 1884 he was elected States Attorney, re ceiving a most ren1arkable vote. He was the only Den10- crat elected in the county. His career up to date has been a brilliant one, being indorsed by press and public. Upon his advent into office he imn1ediately appointed the rising young lawyer Frank Walker his first assistant, and retained George Baker, the indefatigable presentor of cases to the grand jury. George was formerly a reporter for the Chi cago press, and did invaluable service 1-inder States Attorney Mills, Mr. Grinnell's predecessor and gifted orator.

JOHN J. HEALY. The Clerk of the Appellate Court, John J. Healy, is a veteran public servant, and is probably one of the best versed politicians in the Republican ranks. He stands very high in their councils. Mr. I-Iealy was born in Ireland July 3, 1843, and since 1849 has been a resident of Chicago. He was a student at Notre Daime, Indiana, and his first busi ness was at the lun1ber trade. When the war broke out he joined the_ Twenty-third -Illinois Volunteers. He fought ·with his regiJ.11ent at the battles of Lexington, Kenton, Bunker Hill and vVinchester. At the latter battle lVIr. Healy was severely wounded the day on which the gallant Colonel n1:ulligan lost his life. At the close of the war he was Adjutant-general of the draft rendezvous of this state. Mr. Healy was in the Recorder's office under "Jim" Stewart and in 1875 was elected clerk of the Superior- 304 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Court. In 1884 he was elected Clerk of the Appellate Court. PATRICK M'GRATH. The clerk of the Superior Court of Cook county was born in BaUynahinch, County Down, Ireland, May 13, 1839 and came to America in 1847. Having attended a commercial school at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, he joined the Seventh Wisconsin Infantry in the fall of 1861 and was commissioned a .Second Lieutenant. He engaged ip. all the battles in which · his regiment participated, among which n1ay be mentioned the battles of Corinth, Farrington, the expedition to Purdy, Tennessee, and in fact every engage ment through the central Mississippi. He was detailed to preserve communications with Uol. Murphy when the latter surrendered to General Van Dorn, thereby frustrat ing Grant's original plan of the capture of Vicksburg. At Lake Providence he was promoted First Lieutenant for gal lantry, and subsequently was detailed in command of a select corps of sharp-shooters, which he comn1anded in front of Ransom's brigade during the memorable siege on the works of Vicksburg. July 12 his brigade captured Natches after a gallant fight, and here he was assigned to command Company E as mounted infantry. He n1ade several raids and excursions through the Mississippi and Louisiana, cap turing Fort Beauregard. His regiment joined Sherman in April and accompanied him during his n1arch to the sea. He was mustered out January 15, 1865, and came to Chi cago in May, 1865. After working at the old Galena depot and for the Board .of Public works, he was appointed County Agent. In the fall of 1884 he was elected Clerk of the Superior Court.

THOMAS W. SENNOTT. The clerk of the Probate Court of Cook county was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is about thirty-three years of COUNTY EMPLOYES. 305

age. His parents hail from Wexford County, Ireland. Iie is a carriage n1aker by trade. In 1879 he occupied a re sponsible position with the North-Western Nail Company, and resigned when appointed n, Deputy Sheriff under Hoff n1an. He subsequently resigned under General Mann to run in 1882 for his present position. He ran very far ahead of his ticket. HENRY BEST. This gentleman is the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook county. He was born in the "Patch", foot of Thir teenth street, in Chicago, December 22~ 1848, and is the son of Mathias Best, the first brewer in Chicago, and who now stands at the head of the brewing fraternity. His first experience in business was as a grocer. Gradually, how ever, he drifted into politics. He served two terms as a constable under Justice Haines. Sheriff Hoffman appointed him a deputy and he was reappointed under Sheriff Han chett. He was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court in the fall of 1884. JOHN STEPHENS. The Clerk of the Criminal Court was born in Albany, New York, in 1839, and is of Gern1an decent. He has been repeatedly elected by extraordinary majorities. His family settled in Chicago as early as 1844. Mr. Stephens was first employed in the furniture store of Thon1as Manahan, 205 Lake street, and subsequently became a property n1an in one of the old time theaters. The sock and buskin en gross his leisure hours today. At the out break of the war sham battles lost their interest for Mr. Stephens and join ing the Nineteenth Illinois, the blank cartridges of the stage were forgotten when two grape shots carried away his left foot in the battle of Chickamauga, and he was made a })risoner for fifteen days. While a sergeant he yet com manded Company K at Stone River. He was in the Regis try department of the postoffice when elected coroner. 20 306 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Principal Deputy, Jan1es M. Doyle; Chief Cle-rk, Chris topher Mamer; Court Record ,vriter, James G. Hamilton; General Record Writer, George R. Rockfeller; Fee and Process Clerk, Henry F. Stephens; Court Clerk, Jethro W. Getman; Platter and Office Clerk, Felix V. Buschick; Cashier and Quasi-Criminal Record Writer, William S. Powell; Office Clerks, Robert Mitchell, Joseph W. Sexton., Harry S. Ryce. CHRISTOPHER MAMER. Christopher Mamer, R-ecord-writer in the office of the Clerk of the Criminal Court was in the State Senate of Illinois while only twenty-nine. In the very first session he reached a prominence vouchsafed to but. few of his associates. He was born in Siebenborn, in the county of Kapele, Luxembourg, in 1852, and in 1854 the family made Chicago its home. Up to the age of twelve he at tended a public school, and was subsequently placed in the college of St. ~Iary's of the Lake, where he graduated with high honor in 1864. Two years experience in the Illinois School of Trade completed his scholastic ordeal. He then served his apprenticeship to the jewelry trade for five years. After the great fire of 1871 he became a dis tributor of alms to the worthy poor for the Relief and Aid Society. After a few months he retired to become custodian of funds sent to Chicago by his uncle in Wis consin to help rebuild the cremated city of Chicago. In May, 1880, he entered the office of Clerk of the Criminal Court as a record-,vri ter. Senator Mamer's ;first experie1:1,ce in politics was in 1874, when liis activity as a Republican in the very. in most recesses of the Democratic stronghold at once estab lished him in the good graces of his party . In a very brief time he was rewar

HENRY C. STE"W ART. One of the nin1blest clerks in the Superior Court, and one of the best looking, is Henry C. Stewart, better known around the county building as "Hank." He is a brother of poor "Jim" Stewart, now dead, who was at one time Recorder of Cook county. Poor "Jim" was generous to a fault, and no man's n1isery ever escaped him unheeded. He lifted a burden fron1 many a sore heart in his day. Henry Stewart was born in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1848, and came to Chicago with his parents in 1850. Schooled in Rockford, Ill., he had just learned the baker business when he received an appointment in the postoffice. In 1872 he entered the office of his brother, the Recorder. In 1876 he was placed in his present position. On Feb. 7, 1877, he married Miss J\llary E. Harris, the daughter of Ex-County Commissioner Harris.

JAMES J. HEALY. This gentleman is one of the Deputy Clerks of the Su perior Court and is recognized at once by his military car riage. He was born March 6, 1848, in county Kerry, Ire- 30 8 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. land, whence after his father's death and when our sub ject was twelve years of age, the family came to America. He was educated in St. Nlary's of the Lake under the guardianship of Dr. McMullen, and subsequently attended Notre Dame. He was working for his uncle doing busi ness under the firn111an1e of Cohn & o:Brien when the war con1menced. His passion for military life made him a soldier at the age of fifteen. He enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-second Volunteer Infantry in Con1- pany G. He served one year and three months ju the regiment when he was n1ustered out, October 17, 1864, having participated with high honor at Shiloh and other notable battles. Ile inunediately reenlisted in the regular army in the Thirty-second United States In fantry, and ,vas pron1oted . to the rank of first Sergeant. He was mustered out at Can1p Verde, Arizona Territory, under general order No. 31, paragraph H., dated San Francisco, 1Iay 12, 1869. He returned to Chicago, and his m~litary experience ob tained hin1 the position under Mark Sheridan as drill master of the police force. He served for two years and then entered the postoffice in the registry department. When his brother was elected Clerk of the Superior Court he was appointed to his present office. Mr. Healy has always been a consistent Republican, and has done much to aid that party.

WILEY S. SCRIBNER. Wiley Smith Scribner, Recorder for Cook County, better known as Colonel Scribner, was born in Jacksonville, Ill., in 1840. When a year old his father died, and when eight years old his n1other remarried and removed to Jan1estown, Grant County, ,vis., where Wiley was placed in the dis trict school. 1859 he went, with others, to Colorado, where up to 1860 he was engaged in n1ining. In this year COUNTY EMPLOYES. 309 he connected himself with a variety firm in Boscobel, Wis. When the war broke out, in company with a lawyer named Merrick, in Grant county, he started a company for the three months' service, under the call for 75,000 men but the quota of the state had been previously filled. Dis banding, he entered Company I, of the Sixteenth Wiscon sin Infantry in 1861, and participated in the hard fought battles of the West, receiving three wounds. He fought at Shiloh, Corinth, Iuka, Vicksburg, the campaign and capture of Atlanta, the march to the sea, and was mus tered out in 1865. He served on Gen. Charles Ewing's staff in the march to the sea, retiring as First Lieutenant. He then reentered the grocery and dry goods business in Grant County. Here he was also Postmaster and Town Clerk, and in 1866 and '67 was a member of the Legisla ture. In 1867 he went to Montana, and was business man ager and city editor of the Helena Herald. In 1869 he was appointed Secretary of the Territory, and acted for two years. In 1870 he n1arried the daughter of Gen. T. Reynolds. In 1870, with a 1Ir. :WicCorn1ick, he estab ished the Pioneer in Nlissoula, l\iontana, ancl alone treated in Jocko V a1ley ancl at the head of the Flathead River trading posts, with the "Flatheads," "Kootenas," and "Penderilles. '' In 1872 he returned to ,visconsin. In 1873 he can1e to Chicago and entered the law office of Isham & Lincoln., son of the martyrP.cl President and ex Secretary of War, having been adn1itted to practice in ,visconsin in 1866. Subsequently he filled the position of a clerk in the -Superior Court. He then accepted the posi tion af Deputy Clerk in the Probate Court. In the fall of 1884 he was elected Recorder. Colonel Scribner is con nected with numerous organizations, civic and n1ilitary, among which n1ay be mentioned the Chicago Union Vete eran Club, Veteran Union League, Loyal League of 310 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF OHIO.A.GO.

America, Grand Army of the Republic, and the First Brigade of the Illinois National Guards. The following is the roster of the Recorder's office : Recorder, '\Viley S. Scribner; Deputy Recorder, James Stroud ; Recording Clerk, L. C. I-Io111111es ; Superinten dent Folio Departn1ent, Fred. C. Kile; Clerks, Horace E. Sn1ith, Jacob S. Curtis, Jan1es rrhon1as, H. R. Green, Robert G. Reed, San1uel E. Erickson, S. Daniels, W. E. Day., P. H. Schmitz, Frank W. Teeple, E. S. Bullock,C. Duffield, Frank N. Coffin, George E. \V ood well, C. E. Southard. vV. W. Manzy, S. J. Williamson, W. C. Phillips, A. C. ·Arentz, J a1nes A. Price ; Niap Clerk, E. Ruleshau ser; Clerk., William Ludewing, A. J. Le Brun, F. A. Brokoski. Abstract Departn1ent.-Order Clerk, W. S. Kaufman; Abstract Makers, N. Busch work, George R. Cannon;

Assistant Abstract l\tfakers, T. H. Reynolds1 L. H. vVeil; Clerks, San1uel Kerr, Edwin Plowman, A. S. Reeves, J an1es J. McGrath ; Abstract ,v riters, Oscar D. Howes, Theo. Stomn1ing, E. J. Burkert; Clerks, S. W. Reder burg, John F. Stinson, R. M. Burke.

JAMES STROUD~ The Deputy Recorder of Cook county, was born De cember 28, 1844, in Dorsetshire, England. Apprenticed to the dry goods business in London in 1858, he pwsued that business up to his entering politics. He came to Chi cago in 1870, and assumed the 1nanagement of a depart ment in the store of -Ross & Gossage. He subsequently became connected with the in1mense dry goods finn of Field, Leiter & Co., Clapp, Young & Co., and Clapp & Davies. In 1882 he ,vas appointed Record \Vriter in the Probate Court, under Col. ,v. S. Scribner, who, on being elected Recorder, appointed hi1n Chief Deputy. 'fhe peo ple inclorse Nlr. Scribner's selection. COUNTY El\IPLOYES. 311

FRED C. KILE. The able and courteous Superintendent of the Folio Department of the Recorder's office, was born in Chicago, January, 1843. "\Vhen quite young he left the high school with credit, and completed his studies in the normal school. Having graduated, he entered _the wood and coal business for himself, in the town of Blue Island, and sub sequently became connected with the engineering depart n1ent of the "\Vestern railroad. l\Ir. Kile became Superin tendent of Folio in February, 1882, a n1ost responsible position indeed. .. FRANK B. LANE . The Chief Clerk of the Probn te Court is Frank B. Lane, who, a son of old James Lane, one of the most prom inent pioneers in Chicago's history, was born on February 4, 1850. ·Having graduated with distinction at St. J\IIary's of the Lake.· ..A.t the age of fifteen he enlisted iu Mulli gan's famous brigade, and participated in it_s heroic exploits at the front. Mustered out he embarked in n1ercantile pursuits, where his ability was recognized in 1873 by his appointn1ent as First Assistant Grain Inspector of the Board of Trade. Subsequently he was appointed First Lieutenant under " Sandy" Shay, captain of t}le rattling

H No. 13," and now .Assistant Fire liarshal. Resigning this position_. fraught with so much peril, Nlr. Lane com n1enced a political career. · In 1875 he entered the Superi or Court as a clerk, and his competency while there gained for hin1 his pr~sent position. He is an indefatigable ,vork er, and under his guidance no hitch seems possible in the paraphernalia of the Probate Court of Cook county.

CHARLES BRADLEY. The Chief Deputy in the office of the Circuit Court of Cook county, was born April 28, 1856, in Chicago, on Madison street, near Franklin. He is the son of Cyrus P. 312 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Bradley, who was Chief of Police and of the Fire Depart ment, and a nephew of "Tim" Bradley, who was Sheriff of .Cook county. Educated in the public schools, Charles was first en1ployed by Losack & ~f orris, dealers in hats, caps, and furs. Be then entered the service of D. ,v. Irwin & Co., on the Board of Trade. In 1867 he entered the Sheriff's office under Fischer, continued under" Tin1 '' Bradley, and went out a short tin1e after Agnew was elected. He served one year in the Recorder's office under "Jim" Stewart, and when J. J. Healey was elected Clerk of the Superior Court and stayed there during his entire term. , He received his present position in December, 1884. He married Hattie E. Shun1way November 13, 1867, and his son, Charles Morris Bradley, aged seventeen, is Assistant Book-keeper in the wholesale glove depart ment at Marshall Field's.

DANIEL D. HEALY. Dan Healy, connected ,vith the Circuit Court, pre sided over by Judge Collins, was born in Ireland February 11, 1847, and came to An1erica in 1852. He studied at St. Mary's of the Lake and at the Jesuit College. '\Vhile he served as an engineer d nring the war he be came generally known in connection with the Chicago Fire Departn1ent. As a mechanic he had no superior, and a~ a gentlen1an he had few equals. I-Ie was twelve years on the Fire Departn1ent. ,vhen Sheriff I-Ianchett took possession lVIr. Healy was appointed one of his deputies. Among the organizations to which l\iir. Healy belongs n1ay be n1en tioned the Fireman's Benevolent Association, of which he is the Fin~ncial Secretary ; the United Order of '\Vorkmen, and the Policeman's and Firen1an's State Association.

DELOS E. HALL. The Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court was born May 14, 1840, at Salisbury, Herkimer county, N. Y., and re- COUNTY El\IPLOYES. 313 mained in his native place until 1861. In this year he en listed in the Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers and served until the close of the war. He fought in about thirty engagements, including the Second Bull Run_, South Mountain, the first and second battles of Fredericks burg and ..A .. ntietam, Gettysburg, battles of the Wilderness, and was present at Lee's surrender. He has been con nected with the Circuit Court as a deputy since December 1, 1872, and has a fine record.

JAMES H. BURKE. James H. Burke, Deputy Sheriff, was born in Hart ford, Conn., September 10, 1848. In 1850 the fan1ily can1e to Chicago, and built upon the corner of Van Buren and J e:fferson streets the first habitation on the prairie west, where now such imposing edifices as the Jesuit Church and St. Ignatius College stand. The subject of this sketch herded cattle when he was not supplying boats on the river with n1ilk. He attended school at O'Connor's the first school on the West Side. It stood in the rear of old St. Patrick's Church, corner of Randolph and Des plaines streets. As a porter Nlr. Burke worked five years for J. V. Farwell & Co., at No. 42 and 44 ,v abash ave nue, and was thereafter elevated to the superintendency of the domestic department. IIe then established on his own account a gents furnis~1ing business at No. 76 West Madison street, but failed in 1873 with liabilities of about $1,500. This debt the plucky deputy ·wiped away by his savings while a9ting as a sidewalk inspector, a collector for the Board of Public Works, and a Deputy Sheriff. He was appointed under I-Ioffn1an, and continued under hin1. JOHN BRENNAN. Deputy Sheriff Brennan was born in Galway, March 24, 1844. In April, 1855, he came to New_ York and con1- 1nenced active life as a cabin-boy on the City of Washing- :314 THE POLITICAL EIST0RY 0!F CHICAGO.

ton. In 1857 he entered the grocery trade in Cincinnati, but after two years engaged with a wholesale boot and shoe house. In 1g51 he joined Company F, Second Ohio, and subsequently sha,recl. in the vicissitudes of the rebell ion. He becan1e a boot and. shoe sales111an at the close of the war. In 1868 he established a hat and cap business at No. 171 South Clark street. After the great fire he estab lished a wine and spirit trade and conducted the san1e with profit up to hjs well-earned appointment as Deputy Sheriff, first under· Major Hoffman, and them under Gen ,eral Mann, and finally under Seth Hanchett.

THEODORE E. STACY. Theodore Edwin Stacy, Deputy Sheriff, was born in -Carlisle, Mass., February 3, 1837. His father was an Unita rian minister, and Theodore was a n1ere infant when he was carried into the boson1 of the Hopedale comrnunity in Mit ford. Having acquired a knowledge of printing in his father's office, Theodore, at the age of nineteen, connected himself as an ~xpress n1essenger with the Boston & Worcester (now Boston & .,A.lbany) Railroad. It was a very respon sible position for a young n1an, large an1ounts of money continually resting in his custody. In the spring of 1861 he came to Chicago, and. obtained en1ployn1ent in the United States Express Company. After a year he becan1e chief clerk for 0. H. Bissell, proprietor of the Matteson House, who evinced unbounded confidence in him, and afterward assisted Robert I-Iill. Ile was first a deputy under Sheriff Fischer, ·then under Ben Cleaves, and served two terms with Bradley. · vVhen Agnew was elected, Mr. :Stacy resigned by reason of a difference in politics, and en gaged in the collection and auction business. ""\Vhen Hoff man was elected he was reestablished a deputy, and when .Sheriff Mann was elected he was reappointed. Mr. Stacy has been married three times. I-Iis first wife died six COUNTY EMPLOYES. 315 months after marriage, and his second in nine days. His present wife is Clara D. Stevens, one of the most noted songstresses. HENRY L. HERTZ. Henry Lamartine I-Iertz, the Cook County Coroner, was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, November 19, 1847. He attended the Metropolitan school, and at twenty graduated fron1 the University of Copenhagen. His first business experience in Chicago, the city of his adoption, was as teller in a Scandinavian bank. He was subsequently con nected with the Commercial Loan Company. In 1872 he entered the Recorder's office_. where he in 1873 was elevated to the grantor of index clerk. In 1876 he was elected West Town Clerk. ]IIr. Hertz is very pron1inent in Scandinavian circles especially. I-Ie has been president of the Freja Scandinavian Singing Society, and of the Dania So ciety. He represents the fourteenth ward in the Repub lican City Central Comn1ittee.

GEORGE ROCKAFELLER. George R. Rockafeller, Deputy in the Criminal Court, was born in the city of New York, March 23, 1838, at tended the public school up to 1855, and thence to 1858 taught school. Fro1n 1856 to 1863 he was Cashier of tlie Freight Department of the N orth-vVestern. He then joined the army as Chief Clerk of the Quartern1aster's Depart n1ent in the Mississippi River Brigade, and ram fleet. The Quartern1aster, becoming Disbursing Officer of Lou isiana and Texas, in the Departn1ent of the Gulf with headquarters in New Orleans, where the volunteer service was relieved by General Sheridan in 1865, he was ap pointed Secretary of the Board of .Aldermen anu Assistant Alderman of New Orleans. In 1868 he was made the As sessor of the principal business district. Experience in brokerage followed up to 1873. In this year he accepted 316 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. a traveling auditorship on the Chicago & North-Western. In 1877 he was created Deputy Clerk in the Criminal Court. Following are the names of the attaches of the Circuit Court : Deputy Clerks-E. M. Freeze, J. M. vVilson, J. P. Emn1ert, Eugene Seeger, Henry Esdohr, R. R. Stevens, J. D. Hall, Julius Heinburg, John Seinwerth.

NEIL S. GRAVES. Neil S. Graves; Deputy Clerk of the Probate Court, is of Gern1an-Scotch descent, Edinburgh being the birth-place of his 'father, and Glasgow, of his mother. In the latter place Neil Stewart was born, June 3, 1840. When but three years of age his mother died and the family went to Providence, Rhode Island. In 1850 the folks settled in Boone county, Ill., where in Garden Prairie, the father acted as station agent for the old Galena road for eleven years. At the age of eighteen, Neil went on the road as a switchman, and was afterward a brakeman. Going south he ran for a time upon the Northern Missouri railroad, tra veling extensively in l\1issouri, Kentucky and Tennessee. In 1862 he enlisted in Company A., the Ninety-fifth Illi nois Volunteer Infantry as First Corporal, but after nine months' service was discharged on account of bleeding at the lungs. He then ran upon the I-Iannibal & St. Joseph road as a baggenutn, braken1an ancl conductor. In 1865 he· can1e to Chicago aud becan1e Superintendent of the Chicago division of the Pulln1an Palace Car Company, where he served about nine years. His savings he invested in the gent's furnishing business in the Methodist church block, but the enterprise was not a success. "\Vhen ~Ir. Hanchett was elected Probate Clerk he entered his office. In 1880 he was elected '\Vest Town Clerk on the Republican ticket, running ahead of the supervisor by about 700 votes. COUNTY EMPLOYES. 317

JETHRO lI. GETMAN. Jethro Madison Getn1an, Record Clerk in the Criminal Court, was born in Columbia, Herkin1er county, New York, in August, 1837; and in 1855 came to Chicago, finding employrnent at once in the office of the United States Express Oon1pany. He stayed but a brief time here before he decided to establish a grocery business. This he conducted up to a short time before the comn1encement of the ""\Var of the Rebellion, when he went to lviichigan and raised in St. Joseph a company which was mustered into the Forty-second Illinois Infantry, and was distinguished by the letter "G." \Vith this company he traversed southwestern lviissouri when Halleck pursued Price, and participated an1ong other engagements in the battles of Stone River, Corinth and Lookout Mountain. After the last na111·ed battle he entered the secret service, with headquarters in Memphis. In 1864 he resumed the grocery business in Chicago, but was quite unfortunate, being. compelled to withdraw after a short experience. He then accepted the position of a carrier in the United States postoffice, -where he rose by exemplary work to the superintendency of car riers under Gen. ~1:cA.rthur. In 1882 he entered the office of the clerk of the crin1inal court. Mr. Getman is a mem ber of several prominent societies, among them the Grand Army of the Republic and the Union Veteran Club.

HENRY F. STEPHENS. Ifenry F. Stephens, Record-Writer in the office of the Clerk of the Criminal Court, was born in Chicago in 1854. Gifted with remarkable self-reliance and aptitude from an early age, Henry was a successful pupil in the several pri vate schools he attended. Fast completing a course of English and Gern1an, he did not wish to depend upon any body and soon secured a position in the dry goods house of 318 THE POLI1'IOAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

Simpson & Hughes, afterwards Simpson & Norwell. When his brother was elected Coroner he entered his office and he continued with him when he was elected Clerk of the Criminal Court. SCHO,O'L TEACHERS'.

GEORGE HO'\VL.A.ND. The School Superintendent was born in Conway, Mass .. ,. and is probably' about forty-five years of age. Graduating· at Amherst college, where he taught for five years he· entered the Chicago IIigh S9hool as assistant principal in 1858. He was elected principal in 1860. In 1880 he was, elected to his present position ..

&HEPHERIY JoOHNSON. The- Veteran Secretary of the Chicago B·oard of Educa tion was born in New York City, September 18, 1823. His early days were spent on a farm in Kane County, Illi nois. Having been educated in Columbia college, New York, he was a teacher from 1845 to 1850 in the Institute· of Lyons. Five years thereafter he was engaged in the\ grocery business. He came to Chicago in the fall of 1859, and on February 14, 1860 he became connected with the· Chicago schools. When he can1e here there were only 1201 teachers, and now there are nearly 1,400.

J:AMES R. DOOLITTLE, JR. In eleeting a President of the Board of Education the Directors could not have selected a gentleman more emi nently qualified for the position than James R. Doolittle, Jr. Though a prominent lawyer Mr. Doolittle gave much of his time to the interests of education and his familiarity with the· public school system makes him invaluable. This gentleman was born in Warsaw, Wyoming county, N .. Y.,. .Apri1 2,, 184.5.. When sixteen. years old he left. 319, .320 THE-. POLITICAL HISTORY OF OHIO.AGO.

Racine college and was two years in Washington with his father who was United States Senator from Wisconsin, during the first years of the war. He graduated from Rochester University in 1863. Subsequently he attended Harvard College at Cambridge, Mass., and was admitted to the bar in '\Visconsin in 1866. After practicing law at New York he came to Chicago, and up to 1883 practiced law with his father. In 1878 he was Democratic candi date in the first 9ongressional district. _He ran ahead of his ticket, but ·was defeated by Aldrich. The following is a complete list of the teachers employed in the city schools: · Mary A. Abbott, Headley, 194 Wesson; Alice M. Adams, vVebster, 2252 Wabash ave.; Carrie G. .A.dan1s, Polk Street 408 \Vashington bould.; Elvira H. Adams, Ar mour Street, 611½ Fulton; Gertrude J. Adams, Webster, 2252 Wabash ave.; Kittie E. Adams, Cooper, 476 Center ave.; Maggie C. Adams, Longfellow, 476 Center ave., Mary T. Adams, W. Thirteenth Street, 476 Center ave.; Sophia B. Adan1s, I(ing, 422, S. Oakley ave.; Hannah Adler, Raymond and Brennan, 41 E. Thirteenth; Ellen Aheri1, Langland, 552 vV. North ave.; Mary Ahern, Von Humboldt, 552 W. North ave.; Mary Ahern, Langland, 2953 Butler; Lois M. Aiken, Tho1nas Hoyne, 73 N. State; Letitia M. Alexander, Calumet A venue, Englewood, Ill.;_ ·Julia C. Alger, Wells, 248 Ohjo; Jennie Allen, Arnold, 341 Center; James Carey Alling, Central Park, 1473 Was~ington bould. ~ Flora E. Alpiner, Anderson, 418 vV. Indiana; Charlotte Alsteup, Burr, 81 ,v. Ohio; Annie J. Anderson, l\fotley, 422 W. Ohio; Mary V. Anderson, Kosciusko, 345 W. Indiana; Nellie W. Anderson, Haven, 2910 Indiana ave.; May Andrews, lVIontefiore, 251 ,vin chester ave.; Edith Armstrong, Wentworth Avenue, "The Walton," N. Clark; Lizzie H. Armstrong, Calumet Ave nue, 3811 Indiana ave. ; Emma Atkinson, Jefferson, SCHOOL TEACHERS. 321

581 W. Harrison; Georgiana l\L Austin, LaSalle, 328 Hudson ave.; Carrie L. Averill, Irving, 420 Warren ave.; Grace B. Ayers, Washington, 420 Warren ave.; Lillie G. Ayres., Central Park, 420 Warren ave., Laura D. Ayres, Armour Street, 537 W. Jackson; Charles F. Babcock, I-Iolden, 2701 Michigan ave. bould. ; Olive Backus, vVells, 658 Fulton ; Annie Laurie Bacon, Sheldon, 359 "\Vells ; Hattie B. Bacon, Newberry, 359 "\Yells ; Elizabeth Baertschy, Throop & Longfellow, 77 Langdon; Charlotte 0. Bailey, South Division High, 2971 Michigan ave. ; Cecelia H. Bailey, Thomas I-Ioyne, 96 Dear borne ave. ; Lily M. Baird, Langland, Hun1boldt Park; Mary J:. R. Bairnson, Lincoln street, 673 W. Superior; Julia A. Baker, \Valsh, 2888Archerave.; MarieL. Baker, Lincoln, 1839 Frederick ; l\,fary E. Baker, Sheridan, 161 S. Green; Agnes E. Ball, "\Vashington, 10 S. Ada; Grace M. Banks, vValsh, 414 vV. Monroe; George 0. Bannan, Haven, 3149 Prairie ave. ; Fanny A. Barber, Lincoln, 1854 Wel lington, L. V.; lVIatey C. A. Barber, Armour Street, 537 W. Jackson; .Elvira D. Barclay, Newberry, 444 Garfield ave.; Elvira M. Barclay, Arnold, 444 Garfield ave.; Esther J. W. Barker, I-Ieadley, 236 Bissell; Alice L. Barnard, Jones, ,v ashington I-Ieights ; Alice S. Barnard, Webster, Washington Heights ; Erastus A. Barnes, Keith, 3445 Indi ana ave,; l\,fyra L. Barnes, Keith, 3445 Indiana ave.; Lou P. Barrett, Raymond, 3826 -La Salle; Adelina T. Bartelme N. & W. Division High, 355 Ogden ave.; Mary M. Bar telme, Arn1our Street, 355 Ogden ave.; Emn1a H. Bartels, Franklin, 1727- Frederick, L. V.; Charles S. Bartholf, En1erson, 1434 '\Vabash ave.; Ellen B. Bastin, South Divi sion lijgh, S. Park av-e. near Thirty-third -~ Nellie F. Bates, Douglas, 3620 Vernon ave.; Ida Bauer, Oalun1et Avenue, 108 Twenty-fourth; Maggie H. Bauld, Kosciusko, 1276 W. Van Buren ; Nelly M. Baun1ann, Ogden, 1844 vVellington ave., L. V.; Lizzie Bean, Montefiore, 427 W. Monroe; 21 322 'fHE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Nellie B. Beaubien, Wells, 34 N. Irving Place; Lenora E .. Beck, Scammon, 17 Loon1is ; Lizzie F. Beck, Headley, 593 N. Clark; J\iarie N. Beder, Headley, 359 Lincoln ave.; Emma Beckley, Oakley, 105 N. Center ave.; Theresa E. Beckley, Oakley, 105 N. Center .ave.; Anna Bedmann, Central Park, 718 N. Wood ; Annie Bectin, Huron Street, 36 Whiting ; Elizabeth B. Beebe, Kosciusko 1169 Milwaukee ave.; Charlotte Bell, Headley, 600 Lincoln ave.; Lottie L. Bellwood, Central Park, Central Park, Cicero. Clara 0. Bennett, Oakland, 87 E. Vv"' ashington; Bertha Benson, Skinner, 208 S. Paulina; Fannie E. Benson, Thomas Hoyne, 244 Erie Street; Lydia Benzing, Dore, 47 Willow; Elizabeth L. Bergen, Marquette, 385 Oak; Rosa lie F. Bergh, ...L\..rnold, 354 Mohawk; Anna E. Bertrand, Garfield, 264 Maxwell; Grace Beryson, Vedder Street, 189 Wesson; Alice 0. Bevans, Ogden, 24 Wisconsin; ·Homer Bevans, La Sall.~, Englewood; Alice A. Bigelow, Douglas, 3020 Indiana ave.; Lucretia J. Bigelow, Scammon, 178 S. _Morgan; J\'.lary L. Birge, Sheridan, 3150 Forest ave.; Or lando Blackman, Sp. T~ Vocal Music, 520 Fulton; Helen N. Blanchard, Washington, 616 Fulton; E111ma K. Blanks, Holden, 1466 Michigan ave. bo11l.; Mary 0. Blanks, Healy and Holden, 1466 Michigan ave. boul.; Louise 0. Blanks., Cottage Grove. 1466 Michigan ave. boul.; Lewis J. Block, Sheridan, 2232 vVabash ave.; Florence N. Blodgett, Clarke, 404 S. Oakley ave.; Jessie E. Blodgett, Dore, 1075 W. Jackson; Annie D. ~l. Bockius, La Salle, 1218 vVright wood ave., L. V.; Henrietta Bode, Brainard, 1010 N. Hal sted; Johanna Bode,_ Skinner, 1010 N. Halsted; l\'.[ary E. Boland, La ·sallc, 138 Eugenia; Clara D. Bolton, King, 1002 W. Monroe; Mary Bonfield, Ward, 3025 '\Vabash ave.; Johanna M. Bonne, Brighton, 2406 '\Vabash ave.; Agnes Boughan, Carpenter, 286 Warren ave. ; ~Iary J. W. Boughan, Brown, 286 Warren ave.; Kittie M. J. Bowen, Franklin_, 25 Town; Mary M. Boyce, La Salle, 480 vV eb- SCHOOL TEACHERS. 323 ster ave.; Helen W. Boyden, Lincoln, 864 N. Halsted; Hedwig F. Braasch, Anderson, 254 La Salle ave.; Ella Bracken, Skinner, 269 Illinois; Anna A. Bracken, Ogden, 269 Illinois; Braddie B. Bradford, Arnold_, 339 Dayton; Annie Braddish, Kosciusko, 7 Austin ave.; Susie N. Brad ley, Jones, 2964 S. Park ave.; Emn1a A. Brady, Arnold, 604 Sedgwick ; M. Arabella Brady, Marquette, 11 Aber deen; Mary C. Brady, 1Vebster, 1091 W. v... anBuren; Jan1es H. Brayton, vVebster, 6359 Yale; Laura T. Brayton, Skin ner, 638 W. Jackson; Sarah T. Brayton, Von Humboldt, 778 Dana Ave.; lVIary E. Brazill, McClellan, 3038 Lowe ave.; Mary 0. Brechbill, Headley, 281 Webster ave.; Agnes Brennan, Keith, 3158 "\Vabash ave.; Kittie Brennan, Jones, 133 E. Twenty-second; Harriet M. Bridgman, Wells, 782 Washington bould.; An1elia C. Briggs, Lincoln, 24 vViscon sin; Ida M. Briggs, Clarke, 237 Winchester ave.; Orville T. Bright, Douglas, 3544 Forest ave.; Adella M. Britain, Grant, 1075 vV. Jackson; Maria Brodt, Grant, 406 W. Harrison; Mary Brookins, Lawndale, Downer's Grove; Sarah A. Brooks, Haven, 1832 vVabash ave.; Rosalie Brosz, Skinner, 170 E. Indiana; Marie A. Broussais, S. & N. Div. High, 211 Thirty-second; Bridget ~L Brown, McClellan, 3156 Ulhman; En1n1a L. Brown, Central Park, 773 Wal nut; Jane D. Brown, Armour Street, 1301 W. Madison; Kate Brown, Clarke, 667 vV. Adams; Mary E. Brown, Pickard, 434 Irving pl.; ~innie A. Brown, Brenan, 3120 Butterfield; Lizzie R. Browne, Douglas, 308 Thirty-first; Mary B. Bryant, Central Park, 15 Francisco; Catherine L. Buckley, FranJdin, 638 vVells; Lizzie C. Buckley, Frank lin, 638 1V ells; Lynora L. Buckley, La Salle, 638 1Vells: Caroline Buechel, Scamn1on, 756 W. Madison; Elizabeth E. Buhmann, Moseley, 19 Mohawk; Sophia Bull, Armour Street, 186 Evergreen ave.; Mary E. Burbank, Irving, 315 Flournoy; Louise M. Burcky, Moseley, Englewood; Aggie R. Burgess, Lincoln Street, 718 Superior; Maggie E.Burke, 324 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Oakley, 871 Fulton; Mary Burke, Pearson Street, 190 Chest nut pl.;'l\,fary L. Burke, .Armour Street, 664 W. Erie; Nellie b1I. Burke, Motley, 199 N. Paulina; Annie M. Burns, Lin coln Street, 189 Park ave.; IIelen M. Burns, "\V. Thirteenth Street, 329 S. lviorgan; J\,faggie E. Burns, Kinzie, 25 Goe the; J\,Iary Burns, Washington, 194 N. lviay; lviartha A. Burrows, ,Yells, 549 ·vv. Erie; Mary E. Burt, Jones, 74 Bryant ave.; Augusta J. A. Burtch, Haven, 2929 Butter field; Lillie E. Busch, Throop, 37 vVinthrop pl.; Louise Busch, Burr_, 305 Bissell; Rose Busch, Longfellow, 37 "\Vinthrop pl.; Anna E. Bushnell, Lincoln, 24 ,vis consin; En1ma A. 1N. Butler, I(eith, N orn1al Park; Helen A. Butler, Headly, 410 Dayton; IIattie M. But terfield, Pearson Street, Oon1111ercial IIotel ; Augusta. E. Butts, vVashington, 10 S. Ada. Mary Cahill, Oak Street, 334 Hudson ave.; Mary L. Cahill, Sheridan, 62 Swift Place; Sara F. Cairns, Garfield, 498 S. Morgan; Laura R. Caldwell, W. Jackson Street, 339 ,v arren ave.; Alice E. Calvert, Webster, 4225 "T olcott ave.; Elizabeth D. Oan1pbell, Lincoln Street, 112 S. Lincoln; Ellen A. Campbell, Haven, 1911 "\Vabash ave.; J eunie 0. Campbell, Ander son, 843 N. Robey; Mary B. Campbell, Dore, 297 W. Van Buren; Celia Canaday, Carpenter, 644 vV. Jackson ; Susie 0. Canevin, Huron Street, 21 Starr; Alice B. Can·· ney, Wentworth Avenue, 191 'rwenty-Fonrth; Abbie A. Cannon, Vedder Street, 32 Goethe ; l\fary E. Cannon, Franklin, 270 N. Franklin ; Theresa A. Cannon, Franklin, 270 N. Franklin; Hannah R. Carabine, Holden, 2728 Archer ave.; 'Susie A. Carey, Throop, 529 ,V. Taylor; Ellen \V. Carpenter, Brown, 62 Park ave.; J cnnie S. Car penter, W. Thirteenth Street, 232 Ewing; Lizzie V. Carroll, Cooper, 349 Center ave.; Sarah A. F. Carroll, Foster, 207 Henry; lVIary Carson, Sheridan, Arlington Heights; Antonie J. Carstens, King, 150 "T· Randolph_; SCHOOL TEACHERS. 325

Vanilla V. Carter, Wells, 696 W. Lake; Anna S. Cary, Walsh, 373 W. Monroe ; Sophie M. Case, Hayes, 396 War ren ave.; Nellie E. Casey, Foster, 637, S. Ashland ave.; Maggie B. Casey, ,vest Thirteenth Street, 46 S. Peoria; Maggie A. Cashin, Pearson Street, 33 "\Vhiting ; Bella Cas pary, Irving, 386 Oak; Maggie M. Cassidy., Longfellow, 53 Newberry ave.; Sarah A. Cassidy, Longfellow, 53 Newberry ave.; Catharine B. lVI. Cavanah, King, 1177 Adams; Lizzie A. Cavanah, King, 1177 Adan1s; Julia A. Cavanaugh, Huron Street, 155 E. Indiana ; Georgiana Chacksfield, Lincoln Street, 7 S. Peoria; l\,fary G. Chadwick, Cottage Grove, 3632 Stanton ave.; Carrie E. Chapin, lVIoseley, Engle wood, Ill.; Ann E. Chapman, La Salle, 661 La Salle ave.; Emily A. Chapman, "\V. Jackson Street, 1239 Wilcox ave.; Susie E. Chart, Lincoln, 286 Erie.; Alice M. Chase, vV. Jackson Street, 1105 vV. Jackson; Sophie Chenoweth, lVIontefiore, 981 W. Monroe; Sara Chil vers, Foster, 110 l\Iiller; Effie l\,f. Christensen, Langland, 173 W. Indiana; Kate J. Christian, NI011tefiore, 152 N. Sanga1non; Libbie A. Christian, 1\1:ontefiore, 152 N. San gan1on; Ernn1a E. Christie, Garfield, Englewood; Kate M. H. Christopher, ,vells, 199 N. Robey; Jan1es F. Claflin, W. Division High, Lon1bard; Jennie 1\1. Clancey, Lincoln, 315 Lincoln ave.; lVIargaret A. Clancey, Brighton, 3235 Fox; l\,Iinnie N. Clancey, Ogden, 37 Beethoven pl.; Annie B. Clark, I-Ia yes, 806 Fulton; Lottie 0. Clark, Foster, 377 l\Iarshfield a Ye.; Luella IL Clark, Elizabeth Street, 651½ vVashington bould.; lviargaret F. Clark, King, 8,5'1 '\V. Jack son; Fannie E. Clarke, Ahnour Street, 853 ,rashington bould.; I-Iattie Clarke, Hayes, 602 Fulton; J en11ie Clarke, Dore, 166 Aberdeen; ~!aria P. Clay, Calun1et J\. venue, 2937 Vernon aYe.; George nL Clay berg, ,v. Division I-Iigh, 204 Dearborn ave.; Diana H. Clock, lvfontefiore, 564 W. Erie; Lizzie M. Cobb, Franklin, 372 Oak; Helen V. Cochran, Burr, Evanston; l\:'.Iartha Cochrane, Longfellow, 86 Centre 326 THE POLITICAL HISTORY O.F CH IOAGO. ave.; Esther L. Coe, Calumet Avenue, 124 Twenty-fourth; Lizzie M. Coffee, Ved1er Street, 320 ~Iohawk; Annie G. E. Cohn, Brenan, 2488 Archer ave.; Francelia Colby, Cot tage Grove, 3f53D Grand bould.; Laura G. Colby, Haven, 3639 Grand bould.; Sarah Colby, King, 8G2 \V. Adan1s; Festus C. Cole, vV. Division High, 2227 vVabash ave.; Ger trude 0. Cole, Calumet Avenue, 3139 Forest ave.; Mary T. Coleman, Kinzie, 242 Superior; Ella R. Coles, Throop, Crawford, Ill.; Susie E. Colver, McClellan, 100 Douglas ave.; Lizzie A. Con1erford, Brenan, 439 Twenty-sixth; Helen D. Compton, S. Division High, ,Voodrnff House; Robert W. Conant, Brainerd, 93 Laflin; Pauline Conde, Throop, 281 W. Monroe; Rosanna Conley, Oak Street, 219 Townsend; Sarah E. Conley, Haven, 1537 Wabash ave.; Sarah C. Connelly, Franklin, 52 E. Huron; Bessie M. Connor, vValsh, 119 Sebor; En1ilie R.. Consoer, \\Tells, 596 N. Ro bey; Ernilie If. Cook, S. Division, 2511 J\tiichigan ave.; Ida M. Cook, Brighton, cor. Fuller and Ashland ave.; Julia M. Cook, . Irving, 1152 Filln1ore ; Maggie Cook, Arnold, 136 Sen1inary ave.; Anna L. Cooke, Keith, 3531 Dearborn ; Lottie I Cooley, Wells, 685 vV. Superior; Ella J. Cooper, Headley, 256 Tremont; lVIay H. Cooper, Throop, 38 \Vinthrop place ; Ellen J\tI. Corbin, Jones, 124 Twenty-fourth ; Lizzie A. Corigan, Calumet Avenue, 3~29 Indiana ave.; J\tiary C. Cosgrove, Garfield, 826 vV. Taylor; Clara C. L. Cossar, Emerson, 334 Warren ave.; Susan E. Cougle, \Ventworth Avenue, 1337 · lVIichigan ave.; Kate Cowan, En1erson, 239 S. Robey ; Minnie R. Cowan, McClel lan, 3519 Stanton ave.;· Agnes Cox, Asst. vocal n1usic, 591 ,v. Va~ Buron ; Henry C. Cox, Pickard, 426 Irving ave.; Mary E. Crain, Moseley, 2511 l\t[ichigan ave.; Oliva A. Crane, Elizabeth Street, 16 I-Ian1ilton ave.; Helen A. Cravens, Brown, 101 ,v arren ave.; En1ma A. E. Crawford, Douglas, 3544 Forest ave.; Antonia A. Crisen, Garfield, 134 \V. Taylor; Gertrude A. Crisler, Headley, 1009 N. SCHOOL TEACHERS. 327

Clark; Mary H. Cross, Armour Street, Austin, Ill.; Julia A. Crowe, "\V entworth Avenue, 3138 Wabash ave.; Mary A. Crowe, ,v ebster, 3138 vv· abash ave.; Fannie J. Crowell, Garfield, 185 S. Sangan1011 ; Francis -L. Crun1b, Irving, 845 W. Adams; Annie ],. Cull, Pickard, 225 Sebor; Sara L. Cunningham, Oak street, 296 Dayton ; Delia Cur eton, Von Humboldt, 846 vV. Congress; 'lVIary L. Cureton, En1erson, 846 W. Congress; lVIary A. Curle, Ogden, 177 Oak ; Joanna A. Curran, 'rhroop, 310 Loon1is; lVIaggie 'A. Curran, "\V. Thirteenth Street, 310 Loon1is; En1ily C. Currier, Elizabeth Street, Oak Park, Ill.; Kate B Curtis, Walsh, 2209 Archer ave.; Leonidas A. Curtis, S. Division High, Waukegan, Ill.; Louise S. Curtis, Cottage Grove, 3418 Rhodes ave.; Marcella Cusack.:- IIayes, 706 ,v. Mon roe; Nell Cusack, Brown, 706 ,v. }Ionroe ; v.,..irginia Cusack, Irving, 706 W. lVIonroe ; Julia K. Outler, Irving, 420 S. Leavitt; Lizzie N. Cutter, La Salle, 25 \Visconsin. Sarah A. Dabbs, lVIoseley, 94 Twenty-fifth; Kate Dalton, Newberry; 1209 Se1ninary Place; lVIary E.· Daley, Cooper, 353 S. 1\ilay; Ellen T. Daly, Franklin, 29 Ontario_; Lizzie R. Daly, Ogden, 335 Ohio; Minnie E. Daly, Jefferson, 335 Ohio; Sarah A. Daly, Holden, 106 Shern1an; lVIarthaJ. Dan forth, Brown, 342 1.N arren ave.; Mary E. Danforth, Jones, Englewood,Ill.; Mary M. D. Dannehy, ,v ells, 207 N·. Robey; Ed,vard E. Darrow South Division, I-Iigh, 2429 Prairie ave.; Justina David, Franklin, 211 vVells; En1ma F. Da vis, Marquette, 901 ,v. Jackson; niary A. Davis, "\Vest Jackson Street, 115 Colorado ave.; 1\iiary E. Davis, Kosci usko, 170 Albany ave.; Maggie E. Davy, Carpenter, 160 N. May; 1\1:ary E. Davy, Pranklin, 326 N. Franklin; N el lie M. Davy, vVells, 160 N. lVIay; ...t-\.nnie S. Dawson, Ar nold, 732 Sedgwick; niary H. Dean, Polk Street, 185 S. Morgan; Sophia L. Dean, Armour Street, 16 Ogden ave.; Catherine .A. Decler, La Salle, 180 Goethe; Lettie S. Decker, Garfield, 294 Center ave. ; Nettie G. Decker, .Ar- 328 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. nold, 1643 Belmont ave., L. V.; Catherine Deggeller, Og~ den, 936 N. Halsted; Annie Degnan, Burr, 194 Carroll ave.; Susie E. De Goode, Brainard., 469 S. Robey; Marc Delafontaine, West Division IIigh, 64 Park ave.; Addie J. DeLano, Wells, 248 Ohio; Bessie Del Banco, Emerson & Elizabeth, 25 Walnut; Miriam Del Banco, E1nerson, 2-5 Walnut; Arvilla C. DeLuce, )Vest Jackson Street, 193 S. California ave.; l\tlary A. DeLuce, West Jackson Street, 193 S. California ave.; Agnes E. Dew, Arnold, 381 Day ton; Electa E. Dewey, Calumet Avenue, 2921 Vernon ave.; Ella A. Dewey, Skinner, 364 ~r. Monroo; Frances E. M. Dewey,, Carpenter, 11 S. Ada; Jan1es R. Dewey, West Di vision High, 27 S. Ashland ave.; lVIary J. Dewey, Healy, 2921. Vernon ave.; lVI. Adelia Dickinson, Brown, 98 War ren ave.; Nellie L. Dickson, Scamn1on, La Grange, Ill.; Elizabeth F. Dimock, Sp. 'l'eacher Drawing, 422 Washing ton bou.; Lydia A. Dimon, North Di vision High, 160 Dearborn ave.; Clara L. Dixon, Douglas., 299 Fifth ave.; Kate Dixon, Huron Street, 237 La Salle ave.; Agnes E. Dodd, Brenan, 2524 Fifty-third, I-I. P.; lHargaret T., Dodd, Kinzie, Hyde Park; Chester C. Dodge, Oakley_, 726 vVashington bould. _; l\f.. Luella Dodge, Shelclon, 183 I-Iowe;. Maggie S. Dodge, Healy, 3026 Fifth ave.; l\fedora E. Dodge, Newberry, 183 I-Iowe; Will C. Dodge, \Vicker Park, 739 N. Hoyne ave.; Agnes ..M:. Donahue, Kinzie, 119 Ontario; Louise J. Donahue, Foster, 382 Blue Island ave.; Kate A. Donegon, Thon1as Hoyne, 545 La Salle ave.; l\finnie E. Donoghue, Sheldon, 323 Chicago ave.; Theresa C. Donog hue, Ogden, 323 Chicago ave.; Genevieve L. Dooley, Burr, 565 Austin ave.'; l\iiinnie Doubek, Carpenter, 381 Fulton; Jean Dougall, Ogden, 45 Cedar; l\iiargaret Dougall, Oak Street, 45 Cedar; l\'.[argart F. Dougherty, La Salle, 205 N. Market; Cora E. S. Downer, Keith, 337 S. Leavitt; Au gusta L. Downs, I-Iayes, 008 W. Monroe; Clara G. Downs, Hayes, 908 W. Monroe; Ada A. Dresbach_, I-Ieadley, 776 SCHOOL TEACHERS. 329

Washington bould.; Laura K. Dresser, Raymond, 3136 In diana ave.; Flora V. Dryfuss, Brenan, 3227 Forest ave.; Mary F. Duck, Foster, 323 S. Paulina; .A.lice Duffield, Cottage Grove, 3020 Groveland ave.; May C. Duffin, Jones, 2322 Michigan ave. ; Anna M. Duffy, Polk Street, 422 W. Jackson; Frances B. Dunbar, Moseley, Engle wood; Mary E. Dunbar, Von Humboldt, 248 E. Ohio; Mary Dunlap, W. Thirteenth Street, 640 W. Jackson; Therese W. Dunlap, Clarke, 640 W. Jackson; Lizzie J. Dunn, Pearson Street, 263 N. lVIarket; l\tf ary F. Dunn, Longfellow, 298 Loomis; Amelia NI. Dunne, Scammon, 34½ Laflin; Kate F. Dunne, Scamn1on, 34½ Laflin; Mary l\tl. Dunton, Emerson, 417 Warren ave.; Nellie Dunton, Grant, 417 Warren ave.; Henrietta Dupuy, Newberry, 306 Belden ave.; Eva C. Durbin, Soutb Division High, 3208 Prairie ave.; Sophia Dnrhan1, l\Ioseley, 2415 Michigan ave.; Lucy Dnschner, Burr, 310 Bissell; l\;finnie J. Dwyer, Garfield, 40 Newberry ave. ; Ella J. Dymond, Polk Street, 1060 Wilcox ave.; Hattie Dynan, Lawndale, Crawford; Minnie M. Early, Throop, 1021 lVIadison; Dora Eaton, Foster, 232 S. Paulina; Sarah J. Eaton, N ?wberry, 57 Wieland; Francisca Ebel, "\Ventworth 1-\.. venue, 2406 Wabash ave.; I-Ielena I. Eckstorn1, Arnold, 901 Larrabee, L. ·y.; Sophie A. Eckstonn. Newberry, 901 Larrabee, L. V.; l\Ia rietta Edington, King, 422 S. Oakley ave.; Clara E. Eddy, Ward, 2532 Dearborn; Katherine Eiles, Langland, 163 Ar111itage ave.; Isabel I. Eckstron1, Arinour Street, 408 vV. Ohio; l\Iathilcle Eliel, I-Iaven, 1234 Indiana ave.; Kate Elli111an, Antlei1 sen, 701 W. Lake; Emily Elliott, Scanunon, 935 "\V. llarrison; :Nfary A. Elliott, Irving, 231 S. \Vestern ave., Rosa A. Elting, Oak Street, 395 N. State; Louise C. W. Ehvell, Brainard, 45 Can1pbell Park; Edith l\L Embry, Burr, 518 Ha1·rison; Adele lL En1ery, 1Vebster, 3238 Dear born; Gertrude E. English, Garfield, 295 W. Taylor; Jane P. English, Foster, 295 ,v. Taylor; Mary E. English,. 330 THE POLITICAL :IUSTORY OF CHICAGO.

Thomas Hoyne, 96 Dearborn ave.; Anastasia Ennis, Kinzie, 383 Division; Emma Eschenburg, Carpenter, 669 La Salle; Elizabeth Evans., Lawndale, Central Park ave.; Grace E. Evans Skinner, 390 W. Adams; Kate A. Evans, Clarke, 8 Eldridge ct.; Huldah Everitt, Ogden, 349 N. Clark; Clementine Faber, J on~s, 99 Thirty-seventh; En1ily W. Fairman, Elizabeth Street, 64 St. John's pl.; Mary A. Farnhan1, Cottage Grove, 132 Thirty-fifth; Cora A. Farnsworth, Jefferson, 213 Flournoy; Fannie T. Farrel, Vedder Street, 370 Sedgwick; Elizabeth l\L Farson, Brown, 134 Warren ave.; Nora lVI. Farson, Clarke, 134 Warren ave.; Rebecca lVI. Farson, Haven, 134 Warren ave.; Ella M. Faucette, vVard, 3002 Wabash ave.; Bertha ],einberg, Moseley, 3255 Vernon ave.; lVIinnie Feldkamp, Skinner, :303 ,v. ,ran Buren; En1n1a B. Fe11i1nore, Ward, 3208 In diana ave.; Martha P. Fenimore, lVIoseley, 3208 Indiana .ave.; 'Jessie l\L Fergus, Ogden, 69 Pine; Kate Ferguson, Pickard, 771 ,v. Congress; lVIarion Ferguson, Pickard, 771 1.V. Congress; Alice E. Field, Gar:fieid, 336 Park ave.; Lizzie G. Finkler, Franklin, 32 Delaware pl.; Eveline Fischer, Arnold, 642 Sedgwick; Louise Fischer, McClellan, 3514 vVentworth ave.; Carrie T. G. Fish,,Cottage Grove, 3144 Indiana ave,; Josephine G. Fish, ,v. Fourteenth Street, Blue Island; Lida Fisher, Motley, 142 S. Ashland ~ve.; Maggie A. Fisher, Oakley, 167 S. Green; Minnetta Fish e~, Kosciusko, 188 N. Center ave.; Ottilie L. Fisher, ·Lin eoln Street, 188 N. Center ave.; Franklin P. Fisk, West Division High, 521 ,v. Adan1s; Lizzie l\L Fitzgerald, Mar ·quette, 114 Winchestei· ave.; 1Iary E. FitzGerald, Headley, 24 '\Vis_consin; Mary A. Fitzpatrick, Thomas Hoyne, 50 Cass; Sarah 0. Flagg, Elizabeth Street, Norwood Park, Ill.; Edith B. Flagler, J\iarquette: 1020 "\V. Adan1s; Sarah A. Flen1ing, Longfellow, 356 W. Congress; Sarah G. Flen1- ing, Newberry, 1016 N. Halsted; Hattie E. Fletcher, Keith, 2232 Indiana ave.; Tammie E. Flowers, ,r. Four- SCHOOL TEACHERS. ;Ju•) •.) 1 teenth Street, 174 S. Sangamon; Joanna E. Foley, Ray mond, 2028 Dearborn; Elizabeth A. Foltz, Moseley, 2213 Michigan ave.; Katharine Fomhof, West Jackson Street, 1158 W. Jackson ; Bertha Fontayne, Raymond, 3210 For est ave.; Ida Fontayne, Raymond, 3210 Forest ave.; ..BJdith \V. Foi·bes, Healy, Englewood, Ill.; 1Iary E. Forbes, IIealy, 6252 School_, Englewood ; Charles H. Ford, "\Vest Jackson Street, 1326 "\V. Adan1s; Kate E. Ford, Motley, 176 N. Desplaines ; Blanche Foreman, "\Ventworth A venue, 3132 Vernon ave.; Auguste J. Forster, Andersen, 727 N. I-Ioyne ave.; l\falwine Forster, Wells, 727 N. Hoyne ave.; l\faggie F. Fortune, Ward, 2915 Shields ave.; Lizzie l\tl. Foss, Von Hun1bold t, 269 Bissell ; Alice E. Fox, Lincoln, 293 Or chard; Lizzie T. II. Frazier, l\1:cOlellan, 3120 Parnell ave.; Grace L. Freei11an, Elizabeth Street, 47 S. Sanga111on; Sarah L. Freiberger, Webster, 3026 Indiana ave.; Linnie Freiberger, llaven, 2916 Calumet ave.; Charles W. French, \Vest Division High, 647 ,v ashington bould.; Emily L. French, Ward, 64 Twenty-third ; Belle M·. Freund: Polk Street, 489 S. Jefferson ; Alice A. Freund, Langland, 869 N. Leavitt; Agnes M. H. Friedel, King, 121 S. Sangamon; ifary Friend, King, 630 \V. l\tionroe ; Emilie Frisbie, "\Valsh, 539 Leavitt; 1-Ielen M. Frisbie, Pickard, 539 Leav itt; Emn1a l\L A. Fron1n1ann, La Salle, 40 Sidney ct. n. Diversey ave.; Ida Fromn1ann, Scammon, 49 Sidney ct. n. Diversey ave.; Elsa Fuchs, Throop, 195 La Salle ave.; Lillian Fullager, Garfield, 7 S. Peoria ; Ida R. Fuller, Oak Street, 225. Oak; :Wiary Furey, 1Iarquette, 278 Can1p bell ave. ; Hattie S. Furney~ Cottage Grove, 179 Thirty seventh ; Sarah J. F. Fnrthn1ann., Lincoln, 575 Orchard, L. V. Annie Galbraith, Oak Street, 215 Townshend; NL Lou ise G. Garcia, Newberry, 210 Center; Avi E. Garrison, l(eith, 3218 State ; Amanda P. Gates, Dore, vVashington Hei.g·hts, Ill.; Cecelia M. Gavin, Anderson, 65 Walnut; 332 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Kate L. Gavin, Anderson, 65 Walnut; Etta Q. Gee, Frank lin 222 Chestnut Place ; Pauline Geib, Newberry, 99 Orchard ; Lizzie B. Gemmell, Marquette, 540 vV. Jack son; Maggie Gemmell, Irving, 540 W. Jackson; Emma Geselbracht, Kinzie, 176 La Salle ave.; Anna M. Gibbons, Healey, 3036 Dashiel ; Celia S. Gibbons, Polk Street, 135 Lytle; Lizzie A. Gibbons, Arn1our Streer, 304 Austin ave. Mary Althea Gibbons, La Salle, 17'60 Frederick, L. V.; Mary Angela Gibbons, Armour Street, 304 Austin ave.; Sarah M. Gibbs, King, 1099 ,Y. Jackson; :O:Iary E Gilbert, Brighton, 246 E. Twenty-eighth ; Susan Gilbert, Cooper, 743 W. Congress ; Maggie S. Gill, Franklin, 297 Chicago ave.; Jennie E. Gillespie, Foster, 235 Ewing ; Anna E. Gillett, Moseley, Kenosha, vVis.; Jessie L. \V. Gillis, Ogden, Ninety-first, S. Ch_icago ; Celia l\L Giln1ore, J e:fferson, 468 Marshfield ave.; En1ma 0. Giln1ore, Clarke, 468 Marshfield ave.; Minnie vV. Gills, Oakley, 295 Fulton ; An1anda Gimbel, West Division High, 2839 Indiana ave.; Lillian Glanz, Von I-Iun1boldt, 36 Bryson; Annie J, Glenn_, Wentworth Avenue, 3837 ,ventworth ave.; Annie C. Gog gin, Franklin, 123 Erie ; Catharine Goggin, Jones, 282 Idaho ; Lizzie M. Goggin, Franklin, 599 Clybourn ave.; Angie E. Goode, IIeadley, 327 Racine ave.; Ella Good- 1nan, Cottage Grove, 145 Twenty-first; Carrie L. Good now, Skinner, 18;7 S. Oakley ave.; Nellie 0. Goodnow, 1Iarquette, 187 S. Oakley ave.; Niillie A. Goodsn1ith, o·gden, 318 State ; Eveline Goold, l\fnrquette. 1013 ,v. Tuionroe ; Isabel F. Goold, Brown, 1013 ,v. l\Ionroe ; l\f ary E. Gormley, v,Vashington, 347 vV. Indiana··; Elizabeth l\L Gorringe, Newberry, 711 Larrabee ; Emrr1a Gofan, South - Division High, 2359 . S. Park ave.; Elsie H. Gould, Vedder Street, 435 La Salle ave.; Luna E. Gowdy, Cottage Grove, 3410 Rhodes ave.; Susan J. Grace, West Division lligh, 220 l\farsh:field ave. ; Kittie E. Gra,ham, Headley, 38 Bryant ave.; Mattie Grahan1, SCHOOL TJI~.A.CHERS. 333

Cooper, 650 W. Twelfth; Mirian1 L. Graham, Clarke, 650 "\V. Twelfth; Annie S. Grant, Keith, Woodruff Hotel; Sarah R. Grant, Douglas, 2941 Indiana ave.; Nellie Green, Dore, 83 N. Curtis; Lillian E. Greene, vVells, 466 ,V. Randolph; 11ary Greene, West Thirteenth Street, 336 "\V. Polk; En1ma l\L 0. Greenleaf, ,Ventworth ave., 6557 Mary L. Greenleaf, Jones, Oak Park, Ill.; Tilly Greifen hagen, Cooper, 173 Blue Island ave.; Fanny A. Griffin, Hayes, 256 S. _.i\..shland ave.; Mary E. Griffin, Scammon, 162 S. Desplaines; lVIargaret M. Gubbins, Headley, 767 Racine ave., L. V.; Julia Gunderson, Kosciusko, 393 W. Erie; Eugenie F. Guth, Garfield, 402 vV. Congress. En1ma O. IIaas, Throop, 15 Blue Island ave.; Ralph J. Haase, Burr, 210 Waubansia ave.; Ida\lVI. Haberland, Andersen, 533 N. Ashland ave. ; Patty A. Hack, New berry, 201 Lincoln ave.; Frieda Haeger, En1erson, 365 W. Taylor; Bessie Haines, l\'Iarquette, 288 S. Ashland ave.; niiary B. Ilaire, Ogden, 52 Lincoln ave.; Bella M. Halket, Carpenter, 281 Park ave.; l\1argaret IIalket, l\'Iontefiore, 281 Park ave.; Alfarata R. Hall, l\'Iarquette, 224 S. Paul ina; Annie R. Hall, McClellan, 3016 Vernon ave.; En10- gene E. B. Hall, Skinner, 93 Laflin; Lizzie T. C. IIanun, Walsh, 53(3. "\V. Jackson; Magdalene Handt, Longfellow & Ilolden, 183 ,V. Randolph; Roberta W. I-Ianna, Elizabeth Street, 227 S. Lincoln; Annie G. Hannan, Throop, :264 Henry; Kate Hannan, I-I~yes, 1026 ,v. lVIonroe; n'lary Hannan, King, 1026 ,v. 1Ionroe; Mary F. IIannan, Throop, 264 Henry; Etta Hannahs, Webster, 3158 vVabash ave.; Mary C: F._ Hanning, Thon1as Hoyne, 211 La Salle ave., Dagn1ar Hansen, McClellan, 59 University pl.; _Annie I. Hanson, Burr, 230 N. ~Iay; Hermann IIanstein, Special Teacher Drawing, 361 Mohawk; Katie A. Hanton, Headley, 83 Racine ave.; Anna Harder, Marquette, 534 ·\"\tells; Nellie llardick, King, 145 S. Western ave.; .A.gnes M. 1-Iardinge, LaSalle, 7iO Wells; Rachel Hargrove, 334 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Pickard., 2~7 Moore; Mary A. Harkin, Armour Street., 658 W. Ohio; ,villiam Harkins, North Division High, 147 Throop; Jennie W. Harkness, Skinner, 708 "\V. Adams; Hattie 0. Hartmann, Thos. Hoyne, 350 State; Nellie E. Harnett, Ward, 12 · Ray ave.; Mary S. L. Hartigan, "\Vash ington, 456 vV. Ohio; Lizzie L. Hartnei, Franklin, 459 • North ave.; Letitia M. Harvey, Bro-wn, 50 S. Sheldon; Celia P. Hatch, Ward, 3018 Indiana ave.; Victorine M. Havenhill, Raymond, 3743 Forest ave.; Antonia I-Iower kamp, Franklin, 139 Oak; Mary I-Iowerkan1p, Jones, 139 Oak; Lily S. Hawley, Throop., 408 W. Congress; Ella J. Hawthorne, Wentworth Avenue, 122 Twentieth; 1\1:arie A. Hayes, Walsh, 730 Throop; Mary E. Hayes, ,v ells, 434 W. Ohio; Sarah Hayes, Brainard, 636 \V. Sixteenth; Har riett F. Hayward, Clarke, 129 S. Peoria; Laura Hayward, Garfield, 129 S. Peoria; Susan M. Hayward, Clarke, 129 S. Peoria; Florence ~- Hazard, Raymond, 2925 Wabash ave.; En1ma J. Heath, Burr, vVinnetka, Ill.; George W. Heath, Ogden, Winnetka, Ill.; Celia I-lefter, Haven, 1415 Michigan ave.; Eugenia Hegan, ,v entworth Avenue, 218 Twenty-ninth; Mary Hegan, Healy, 218 Twenty-ninth; Theo. L. Hegan, Cottage Grove, 218 Twenty-ninth; Clara Heidenheimer, La Salle, 695 N. Park ave.; Luella Hein roth, Calumet Avenue, 216 Twenty-ninth; Othelia T. Heller, Cooper, 628 Blue Island ave.; Nellie F. Hender son, New berry, 663 Sedgwick; Mary A. I-I ennigan, Frank lin, 27 E. Erie; Mary D. Henning, ,v. Fourteenth Street, 138 Barber; Carrie J. I-Ienrickson, Kosciusko, 423 ,v. In diana; Dora I-Ieuerm.ann, Throop, 120½ Clybourn ave.; Emma J. A. 'Heuermann, Newberry, 120½ Olybourn ave.; Minna Heuern1ann, Headley, 120½ Clybourn ave.; Frank S. Heywood, Lincoln, 708 Fullerton ave.; Mary B. Hib bard, Vedder Street, 245 La Salle ave.; David F. Hicks, ,vest Division High, 1034 "\V. Monroe; 1\1:aggie l\L Hickey, Brighton, 3089 Lyman; Addie E. Hiestaµd, Jeff~rson, SCHOOL TEACHERS=.

749 W. Harrison; Emily L. Hiestand, O1arke, 749 W. Harrison ; Mary E. Higbee, Kinzie, 301 Illinois;. Clara E. HighJ, West Division High, 273 W. Van Buren; Jennie Higgins, ,v ells, 349 Paulina; Katie Higgins, "\Veb ster, 2923 Broaid; Della L. IIildreth, Anderson, 907 W. Harrison; Fred A. Hilliard, Wells, 518 W. Harrison; Clara M. Hinchman, Jefferson, 149 S. Morgan; Hattie L. Hinchman, Cooper,. 1491 S. Morgan; Minna Hink, Ray n1ond, 593 N ~ Clark ; Amalia Hirschfeld, Oakley, 17 Grant; Sue C. H:i!se, Raymond, 3222 Indiana ave.; Helen B. Hofin1an, Cottage Grove, 381 7 Johnson pl. ; Alice A. Hogan, Throop, 21 vVmthrop pl.; Joanna E. Hogan, Shel don, 73 Hill; Kate L. Holden, Brown, 17 4 vV arren ave. ; Mary E. I-Iolligan, vV. Fourteenth Street, 206 Maxwell; Anna M. Holn1es, Anderson, 691 Seymour ; Dena L. Holn1es, La Salle, 62 Wisconsin; Mary L. Holmes, Eliza beth Street, 925 W. Harrison;· Carrie Homan, Marquette, 29 Aldine sq.; Emn1a Hooke, Newberry, 305 Webster ave.; Mary J. Hooley., Foster, 492 S. Union; Emily Hopf, vVells, 7 Samuel; Josephine L. Hopkins, Moseley, 2813 Calumet ave.; Nellie T. Horan, Webster, 3220 Dearborn; S. Annie Horlock, Sheridan, 2528-Calumet ave.; J. Anna G. Hornby, Scammon, 18 N. Throop; Julia C. Howe, Emerson, 119 N. Ashland ave.; Lydia Howe, Scammon, 215 S. Peoria; Thekla Hoyer, Irving 15 S. Sheldon; Anna L. Hubbel, Grant, 1055 Wilcox ave .. ; Isabelle E. Hudson, Central Park, 873 Park ave.; Frances M. Hughes, Armour Street, 354 Vv. 1-Iuron; Edith Huguenin, West Division High, 531 La Salle ave.; Virginia Huguenin, Franklin, 531 La Salle ave.; Laura E. Hull, King, 451 S. Leavitt; Lizzie IIull, La Salle, Lake View, Ill.; Anna E. Hundt, Thomas Hoyne, 184 La Salle ave.; Ellen A. Hunt, Newberry, 24- ,visconsin; Frances C. Hurd, Jefferson, 925 W. Harrison, ~Iary L. Hurley, La Salle, 345 N. Franklin; Mary Hyland, Kosciusko,. 280, W .. Ohio ... 336 THE POLITICAL. HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Lillian Ingalls, Arn1our ·Street, 558 Austin ave. ; Maud J1J. Ingersoll, Keith, 3158 Fo1~est ave.; Helen C. Ingran1, '- J e:fferson, 1072 Wilcox ave.; Fannie M. Isham, Elizabeth Street, 218 ,v arren ave. G. Ovedia Jacobs, l\fotley, 170;-·N. Morgan; M:iry E. Jairen, Polk Street, 353 N. Market; ~Iarguerite G. Jan1es, l\Ioseley, 311 'fhirtieth; Alice W. Jameson, "\V. Fourteenth Street, 859 ,v. Adams; Amelia Jampolis, Vedder Street, 392 Larrabee ; Frances S. J eneson, Brown, Maywood, Ill.; lVIinnie E. J eneson, vVells, JVIay-wood, Ill.; Agatha A. Jen nings~ Walsh, 145 Aberdeen; Belle T. Jennings, Irving, 1012 'N. Monroe; M. Imogene Jennings, Longfellow, 145 Aberdeen ; l\fary F. Jephson, I-Iealey, 2531 "'vV entworth .ave.; Mina D. Jenson, Newberry, 158 Howe ; Anna Johnson, Webster, 3922 Indiana ave.; Calla S. Johnson, King, 1091 W. Jackson ; Cecelia Johnson, Sheridan, 3922 Indiana ave.; Eleanor B. Johnson, Douglas, 34 73 Cornell ave., H.P.; Eliza A. Johnson, West Jackson Street, 267 Campbell ave.; Hattie A. Johnson, Carpenter; 297 Hermi tage ave.; Lena P. Johnson, Cottage Grove, 3727 Langley ave.; Lorena M. Johnson Ogden, 426 Oak ; Sarah B. John .son Pearson Street, 361 Dayton; Harriet P. Johnston, Cottage grove, 1205 E. Forty-third ; Lucia Johnston, J ef ferson~ 181 Park ave.; JVIary F. Johnston, Holden, D~xter ave.; near Ashland ave.; Claude M. Jones, Skinner, 254 W. Congress ; Mary E. Jones, West Division High, 261 Warren ave.; Mary J. Jones, Skinner, 254 W. Congress, vVinifred E. Jones, Dore, 254 vV. Congress ; Katie J osephi, Ward, 139 Twenty-sixth ; Isabel T. Joy, Franklin, 228 Sedgwick; Nellie Joy, Franklin, 228 Sedgwick; En1ily L. Joyce, Foster, 120 Henry ; Libbie Joyce, Lincoln, 412 Center ; Lizzie J usti, Burr, 196 Center ave. Lydia Kaiser, Motley and Carpenter, 1735 Diversey; Lena Kalisky, West Jackson Street, 462 W. Randolph; .Minna Kambli, Franklin, 63 Goethe; Loretta Kane, Lang- SCHOOL TEACHERS. 337 land, 984 N. Leavitt; lVIaggie A. Kane, Brighton, 1528 Douglas ave.; 1\ifary T. Kavanagh, Wentworth A vetiue, 240 Shern1an; Alice E. Kearns, ,va1sh, 116 vV. Jackson; Sarah J. B. I(earsley, Brenan~ 2834 l\Iain; Lizzie A. Kelley, Brenan, 2724 flickory; I-I. An1elia Kellogg, Douglas, 37 Oak ave.; Nlinnie P. F. l{ellogg, vVentworth Avenue, Indiana ave.; lv!ary E. Kelly, I-Iolden, 2957 Deering; .,.rheresa Kelly, Polk Street, 219 Laflin; Ella lVI. Kelter, Montefiore, 14011 Filmore; Anna O. Kel-wig, Franklin, 76 Sedgwick; Lizzie M. Kennedy, Skinner, 697 Washington bould.; Annie D. Kenny, Franklin, 298 E. Superior; }\,fary .E. Kent. "\Vard, 191 Twenty-fourth pl.; Annie J. Ker rigan, Holden, cor. Gage and Thirty-sixth; Mary E. Kessell, ,vest Fourteenth Street, 259 W. Fourteenth; Carrie O. Kevan, ,v ells, 492 ,v. Superior; Ida M. G. Kewley, Douglas, 3111 Wabash ave.; Annie Kilie, Polk Street, 69 Ewing; Ellen Kilie, Garfield, 69 Ewing; Cecilia E. Kilroy, Sheldon, 121 Ontario; Ida A. Kirnball, Holden, 3025 Cottage Grove ave.; Annie E. King, Brighton, 3232 Paulina; Fa11ny J. ;I{ii1g, Hayes, 277 Park ave., Isabella King, Moseley, 2827 ,v abash ave.; Mary A. Kingsley, Brown, Park Ridge, Ill.; Sallie E. Kinsella, Headley, 339 F. Indiana; Alfred Kirk, Moseley, 2312 Wabash ave.; Lizzie Kirk, 1\1:oseley, 2312 V{ abash ave.; Dora H. Kirkeby, ,vashington, 100 Park; Sarah A. Kirkley, Montefiore, 6 Union Park pl.; Carrie K. Kirschner, Washington and Lincoln Streets, 777 N. \Vood; ~Iary L. Kissell, l\tiosely, ~413 Prairie ave.; Amalia Klare, Douglas, 70 N. Clark; Sena Klein, Polk Street, 509 ,v. Congress; Lina Kleinpell, Hayes, 325 Lincoln ave. ; Emma Kniepde, Webster, 187 Twenty-second; Julia A. Knight, Walsh, 373 vV. Monroe; Ida L. Knudson, Burr, 6 vV. Ohio; Jennie C. Knudson, Langland, 6 vV. Ohio; Mary T. Koehle, .Arnold, 395 Dayton; Margaret M. Koerper, Lincoln, 1329 Lill ave., L. V.; Elizabeth Kolb, ,v ard, 69 Hill; Louise F. Koll- 22 338 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO. morgen, Garfield, 3224 Graves pl.; Fannie E. P. Kraft-~ Sherida.i, Jefferson, Ill.; Minerva H. Kreamer, Thomas Hoyne, 92 N. Wells; Elise Krieger, Pickard, 47 Moore; Lillie F. Krigger, Motely, 883 Fulton; Agnes Krixler, 2925½ Groveland . ave.; Louisa Kroeber, Headley, 47 S. Franklin; M. Eugenia, Kyle, Armour Street, 409 W. Indiana. Hattie E. Laing, ~Iarquette, 610 · W. Van Buren; Lucy Laing, Jefferson, 610 W. Van Buren; Antonia Lakay, Thomas Hoyne and Ogden, 393 Wells; Mary LaLande,. Fost~r., 209 Maxwell; Charlotte Lamb, La Salle, 508 Wells;· Grace A_. Lamb, Thon1as Hoyne, 334 Warren ave.; Ida. Lizzie Lamb, Headley, 236 Bissell; Margaret R. La Monte., Calun1et Avenue, 3138 S. Park ave.; Abbie E. Lane·, Douglas, 3550 Forest ave.; Annie Annette Lang, Arnold., 299 .E. Chicago ave. ; Clara A. L. Lang, Vedder Street, 299 E. Chicago ave.; Marie C. Lange, Hayes, 158 Park ave.; En1n1a L. Lantry, Kosciusko, 714 Wells; James W. Larimore, North Division High, 454 La Salle ave.; Julia S. Latin1er, South n·ivision High, 2448 Prairie ave.; Mary J. Law, Douglas, 944 E. Thirty-ninth; Ellen Leadwith,. Jones, 1824 State; Susan D. Leary, Webster, 3136 Emerald ave.; Annie Evelyn Ledden., Cooper, 323 Loomis; Helen C. Ledden, Jefferson, 323 Loomis ; Emily Lee, Sca~mon, 394 W. Jackson; Mary E. Le Febvre, Oakley, 962 Warren ave.; Alice R. Legge, Von Humboldt, 67 Fowler; Mary P. Leiferman, Oakley, 1301 Michigan ave.; Lillie Lein, Wells, 592 W. Huron; Bridget T. Lennon, Foster, 2957 Deering; Helen ,v. Lester., Jones., 282 Idaho; Julia E. P. Lester, Cottage Grove; 3143 Groveland ave.; Anna H. "\Y. Letter mann, McClellan, 420 Thirty-first; Emma M. Letz, Car penter, 812 W. Jackson; Cora E. Lewis, Webster, Blue Island, Ill.; Rose A. Lewis, Longfellow, 248 W. Congress; Louise C. Litka, Huron Street, 295 Fulton; Luella V. Little, Garfield, 283 W. Adams; Christine Livingston., SCHOOL TEACHERS. 339

Brown, 375 1Vinchester ave.; Mary E . .Livingston, Brown, 375 "\iVinchester ave.; Emma Lloyd, Montefiore, 326 Fulton, Sara M. Lloyd, Brainard, 529 Oakley ave.; Hannah B. Locke, Skinner, 451 W. Jackson; Clara Lonergan, Jeffer son, 250 Laflin; l\!Iaggie T. Lonergan, Cooper, 250 Laflin, Anna E. Long, 1\1:arquette, 84 Loomis ; Florence Long, Dore, 89 S. Paulina ; John H. Loomis,' Wells, 11 Bishop ct.; Gertrude V. Lord, Scammon, 91 Laflin; Mary L. Lord, West Division High, 142 De Kalb; Martha J. Lou don, Jones, 101 Thirty-seventh; Carrie Louise Lovejoy, Pearson Street, 254 La Salle ave.; Sophronia A. Lovelace, Scammon, 320 Fulton; Mary Lowe, Washington, 99 N. Centre Ave.; Eliza Lundegreen, Von Humboldt, 916 N. California ave.; Frances Lundegreen, von Humboldt, 916 N. California ave.; Charlotte Lundh, l\!Iontefiore, 459 W. Huron; Fannie E. Lynch, Oak Street, 20 Twomey; Mary E. Lynch, Wells, 452 Fulton; Annie M. Lynde, Huron Street, Waukegan, Ill.; Della A. L. Lynn, Kinzie, 133 N. Market. Marion L.- W. MacClintock, South Division High, Blue Island ave.; Alfonso E. MacDonald, McClellan, 59 U niver sity pl.; Belle H. MacDonald, Montefior~, 739 Carroll ave.; Jennie Mac Whorter, Ass't Sp. Teacher Drawing; 196 N. State; Abbie G. M0Allister, Mosley, Englewood, IlL;. Margaret L. lVIcAuley, Keith, 2222 Wabash ave.; Isabella McBeath, Carpenter, 402 Washington Boul

McClure, Elizabeth Street, 259 Warren ave.; Catherine A. l\,fcCoart, Sheldon, 353 N. Market; Maggie B. McCol l nm, Longfellow, 252 ,V. Thirteenth; Annie M. B. 1\1:c Oonville, Rayn1ond, 3134 Butterfield; l\I. Josephine Mc Conville, Ward, 3134 Butterfield; Rose F. 0. McOonville, Raymond, 3134 Butterfield; Anna A. lVI. McCorquodale, Scamn1on, 30 Park ave.; Anna L. McCuen, Raymond, 3541 l\1ichigan ave.; Emn1a A. H. McDermott, Jones, 1205 State; Sarah A. l\IcDonald, Wicker Park, 202 Erie; Frances vV. McDonnell, Vedder Street, 256 N Franklin; Mary G. McDougall, ,Vells, 671 Van Buren; Jennie N. McDowell, Mosley, 2358 Dearborn; J nlia P. McEachron, Douglas, 3728 Calumet ave.; Minnie E. EcElligott, Hol den, 2822 Bonfield; Sadie L. l\I cElligott, Brenan, 2822 Bonfield; Grace E. lVIcFarland, Cooper, 294 Marshfield ave.; Clara H. McFarlin, Sheridan, 3047 Groveland ave.; Katie B. McGarty. Throop, 85 S. Jefferson; Annie T. 1\1:cGeary, Wicker Park, 795 Dickson ; l\ifary F. M. McGee, Carpen ter, 718 N. Shober; Annie M. A. McGetrick, Pearson Street, 59 Whiting; Lizzie A. l\'1cGillen, Arnold, 967 N. Halsted; A. Terese McGinley., Scanunon, 396 W. Jackson; Julia McGrane, Oak Street, 145 E. Division ; Mary T. McGrath, Keitb., 498 Thirty-seventh; l\Iay E. McGregor, Skinner, 692 ,v. Monroe ; Thf:H'esa L. l\tlcGuire, Ki~1zie, 290 E. Indiana; Lula M. Mcllenry, Garfield, 185 S. San gamon; Lavinia H. McIntosh, Dore, 113 ,V-arren ave.; Minnie E. :McIntyre, Lawndale, Hinsdale, Ill.; M. Nelly McKain, Webster, 390 Thirty.. fifth ; Francis M. McKay, ,v ashington, 134 vVar·ren ave.; Jennie S. McKay, Cooper, 293 M~rshfield ave.; Jennie McKenzie, Garfield, 2.35 Max well; Martha A. H. McKenzie, Arn1our Street, 917 Ful ton ; J"ennie J. McKeon, Garfield, 362 ,V. Polk ; Lizzie A. McKeon, Dore, 362 ,V. Polk ; Margaret McKeon, Pearson Street, 133 Vedder; Isabel McLaren, Headley, 24 vViscon sin; Maggie E. McLaughlin, vVells, 144 N. vVestei n ave.; SCHOOL TEACHERS. 341

Agnes McLean, Pickard, 170 S. Peoria; Lizzie M. McLean, Pickard, 170 S. Peoria; Katie E. McMahon, Wicker Park, 267 W. Monroe; Lizzie L. MclVIanus, Polk Street, 447 S ~ Halsted; Marilla A .. McMillen, Raymond, 3524 Vernon ave.: Alice S. lVIcN anley, West Thirteenth Street, 311 W. Thirteenth; Sophie E. Maack, Douglas, 3118 Indiana ave.; Belle G. Mackie, Pearson Street, 720 Wells ; Marian lVIack way, Pearson Street, 379 Center; Nellie Mackey, Walsh, 291 S. Jefferson; Mary E. Madden, Grant, 1057 ""\Vilcox ave.; Belle I. lVIagee, West Thirteenth Street, 601 W. Twelfth; Marion E. Magee, West 'I~hirteenth Street, 601 W. Twelfth; Jennie C. Maguire, Healy," 325 Garfield bould.; Frances M. V. Mahaffey, Clarke,' 63 \V. Eleventh; Minnie M. Mahlede, Clarke, 334 North ave; Clara II. P. Maho ney, Longfellow, 720 W. Co~gress; Margaret R. Mahoney, La Salle, 64 Whiting; Kittie E. Maloney, Garfield, 250 Forquer; Nellie lVIaloney, Emerson, 145 N. Ashland ave.; Kate lVIanierre, Moseley, 2352 Prairie ave.; Eliza beth A. Mann, Central Park, 774 Waln·ut; Emma D. lVIann, Central Park, 774 "\Valnut; Marie Louise Mann, Pickard, 95 ,v. Thirteenth; Mary E. l\ianning, ,vest Fourteenth Street, 503 S. Jefferson; l\,finuie E. l\farble, E111erson, 625 v\Tashington bould.; 1\1:ary T. Maroney, \Valsh, 41 Eighteenth; Philomena V. l\farre, Foster, 152 Lytle; En1eline Marsh, Thomas lloyne, 307 Indiana; l\fary H. l\tlarsh, \Ve bster, N orn1al Park; l\:fary E. l\farshall, ,Jones, 417 S. Clark; Clara T. l\iiartiu, Healy, 3712 En1er a1d ave.; Edith A. l\Iartin, Sheldon, 278 Oak; Nellie E. lVIartin, Haven, 199 lVIaxwell; En1ma l\iiarr, Foster, 130 Lincoln ave.; Anna J. l\f ason, McClellan, 262 S. Paulina; l\fa.ggie F. 1\1:ason, Brainard, 262 S. Paulina; ~Iary E. irason, Franklin, 514 Racine ave.; lVIary R. E. Mason, Dore, 15 S. Halsted; Sarah C. lVIason, Sheridan, Engle wood; Elizabeth E. Mather, King, 301 Campbell ave.; Hanna Matzinger, ,Vicker Park, Humboldt Park; Florence 342 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.·

.M. Maxfield, Irving, 414 S. Leavitt; Ella C. Mayhew, Newberry, 134 Seminary ave.; Maria T. Meagher, Vedder Street, 299 N. Franklin; Bella J\L Mear, West Fourteenth Street; 231 S. Nlorgan; 1t1ary. E. lviellor, Newberry, '1Vin netka; Nellie S. J\ielocly, Brenan, 3139 Prairie ave.; Annie T. Mende, .Arnold, 118 Fremont; Genevra J\IIerriam, Jones, 23 Twenty-third; Caroline II. Merrick, North Division High, 481 La Salle ave.; Georgiana W. Merrill, Pickard, 38 J\IIoore; .Alden N. Merrin1an, Hayes, 820 ,v. Monroe; Ida B. Methlow, Headley, 827 N. Clark; Esther Meyer, Walsh, 16 String; Ida Meyer, Brown_, 506 Fulton; Lucretia 0. Miller, Jefferson, 290 Marshfield ave.; Fannie S. Miller, J\llotley, 270 '1V. Huron; Kate T. Miller, Thomas Hoyne, 111 Ohio; Mary .A. Miller, Franklin, 111 Ohio; Minnie E. Miller, Clarke, 41 Norton; Pauline Misch, West Division Hi_gh; 214 Schiller; Laura Evelyn 1Vliner, Skii1ner, Oak Park; Nellie H. lvioakley, La Salle, 480 ,v ebster ave; Johanna R. Moberg, Pick ard: 342 Parmalee; Mary .A. 1\1:ohan, Oak Street,. 90 Elm; Francis E. ]\,fole, lV[oseley, Forty-second, east of Drexel bould.; Alice E. Moody, McClellan, 866 Thirty-fourth; Louise S. Moore, ,v alsh, Englewood, Ill.; Harriet A. Morey, Brainard, 534 Idaho; l\L Dora 1\1:organ, Oakley, 705 Carroll ave.; Nellie A. J\llorgan, Emerson, 705 Carroll ave.; Donald L. Morrill, Anderson, 166 Dearborn· ave.; Abbie W. Morrison, Linco~n, 72 Grant pl.; Anna M Mor .timer, Franklin, 189 ,v ells; Blanche D. Montgomery, Huron Street, 167 Dearborn ave.; Maggie 0. Monat, Washington., 548 '1Vashington bould.; Annie K. Moulton, Skinner, 25 Waverly pl.; Minnie A. L. Mouns, Jefferson, 323 Loon1is; Mary A. l\!Ioynihan, McClellan, 29 Thirty eighth; Elfrieda Mun1m, Sca1111non, 374 Dayton; Henry F. Munroe, '1Vest Division High,. 821 '1V. Jackson; Alice M. Murchison, Emerson, 441 vVashi:Qgton bould.; .Anna ~1ur phey, Brighton, 3301 Ashland ave.; Anna M. Murphy, SCHOOL TEACHERS. 343

Ward, 3160 La Salle ave.; Ellen A. Murphy, Vedder :Street, 278 Sedgwick; Fannie A. Murphy, Douglass, 5324 Washington ave., H. P.; Julia T. Murphy, Pearson Street, 82 Milton ave~; Lizzie M. Murphy, Oak Street, 160 La Salle ave.; Lizzie vV. Murphy, Washington, 476 W. Ohio; Teresa M. Murphy:- W. Fourteenth Street, 31 Nebraska; Belle M. Murray, Kosciusko, 711 Fulton; Charlotte A. Murray, l\,fontefiore, 260 N. Franklin; Sue B. Myers, Polk Street, 725 ,v ashington bould.; Sadie E. Meyers, Emer son, 725 Washington bould. Anna A. Nash, Haven, 3251 Indiana ave.; l\'Iary J. L. Nealis, l\'Iontefiore. 29 ,v. Huron; Clara Nelson, vVells, 857 Milwaukee ave.; Laura Neuhaus, Cottage Grove, 35 University pl.; Emma N euschafer, North Division High, 369 l\'Iohawk; Huldah H. Newell, Ogden, Evanston, Ill.; Jennie S. Newton, Lincoln Street, 885 vV ashington bould.; Minnie Nicolai, Polk Street and Foster, 53 Goethe; Henri etta G. Niehaus, Holden, 2407 Indiana ave. ; Tillie l\'I. Niehaus, Holden, 2407 Indiana ave.; Anna M. Nilsson, Keith, 3652 Dearborn; Emma M. Nissen, Lincoln, 167 Schiller; Augusta E. Noll, "rhroop, 573 vV. Fourteenth; Harriet Nourse, Keith, 3848 Dearborn; Annie S. Novotny, Clarke, 12 Spruce; Maria P. Noyes, West Jackson Street, 385 \V. Adan1s. Jennie H. O'Brien, Carpenter, 19 Walnut; Mary E. O'Brien, :Franklin, 25 Goethe; 1\1:innie T. O'Brien, Carpen ter, 19 Walnut; Anna l\'I. O'Connor, Brighton, 947 Thirty fourth; Delia M. O,Connor, Brennan, 767 N. Park ave.; Dora L. O'Qonnor, Ne,vberry, 1033 N. Clark; Florence N. O'Connor, Lincoln, 681 Fullerton ave. ; Kittie L. O'Con nor, Holden, 947 Thirty-fourth; Lilla O'Connor, Lincoln, 681 Fullerton ave.; l\:fary A. O'Connor, Brighton, 2517 Cologne; Nellie A. O'Connor, Oak Street, 127 N. Market; 1\'Iary L. O'Toole, Oakley, 93 Seyn1our; Louise R. Oakman, Burr, 689 N. Robey; ~fary C. M. Oberlander, Washington, 344 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

208 W. Ohio; Jennie B. Okeson, Ward, 2821 Indiana ave.. ; Fanny E. Oliver, Kosciusko, 294 Washington Bould.; Albertina J. Olson, Montefiore, 114 °'"r alnut; Henrietta E. Olson, Emerson, 114 Walnut; Josephine Orton, Montefiore, 232 Park ave.; Libbie M. Osborne, Holden, 3205 Prairie ave.; Li1la A. Osborne, Holden, 3205 Prairie ave.; Clara Otterstedt, Moseley, 139 Lincoln ave.; ~!aria A. Owen,. Haven, 1827 vVabash ave. Hannah E. Page, Irving, s·8 Flournoy; Laura M. Page,. Skinner, 32 Ogden; i\fay A. Page, Cooper, 12 S. Curtis; Nellie S . Page, Burr, 73 9 Dixon; Ida M . Pahlmt1,n, Long fellow, Naperville, Ill.; Letty N. Palmer, Cooper, 95 An1- brose; Marietta L. Palmer, Vedder Street, 292 Wells; Clementina Parantau, Anderson, 28 Evergreen ave.; Lillie E. Parantau, Anderson, 28 Evergreen ave.; Alvilda Parelius,. Motley, 85 W. Huron; Etha L. Parker, Scammon, 430 W. Jackson; Mattie J. Parker, Douglas, 2715 vVabash ave.; Sar~ E. Patchel, Clarke, 22.8 S. Peoria; Ella Pat terson, Cooper, 111 Abderdeen; Lizzie M. Patterson, "\Vicker Park, 151 Fowler; Mary Patterson, Skinner, 111 Aberdeen; Lillie E. Paulk, King, 411 Idaho; vVillia1n 11. Payne, South Division High, 2221 ,v abash ave.; Maggie J. Pea cock, ,v. Fourteenth Street, 272 W. Twefth; I-Iattie P. Peck, Marquette, 720 "\V. Monroe; I-Iarriet O. Peeke_, Lincoln Street, 169 Dearborn ave.; Ella B. Pierce, \Ventworth ...L\..venue 1911 "\,Vabash ave.; Laura Peltzer~ Jones, 412 Belden ave.; Elvira Pennell,. Lawndale, 1060 Millard ave.; H. Avis Perdue, Raymond, 3536 Prairie ave.; Ira "\,V. Peittibone, North Division High, Austin, Ill.;. Mary R. Pierce, Douglas, 4159 Grand Bould.; Alice F. Piper, Brighton, 3521 Bloom; Lilian Phelps; Vedder Street, 373 Burling; Mary A. Phelps,. Hayes, 158 Park ave.; Sophie A. Phelps, Central Park, 776 "\Valnut; Margaret E. Philbrick, La Salle, 581 Wells; ]\,linnie Plunkett, Foster, 149 Noble; Elsa V. L. Port., SCHOOL TEACHERS'. 345

Armour Street, 108 Park ave.; Cora Porter, Langland., 185 N. Paulina; Ella M. Porter, Mosely, 2416 Indiana ave.; Helen Edith Porter, Motley, 185 N. Paulina; Louisa I. Poppelbaun1, Newberry, 1737 Diversy ave., L. V.; Cora C. Powell, Wells, 40 St. John's pl.; Mary E. Powell, Polk Street, 310 S. Halsted; Mary Frances Powers, Web ster, 2929. Shields ave.; Harriet S. Pratt, Ogden, 99 Wal ton pl.; Sadie F. Pratt, Marquette, 927 Harrison; Amelia l\f. A. Prendergast, Oakley., 883 Fulton; i.\fary C. Price, Throop, 344 l\farshfield ave.; l\1ary V. S. Price, Carpenter, 41 N. Ada; Phebe Pride., Dore, 352 S. Hoyne ave.; Han nah E. Proctor, Lincoln., 1418 Dunning; .l\fary F. Purer,. Marquette, 54 Johnson; Mary L. P11rinton, Lincoln, 447 Belden ave. Mary C. Quinlan, Wentworth A venue, 1532 Wabash ave.; Kate A. Quinn, Brown, 220 ~Iarsh:field ave.; Rosa C. Quinn, VonHumboldt, 778 Dana ave.; Sadie Quinn, Foster, 449 \V. Congress; ~lary E. Quirk, Oakley, 683 Carroll ave.; Mary J. Quirk, Oakley, 654 Carroll ave. Nellie Ra~erty, "\Vicker Park, 295 N. Lincoln; Rose E. Rafferty, Motley, 446 ,v. I-Iurou; Sarah C. Ralph, McClel lan~ 2849 Deering; Laura A. Randall, 1\1:oseley_, 124 Twen ty-fourth; Harriet A. Ranney, Hayes, 754 Carroll ave.; Albertina l{aven, "\Varel, 193 Twenty-fourth pl.; Grace K. Redfield, Washington, 56 Park ave.; Grace l\;f. l{edfield, LawnclaJe, I-Iinsdale, Ill.; Alta Gratia Reed, ""\Vest Division I-Iigh, 4330 Bellevue ave.; Josephine 0. Reed, Cottage Grove, 4330 Bellevue. ave.; Mary L. Ree<), Garfield, Englewood, Ill.; Pauline ~1. Reed, Cottage Grove, 4,330 Bellevue ave.; Katie A. Reedy, ,v alsh, Continental Hotel; Nellie L. 0. Reeves, Wentworth Avenue, 2,534 ,vabash ave.; Annie L. Reid, Calun1et av~., 77 Twenty-sixth; Jane F. Reid, Calun1et Avenue, 77 Twenty-sixth; Maggie 0. Reilly, vVest Fourteenth Street, 381 West Taylor; Rose Reilly, Motley, Austin, Ill.; Esther 346 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

A. Renshaw, Franklin, 58 Goethe; Jennie E. Reynolds, Holden, 2,447 ~Iichigan ave;- l\fary A.. Reynolds, Huron Street, 306 Hudson ave.; Charlotte M. Ribolla, Douglas, 3243 Butterfield; Carrie Allen Rice, Holden, Englewood, Ill.; Martha J. B. Rice, Burr, 4.9 Rawson; l\,lary E. S. B. Rice, vValsh, 222 :M:arsh:fi.eld ave.; Clara M. Richardson, Walsh, 680 "\Vest Madison; Mary ~L Richardson, LaSalle, 4,520 Wabash ave.; Lizzie Riehl, Webster, Englewood, Ill.; Amanda M. Ringland, Dore, 715 West Erie; Kittie A. Riordan, Brainard, 267 Hern1itage ave.; Lavinia Ritter, Sheldon and Kinzie, 344 vV ells; Hannah Roberts, Polk _Street, 343 West Congress; Christine vV. Robertson, vVells, 480 W. Huron; Adelia E. Robinson, Central Park, 10 Artesian ave.; Albert R. Robinson, Dore, Hinsdale, Ill.; Nellie If. Robinson, Grant, 739 West Harrison; Agnes. Rodatz, Douglas, Englewood, Ill.; Mary O. Rogers Von Hun1boldt, Jefferson, Ill.; Hattie C. Roland, Franklin, 17 Carl; Ada 0. Rood, Vedder Street, 259 Fren1ont; Elizabeth B. Root, lVIotley, 43.5 ""\Vashington Bould.; H_elen 0. Root, Douglas, 3236 Calumet ave.; Or1Jha E. Rose, ""\Valsh, 149 South ~forgan; Julia L. Rosenthal, Thomas Hoyne, 343 Eln1; Claire E. S. Rossler, ,vest Fourteenth Street) 57 West Randolph; Phoobe E. Rothfuss, Brenan, 2119 Michi gan ave.; Sarah J. I. Rourier, vVentworth Avenue, 122 Twentieth; Frances Vv. Rowland, Polk Street, 91 Laflin; Fanny A. Royall, Cooper, 44 Pearce; lVIary E. Royall, ·vValsh, 44 Pearce; Mary E. Royce, Marquette, 159 War ren ave.; Carrie H. Ruaec, I-Iaven, Continental Hotel.; Martha M. vV. Ruggles, Huron Street; 240 Oak; Leantha E. Russell, Foster, South Chicago; I{ate J. Russell, Hayes, ·794 "\Vest Monroe; Lizzie l\L Russell, Dore, 794 "\Vest Monroe; Lou M. Russell, Cooper, 185 S. 1\1:organ; Marion L. Russell, Pickard, 185 S. Morgan; Blanca L. Ruthenberg, Franklin, 243 North ave.; Olga A. Ruthenberg, Vedder Street, 243 North ave.; Elizabeth Ryan, Newberry, 1710 SCHOOL TEACHERS. 347

Deming ct., L. V.; Elizabeth A. Ryan, Franklin, 153 Erie; Helen A. Ryan, Brainard, Maplewood, Ill.; Joanna A. Ryan, Huron Street, 492 W. Twelfth; Mary E. Ryan, Pickard, 341 Hastings; Nellie R. Ryan, Sheridan, 30_02 Wabash ave.; Sarah V. Ryan, Tho1nas Hoyne, 153 Erie. Albert R. Sabin, Franklin, 337 Thiohawk; Rosa Samler, Wells, 262 N. lVIay; Janie S. Sanborn; Skinner, 321 W. Monroe; Nellie II. Sargent, West Jackson Street, 1105 W. Jackson; Lydia Saure, McClellan, 567 Wabash ave.; Mariah I-I. Sayward, Motley, 441 ,v ashington bould.; Annie O. Scanlan, Emerson, 583 Fulton; Ellen E. Scan lan, Ogden, 230 Chicago ave.; Martha N. 0. Schach, Keith, 3740 State; Adaline S. A .. Schaefer, Newberry, 391 N. State; Anna Scheuneman, J\'Iontefi9re, 241 North ave.; Martha Schennen1an, ·v edder Street and Oak Street, 241 North ave.; Hannah Schiff, Franklin, 279 Wells; Antoin ette Schiffer, Franklin, 44 Beethoven pl.; Gertrude D. Schilling, "\Vard, 3247 Dearborn; Beitha S. Schjoldager, Washjngton, 609 W. Superior; In.ger J\'I. Schjoldager, vVash ington, 609 ·w. Superior; Barnardine Schlamann,Lawndale, 1060 1Iillarc1 ave.; Clara J. Schlund, Oakley, Oak Park, Ill.; Helen 0. S. Schoenstedt, Clarke, 71 Hastings; :Oiathilde C. Schrader, Ogden,281 Orchard; l\!Iinnie Schrock, Oakley, 715 ~ Washington bould.; Anna H. Schroeder, Pearson Street, 103 Walton pl.; lVIanda Schroder, Brown, 57 Carpenter; Estha Schottenfels, Marquette, · 721 W. Congress; Ida Thiay Schottenfels, Garfield, 721 'N. Congress; Kate Schulz, vValsh,-38 Fren1ont; l\'1a.ry A. Sofield, Hayes, 922 W. Jack son; 1\iaria Scott, Skinner, 427 vV. Monroe; Kate A· Scoville, King, 57 Center ave.; Agnes L. Scully, Hayes, 812 "\Vashington bould.; Carrie B. Seaman, Cottage Grove, 3614 Stanton ave.; Georgia A. Seaman, Cottage Grove, 3614 Stanton ave.; Johanna O. Seifert, Washington, 427 E. North ave. ; Mary Louise Sergeant, Irving, 432 W. Adams; Zalia O. Sevringhaus, Wells, 437, N. Ashland ave.; Vir- 348 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. ginia L. U. v. H. Seyer, Newberry, 131, Clybourn ave.; En1ma Shaffner, Carpenter, 347 ,vashington bould.; Jane F. Shanley, Anderson, 588 W. North ave.; Maggie J. vV. Shannon, Franklin, 534 N. Franklin; Ida Shaver, Pear son Street, 97 Walton Place; Joanna A. F. Sheehan., Dore, 130 W. I-Iarrison; Ella F. Sheldon, Scammon, 672 W. Adan1s; Icla M. Sheldon, Dore, 672 W. Adan1s; Julia M. Sheridan, Thos. Hoyne, 178 Cass_; }1arguerite A. Shirra, Walsh, 17 N. Curtis; Emn1a T. Shoemaker, Mar quette, 45 Lon1is; 1fn1. C. Shuman, Thos. Hoyne, 233 Ontario; Miriam I. Shoyer, Armour, Street, 49 N. Shel don;. En1n1a C. Sickels, l\IcClellan, 137 Twenty-sixth; Idu J\'I. Siebert, Jones, 42 Ogden ave.; 1\1:artha Sief~rt, La Salle, 139 Lincoln ave.; Ella F. Simonds, Douglas, 3254 Dearborn; lVIary A. I-I. Simpson, McClellan, 5143 Went worth ave., Lake; Mary E. T. Skelly, Burr, 202 Web ster ave.; Natalie l:I.· Skorazinska, Arnold, 80 Herndon; Jennie E. Slack, Huron Street, 239 Sedgwick; Maria A. Slack, Franklin, 239 Sedgwick; Nellie Slevin, Lincoln Street, 911 Fulton; Ida l\iay Slingluff, Newberry, 325 Center; Jeren1iah Slocun1, S. Division High, 88 Twenty sixth; I-Ielen 1V1arie Sn1eeth, En1erson, 639 W. Monroe; Jttlia E. Smeeth, Skinner, 63V ,v. Monroe; Ellen M .. SnJiddy, Jones, 134 Thirtieth; Caroline S1nith, Garfield, 352 Hern1itage ave.; Caroline'.:~ R. Sn1ith, McClellan, Englewood Ill.; Eliza II. Smith, W. Jackson Street, 922 W. Jackson; Elizabeth L. Sn1ith, Walsh, 414 W. l\ionroe; Fanny R. S1nith, Cottage Grove, 3410 Rhodes ave.; Frances L. Smith, .Haven, 54 Sixteenth; Gertrude l\i. Smith, Cottage Grove, 3611 Grand bould.; Grace T. Smith, Brighton, 334t Vernon ave._; Lizzie C. Smith, Cottage Grove, 3634 Ellis Park; Mary E. Smith, Throop, 354: W. Harrison; Mathilde Smith, N. Division High, 38 Astor; Lizzie A. Smyth, Grant, 457 W. Erie, Mary H. Sn1yth, Grant, 457 W. Erie; Annie L. Soelke, Wicker Park. SCHOOL TEACHERS. 349

742 l\iiil waukee ave.; Alice E. Sollitt, Calumet Avenue, 4020 Prairie ave.; Fannie M. Sollitt, Calumet Avenue, 4020 Prairie ave.; Annie M. Solner, Wicker Park, 164 N. Curtis; Nlinnie Werden Solomon, Thon1as Hoyne, 176 N. State; Ida Southard, Haven, 3310 Rhodes ave.; Sadie Y. B. Spaulding, Headley, 281 Webster ave.; Clara J. Spencer, Oakley, 796 Carroll ave.; Marie Spiel, Jefferson, Lake· View, Ill.; .A .. nnie L. Spieler, Oak Street, 332 Wells; Mary L. Spooner, ,v entworth A venue, 3545 1VIichigan ave.; J nniata Stafford, Huron Street, 697 N. Park ave.; Minnie Stafford, Huron Street, 697 N. Park ave.; Charlotte C. Stall, Wicker Park, 740 W. Superior; Florence 0. Stanley, Wicker Park, 150 Park; Fanny Stapleton, Montefiore, 153 N. Curties; Fannie E. Stapley, Wells, 33 N. Hoyne ave.; Kittie Starrett, Jefferson, 240 Laflin; Lizzie H. Starrett, ,vest Thirteenth Street, 240 Laflin; Elizabeth A. State, Scammon, 178 Park ave; Nellie State, Scammon, 178 Park ave.; Edward F. Stearns, South Division High, 3508 Ellis ave; Maria M. Stedman, West Jackson Street, 1272 W. Monroe; -Bertha Steiger, Carpenter, 381 Fulton; Emily M. C. Stevens, Scammon, 134 S. Throop; Emn1a Stevens, Washington, 44 S. Sangamon; Susie C. Stevens, Skinner, 352 S. Hoyne ave.; Emma G. Stewart, West Jackson Street, 170 Warren ave.; Nannie Stewart, Sheldon, 623 Dearborn ave.; Lora A. Stimpson, North Division High, 223 Chestnut; Carrie R. Stone, Oakley, 70 N. Ada; Clara E. Stone, Foster, 493 Park ave. ; Elmira N. Stone, Mc Clellan, 59 University pl.; Mary A. Storen, Holden, 2968 Haines; Hattie }I. Storer, Armour Street, 317 Austin ave.; Kate A. Stowe, Andersen, 33 N. Irving ave., Corydon G. Stowell, Newberry, 459 Dayton; Harriet A. Stowell, South Division High, 3400 Rhodes ave.; James M. Strasburg, North Division High, 348 Dayton; Caroline W. Straughan, Haven, 1927 Michigan ave.; Lina C. Stuedli, Keith, 1 720 Frederick, L. V. ; Alice Sturtevant, Elizabeth Street, 350 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

391 Warren ave.; Adelaide Sullivan, Hol~en, 46 Twenty fourth; Alice M. Sullivan, Walsh, Englewood, Ill.; Annie B. Sullivan, Franklin, 297 N. Franklin; Ella 0. Sullivan, Oak Street, 512 Hurlbut; Lulie D. Sullivan, Holden, 38 Thirty-second court; Maggie A. Sullivan, Franklin, 297 N. Franklin; M. Minerva Sullivan, Burr, 545 Washington ·bould.; Mary F. Swarthout, Douglas, 3213 Vernon ave.; Anna Swanson, Montefiore, 90 .Austin ave.; Edith S. Syme, Arnold.,. 51 Lincoln ave.; Emily Synon, Garfield, 249 Blue Island ave . .Alice B. Talbot, Sheldon, 295 Elm; Anna Talbot, Sheldon, 295 Elm; Hattie .A. Tallman, Irving, 792 vVal nut; Marie O. Tallman, Central Park, 792 Walnut; Annie H. Templeton, Grant, 841 W. Lake, Minnie B. Tenney, West Jackson Street, 1091 W. Jackson; Josephine Teufel, Hayes, 269vValnut; 11.Ellen Thayer,Moseley, 2415 Michigan ave.; Elsbeth ]1. Thielepape, Sheridan, 697 N. Wells; Alice P. Thissen, Pickard, 429 vy-. Monroe; Emma T. Thomas, Foster, 458 W. Fifteenth; Frederica E. Thomas, Skinner, 114 Park ave.; Elsie A. Thompson, Arnold, 279 Hudson ave.; Mary A. Thompson, Clarke, 183 S. Morgan; Leona L. Thorne, Cottage Grove, 4100 Ellis ave.; Fannie L. Tierney, Moseley, 1342 E. Fortieth; Julia E. Tierney, Moseley., 1342 E. Fortieth; Laura Tierney, Arn1our Street, 442 W. Huron; Annie M. Tilton, Brown, 377 Warren·ave.; Abbie E. Tobey, Wicker Park, 689 N. Robey; Mary L. Tobey, Newberry, 1461 J\fontana; Lizzie F. Tobias, Jeffer son, 159 S. Center ave.; Mary J. Tobias, Dore, lp9 S. Center ave.; Mary -L. Todd, Irving, 1167 Lexington; Annie R. Ton11in, Sheldon, 418 Oak; Clara S. Toner, ,valsh, 2837 Indiana ave.; Ella E. Toner, Jones, 2837 Indiana ave. ; Hattie M. Toner, Marquette, 1248 Adams; Jennie M. Toohy, Foster, 962 Harrison; May E. Toole, West Fourteenth Street, 23 Winthrop pl.; Sellie H. Toole, Clarke, 23 Winthrop pl.; Alice T. Tracy, Brighton, SCHOOL TEACHERS. 351

Thirty-second, E. of Laurel; Mary Treleaven, Mob~ley, 357 Warren ave.; Frank E. Tremain, Moteley, 420 "\V. Jackson; Annie E. Trimingham, Brown, ·538 W. Jackson; Maggie R. Triplett, Burr, 3'90 "\V. Chicago ave.; ....\.gnes G. Troschel, Langland & Kosciusko, 900 Milwaukee ave.; Annie M. Tustin, Carpenter, 710 W. Monroe; Elizabeth R_ Tustin, Emerson, 710 W. Monroe; Grace Tuttle, Haven, 1701 Wabash ave.;. Sarah E. Tuttle, Sheridan 301 Indiana ave.; Mary E ~ A. Twohig, Elizabeth Street, 55. N . .Ada; Volney Under11ill, Carpenter, 296 S. Paulina; Flora Unna, Moseley, 2352 Wabash ave.; Emma A. Upson, Haven, 1535 Michigan ave.; Delia F. Upton, Clarke, 720 W. Four~ teenth. Mena Valy, Lincoln, 456 E. North ave.; Ella B. Van arsdale., Skinner, 55 S. Ann; M. ~I. Van Bergen, Webster, 6744 Wentworth ave.; Gertie S. Van der Kolk, Brainard, 513 Idaho; Josephine E. Van Meenen, West Fourteenth Street., 20 S. May; Henry A. Vanzwoll, Irving, 327 Park ave.; Antoinette J. Visser, Jefferson, 474 Marshfield ave.; Helen M. Visser, Brainerd, 474 Marshfield ave.; Emily T. Volde, Jefferson and West Thirteenth Street, 237 Wells; Minnie C. Volk, Von Humboldt, 258 W. Div ision; Josephine· Von der Hoehl, Clark, 256 S. Ashland ave. · Grace Wadleigh, Holden, 294 Washington bou1d .. ; Helen M. Waite, Brown, 712 Adams; Ida M. Waite, Franklin, 1824 Diversey, L. V.; Anna Waldschmidt, Arnold, 735 Sedgwick; Clara Walker, West Division High, 257 S. Robey"; En1ilie S. Walker, Brown, 142 S. Paulina; Sarah -4. B. vValker, King, 339 vVarren ave.; Sylvia '\Valker, Haven, 1841 Wabash ave. ; Kittie A. "\Vall, Holden, 2804 Bonfield; Sarah H. ,v allace, La Salle, 25 Hammond; Clara W allenburg, Wicker Park, 7 Samuel; Ellen V. Wallenburg, Montefiore, 7 Samuel; Emily L. Wallenbu:rg., Wells, 7 Samuel; Laura Wallenburg~ Wells, 352 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

:14/ Samuel; Sidonia vVallis, West Fourteenth- Street, 16 Maple; Annie· G. "\V alsh, Walsh, 544 S. Jefferson; Ellen F. Walsh, Andersen, 258 Augusta; Ellen F. Walsh., Sheridan, 3111 Portland ave.; Joanna M. Walsh, Burr, 881 Elk Grove ave.; Kate M .. ·walsh, Franklin, 1314 Dunning, L. V.; Kittie M. Walsh, Brenan, 815 Thirty-first; l\'.Iaggie L. Walsh, Brighton, 815 Thirty-first; Mary A. "\Valsh, Montefiore, 167 Jefferson; Mary M. T. Walsh, Brenan, 815 Thirty-first; Nellie E. Walsh, Foster, 544 S. Jefferson; Nellie J. Walsh, Brighton, 815 Thirty first; Nellie L. Walsh, Burr, 881 Elk Grove ave.; Sarah F. Walsh, Lincoln Street, 682 Fulton; Annie M. Ward, Haven, 290 Fifth ave.; Lizzie Warhurst, Wicker Park, 294 W. Huron.; Elfriede T. Warkentien, Garfield, 180 Run1sey; Minnie A. 0. War ren, Lincoln, 1033 N. Clark; Agnes M. Watson, Lin -0oln Street, 297 W. Huron; Lilian F. Watson, Cooper, 1280 W. Monroe; Nellie l\tI. Watson, W. Thirteenth Street, 424½ W. Jackson; Carolyn Webster, Burr, 19 See ley ave.; Eva Webster, Moteley, 45·2 lh1lton; Mattie. T. Welch., Montefiore, 743 Carroll ave.; Mary E. Welden, Longfellow, 276 Marshfield ave.; George P. Welles, West Division ~igh, 144 Ashland ave.; l\tleta Wellers, Keith, Hotel Bristol; Ellen Werneburg, Walsh, N·ormal Park, Ill.; Pauline W erneburg, Walsh, Normal Park, Ill.; Alwine ,Vertheim, Haven, 1435 State; Minna Wertheim, Dore, ·659 La Salle ave.; 0. S. Westcott, North Division High, Maywood, Ill.; Annie M. Whalen, Ward, 292 Twenty ninth; Alice-A. Wheadon, Oakley., 13½ Diller; Carrie B. "\Vhit~omb, Ogden, 96 Walton pl.; Ella F. White, Ogden, 416 Center; Frances E. White, Polk Street, 466 W. Jack son; Mary White, Newberry, 967 N. Halsted; Fannie' H. Whitney, Walsh, 205 S. Peoria; Harriet J. Whitney, Wells, 86 Tolman ave.; Anna E. Whittaker, Arnold, 376 Gar field ave.; Clara E. Whittemore, Vedder .Street, 10 Vine; SCHOOL TEACHERS. 353 liary R. Whitty, Haven, 2045 S. Park ave,; Juliette Wick .er, Brown, 16 Ogden ave~; Rosa A. Widmer, Huron Street, 164 E. Superior; 1\tiary S. vViggins, South Division High, 3815 Lake ave.; J\,farianne S. vVilcox, Haven, 294 Thirty eighth; Jane ,Villard, "\Vest Division High, 15 S. Sheldon; Ada B. vVillian1S, Douglas, 559 ~Iaple, Englewood; Ellen E. Williams, Garfield, 87 Aberdeen; Fannie E. vVillia111s, Wentworth A venue, 1417 Wabash ave.; Frank B. Will iams, J\,Iarquette, 14 S. Ashland ave.; Hannah E. ,villiams, Scammon, 19 Pratt pl.; Jane E. Willia1ns, Dore, 87 Aber deen; Christina B. Williamson, Garfield, 259 S. Jefferson; Louisa M. "\Vills, Irving, 119 Honore; Lottie Wilson, Kos ciusko, 723 W. Superior; Frank S. "\Vilson, Skinner, 211 S. Sangamon; Kate Wilson, Foster, 103 Johnson; Lucy L. Wilson, West bivision High, 72 Laflin; Annie M. Wiltshire, Wentworth A venue, 2025 Butterfield ; Betty Wilzin, Sheridan, 1420 Diversey, L. V.; Ann E. Winchell, North Division High, Norwood Park, Ill.; Har riet N. Winchell, Elizabeth Street, Norwood Park, Ill.; Annie E. ,ving, Garfield, 743 vV. Congress; Hattie W. Wjnter, Motley, 665 W. Monroe; Lydia Winter, Newberry, 182 Oak; Belle Winton, Hayes, 304 Walnut; Mary A. W. Wirt, Skinner, 849 vV. Congress; Belle B. Wolf, Lincoln Street, 3526 Prairie ave.; Andrew J. Wood, Brown, 802 "\V. Monroe; Hattie M. Wood, Carpenter, 297 Hermitage ave.; Silas L. Wood, Clarke, 804 W. Monroe; Emn1a P. Woodard, Walsh, 11 S. Sheldon; Ella F. Woodman, ,v ashington, 670 W. Superior; Margaret E. Woods, Armour Street-, 535 W. Erie; Mary A. Woods, W. Thir teenth Street, 631 W. Fourteenth; Mathilde Wortman, Oakley, 42 Artesian ave.; Mercie R. Worsfold, Sheridan, 3150 Forest ave.; Clara A. Wright, King, 607 W. Con gres&; Isabella Wright, Haven, 1918 Wabash ave.; Louisa 0. Wright, Irving, 607 W. Congress. Emma Yantis, Von Humboldt, 778 Dania ave.; France~ 23 354 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHIC.A.GO.

L. Yates, Hayes, 347 Walnut; Carrie May Young, Grant,. 1024 W. Monroe; Ella F. Young, Skinner, 365 W. Jack son ; En1ily M. Young, Franklin, 44 Chestnut;. Kate S. Young, Marquette, 331 Loomis; Lizzie M. Young, King, 1026 Congress. Gustav A. Zimmermann, Sp. Teacher of German, 683 Sedgwick; Bertha Zobel, Anderson., 15 S. Sheldon; Mary J. Zollman, Sheridan, 3106 Fifth ave. ALBERT G. LANE. The County Superintendent of Schools was born in Gale wood)n the township of Jefferson, March 15, 1841, whence his family ren1oved to Chicago, May 4, 1841. He was educated in the Chicago public schools and was appointed Principal of the Franklin school Nov. 8, 1858. He held this position-up to the time of his election as County Superin tendent of Schools in November, 1869. From December, 1873, to December, 1877, he was cashier of the West Side bank of Preston, Kean & Co. In November, 1877, he was. reelected County Superintendent of Schools, and was once more called to that most responsible position in 1882. Among other scholastic improvements, Mr. Lane arranged a graded course of study for country schools which was adopted by the State of Illinois, and has been introduced into other states. The following is a complete list of teachers employed in the schools of Cook county, Ill.: Albert G. Lane, County Superintendent of Schools; John A. '1Vaclhams, ~ssistant Superintendent of Schools; Nellie vV. Boynton, Clerk, room 57, 0. H. Co.ok County Normal School, Norn1al Park-Col. F. W. Parker, W. W. Speer, Geo. W. Fitz, Bella Thomas, Mary A. Spear, .Mrs. H. H. Straight, Tillie Toffin, Helen Jordan, Sarah Butler, Mary Foley, Helen Maley, Mary Sykes, Lou Van Meter, ~Irs. F. W. Parker. Englewood Helen R. Monfort, En1ily J. Rice. SCHOOL TEACHERS. 355

Rich, T. 35, R. 13-District No. 2, Ella J. Hotchkins -New Bremen. District No. 3, Horace 0. Hoskins, Matte son. Bloom, T. 35, R. 14.-District No. 1, W. E. Vander water, Bloon1-Emn1a Hunter. District No. 2, Luman Hewes. District No. 3, Albert D. Rich. District No. 4, Sanford E. Merrill, Glenwood. District No. 5, John J. Klen1.me, Dyer, Lake county, Ind. Bloom Tractl, T, 35, R. 15.-Dist. No. 10, Lena M. Whitcome. Orland, T. 36, R. 12.- District No. 1, Mary Stahly, Orland. District No. 2, Caroline Baldwin, Orland; Dis trict No. 3, Louise Klemn1, Alpine. District No. 7, W. H. Marr, Hammond, Lake county, Ind. District No. 8, Rose Wagner, Joliet. District No. 9, A. J. Lyon, Orland. Bermen, T. 36, R. 13.-District No. 1, Sarah A. Ryan, Lake View. District No. 2, W. D. Mackenzie, Blue Island. District No. 3, Mary Noble, Blue Island. District No. 4, E. K. Reynolds, New Bremen. District No. 5, J. B. Williams, New _Bremen. District No. 6, E. F. McOlintock, Blue Island. Thornton, T. 36, R. 14.-District No. 1, S. S. Dodge, Principal, Thornton. District No. 2, Marguerite Gowens, Sou th Holland. District No. 3, Dane A. Mitchell, Glenwood. District No. 4, Andrew Wilson, Homewood; Aln1a Ross. -District No. 5, Kate M. Black, Blue Island. District No. 6, J. M. Hupp, Dalton. Mary E. DeLand, Washington Heights. Fannie E. Lago, Dal ton. District No. 8, Lucy A. Pease, South Lawn. Thornton Fractl, T. 36, R. 15 .-District No. 1, Claus H. Claussen, Dalton. E. P. Summers, Hammond, Ind. District No. 2 Milo J. Anderson, Lansing. Maria M. Munson. Lemont, T. 37, It. 11.-District No. 1, John Doolin, Lemont. District No. 2, Carrie A. Smith, Lemont. Dis- 356 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. trict No. 3, J. 0. McCauley, Principal, Lemont. Mary Harrington, Len1ont. Libina Harkins, Principal, Lemont. Lulu Luther, Lemont. Nellie Manley, Lemont. District No. 8, Nancy lVIyrick, Lemont. Palos, T. 37, R. 12.-District No 1, John Pickens, Worth. District No. 4, Thon1as McGinness, South Mount Forest. District No. 5, Joseph Bareber, Willow Springs. Worth, T. 37, R. 13.-District No. 1, J. F. Dixon, Principal, Blue Island; Lizzie E. Rector, Blue Island; Marry Black, Blue Island; .Alice Putnan1, Norn1al Park; Maud Robinson, Blue Island; Hattie Phelps, Blue Island; Elsie Hale, Blue Island; Ida M. Kinder, Blue Isla1id; Melissa Lotterman, Blue Island; .Alice Krackowitzo, Blue Island. District No. 3, Dora M. Kirby, Blue Island. Dis trict No. 5. William Mc Vey, Evergreen Park. District No. 6, F. W. Rieder, Worth. Calumet T. 37. R. 14, Kensington, District No. 2.-T. C. Hill, Principal, Kensington High School.-.Alice Drake, Englewood; Minnie S ..Hutchins, Kensington; Josephine Lackore, Kensington; lVIinnie Colburn, Kensington; Lilian Simpson, Normal Park; Mary Halbrook, Kensington; Mrs. Eva J. 1-Iumphrey, Kensington. District No. 3, Sarah E. Griswold, Morgan Park. District No. 4, Geo . A. Brennan, Roseland; Mary Hayward, Roseland. District No. 5, Andrew Engel, South Englewood; Lydia Kuck holm, South Englewood. District No. 6, Johanna Kelle he:r, Washington Heights. Calumet, Washington Heights School, District No. 7. Bessie E.· Hu.ntington, Principal, Washington Heights; Lucy Gorton, Washington Heights; Anna M. Cruikshank, ,v ashington Heights; Anna R. Chapin, Washington Heights; Louise V. Kann, Washington Heights; Elise M. Bumgartner, "German," Washington Heights; Libby Myrick, Morgan Park; Minnie J. Goe, Morgan Park; Dore E. Wilcox, Washington Heights. SCHOOL TEACHERS. 357

Irondale School, District No. 9. -A. 0 . Coddington, Principal, Cummings; Helen S. Rice, Englewood; Addie M. Tyrrell, Englewood; Delia Hogan, Cummings. District No. 10, Rollin A. Gonwens, South Holland; Mrs. Anna G. Gray, Kensington. Pullman School, District No. 11.-D. R. Martin, Superintendent, Pullman; Lucy S. Silke, "Drawing," 1434 Michigan ave.; Louise M. Vasburg, Pullman; Mar garet McCartney, Hyde Park; :Florence Ferguson, Pull man; Mrs. Q. M. Biden, Pullman; Helen Ferguson, Pullman; Laura E. White, Pullman; Anna vT.asburg, Pull man; Max Merrifield, Pullman; Louise M. Frainor, 4326 Chapel Rd.; Fannie V. Callaway, Pullman_; Carrie H. Lassaman, Norn1al Park; Nellie R. Leckie, South Engle wood; Louise D. Rennick, Brookline; Lenore Goodwin, 3 E. Fortieth st., Mary Smith, Pullman; Jane A. Beach, Pulln1an. One Hundred and Fifth Street School. - District No. 11, Mrs. Emma Strong, Principal, 5956 )Ventworth ave.; Maggie McDonald, Brookline; Mary B. Livingston, 169 Thirty-ninth st. District No. 12, Mrs. E. H. Holn1es, Grand Crossing. South Chicago, T. 37, R. 15.-Chas. I. Parker, Super intendent, South Chicago; Sarah Hutchinson, South Chicago; Joseph F. Sweet, South Chicago; Hattie B. Hutchins, 2227 Wabash ave. Bowen School.-Lillie M. Harvey, South Chicago; Hattie Z . Weary, Sou th Chicago; Belle Wylie, Sou th Chicago; Grace Hardy, 3916 Ellis ave.; Ellie M. Fair, Sou th Chicago; Lena S. Patterson, South Chicago: Lucy E. Lisson, Engle-\Yood; Daisy M. Springer, South Chicago. Irondale School.-C. D. Huxley, Prin., South Chicago; Mary L. Fagan, Englewood; Mary U. Neville, 3204 Prairie ave.; Margaret E. l\foynihan, South Chicago. South_ <;)hicago Court.-E. L. Morse, Prin., South Chi- 358 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. cago; Eliz. 0. Grinshaw, South Chicago; Mary Mathews, South Chicago; Lulu A. Barr, South Chicago: An1elia L. Glazer, South Chicago; Ida NicCready, South Chicago; Mabel C. Rushn1ore, South Chicago. Taylor School.-A. L.Stevenson, s·outh Chicago; Bertha l\rl. Coombs, N orn1al Park; Juliet A. Wallace, South Chi cago; 1\1:abel Waite, 1109 Bowen ave.; Ellen l\L Barker, 1130 Bowen ave.; Nellie E. F. McHarry, 1638 Wabash ave. Gallisteb School.-W. C. Payne, Colehour; Eva Ed monso-i;i, Colehour; Charlotte A. Lellon, South Chicago; l\riary B. Can1phor, 4926 vV abash ave.; Jennie Logan, Colehour; Isabella L. Goodwin, 3,- Fortieth. Ray School.-Jno H. Nichols, Norn1al Park. Hegewisch School.-Helen Close, Hegewisch; Rebecca A. Faul, Hegewisch; Hannah I(nippel, Hegewisch. - Lyon, T.39, R.12, District No. 2, Augustus Haley, Wil low Springs. District No. 3 Lillie Stevenson, Western Springs. District No. 8 E. 'N. MacDonald, Western Springs. District No. 9 J. S. Brockway, Prin., Western Springs; Mrs. J. S. Brockway, Western Springs. Lyons and Lake, T. 38, R. 13.-Distri-ct No. 2 M, M. Byrne, Brighton Park. District No. 4 J. B. McMillan, Summit; D. Murphy, Oak Lawn. District No. 5 J. _vV. McGinness, Prin., Brighton Park; Cecilia B. Murphy. District No. 6 Geo. Wilson, Chicago Lawn. District No. 8 M. G. IIenchy, Brighton. Lake and Hyde Park, T. 38, R. 14.-Greenwood Avenue School, Kenwood School, Fifty-Fourth St. School, South Park School, ,v oodlawn School, Cornell School, Madison Ave. School, Parkside School, South Shore School, Chel tenharn Beach School, Eighty-Third St. School. District No. 2, Lake.-O. S. Cook, Superintendent, 74 Bryant ave.; James Hannan Prin1e, 5136 S. Park ave.; Jan1es E. Armstrong, 529 Sixty-second st., Englewood; SCHOOL. TEACHERS. 359

Elizabeth C. Cooley, 3818 Langley ave.; Mary E. Keary_, 428 W. Jackson st.; Sarah Byrne, Englewood; G. E. ~Iig gins, n1usic, 4063 ·Dearborn st. District No. 2, Hendricks School.-John McCarthy, Principal, 4402 Emerald ave.; Nelhe B. Gray, 4515 Emer ald ave.; Ida M. Stodder, Englewood; Della Lynch, 4559 Winter st.; Jennie A. Haley, Englewood;. Laura Kin1pton, 1130 Bowen ave. District No. ~, Forty-third Street School.-11aggie A. Haley, Englewood; Maria Kenny, Hyde Park; Belle Rob son, 744 Gordan st.; lVfary .A. Gibbons, 633 Forty-third st.; Carrie E. }finer, Englewood. District No. 2, Farren School.-J. W. n1:ay, Principal, 4700 Wabash ave.; Tena C. Farren, 5112 "\Vabash ave.; Florence lVL Mook, 3035 Michigan ave.; Alice C. Pierce, :3352 Indiana ave.; E. l\.L Brislen, 4700 "\Vabash ave.; Martha Bennett, 5701 State st.; Nellie Larkin, Chicago Lawn; Mary T. I-Iennessy, Englewood; Ida Croft, Forty seventh and ,v abash a·,;re.; Lena Peacock, 4930 Wabash ave.; Lydia _1ieany, 5746 La Salle st.; En1ma A. Broad bent, Fifty-first st. and ,v abash ave.; Mary B. Whiting, 4009 Drexel boulcl. District No. 2, Pullman School.-J. B. McGinty, Principal, Englewood; Addie M. Ingersoll, Englewood; Mrs. M. J. Ingersoll, Englewood; Mary Forkin, Colehour; Lizzie A. Keating, 700 Go!don st. ; Jennie Wilson, Engle wood·; Hattie O'Neil, 559 Ogden ave.; Kate T. Keating, Englewood; Addie Diefenbach, Blue Island; Tillie A. Anderson, En.glewooJ.; Mary C. Kingsburg, 5358 School st.; A. B. Danforth, Englewood; Jennie Barnum, Engle wood. District No. 2, Grant School.-Patrick Chamberlain, Principal, Transit House; Anna '\"V. Hunter, Englewood; Ella M. Danforth, Englewood; Nellie M. Carpenter, Englewood; R. Dore "\Vhyte, 4405 En1erald av.; Lizzie R. 360 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Keating, Englewood.; Kittie. L. Kelly, 2710 Archer ave.; Charlotte A. Sloan, Englewood; Tuirs. M. K. Patterson, Englewood. District No. 2, Hancock School.- Patrick Keenan, Principal, 701 Gordon; Anna McKillop, 4109 Halsted; Annie Pieton, Englewood; Kate Murphy, 650 Forty-third; Joanna Burke, 190 Thirty~fifth; Katie E. Perry, 4226 Sherman; Maggie Conway, Englewood; Kittie O'Grady, 4854 Wentworth ave. ; Ida Mosher, 7001 Root; Eliza Haley, Englewood; Kittie Ridgeley, 4723 State; K. Dru silla Mahr, 4725 School. District No. 2, Lake county, Fallon School .-John Byrne, Principal, Englewood ; Nellie CUttich, Englewood ; Kate C. McConvill, 4316 Emerald ave. ; Alice McGinness, Englewood ; Georgia L. Lewis, 248 W. Congress ; Maggie E. Lyons, Englewood ; Susie E. Ca wan, 3519 Stanton; Mary Moran, 469 S. Leavitt st. ; Kate T. Lynch, 4557 Winter st. ; Nellie Murphy, 4410 Winter st. ; E. Marson, Morgan Park; Joanna Lyons, Englewood; Hattie A .. Crowley~ 2807 La Salle; Maggie Mahoney, 2965 Archer ave. ; Hattie Fish, 218 S. Peoria st. District No. 2, Graham School.-vV. E. "\Vatt, Princi pal, 445 Emerald ave. ; Maggie McDonald, 4330 Emerald ave. ; Mary Kehoe, 4423 Emerald ave. ; Julia Ford, 660 Wilson st. ; Belle Kelly, 380 N. Franklin ; C. Ada Whyte, 4405 E1nerald ave. ; Louise B. vV alters, 4205 Halsted st. ; B. Baldwin, 726 Wilson st. ; Kittie T. Murphy, 45th and Sherman; Maggie Lucas, 401 47th st. ; ~Iaggie Flannigan, 614 61st st.; _Mary T.- Bowes, 317 Fifty-third st.; Martha Wilson, 4223 Halsted st. District No. 2, Garfield School.-Richard T. Kelly,

Englewood...... :District No. 2, Hartigan School. -D. A. "\Vhite, Prin- cipal, Englewood; J. A. Dundon, 396 Oak st. ; Lillie M. Arnst, 4016 Wabash ave. ; E. Carmichael, 4020 Prairie SCHOOL TEACHERS. 361 ave. ; Mary A. McNarney, -3641 Dearoorn st. ; Minnie Brady, 3752 Butterfield; Nellie Sheedy, 5108 Wentworth ave. ; Margaret Rodgers, 3923 Atlantic st. ; Mrs. F. E. Higgins, 196 S. Jefferson; Louise O'Connor, 506 Marsh field ave. ; Mabel Sibley, 4230 Emerald ave. District No. 3, Oakland School No. 1.-M. Andrews, Superintendent, 36 Oakwood bould.; Florence M. Holbrook., 1402 Forty-first. ; R. E. Outler, 39 Baxter ; Eleanor A. Pierce. 3352 Indiana ave. ; ~Iittie Hayden, S. Park ; Eliria Barmister, 3921 Vincennes ave. ; Mrs. M. F. Brown, 3924 Langley ave. ; Millie J. Crocker, 3734 Johnson pl. ; Iola M. Jones, 1333 Oakwood bould.; Charlotte A. Royce, 1137 Forty-first; Isabel E. Richman, 3506 Lake ave.; Clara M. N ewbecker, 168 Thirty-ninth ; Emma 0. Barrett, 1718 E. Fortieth ; Mary H. Howliston, 1333 Oakwood bould. Oakland School, District No. 3.-Anna L. Hill, 119 Thirty-fifth st.; Kate 0. Guenther, Blue Island ave.; Alice L. Kent, Austin; Lucy Johnstone, 1129 Bowen ave.; Judith Putman, Normal Park; Hadassah Fleming, 1204 Oakland bould.; Carrie 0. Lewis, 1409 Oakland bould.; Lara Fleming, 1204 Oakland bould. Auburn School, ·District No. 4.-A. B. Coombs, Princi pal, Normal park; I-Ielen 0. Haswell, Normal park; Clara A. Haynes, Auburn; Annie L. Hickman, Auburn. Buckley School, District No. 6.-Geo. D. Plant, Prin cipal, 3915 Dearborn st.; Alice Keary, 428 W. Jackson st.; Agnes Clifford, 456 Irving Place; Annie Kenney, Hyde park; May ,Villmott, 4701 Ashland ave.; Mary A. McDon nell, South Chicago; Margart Kelly 2710 Archer ave. O'Toole School, District No. 6.- Marcella Hanlon, 4537 Winter st.; Annie Harold, Chicago Lawn; vVinifred 33n Center ave.; Emma Meany, 5746 La Salle st.; Mary Ken nedy, Union Stock yards; Mary E. Murray, 126 Greene st.; Lillie McGlinn, 84 Johnson st.; Rosa A. Farley, 4314 Ashland ave. -062 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Forestville School, Di~trict No. 7.- Geo. M. Herrick, Principal, 4532 Cha1nplai11 ave.; Lydia S. Davis, Drexel and Oakwood boulds.; Louisa J. Spencer, 1370 Oakwood bould.; Mrs. l\i. l\L Northrop, 1420 Forty-fourth st.; Carrie. Smith, 2027 Indiana ave.; May Peaslee, Fifty-first st. and Wabash ave.; E. G. Haywood, 4733 Kenwood ave.; }'laud Dodson, Fifty-fourth st. and Lake ave.; Jennie M. Wheeler, 4027 Ellis ave. Springer School, District No. 9. -E. L. Parmenter, Principal, 4128 Prairie ave.; Mrs. L I. Lews, 3036 Grove land ave.; Fannie Curtis, Normal Park; Jennie Goldman, 4556 'Wabash ave.; Mrs. J. W. Bannerman, Blue Island; Belle l\if. Dodd, 4221 Indiana ave.; Mary M. Springer, 4046 Prairie ave.; l\1rs. E. K. Stuart, 4128 _Prairie ave.; Sarah n-I. Lewis, Blue Island. Lake, District No. 10.-0. T. Bright, Supt., 3544 For ,est ave.; E. J. Hill, Normal Park ; W. vV. Wentworth, Englewood ; Hattie J. McIntosh, M. 0. Crane, Viola Deratt, Abbie II. Nowise, Music; Abbie K. Monfort. Lewis and Chan1plin streets, District No. 10 .-Kate S. Kellogg, Principal, Englewood; l\frs. Harriae K. Foster, Normal Park; 1\1:rs. I-I. L. Vreslarid, Chicago; Clara Mitch ell, Englewood; Rose Mcl\1:anns, C. Florence Jones, Louisa McKelvey, Lillian Allen; Sarah Curtis, Normal Park_; Nellie Hayward, Englewood; Harritt Graydon, Kate E. Jones, Lyra l\iiills, Frances McOhesney, Louise Quacken bush, Libbie Lyman. La Grange.-A. S. Stutts, Principal; Miss R. P. Ben nett, Ida Foster, Emn1a Glass, Lizzie E. Benning, 1\1:ary Fox. Lake District No. 10.-W. J. Black, Principal, Engle wood; Sadie I-Iunter, Lizzie Horine, Clara Brown, Emma Webb, Mary Stebbings,. Hattie Fosket, Englewood. Brownell School, District No. 10-F. B. Ormsby, Prin ,cipal, Normal Pairk ; Nellie M. Boilean, Normal Park ; SCHOOL TEACHERS. 363

Mrs. lVL D. Kaufman, Englewood; Edna Reed, Englewood; Louise Layton, "\Vashington Heights. Sherwood School, District No 10.-Margart McGurn, Principal, Englewood; Christine Nichols, Englewood; Emma A. lV[unroe, E!1glewood; E1nily F. Bacn1ester, EnglEiwood; :Wirs. A. B. "\Villiams, Englewood; Blanch E. Judd, Englewood; Florence E. Rice, Englewood; Jesse Robinson, Blue Island; l\L Eliza Farmer, Normal Park; Emma 1\1. \Vesterfielcl, Englewood. Halsted St. School, District No. 10 .-J. Henry Zeis, Principal, Normal Park; lVIary 1\1:cGurn, Englewood; Fan nie "'\Vithers, Eva Jan1es., Mary Maroney. N orn1al Park, District No. 10.-l\frs. A.. l\,L Williard, Prin., 80 Dearborn St.; 1Irs. l\L E. Thresher, Englewood; Mable ,vheeler, Normal Park; Adelia Sp~er, Englewood; Mary T. Wilson) Norn1al Park; lVIa,ry ~Ialey, Englewood. _ Proviso, ~r. 39, R. 13, Harlen1 School, District No. 1. vV. E. Jayne, Principal, Oak Park; :0-fary Chan1berlain, Maywood; lVIand L. Frisby; Ada L. Brown, Principal, Oak Park; lVIinnie l\,fcl\riinn, Oak Park. District No. 2, Josie Ryan, Maywood. District No. 3, Lida E. Stiff, May wood. District No. 4., lviargurite Hennesey, Maywood. Riverside School, District No. 5.-Idelle B. Watson, Principal, Riverside; Anna B. Chase, Riverside; Henrietta .A.. "\Villden. 865 "\V. Harrison st.; Nora Boyne, Riverside. District No. 6, John Soffel, 1\'1aywood. lVIaywoocl School, Dis_trict No. 7.-W. D. Gilbert, Prin cipal, Maywood; Jennie Vial, llettie Dunlap, Mattie Ca1npton, Mary~ "\Vaters, G. E. Garrison. River Forest School, District No. 8.-Mrs. A. M. "\Valker, River Forest; Laura Meyers, Dell 0. Knepp. District No. 10, Geo. E. Littleford, La Grange. Cicero T. 39., R. 13, High School.-B. L. Dodge_. Superintendent, Oak Park; 1\1ary H. Clen1ens, Elizabeth Faulkner, lVfary Walke1·, Ella 1\1:cOonoughey, Hattie E. 364 THE POLITIC.AL HISTORY OF CHICA.GO.

Baker, Annie E. Jones, Anna M. Fernald, Marion H .. Dyer, Anna M. Coffin, Elizabeth Waters, Delphine Wil son, Amelia Littell, Alice A. Huling, Ida L. Jone; Mary B. Hoyt, Ridgeland; Mary l\f. Bevans. Austin School, District No. 2.--W. S. Smith, Superin tendent H. S., Austin; Mrs. L. F. Smith, H. S. Wyllis; S. G. Hagar, 1030 Wilcox ave.; l\'Irs. E. C. Enfield, Aus tin; 1\.iaud Butler, Moreland; Louise Levi, 716 W. Lake st.; A. L. Evendin, Turner; Martha Kent, Austin; Mrs. A. W. Shaffer. Amerson School, District No. 2.-Elizabeth Sneed, 338 Warren ave.; Emma Baxter, Austin; Rose J. Carroll. Cicero continued, South School, District No. 2.-Linda Final, Austin; Hattie M. Adan1s; Mrs. L. B. Smith. Tilton School.-High School, E. E. McCarthy, Princi pal, Central Park; Mary E. Kelley, Central Park; Anna F. Carter, Oak Park; Erin Hanrahan, Jennie De Porter, Cen tral Park; Mary Niemeyer, Lake Forest; Mary McGrath,. 354 Huron st.; Eugenia Grosby, 718 W. Adams st.; Susan Yorke, Central Park. Moreland School, District No. 3.-Alice M. Mooney,. 100 Dearborn ave.; Mary Carter, Oak Park. Brighton School, No. 4.-Anthony Lennon, Principal, 1098 vV. Madison st.; Jennie B. Martin, Minnie Dolese,. Brighton Park. · Crawford School, No. 7.-Hettie H. Norris, Principal,. Glenwood; l\'Iary E. Gould, 3518 Forest ave.; Cetta True, 373 ,V. Monroe st. Lyden, r_i;,1. 40, R. 12.-~o. 2, Margaret O'Rourke, Bensonville; No. 4, James. A. Peterson, Dunning; No. 5, D. E: Wertz, Jefferson; No. 6, Kate Donahu, 484 W. Twelfth st. Jefferson, T. 40, R. 13.-High School, Charles A. Cook,. Irving Park; S. Alice Judd, H. H. Wilder. Avondale School, No. 2.-J. W. Stehman, Principal; SCHOOL TEACHERS. 365

Julia Ingals, Avondale; No. 3, Mrs. Kitendaugh, Dun ning; Theresa Booth, Mont. Clare. Norwood Park School, No. 6.-0atherine Lyman, Cra gin; Carolyn J. Stanning, Cragin. J e:fferson School, No. 6.-J. B. Farnsworth, Superin tendent. Hoffman Avenue School, No. 11.-J. D. Martin, Prin cipal, Maplewood; Louise E. Kahler, 14 Le Moyne st.; Alice L. Andrews, Humboldt Park; Isabel Downie, 67 Rush st.; Martha M. Sherlock, 28 Montana st.; Carrie A. Allen, Maplewood; Marion E. Pierce, Serenia E. Clough, Bandow; lvlary C. Farrar, Barrington; Fannie E. Craigmile, Bandon; Bessie McKay, 281 Hermitage ave.; Rebecca Kelly, 129 Sedgwick st.; Margaret J. McClure, Maplewood. · Humboldt Park School, No. 11. - L. K. Peterson, Humboldt Park, A.lice M. Gaylord, Julia E. Toohey; Alice M. Lindsley, 730 Washtenaw ave.; Margaret Shanley, .588 North ave.; Ida 0. McN utt, Jefferson; Nellie Nicholas, 172 W. Monroe st.; Martha E. Bunn, Emma C. Green man, Humboldt Park; Lillie M. Kohn, 240 La Salle ave.; Minnie Dietz, Irving Park; Jennie MacKay, 281 Hermit age ave. Libby School, No. 11.-Janet B. Irwin, 112 North Western ave.; Nellie McCormick, Irving Park; Mary Cooley, Arlington Heights. . · Russell School, District No. 11.-Lilla J. Willis, 112 Park ave.; Melissa L. Wilden, 10 Artesian ave.; Louisa L. Morse, Bandon; Lydia E. Higgins, Bandon. Fairfield Avenue School, District No. 11.-Emma C. Gaylord, Humboldt Park; Lillian S. Sherlock, Winnetka. Boulevard School, District No. 11, Ida G. Atkinson, ~83 N. Leavitt St.; Evelyn Frisby, 939 Warren ave.; Jen nie Linturman, 829 S. Wood St.; Louisa W. Hartwig, 90 Sherman St. 366 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

Irving Park School, District No. 13.- W. A. Purington, Irving Park; Adele Kirchkoff, 1537 Lill ave.; Margarette Robinson, Irving Park. Pacific Junction School, District No. 14.-J. H. Steele, Principal, Pacific Junction; Cora E. 1\'lills, 873 Elk·Grove ave.; Minnie B. Gibbs, Palatine; _Eunice A. Steele, May wood; Agnes Kelly, 129 Sedgwick ~t.; Adelaide Wilson, Hinsdale. Evanston A venue School, District No. 1. - An1elia Holecomb, Wright's Gro-v-e; Maria Clark, 1542 W olfran1e st.; Esther Morgan, 17 Crilly pl.; Dora Windes, Argyle Park; Juliette W. Delano, 955 N. Clark st.; Gertrude Mc Clanthan, 989 N. Clark st.; Blanch Fretiman, 1572 W olframe st.; Ida Heidenheimer, 695 N. Park ave.; Mary P. Russ, Wright's Grove. Diversey Street School, Distiict No. 1.-Lina E. Troen dle, Principal, 1544 Lill ave.; Blanche Bassette, assistant, 1547 N. Halsted st.; Anna B. Martin, 615 Seminary ave.; Ella M. Richmond, 729 Sheffield ave.; Mary E. Gray, Ma plewood; Alice L. Prian1, 510 Webster ave.; Ella M. Clar~, 40 Wieland St.; Louise C. Pettengill, 300 Orchard st.; Louie A. Hulett, 1542 Wolfran1 st.; Helen 1\1. Parker, 28 Grant pl.; Katie Good, 118 Center st.; Sarah Woodcock, 186 N. Clark st.; Libbie E. Fisk, 287 Lincoln st.; Lena M. McCauley, 84 Lincoln ave.; Sarah E. Holmes, 1509 Wol fram st.; Mrs. F. King, 1448 Montana st.; Abbie G. Dore, Lorn bardville, Ill. ; Louise D. Hill, 43 7 La Salle ave . Deering School, District No. 1.-lVIrs. Margaret S. Fitch, 242 .Bissell st.; Malie J. Windes, Argyle Park; Sarah G. Wentworth, 1105 Millard ave.; Grace E. Math eus, ·south Evanston; Augusta Kleine, 571 I-Iurlbut st.; Augusta Morris, 2924 Vernon ave.; Margaret Ryan, J\Ion tana st.; Annie M. Kane, Halsted and Cornelia; Lizzie K. Burdick, 105 Dearborn ave,; Isabel O'Brien, Highland Park. SCHOOL TEACHERS. 361

Wrightwood Avenue, School, District No. !.-Gertrude· E. Williams, Principal, 1560 Lill ave.; Marian Fleming, 1550 Lill ave.; Annie R. Burk, 190 Chestnut pl.; S. T .. Jenson, 464 La Salle ave.; Ida M. Campion, 1534 Diversey st.; Jennie K. Eckstrom, 1754 Frederick st.; Mary S .. Hotchins, Argyle Park; L. Louise Hack, 201 Lincol.n ave.; Fanny S. Parsons, 1534 Diversey st. Beln1011t School, Distriet No. 1.-Anerick T. Shock ley, Carrie S . Haskins. Wilcot School, District No. 2.- Josiah F. Kletzing,, Ravenswood; Kittie S. Grover, Evanston; Hattie Paddock, Ravenswood ; Clara Briggs, Ravenswood ; Addie D .. Cravens, Ravenswood; Addie V. H. Barr, Ravenswood. Sulzer Street School, District No. 2 . -~fary F. Kimball, Ravenswood; Rosa A Boynton,. Winnetka; Addie E. Jor dan, Ravenswood; Kittie A. Gall, Wrights Grove. Hanover, 'r. 41, R. 9, District No. 4.-Avena G .. Heidemann, Elgin. District No. 6.-A. Thomson, Princi pal, Bartlett. District No. 7.-Waltar P. Wheeler, Ontario ville. District No. 11.-Lizzie Nightingale, Barrington .. Elk Grove, T. 41, R. 11., District No. 2. Emma Dun-- ton, Arlington Hights. District No. 3, Pearl B. Gay- lord, Itasca. District No. 6, C. R. Patter, Desplaines st. Maine, T. 41,. R. 12., District No. 1..-J. A. Gilmour.,. Desplaines. Park Ridge Sehool., Distriet No. 2'.- Leopold Shroeder, Principal, Park Ridge; Hattie Beamont, Arlington Heights;. Mrs. L. Millard, Park Ridge; Maud Kinder, Arlington Heights. Dist,rict No. 3, Joseph Harvey, The Grove. Desplaines School,. District No. 4.-J. Q. Adams,. Principal, Desplaines-; J\'Irs. M. L. Adams, Desp1aines;. Mary L. Sisson, Desplaines. Niles, T. 41, R. 13, District No. 1.-W. R. Pate, Niles Center. District No. 2, Simon N. Patten, Morton Grove. District No. 3,. Jeannette B... Ilsem, Niles; Jen- 368 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. nie Ericson, Niles. Distriet No. 4, W. D. Smyser, Principal, Niles Center; Minnie Scripture, Niles Center. District No. 5, J. H. Smyser, Niles Center. Evanston, T. 41, R. 14.-High School, Henry L. Bolt ,vood, Prin., Evanston; Lorenzo N. Johnson, Eva S. Edwards, Mary L. Barrie, Jane H. White, Margaret Noble. Benson Avenue School, District No. 1.-H. H. Kings ley, Supt . ., Evanston; Helen E. Amos, Principal; Evanston, Claribel Thompson, Eva Smedley, Mary C. A.dams, Jessie Manson, Georgiana Rogers, Mary E. Ramsey, Margaret F. Kellogg. Wesley A venue School, District No. 1. -Agnes S. Hinman, Principal, Evanston; Jessie Luther, Mary A.. Gil lespie, Darrie M. Boutelle, Lu R. Bushnell, Bertie M. Glass. Hinman A. venue School, District No. 1. -Nannie M. Hines, Principal, Evanston; Nellie E. Huggins, Mrs. E. C. Perkins, Celia Sargent. South Evanston School, District No. 2.-F. W. Nichols, Principal, South Evanston; Mary E. Wells, Emma Watson, Mary Farrell, Catherine Redfield, Evanston, Lida G. White, South Evanston, Nettie Primrose, Adda Crosby, Mellie R. Harding, Ida E. Hulett, Jennie H. Foster. North Evanston School, District No. 3.-Nettie E. McOlintock, North Evanston, Sarah Allen, Mary Gifford. Rodger's Park School, District No. 4.-M. H. Lowell, Principal, Rodger's ·Park, Emily Randell, Janet Brisbane, Amelia Gunn, South Evanston. District No. 5, Ida L. Low~ Wiln1ette. Barrington T. 42, R. 9, District No.1.-G. W. Barrett, Barrington. District No. 3, ~1:artha Leonard, Barrington; District No. 4, Jno. W. Burgess, Dundee; District No. 6, Mrs. A. G. Stevens, Elgin. District No. 10, 0. J. Dodge, SCHOOL TF..ACHERS. 369

Principal, Barrington, Emma L. Graw, Carrie Kingsley, Laura Brown, J\iary Frye, Principal. · Palatine, T. 42, R. 10, District No. 3.-Ben Castle, Bar rington. District No. 4, ·Jeannette M ullie, Barrington: District No. 6, H. L. Merrill, Palatine, Mattie Newton, ,vnhemina Hookins, Lillian Cleveland; Eva Castle, Bar rington. District No. 7, J\'.lay Fosket, Palatine. Wheeling, T. 42, R. 11, District No. 1.-H. B. Allen, Principal, Wheeling, Lilly M. Williams. District No. 10, Amos M. Walker, Principal, Arlington Heights; Ollie Keyes, Palatine; Ada R. Hawks, Arlington Heights. Northfield, T. 42, R. 12, District 2.-A. Kennicott, rrhe Grove. District No. 4, Grace Dority, Shermenville. Distri_ct No. 8, Armette Erickson, Shermanville. New Trier, T. 42, R. 13.-Glencoe School., District No. 1.-Robert ~atheson, Principal, Glenco, Sophia C. l\iiadden. Winnetka School, District No. 2.-H. C. Hullinger, Principal, Winnetka, Florence Belden, Nellie E. Moth, Kate Dwyer, Principal. District, No. 3, Annie E. Cooper, \Vilmette. Wilmette School, District 5.-Mary 0. McCord,· Wil mette, May L. Sheldon, Margie S. Handy.

24 MISCELLANEOUS.

CHARLES B. FARWELL. A possible candidate for Mayor on the Republican ticket in 1887 is the Hon. Charles B. Farwell. He was born near Painted Post, Steuben county, N. y·., on July 1, 1823. In 1838 he went with his father to a farm in Ogle 'county. He came to Chicago in 1844 and became Deputy Clerk with George Davis, Clerk of Cook county. At the same time he worked for Briggs & Green, auctioneers for a salary of twenty-five cents a night. His first exper ience in politics was in 1853 when he was elected by a large majority County Clerk against Dr. E. J. Kimberly. He was reelected in 1857. In 1864 he purP,hased an interest in the house of John V. Farwell & Co. In 1867, __ he was made Chairman of the Board of County Supervisors, and during his term the new part of the court house on Clark street was erected. In 1870 he was elected to congress against Hon. John Wentworth. In 1872 and 1874 he vanquished John V. LeMoyne and in 1880. was elected against Perry H. Smith, Jr., by a large majority. He was appoined by Governor Oglesby in 1866 a member of the first state board for the equalization of taxes. He was very prominently identified with the success of the Washington street tunnel. l\iir. Farwell is a great power comm~rcially as well as politically.

FREDERICK S. "\VINSTON. Frederick S. Winston, son of our minister to Persia, may be regarded as a native of Chicago although he first saw the light in Kentucky. While Mr. and Mrs. Winston 370 J\'IISCELLANEOUS. 371 were visiting friends in Franklin county, Kentucky, in October, 1856, the subject of this sketch was born. The same year he was brought to Chicago. Consequently, although a young man, being now only in his twenty ninth year, he might be classed among Chicago's "old settlers." At an early age he entered Yale college from which institution he graduated with high honors in 1877. Two years later he was adn1itted to the bar, and he imme diately entered upon the practice of his profession, form ing a partnership with Chester M. Dawes under the firm name of Winston & Dawes. In 1881 Mayor Harrison rec ognizing the ability of Mr. Winston, and believing that his legal ability would be valuable to the city appointed him Assistant Corporation Counsel. In this office he dis played such ability in conducting the legal affairs of the city that on the retirement of Corporation Counsel, Adan1s, in 1883, his eminent fitness for the position was so recognized by the bar and by Mayor Harrison that he was appointed without opposition. He is the youngest man that has hel_d this important office in this city and perhaps in any other. Just before he succeeded Corporation Counsel Adams, he " won his spurs," as Mayor · Harrison phrased it, by successfully arguing before the State Su preme Court the validity of the $103 saloon licenses. Since that time Mr. Winston has frequently and with credit to himself appeareq. in the Supreme Court in impor tant cases in which the city was interested. Among the most notable of the decisions of the Supreme Court, made on the argument of Mr. vVinston, were the rights of the city to obtain revenue from licensing various occupa tions such as distilleries, livery stables, brokers, etc.; the constitutionality of the Harper high license law; the un constitutionality of exemptions claimed from special assess ments, for which he was thanked by the City Council, and the power of the Mayor to veto i terns or })art of an item in 37~ THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. he annual appropriation bill. A very important decision which sustained the right of the city to control the Chi cago river and the bridges, he obtained from the United States Supren1e Court soon after he- became Corporation Counsel. On the formatjon of the -young democracy or ganization in 1884, Mr. Winston was elected its president. Under his management it grew from a bantling with forty six members to an organization numbering 10,000. His official duties .which are numerous and important requir ing all his time, he was compelled to decline a reelection.

JOSEPH STOCKTON. Joseph Stockton, of the transp,)rtation firm of Joseph Stockton & Co., was born in Pittsburgh, Penn., Aug. 10, 1834. He came to Chicago in the spring of 1852. He was in the transportation business until the war broke out, when he enlisted in the Board of Trade regiment. He was in numerous battles, and at the' death of Lieutenant Colonel Wright, at Vicksburg, he was promoted to his place. After the fall of Vicksburg, Colonel Stockton took command of his regiment and retained the position until the close of the war. Colonel Stockton proved him self a brave and fearless soldier, and he was brev~ted brigadier-general for meritorious conduct in the field. Colonel Stockton is an ardent Republican, and has been solicited repeatedly to stand for public preferment. His tr~nsfer firm is now one of the largest in the city.

· MICHAEL RYAN. Six times e~ected to-represent that large constituency, ex-Alderman Ryan, of the fourteenth ward, was one of the most indefatigable n1embers of the City Council. Being a most successful plumber and gas-fitter, he was wisely selected as Chairman of the Committee on Gas Lights. Mr. Ryan is unquestionably one of the busiest men in the community. The same active spirit which characterized him in the MISCELLANEOUS. 373

council and in his every day business, is observable when he appears in the councils. of the Irish Nationalists among whom his standing is. very high. Mr. Ryan was born in Ireland, on Easter Sunday, in 1846. He came to America in 1862, and located in Cincinnati, 0;, where he worked at his ~rade in plumbing until 1867, when he came to Chicago._ In 1869 he went into business for himself, and after the great fire of 1871, he resuscitated a very promising trade wiped out by the flames, in company with his brother. The firm name is now M. Ryan & Bro., and the locality is 421 Milwaukee avenue. He was n1arried to Miss Annia Feeney, in Cin cinnati, 0 . , in 1865.

MICHAEL M'NURNEY. Ex-.A.lderman McNurney, of the tenth, was born at Castlecooke, Cork county, Ireland, March 31, 1830. In 1848 he came to Boston, ·where he becan1e a horseshoer. In 1854 he came to Chicago, and up to 1862 .he worked as a jour neyman fo1; N. Morgan, George Booner, John Traynor and others. He then went into business for himself, and for years did one of the 1nost thriving trades in the West. The dullest day witnessed a busy scene in the old shop, on Pacific avenue, opposite the depot of the 1Iichigan Southern. At present he represents a leading eastern establishment in a kindred enterprise. In 1877 Mr. McNurney ,vas elected alderman, over Smith and Gunders~n, by a plurality of 76. In 1879 he ,vas again elected by T,9 majority, over Lawrence. In 188:!. he with drew in favor of John Connell, who was defeated by Dan Nelson. In 1884 he was elected over Dan Nelson by 279. The ex-Alderman is an unquestioned success socially. It ·behooves hin1 who would visit l\'lr. McNurney. at his home, to request a tune on the bagpipes, and especially to insist on the perforn1ance of Garryowen. 37 4 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

A US TIN J .. DOYLE. One of the n1ost popular gentlemen in Chicago public life is the General Superintendent of the CJ1icago Passen ger Railway. Mr. Doyle was born in Chicago, Sept. 18, 1849. He was collecting for the dry goods firm of ,V. M. Ross & Co., for whom he first carried parcels, when Hon. Daniel O'Hara, that great and good 1nan so universally mourned, n1ade him a clerk in the Recorder's Court. This was in 1865. , In °1868, Mr. Doyle was appointed first deputy, vice Charles· S. Lo ding, who ran against Mr. O'Hara, and was defeated. Mr. Doyle was elected Clerk of the Orimi_ nal Court in 1873, on the People's ticket, by the largest majority given. While in this position our subject found time to study law, and in 1871 he was adn1itted to the bar. As Superintendent of the Chicago police force, after W. · J. McGarigle ai1d before Frederick Ebersold, our subject achieved great fame. Being a splendid =reader of human character he ii1vested the· Police Departn1ent with his own characteristics, and the force during' his administration, it is not too much to say, was without a superior. I-Ie was in defatigable, especially in the develop1nent of the police patrol service. )Vhen he resigned Mayor Harrison accep~ed his resignation with deep regret, and the press and public sympathized heartily with the sentin1ent. THOl\IAS A. CANT.WELL. Senator Cantwell, the youthful-appearing representative of the fourth d1strict, was born in Albany, N. Y., Decem ber 21, 1847. The family settled in lVIorris, Ill., in 1856, where Thon1as attended school. He subsequently gradu ated at Notre Dan1e University. Senator Oantwell's popularity is apparent from the fact that he was elected as a Den1ocrat by a splendid majority in a district that is thoroughly Republican. MISCELLANEOUS. 375

, M. C. M DONALD. Michael C. McDonald, a prominent member of the .Cook County Democracy, in matters P

LUTHER LAFLIN MILLS. The ex-States Attorney for Cook county was born in North Adams, Berkshire county, Nlass., September 3, 1848. When our subject was two years old his father located in Chicago, and here the brilliant States Attorney received his early training. Having matriculated at the Michigan University he began the study of law in the office of Hon. H. N. Hibbard. In 1876 he ·was elected Sta,tes Attorney, running 4,000 ahead of his ticke~. In 1880 he was renominated without opposition and elected by an_ in creased n1ajority. The Alliance, a religious journal thus spoke of Mr. Mills in 1880 : "It is too early to make an estimate of his abilities, but we may state as our sincere belief that he is the Rufus Choate of the ,vest, fuller of blood than Choate, and not destined to remain as Choate did, an ad vocate to the end of his days. "\Ve predict that the people of his adopted state will call him to a wider .field of use fulness as soon as it is felt that he can be spared from guarding the flood gate of crime over at the Criminal Court." MISCELLANEOUS.

JULIAS. JONAS. This gentleman's liberality has placed him deep in the hearts of many a family and. individual in Chicago. On each recurring Christmas he feeds the hungry and clothes the naked, from the building corner of Michigan street and Dearborn avenue. He was elected to represent the Twen tieth ward in 1873. Mr. Jonas was born in Pleshen, Prussia, and is about forty-eight years of age. At the age of fourteen he came to New York and then to Chicago, where he established a hide business at 231 South Water street, and afterwards at 183 Michigan street. He is at present in the wine and liquor trade on Washington street near Clark.

HENRY T. JONES. There is many a silent but strong influence exerted in politics by men whose predilections and the demands of their business positively preclude from selecting political preferment. The history of the gentleman named above il lustrates this fact. Mr. Jones was born in Chippenham., Wiltshire, England, l\'Iarch 9, 1828. An orphan at the age of eleven, and the eldest of three brothers, he came to Chicago in 1851. He had traveled throughout the British Isles and extensively in France, before he concluded to figure in the annals of the Garden City as one of its earliest brick manufacturers. His recollections of great interest refer principally to his early experiences in Chicago. I-Ie tells many a capital story of her early politics, and was a student in the same class with such n1en as Deacon Bross, John ,ventworth and Buckner S. }!orris. He witnessed the exciting episodes enacte~ throughout the South which in1n1ediately preceded the ,var of the Rebellion; being en gaged in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and elsewhere, :filling contracts in masonry for the planters. In 1855 he was pushing a forn1idable business in the 378 THE POLITICAL HIST-ORY OF· CHICAGO.

manufacture of brick, when in 1869 he found himself able toretire with an independence. The great fire of 1871, how ever, and the panic which followed, forced hiin into active business once more. He furnished the brick for the Palmer House, Grand Pacific Hotel, Tremont House, the McCor mick reaper factory, the Cook county hospital, the court house and many other large buildings throughout the great city of Chicago. Mr. Jones is an old men1ber of high standing in Gar den City Lodge A. F. a11d A. M., and Joliet Commandary. Wid

P. J. SEXTON. A staunch Deinocrat is the master builder whose name is inscribed on the Cook County Court House. Mr. Sexton was born in Ireland, October, 1846, and his family ren1ov ed to Cincinnati, Ohio, when he was but three years of age. Here his early life was spent. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to a builder, and building has been his occupation ever since. In 1865 he went to Nash ville, Tenn., and remained there until 1871, when he ~an1e to Chicago shortly after the big fire. The great city of Chicago is dotted with the evidences of his great enter- . prise. The Chicago press thoroughly introduced him to the public by reason of the apparently endless litigation connected with the Court House don1e that was never built, and other portions of that costly edifice. Delays by the county created the trouble. Originally the building was to loom up over the surro~ndings to the height of 366 feet - about the third highest in the world, but the city failed to advance n1011ey to bni_ld their part of the contract and the dome was dispensed with. Forty feet had been erected by the county which was torn down_ MISCELLANEOUS. 379

CHARLES KERN. This gentleman was born at Otterbach, in Rhenish, Bav~ria, Germany, April 18, 1831. At the age of 18, he came to A1nerica, settling in Terre Haute, Indiana, where he became popular in a very short time. In 1862 when the Den1ocratic party had no hopes, he was. non1inated by accla1nation against his will and elected Sheriff of Vigo county, and was recognized as its very best official. In 1865 he can1e to Chicago. In 1868 he was unanimously nominated by the Den1ocrats of Cook county for Sheriff, but was defeated, the county being overwhelmingly Republican. In 1870 he was again nominated, ran three thousand ahead of his ticket and was defeated. In 1872 he was again selected, ran four thousand ahead of his ticket and was defeated. In 1876 he was once more pressed into the field and was elected, by six thousand votes, while the balance of the ticket was defeated by four thousand. Mr. Kern has been mentioned time and ag~in as one of the n1ost available men in Cook county, for the most responsible positions. The well-know restauratuer is presi dent of the Cook county Deinocratic club.

JOHN J. C4RRAN. Mr. Curran, who has been mentioned so frequently in connection with political affairs, especially within the last decade, and whose munificence is a matter of public record, was born in the south of Ireland. Here our subject imbibed the ideas that has caused him to cha1npion the cause of Ireland so conspicuously. The Curran fan1ily first settled in Indiana, where John attend eel the public schools, as also in Lyons, Iowa. At the age of 15 he con1n1enced to earn his own living and has succeeded adn1irably. Being today independently wealthy, he can contribute considerable time as well as n1oney to the gratification of any animadversion, political, scientific 380 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

or otherwise. Time and again he has been mentioned by the Democrats as a most .available man for public distinc tion. He accepted the vice-presidency of the Cook County Democratic Club, when Charles Kern was elected its presi dent, and was also elected president of the Young Democracy. JOHN M. SlIYTH. This gentlen1an is one· of the rnost prominent lights in Republican local politics. Ile is of Irish descent, about forty-two years of age and was born on board of a tempest tosse_d ship off the banks of Newfoundland. John McDon alQ. Smyth was not the only child in the family that made his first appearance in public life on the water. A subse-. quent boy was born on Lake Michigan, off Kenosha, when the fami~y were en route to Chicago. Mr. Smyth's father, J\,f icbael K., originally a school teacher in Ireland, was elected clerk of the North Town of Chicago about 1848, but soon dying left our subject and his brother the support of their n1other. John l\L was first a newspaper carrier for the old Morning Post, launched by Sheehan, Matteson and F. A. Eastman. He also carried papers for J. McNally. At twenty he was city circulator for the Republican, into which the Post had merged. About 1868 be opened, with Ulick Bourke, a sn1all furniture store on the West Side. Dissolving partnership, be then went into business for himself, and is today the leading dealer in the house fur nishing line in the west division. Besides his fine property on the site of old Scammon school, on l\'Iadison street, he owns valuable property on Adan1s street, near Ogden ave nne. He· has long been Chairn1an of the Republican _County Central Comn1ittee, was an elector on the Repu bli can National Committee in 1880·; and in 1884, represented the ninth ward iJ?- the council, and has frequently been spoken of as a candidate for Mayor. He has strong Irish syn1pathies, having conspicuously figured in the national MISCELLANEOUS. 381 league conventions in Boston and Philadelphia. He is now president of the municipal council in the league, and contributes most generously _to the Irish cause. He is an ardent Catholic. , P. MCARTHY. Patrick 1\ticCarthy, ex-County Commissioner, was born in the county of Kerry, Ireland, in 1844;. When seven years of age the family removed to Ottawa, in Canada, and after two years c~me to Lamont, Ill. In 1855 they came to Chicago, locating first on the North Side, where our subject attended school. In 1858, removing to the west division, he continued his studies in St. Patrick's school. Mr. McCarthy is a very successful contractor for the remo val of vessel cargoes.

TIMOTHY RYAN. The ex-Assessor was elected .Assessor of the West Town of Chicago on the Den1ocratic ticket by a majority of 4,930. His opponent was Pleasant Amick, the most formidable candidate for this particular position for ·years, as his thorough competency had been repeatedly tested. Mr. Ryan w_as born in Lin1erick, Ireland, in 1849, an era in history when the Irish infant, awake and asl~ep, breathed the fervent spirit of pure patriotism. It is not a marvel at all that Mr. Ryan commands so firm a position in the affections of his compatriots. The early life in .America of our subject was spent in farming, the family locating in Pittsburgh, Pa. When Mr. Ryan came to Chicago he entered the wi~e and spirit trade, and is now doing busi ness, southwest corner of Harrison and Clinton streets.

JOHN G. NEUMEISTER. The ex-City Clerk was born in 1856 in Chicago. He attended the public schools and then studied at Notre Dame. At the age of eighteen, he engaged in business 382 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. with his father George Neumeister, one of the oldest citi zens and merchants in the city, and still retains the con nection at 16 South Clark street, where the firm transact a most extensive trade in cheese and delicacies. Mr. Neu meister has long been active-in Democratic politics. He was non1inated for Clerk of the North Town and succeeded in carrying every precinct in that division of the city. He made a brilliant fight for the clerkship of the Probate Oourt and was defeated, but when he made the race for the City Clerkship the result was a signal victory.

V{ILLIAl\f BEST. , The ex-Collector of the Town of South Chicago, was born in 1842 in Canterbury, England. ,vhen he was seven years old his family came west, and at the age of twenty-six, he becan1e a partner of Partridge, the well known tobacconist on Randolph street, in anti-fire days. From that tin1e to the present Mr. Best has conducted a flourishing tobacco traffic throughout the United ·states, engineering no less than seventeen institutions and having it might be said monopolized the tobacco trade of all of the hotels. The name of the firn\ is Best, Russell & Co. Seventeen of the most prominent merchants signed ·Mr. Best's bond of twenty-two millions of dollars, the heaviest document ever recorded in this or any other state, so weighty in fact as to cause editorial con1ment by the east ern press. He declined the Democratic nomination for Sheriff in 1886. JOSEPH SOKUP .. Joseph• Sokup, ex-Assessor of the West Town, was born in Prague, the capital of Bohemia, in Austria, in 1845. When eight years of age his parents came to this country, locating in western Virginia. In a short tin1e they ren1oved to Galena, and thence to Chicago. Here Joseph attended the Washington school up to the age of fourteen, when he MISCELLANEOUS. 383 went to work for C. H. McCormick, the great reaper manufacturer. After four years of remunerative industry here, he picked up the harness business in a very brief time. In 1861, at the outbreak of the war, he entered into a con tract making.· harnesses for the government for about three· years,, but was transferred to duty between 1864 and 1865, on the Nash ville and Chattanooga Road. At the close of the war Mr. Sokup established the hatdware and tin roofng business in company with his brother, and is engaged in the business at present. In 1879 he was elected Assessor by a majority of 564 over Pleasant Amick, a very forn1idahle adversary. In 1R82 he was elected by a major ity of about 211 over the same opponent. The election occurred on Tuesday, and l\fr. Sokup was placed upon the ticket as late as 11 o'clock on the night of the Sunday immediately preceding. Mr. Sokup was always ambitious. When he was in his teens he was taken from the cars. bent upon going to Cairo with the Lincoln Guards, under Captain Michaelski, afterwards killed at Chattanooga,. when colonel of the Twenty-fourth.

HENRY HUESMAN. The ex-Supervisor of the West Town of Chicago was born of German parents in Pennsylvania, Oct. 3, 1844. At the age of eight the family removed to Kentucky, and when seventeen years old Henry had already distinguished him self in the classics. Retiring from college he served as bookkeeper for an extensive grocery and dry goods firm in Louisville. In 1867 he ca1ne to Chicago and up to 1870 served as bookKeeper for a wholesale tobacco firm. For several years subsequently he was engaged in the grain traffic, making his headquarters, it might be said, at Janesville, Wis., where he made hosts of friends, as, evidenced by the flattering notices given him by an unanimous press on the occasion of his recent visit to that city•. :384 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

He was elected supervisor by about the largest vote on the ticket. Mr. Huesman is agent for the extensive brewery of Roesing & Bartholn1ae, corner of West Twelfth and Brown streets, anil is a prominent n1en1ber of several singing societies and social clubs. Mr. Huesman is popular with all nationalities and con sequently powerful in politics.

P. B.. 0 ' HARE.' This gentleman was born in the city of Newry, County Down, Ireland, in 1848 and was 17 years of age when he came to America. He cam~ alone and at once engaged in the- dry goods business. In 1870 he came to Chicago and entered the dry goods establishment of A. G. Downs & Co.·, 110 and 112 State street, as a salesman. ' He then went to J. B. Shay's, at 84 and 86 State street. He subsequently engaged in the services of J. V. Farwell & Co., where he today holds one of the most responsible positions. He .was elected West Town Collector by a majority of 3,026, a larger vote than received by any collector before. He was a member of the Democratic County Central Committee for years, and is a prominent figure in politics generally. JOSEPH DIXON. Joseph Dixon, the ex-Warden of the Cook County Hospital, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1837, and as early as 1838 was a resident of the Garden City. What he learned at school would hardly qualify him for the position of Superintendent of Schools, as at the age of 14 we find him off C~arleston, S. C., throwing ropes on the "Annie Dee." He afterward shipped on the J. Y. Scammon and was wrecked on her. Two of his comrades went to the bottom. Dixon not only saved himself, but others. He was an expert swimn1er from his school-days, and has saved as many as five people from watery graves. After the loss of the Scammon, he turned his hand to :MISCELLANEOUS. .38.5

'carpentry. In 1858 he was appointed a complaint clerk under City Marshal Jacob Rehan, and in three weeks was on the detective force. In 1873, under Mayor Colvin, he was appointed Chief .of Detectives. As such he ser~d five · n1onths, when he was appointed Deputy Superintendent. This position he held while Colvin was Mayor, and during Heath's administration. Resigning he went to Colorado to look after certain mining interests in that locality. Returning to Chicago, the Board of County Commissioners tendered him the arduous position of Warden of. the County Hospital. He cared for probably 350 ui1fortunates on an- average, and used about one hundred employes. The public kno,v Joseph Dixon best as a detective. His reputation in this respect is not only national, but is firmly established in many foreign parts. It would require vol umes to detail his experiences in the detection of crimi nals. Probably one of his most noted successes was the apprehension of Alfred Ziegenmeyer :for the murder of Gumbleton. Gumbleton was a stranger in Chicago, was robbed of all ·his effects, and thrown into the cold waters of Lake Michigan. While the affair in its mysterious bearings was challenging the exertions of the greatest de tectives in our midst, Joe Dixon was noiselessly on the track, and when skill confessed defeat in every other quar ter, Dixon stepped out of the darkness and pointed his finger at the assassin in far away Germany, enjoying his bloo4-money without stint. Dixon went to Germany and brought Ziegenmeyer to Chicago, whence he was sent to state prison for life. He died there. While on the force Mr. Dixon escaped assassination many times.

GEORGE MILLER . .This gentleman has been for years prominent among Chicago's citizens, especially those of German ex- 25 386 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. traction. He was born in Bavaria, South Germany, in 1836, and attended college until 1850 - serving, mean while, in the Second Bavarian Dragoons-when he came to Chicago and at once became pron1inent in the leader ship of the Teutonia, Liederkrant_z and other famous sing ing societies. In 1859 he collected west division taxes and was also clerk for Street Commissioner Dunne, afterward drowned in the Mississippi. On October 1, 1860, Mr. Miller was made Second Sergeant on the police force, but resigned in 1864 to become a sidewalk inspector, resum ing police duty he was placed on the detective force and arrested many horse-thieves. In 1865 he was appointed Captain of the third precinct. On May 1, 1866, he a~ cepted the United States inspectorship and subsequently, a superintendency o:f sidewalks. On July 4 he went b~ck on the detective force, rose to a sergeantcy, and on Octo ber 1, 1868, he became Captain of the second precinct. Having withdrawn from the force he commen~ed the practice of law, and is now pushing a lucrative business. HENRY SHROEDER. Henry Shroeder, ex-Alderman of the tenth ward, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1848, having passed through the course of studies usual in the Fatherland, he arrived on these shores at the age of eighteen. He first found employment with the firm of Letz & Easton, as a· livery man at first, but soon, entered the foundery of the former~ Mr. Fred. Letz, at that time engaged in several heavy contracts. He afterward engaged in teaming, which he prosecuted. with success up to the time of the epizootic, when his business failed him. He then embarked in the wine and spirit trade, locating first on the corner of Mil waukee avenue and Kinzie street, but subsequentlv remov ing to No. 140 Milwaukee avenue. Mr. Shroeder was elected, in 1880, on an Independent Democratic ticket; five being in. the field at the time. MISCELLANEOUS. 387

SAMUEL STRITCH. Samuel Stritch is probably one of the most expert ab stract men in the country. He was born in Kerry county, Ireland, and is about thirty-two years of age. His only education was received in Dublin, where his brother taught in the Royal military school of Phrenix P_ar k. He after ward attended school at a beautiful spot overlooking the river Slaney, a sparkling stream in the county of Wicklow. He came to America when fourteen years of age~ and almost ·on his arrival became a book-keeper in Cincinnati. He was employed by A. 0. Peters & Bros., music publish ers, but soon after came to Chicago.. In 1867 he entered the abstract business with Chase Bros. & Co. His exper ience here secured him a position in the tax and abstract department of the Recorder's office.

JAMES E. STEW ART. The ex-Chief Inspector of the north-we~tern division of the postal service station at Chicago, springs from the illustrious Scot.ch house of Stewart. He was born at For fay, Scotland, July 8, 1841. In 1851 the family settled in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Having graduated from the high ·school he entered the law office of Gabe Bouck. He w,e,s studying law when the war occurred. In August, 1862, he entered Company B., Twen~y-first Wisconsin Volunteers. He at once went into active service, participating, among other engagements, in the battle of Perryville, where the regiment lost op.e hundred and ninety-five men, Stone River; Chickamauga, ]\fission Ridge and the March to the Sea, during which he was n1ade captain for gallantry. He received in person the written surrender of Rollin, N. 0. He was mustered out in July, 1865. In 1866, returning to Oshkosh he was appointed a postal clerk and detailed on the North-Western railroad between Cedar Rapids _and 388 'rHE POLITICAL HISTOitY OF CHICAGO.

Omaha. He was appointed chief clerk of the railway mail service in 1869. In 1872 he was appointed Inspector.

:MICHAEL "\VASSERMAN. Ex-County Commissioner Michael vVasserman, who was elected in 1882 by a majority of 2,100, was born in Bavaria in 1846. After a course in classics, our subject had ·a painful experience in early life. For the want of better employment, h~ industriously mutilated his :fingers putting in window glass, and 1night point today to several scars as the result. He embarked in the hardware business in St. Louis, and pursued it in Leavenworth. In 1866 he can1e to 'Chicago, and entered a printing office, issuing after a time a theater programme for Gern1an performances. · He ·afterward became interested in the "\Vest Twelfth street Turner Hall, where he supervised for years its 11un1erous festivities. After the great fire Mr. Wassern1a11 distrib uted, without one cent of compensation, the funds con tributed by the Turner societies of the country in behalf of the victims, and received the universal comn1endation of the public for his honesty and energy. He subsequently established a restaurant at 20 Clark street, but some tin1e ago disposed of it to engage in n1ore congenial business. He is engaged in the wine and liquor traffic, and his place is a well known resort for public men.

JAMES M'HA LE. One of the first white men born in the North Division of Chicago first saw the light April 22, 1838, and his birthplace was No. 244 Illinois street. Having completed a successful course of study, our subject apprenticed hin1- self to the ship carpentering business, and followed it for six years. His first political position may be said to have been under Samuel Chase, Assessor of the North Town of Chi cago. He afterward assisted William V ocke in the collec tion .of North Town taxes; was a deputy under Sheriff MISCELLANEOUS. 389

Agnew, and also under City Clerk Neumeister. He is a member of the Illinois Legislature.

E . A. FILKINS. Edward Augustus Filkins, ex-Clerk of the County Board, and a prominent worker in the Republican ranks, was born in Wheeling, Cook county, May 29 1842. He first went to school in Chicago, and completed his studies in New Haven. Returning to Chicago, he entered the hardware store of his father, whose partner was a Mr. Runyon. In 1861 he joined the Nineteenth Illinois Infantry, enrolling in the three-year service. He was with General Rosecrans in his advance into Kentucky; with General Buell, was present at the last battle of Stone River; and was then assigned to th~ Quartermaster's department up to 1866. In 1867 he entered the County Clerk's office under Edwin S. Solomon afterward governor of Washington Territory; in 1868 he was made a Deputy Clerk in the Circuit Court under Norn1an T. Gassette; was engaged from 1872 to 1874 in real estate, in 187 4 served in the Internal Revenue depart ment, and in · 1877 was appointed Clerk of the County Board. ANTON IMHOF. Anton Imhof was born in Bruckenan, Bavaria, July 8, 1835, and when about nineteen years of age can1e to Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, where he learned the carpentry trade. In 1870 he came to Chicago, where he secured the position of street foren1an for the North D.i vision. In 1880 he was elected Aldern1an of the Sixteenth ward by Democrats and Republicans alike. JOHN RIORDAN. Ex-Alderman Riordan, of the seventh ward, was born in Limerjck, Ireland, in 1830. vVhen eighteen years old he came to New York, and in 1849 arrived in Chicago. His first hard knocks were along the docks, on the old 390 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO •

.Galena, the first road that entered Chicago, and on the Illinois Central fron1 Urbana south. Life became more pleasant when he procured a situation as book-keeper for Farrelli, Boyer & Casey. He was with this firm for about two years, and with Heald & ,v aterhonse afterwards. He finally went into the hay business, locating at No. 531 Throop street. Alderman Riordan has repeatedly succeeded himself in the Council. He takes great interest in the conduct of the police force, and his selection as chairman of the com mittee on police is deemed a most wise selection. The po sition of Aldern1an Riordan in favor of good salaries for the city employes has always been strongly defined.

S. D. FOSS. This gentlen1an was born in Grafton County, New Hampsbire, in 1834. His early life was spent on the farm of his father who was a German vVhig, and is now aged 77. The ex-Alderman is a Republican but ran independ ent. There were three in the field and his plurality was thirteen. ....t\..ttaining his majority he went to Boston and was employed by Mr. Streeter, brother-in-law of the proprietor of the Parker I!ouse. He was a livery keeper. In 1860 he went to Pikes Peak and subsequently located a claim in Leadville. He is now engaged in transportation business. ED"W ARD P . BARRETT. Edward Patrick Barrett, ex-Alderman of the Seven teenth ward, w~s born in Scottsville, Genesee County, New York, July.12, 1840. When very young, the family remoYed to the vicinity of Thora1d, Canada, and settled on a farm. In 1848 Mr. Barrett's father considered it good fortune to have three stacks of wheat all to himself out west. In 1860 the subject of this sketch went south and. drove a tean1 in Louisiana for the firm of Benedict & l\{arshall, MISCELLANEO rrs. 391 contractors. In 1862 he came to Chicago and connected himself with the American Express Company, and was in their employ up to four n1onths after his first election in 1879. He ran upon every road leaving the city, it might be said, except the ~Iichigan Central, and Milwaukee & St. Paul, and while many and many an accident occurred on his train he invariably escaped. In 1881 the Aldern1an was reelected without making scarcely an effort. He was paying strict attention to his duties on the road when apprised of the choice of the people.

GENERAL JAMES SHIELDS. In the "Political History of Chicago," the following sketch, contributed by William J. Onahan, is not out of place. "The hero of two wars and Senator from three states.'' Few public men in the United States had a more event ful cal'eer than General J an1es Shields, and Illinois es pecially has reason to honor his memory and to hold in grateful remembrance his faithful and distinguished r VIces. ~Iember of the Legislature, Auditor of State, Judge of the Supren1e Court he had, by force of character and native ability, attained these different positions of trust and honor in Illinois ; and when war with Mexico was de clared he was holding the position of Commissioner of the General Land Office. · The Congressional delegation from Illinois, headed by Hon. John Wentworth, called on President Polk and urged the appointment of Shields to a military position and rank_, comporting with his ability and the high offices he had filled. The request was granted on the spot, and Shields was commissioned Brigadier General July 1, 1846. He led the Illinois troops in the march to the City of Mexico, and fought with signal gallantry throughout the year- being severely 392 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.. wounded at Cerro Gordo and Ohapultepec -indeed, in the first accounts of the former battle he was reported killed. His capacity, bravery, and soldierly skill, won universal recognition in the army, and is testified to in the general orders issued by General Scott, Commander-in-Chief. At· the battle of Cherubusco General Shields led the attack on the Mexican reserve, under Santa Anna, his command embracing the Illinois and New England brigades and the celebrated ~,Palmetto" regiment from South Carolina. With these troops Shiel

, shown in the fact that the settlement thus formed is now one of the most prosperous farming communities in the state o:f Minnesota. General Shields was elected to the United States Senate from Minnesota, which state he represented from May 12, 1858, to March 3, 1859. He subsequently·moved to Cali fornia; and, not improbably, would have been called to represent that state also in the United States Senate, but, as soon as hostilities broke out between the· North and South., he offered' his services to President Lincoln and was commissioned Brigadier General, August 19, 1861. The general desire of the Irish-.,_\merican soldiers in the army a desire which·was warmly seconded and voiced by General Meagher, Colonel Mulligan and other Irish-American offi cers-was that Shields should be placed in command of an "Irish Division," which could easily have been formed; but the War Department received the suggestion coldly, and nothing was done to carry it into effect. General Shields was given a division in General Banks' army in the Shenandoah valley early in 1862, and con1- manded at the battles of Port Republic and Winchester. In the latter he inflicted a severe repulse on Stonewall Jackson., after having been severely wounded in a skirmish on the previous day. When the rebels evacuated Manassas., Stonewall Jackson and eight thousand men were at Win chester. When Banks advanced, Jackson retired twenty miles south to Strasburg, ·pursued Shields. Banks then moved on to 1\1:anassas and Shields fell back on Winchester. Jackson supposed this was a retreat, and he moved forward again and attacked General Shields at Winchester, March 23, 1862, but was very severely repulsed. It is now well known and admitted, that, as in the in stance of other distinguished officers, the political princi ples held by General Shields and his firm adherence to the Den1ocratic party, formed a barrier to his advancement,. 394 THE POLITICAL HISTORY -OF CHIC.A.GO.

and even to the according hin1 fair recognition for services rendered. Following the memorable campaign .against General Stonewall Jackson, General Shields resigned his commis sion in the army and retired to a farm, which he had ac quired in Carroll county, Missouri, where he 'lived a quiet and retired life as a farmer till 1877, when he was elected a member of the General Assembly of Missouri. In the .san1e year he was appointed Adjutant General, and after wards was elected United States Senator fron1 that state to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Bogy. Thus General Shields had the remarkable distinction, unique, we believe, in the history of the Senate, of having represented three states of the Union in the highest coun cil of the nation. He did not long survive the close of his term of service. He died suddenly in Ottumwa, Iowa, shortly after, follow ing a lecture which he was called there to deliver. General Shields w.as born in the town of Duµgannon, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1810, and in 1826 emigrated to the United States. He n1ade his way to Illinois, settling in Kaskaskia, then the capital, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1832. (During his term of ser vice as member of the legislature, 1836-7, Shields was en trusted by a committee of Chicago citizens, led by .Hon. John Wentworth, with the bill for an act of incorporation and the first charter of the city of Chicago.) Largely through his active and zealous championship the n1easure was pushed through both houses of the Legis lature, so that General Shields niay be said to have obtained the fi'rst clia 1rter for the c-ity of Chicago. ,vhile in the Senate fron1 this state the bill donating a magnificent grant of land in aid of the projected Illinois Central R. R. was introduced, and finally passed. 'l,he vast in1portanee of this n1easure to the develop- MISCELLANEOUS. 395 ment and prosperity of Illinois was scarcely then adequate ly estimated, but subsequent results and existing conditions have amply vindicated the policy and statesmanship of this great and splendid gift. Senator Douglas received at this time aln1ost exclusive credit for this measure, but no small share is in fact justly due to General Shields, who successfully undertook to widen and enlarge the scope of the original grant, and also effected an important change and extension in the pro posed line of road by which it was made to bisect the state from one end to the other, from Galena to Cairo. It is a curious and interesting fact that General Shields was offered the con1mand of the Pontifical army at a time, during the reign of the late Pope Pius IX. when the security of the states of the church, the temporal possess ions of the Holy See_, was menanced by revolution and spoliation. After deliberate consideration the tender was declined. We had this statement from General Shields himself. The career, qualities and character of General Shields may ·well serve as a model and a study for the public men of our time. Rising by regular graduation in public life fron1 the position of a member of the Illinois Legislature in 1836-7, to the responsible post of Auditor of State, then Judge of the Supren1e Court, afterward Commissioner of the General Land Office. which he resigned to take a Gen eral's rank and position in the army_. and finally returning with honorable wounds and a glorious record from Mexico., a grateful state elected hin1 to represent it in the United States Senate; the associate and con1peer of Judge Douglas. These successive honors were not attained by mere accident as son1etimes happens in political life; neither were they won by ·' ;nfluence" or through the favors of personal friends. General Shields worked his own way upward unaided. 396 THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO.

He possessed ability, grit, and sterling honesty. These were the qu~Jities that won. In whatever position General Shields held he made a record for himself as a faithful public servant, and he came out of every public office held by him, from first to last, with untarnished honors. Temptation could not move, bribery and corruption dare not approach him. Great trusts and imrr1ense responsibilities ,vere often in his hands-he was faithful under every condition. Through his long and chequered public career he probably never possessed $5,000 at any one time., He bad modest tastes and simple habits. All that he possessed when he died was a small farm and the jeweled swords presented to him, one by the state of South Caro lina after the Mexican war, the other by the city of New York. These are heirlooms for his children, but a more glorious heritage than all is the splendid record of bis honorable career, his faithful services and stainless char acter as a public officer; his bravery and capacity in the field; his wisdom and energy in council; his fidelity to duty on all occasions and in every circumstance. Nor did General Shields forget his native land. On every fitting opportunity his voice was heard pleading her cause, and championing her right to self-government. I-lad the occasion presented itself, when his sword would have availed in her service, joyously would he have drawn it against his country's hereditary foe. Once indeed, at the close of t~e war, the leaders of the Fenian organization n1ade overtures to hin1 to take the comn1and of a force designed to operate against Canada; but General Shields was too experienced a soldier not to see the folly of such a suicidal raid without adequate arn1s or commissaries, to say naught of the crin1inality of an unjustifiable invasion. Of course he promptly declined the offer; but, as he :MISCELLANEOUS. 397 himself pu hlicly declared, given the inc.ispensable con ·ditions iu Ireland to justify a revolutionary movement, he would not hesitate to lead an arn1ed force to join in tho struggle for Ireland's freedon1. It is known that, in advance of the organization of the Land League, General Shields had elaborated a plan to unite in a solid organization the American Irish, so as to aid in any home n1ovement that n1ight be set on foot for national enfranchisen1ent or local self-governn1ent. General Shields was a devoted Catholic and, in his later years, devoutly attended to the religious duties of his faith. "\Vhen suddenly stricken down in a convent in Ottumwa where he was visiting his niece, to whon1 he was devotedly attached, he still had the opportunity, in his last hours, to receive the holy rites of his Church. His remains are interred in Carrollton, the home of his sorrowing widow and family. No monument yet marks the spot, but a movement is likely to be soon set on foot to erect a suitable shaft over the grave of as pure a man and as brave a soldier as America has known. On that monument may be fittingly inscribed the legend-" Sernper et ubiqu,e fidelis/'