DOCSLIB.ORG

The Annals of Iowa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Annals of Iowa The Annals of Volume 79, Number 1 Iowa Winter 2020 A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HISTORY In This Issue ANDREW KLUMPP describes the founding of the Dutch colony in Sioux County and the efforts of the Dutch settlers to seize and maintain control of county politics. They were able to do so, he argues, because they effectively navigated U.S. political culture while prioritizing the needs of their ethnic colony over partisan politics. SHARON ROMEO assesses five Iowa Supreme Court cases from 1865 to 1879 that addressed Iowa’s criminal seduction statute. She shows how the court’s interpretation of Iowa’s criminal seduction laws promoted a concept of gendered citizenship—the legal logic that demanded that men and wom- en be allocated the rights and obligations of citizenship based on their sex. JASON SHURLEY narrates the career of C. H. McCloy, focusing on the research he did at the University of Iowa that questioned the assumption that weight training would make athletes slow and “muscle bound.” Shurley concludes that the work done by McCloy and his students and colleagues at the University of Iowa was instrumental in establishing the importance of weight training for successful athletes. Front Cover University of Iowa swimmer Charles Mitchell in the 1950s works out with weights to train for his events. Photo courtesy of York Barbell Company. For an account of University of Iowa researcher C. H. McCloy’s role in establishing the viability of weight training for athletes, see Jason Shurley’s article in this issue. Editorial Consultants Rebecca Conard, Middle Tennessee State R. David Edmunds, University of Texas University at Dallas Kathleen Neils Conzen, University of H. Roger Grant, Clemson University Chicago William C. Pratt, University of Nebraska William Cronon, University of Wisconsin– at Omaha Madison Glenda Riley, Ball State University Robert R. Dykstra, State University of Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Iowa State New York at Albany University The Annals of Third Series, Vol. 79, No. 1 Winter 2020 Iowa Marvin Bergman, editor Contents 1 Colony before Party: The Ethnic Origins of Sioux County’s Political Tradition Andrew Klumpp 35 Criminal Seduction and Women’s Citizenship in Iowa, 1865–1879 Sharon Romeo 56 “How about Some Muscle?”: C. H. McCloy and Strength Training Research at the University of Iowa, 1940–1959 84 Book Reviews and Notices 115 Announcements A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HISTORY FOUNDED IN 1863 Copyright 2020 by the State Historical Society of Iowa ISSN 0003-4827 Book Reviews and Notices 84 PATRICK J. JUNG, The Misunderstood Mission of Jean Nicolet: Uncovering the Story of the 1634 Journey, by Roger L. Nichols 85 M. SCOTT HEERMAN, The Alchemy of Slavery: Human Bondage and Emancipation in the Illinois Country, 1730–1865, by Sharon E. Wood 87 SCOTT C. ESPLIN, Return to the City of Joseph: Modern Mormonism’s Contest for the Soul of Nauvoo, by Anna Thompson Hajdik 89 RON J. KELLER, Lincoln in the Illinois Legislature, by Kenneth J. Winkle 91 WAYNE C. TEMPLE, Lincoln’s Confidant: The Life of Noah Brooks, by Robert B. Mitchell 92 JEFFREY L. PATRICK, Campaign for Wilson’s Creek: The Fight for Missouri Begins, by Kenneth L. Lyftogt 93 PAUL FINKELMAN AND DONALD R. KENNON, EDS., Civil War Congress and the Creation of Modern America: A Revolution on the Home Front, by Richard F. Kehrberg 95 PRENTISS INGRAHAM, Buffalo Bill Cody: A Man of the West, by J. T. Murphy 95 MARK E. EBERLE, Kansas Baseball, 1858–1941, by Michael E. Lomax 96 R. RICHARD WAGNER, We’ve Been Here All Along: Wisconsin’s Early Gay History, by Christopher Hommerding 98 MIRANDA E. WILKERSON AND HEATHER RICHMOND, Germans in Illinois, by Alison Clark Efford 100 ZACHARY SMITH, Age of Fear: Othering and American Identity during World War I, by Anita Talsma Gaul 102 SEAN BEIENBURG, Prohibition, The Constitution, and States’ Rights, by Thomas R. Pegram 104 NICK YABLON, Remembrance of Things Present: The Invention of the Time Capsule, by Benjamin Filene 106 JERRY APPS, The Civilian Conservation Corps in Wisconsin: Nature’s Army at Work, by Rebecca Conard 108 DAVID D. VAIL, Chemical Lands: Pesticides, Aerial Spraying, and Health in North America’s Grasslands Since 1945, by Julie Courtwright 109 LAWRENCE J. NELSON AND MATTHEW G. SHOENBACHLER, Nikita Khrushchev’s Journey into America, by Stephen J. Frese 111 DAVID O. DOWLING, A Delicate Aggression: Savagery and Survival in the Iowa Writers’ Workshop, by Jeff Charis-Carlson 113 HARVEY PAYNE AND JAMES P. RONDA, Visions of the Tallgrass: Prairie Photographs by Harvey Payne, by Rebecca Conard Colony before Party: The Ethnic Origins of Sioux County’s Political Tradition ANDREW KLUMPP IN 1920, five decades after the first Dutch settlers arrived in Sioux County, Iowa, the county’s Dutch residents celebrated their community with a Golden Jubilee Pageant. The production dramatized the Dutch colony’s earliest days in northwest Iowa. It told a triumphant story of the Dutch settlers’ arrival and re- counted the challenges they faced on the prairie: tornadoes, bouts of sickness, and plagues of grasshoppers. The drama imagined the moment when the Spirit of the Prairie, representing tumult and toil, ominously greeted the first settlers along with the spirits of heat, cold, drought, smallpox, and cholera. On the other hand, the optimistic Spirit of the West, characterized by hope, faith, opportunity, love, and trust, warmly welcomed the Dutch and introduced the settlers to his companions: sunshine maids, breezes, rains, corn maidens, and the Queen of Autumn. At the climax of these welcomes and warnings, the Dutch stood hand in hand with characters that embodied faith and Christian ser- vice and began to build their new colony.1 I thank Robert Swierenga, Bill Kennedy, Douglas Firth Anderson, Kyle Carpen- ter, Brady Winslow, and the Annals of Iowa’s anonymous reviewers for feedback on earlier drafts of this article and Greta Grond for generous assistance at and access to the Northwestern College Archives. A State Historical Society of Iowa Research Grant for Authors supported the research and writing of this article. 1. Andrew J. Kolyn, Golden Jubilee Pageant, Act 3, September 30, 1920, Orange City, box 1, Orange City History Collection, Northwestern College Archives, Orange City (hereafter cited as NWCA). The use of “Dutchmen” identifies this group as entirely male. Subsequent usages of terms such as “Dutchmen” or “clergymen” do the same. THE ANNALS OF IOWA 79 (Winter 2020). © State Historical Society of Iowa, 2020. 1 2 THE ANNALS OF IOWA Despite this story of perseverance, another force, unnamed by the Golden Jubilee Pageant, opposed the Dutch when they arrived. A small community of non-Dutch settlers already ex- isted in the county, tucked along the banks of the Big Sioux River on Iowa’s border with the Dakota Territory. Although these set- tlers clashed with the Dutch in the colony’s early days, they did not appear on stage in this historical reenactment. They re- ceived only a passing reference as insignificant players in the county’s origin story.2 In this telling, these non-Dutch pioneers were just momentary placeholders who faded into obscurity after surrendering to the newly established Dutch colony. In actuality, fierce tensions flared between Sioux County’s Dutch colony and its non-Dutch residents, and those clashes potently demonstrate how the religiously and ethnically unified Dutch managed to secure control of the county for themselves. The Golden Jubilee Pageant told the story of Sioux County’s nativity from the perspective of those who won the county’s early battles for political and community dominance. When the Dutch arrived in Sioux County, they brought a robust tradition of building colonies in the Midwest. Part of that vision included consolidating political power so they could govern themselves, which inevitably heightened conflicts with their neighbors. This article shows how the Dutch plan for building a colony in north- west Iowa, coupled with shrewd political maneuvering, a prag- matic approach to party politics, and a shared commitment to their colony, allowed the Dutch settlers in Sioux County to seize and maintain control of county politics. More broadly, this study reveals the benefits and limitations of assimilation to U.S. political culture for white Protestant immigrants and the lengths to which some groups would go to protect their rights as new U.S. citizens and their own cultural and political prerogatives. After their arrival, the Dutch immigrants in Sioux County effec- tively navigated U.S. political culture, focusing primarily on keeping members of their colony in positions of power in local government and only secondarily on party politics. They priori- tized colony over party. 2. Ibid., Acts 2, 3. Colony before Party 3 The Nineteenth-Century Dutch Colonizing Tradition When the Dutch arrived in Sioux County, they brought exten- sive experience in building new communities in the Midwest. Their leader, Henry Hospers, was a seasoned immigration vet- eran. As a young man, he had arrived with the vanguard of Dutch settlers in Pella, Iowa, in 1847.3 He witnessed Pella’s de- velopment under Dutch clergyman Henry Scholte’s leadership and the growth of other Dutch immigrant colonies in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Illinois. For the Dutch settlers of Sioux County, those initial settlements served not only as models for their own colony but also as crucial sources of new residents.4 Immigrants from Pella established the Sioux County settlement as a daughter colony, sending early influxes of money and settlers. A strong cultural, religious, and linguistic tether bound the two commu- nities to one another and to the broader constellation of Dutch colonies throughout the Midwest. This meant that the values that defined the broader tradition of nineteenth-century Dutch colonization formatively shaped the Sioux County colony.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Political History of Chicago." Nobody Should Suppose That Because the Fire and Police Depart­ Ments Are Spoken of in This Book That They Are Politi­ Cal Institutions
    THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CHICAGO. BY M. L. AHERN. First Edition. (COVERING THE PERIOD FROM 1837 TO 1887.) LOCAL POLITICS, FROM THE CITY'S BIRTH; CHICAGO'S MAYORS, .ALDER­ MEN AND OTHER OFFICIALS; COUNTY AND FE.DERAL OFFICERS; THE FIRE AND POLICE DEPARTMENTS; THE HAY- MARKET HORROR; MISCELLANEOUS. CHIC.AGO: DONOHUE & HENNEBEaRY~ PRINTERS. AND BINDERS. COPYRIGHT. 1886. BY MICHAEL LOFTUS AHERN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONTENTS. PAGE. The Peoples' Party. ........•••.•. ............. 33 A Memorable Event ...... ••••••••••• f •••••••••••••••••• 38 The New Election Law. .................... 41 The Roll of Honor ..... ............ 47 A Lively Fall Campaign ......... ..... 69 The Socialistic Party ...... ..... ......... 82 CIDCAGO'S MAYORS. William B. Ogden .. ■ ■ C ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ e ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ti ■ 87 Buckner S. Morris. .. .. .. .... ... .... 88 Benjamin W. Raymond ... ........................... 89 Alexander Lloyd .. •· . ................... ... 89 Francis C. Sherman. .. .... ·-... 90 Augustus Garrett .. ...... .... 90 John C. Chapin .. • • ti ••• . ...... 91 James Curtiss ..... .. .. .. 91 James H. Woodworth ........................ 91 Walter S. Gurnee ... .. ........... .. 91 Charles M. Gray. .. .............. •· . 92 Isaac L. Milliken .. .. 92 Levi D. Boone .. .. .. ... 92 Thomas Dyer .. .. .. .. 93 John Wentworth .. .. .. .. 93 John C. Haines. .. .. .. .. ... 93 ,Julian Rumsey ................... 94 John B. Rice ... ..................... 94 Roswell B. Mason ..... ...... 94 Joseph Medill .... 95 Lester L. Bond. ....... 96 Harvey D. Colvin
    [Show full text]
  • Abraham Lincoln and the Power of Public Opinion Allen C
    Civil War Era Studies Faculty Publications Civil War Era Studies 2014 "Public Sentiment Is Everything": Abraham Lincoln and the Power of Public Opinion Allen C. Guelzo Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cwfac Part of the Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Guelzo, Allen C. "'Public Sentiment Is Everything': Abraham Lincoln and the Power of Public Opinion." Lincoln and Liberty: Wisdom for the Ages Ed. Lucas E. Morel (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2014), 171-190. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cwfac/56 This open access book chapter is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "Public Sentiment Is Everything": Abraham Lincoln and the Power of Public Opinion Abstract Book Summary: Since Abraham Lincoln’s death, generations of Americans have studied his life, presidency, and leadership, often remaking him into a figure suited to the needs and interests of their own time. This illuminating volume takes a different approach to his political thought and practice. Here, a distinguished group of contributors argue that Lincoln’s relevance today is best expressed by rendering an accurate portrait of him in his own era. They es ek to understand Lincoln as he understood himself and as he attempted to make his ideas clear to his contemporaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iowa Bystander
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1983 The oI wa Bystander: a history of the first 25 years Sally Steves Cotten Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the African American Studies Commons, Journalism Studies Commons, and the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Cotten, Sally Steves, "The oI wa Bystander: a history of the first 25 years" (1983). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 16720. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/16720 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Iowa Bystander: A history of the first 25 years by Sally Steves Cotten A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Journalism and Mass Communication Signatures have been redacted for privacy Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1983 Copyright © Sally Steves Cotten, 1983 All rights reserved 144841,6 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. THE EARLY YEARS 13 III. PULLING OURSELVES UP 49 IV. PREJUDICE IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA 93 V. FIGHTING FOR DEMOCRACY 123 VI. CONCLUSION 164 VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 175 VIII. APPENDIX A STORY AND FEATURE ILLUSTRATIONS 180 1894-1899 IX. APPENDIX B ADVERTISING 1894-1899 182 X. APPENDIX C POLITICAL CARTOONS AND LOGOS 1894-1899 184 XI.
    [Show full text]
  • Tulip Time, U
    TULIP TIME, U. S. A.: STAGING MEMORY, IDENTITY AND ETHNICITY IN DUTCH-AMERICAN COMMUNITY FESTIVALS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Terence Guy Schoone-Jongen, M. A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Thomas Postlewait, Advisor Professor Dorothy Noyes Professor Alan Woods Adviser Theatre Graduate Program ABSTRACT Throughout the United States, thousands of festivals, like St. Patrick’s Day in New York City or the Greek Festival and Oktoberfest in Columbus, annually celebrate the ethnic heritages, values, and identities of the communities that stage them. Combining elements of ethnic pride, nostalgia, sentimentality, cultural memory, religous values, political positions, economic motive, and the spirit of celebration, these festivals are well-organized performances that promote a community’s special identity and heritage. At the same time, these festivals usually reach out to the larger community in an attempt to place the ethnic community within the American fabric. These festivals have a complex history tied to the “melting pot” history of America. Since the twentieth century many communities and ethnic groups have struggled to hold onto or reclaim a past that gradually slips away. Ethnic heritage festivals are one prevalent way to maintain this receding past. And yet such ii festivals can serve radically different aims, socially and politically. In this dissertation I will investigate how these festivals are presented and why they are significant for both participants and spectators. I wish to determine what such festivals do and mean. I will examine five Dutch American festivals, three of which are among the oldest ethnic heritage festivals in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Chicago Police and the Labor and Urban Crises of the Late Twentieth Century
    The Patrolmen’s Revolt: Chicago Police and the Labor and Urban Crises of the Late Twentieth Century By Megan Marie Adams A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Robin Einhorn, Chair Professor Richard Candida-Smith Professor Kim Voss Fall 2012 1 Abstract The Patrolmen’s Revolt: Chicago Police and the Labor and Urban Crises of the Late Twentieth Century by Megan Marie Adams Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Robin Einhorn, Chair My dissertation uncovers a history of labor insurgency and civil rights activism organized by the lowest-ranking members of the Chicago police. From 1950 to 1984, dissenting police throughout the city reinvented themselves as protesters, workers, and politicians. Part of an emerging police labor movement, Chicago’s police embodied a larger story where, in an era of “law and order” politics, cities and police departments lost control of their police officers. My research shows how the collective action and political agendas of the Chicago police undermined the city’s Democratic machine and unionized an unlikely group of workers during labor’s steep decline. On the other hand, they both perpetuated and protested against racial inequalities in the city. To reconstruct the political realities and working lives of the Chicago police, the dissertation draws extensively from new and unprocessed archival sources, including aldermanic papers, records of the Afro-American Patrolman’s League, and previously unused collections documenting police rituals and subcultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Formative Years, Youth Memories, and the Life Course of Older Dutch-Americans: the Role of Ethnicity and Religion
    Double Dutch? Formative Years, Youth Memories, and the Life Course of Older Dutch-Americans: The Role of Ethnicity and Religion Peter Ester In their classic study on ethnic Americans, Dinnerstein and Reimers show that the massive flow of immigrants from western and northern Europe in the 19th century has largely been absorbed into mainstream American culture.1 Assimilation is the rule, rather than the exception. The longer immigrant groups have lived in the United States, the more they have given up their original culture and the more they have assimilated. The loss of what Dinnerstein and Reimers call “Old World culture” is above all observed in the abandoning of native immigrant languages in everyday life, in the church, in schools, in ethnic media, and in increasing intermarriage (“the ultimate form of assimilation”). These trends can be observed among protestant Dutch-American immigrants as well but at a much slower pace. Most immigrant groups have been assimilated in three generations. Dutch protestant immigrants “resisted (structural) assimilation until the fourth and even fifth generation thanks to their church-related institutions and still cling to their (symbolic) ethno-religious identity.”2 Dutch protestant immigrants in the mid-nineteenth century crossed the Atlantic as a group and settled as a group in their Michigan and Iowa enclaves.3 They settled as Dutch secessionist Calvinists, bringing their own peculiar history, culture, religion, and identity. Part of their Calvinist way of life was to keep the sinful world at a distance and to carefully regulate cultural borders between themselves and the world. This unique combination of collective emigration and settling, ethnicity, and religion was a major barrier to rapid assimilation and Americanization.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Hundred Years of American Life and Culture: a List of Titles at the Library of Congress
    Four Hundred Years of American Life and Culture: A List of Titles at the Library of Congress Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................2 Colonial America ....................................................................3 Farm and Frontier ...................................................................14 Cowboys and Ranchers ..............................................................25 Gold Rush ........................................................................33 Washington, D.C. ...................................................................38 Drink ............................................................................52 Medicine .........................................................................58 Currency ..........................................................................66 Language .........................................................................71 Women ...........................................................................80 African Americans ..................................................................83 Asian Immigrants ...................................................................90 Hispanic Immigrants ................................................................94 Jewish Immigrants .................................................................102 German Immigrants ................................................................106 Scandinavian Immigrants ............................................................109
    [Show full text]
  • A Dutch Confederate
    bmgn - Low Countries Historical Review | Volume 132-2 (2017) | pp. 27-50 A Dutch Confederate Charles Liernur Defends Slavery in America michael j. douma 27 In the 1850s and 1860s, Dutch immigrants in America struggled to square their racial views with the politics of slavery in their new country. The historiography of the Dutch world would benefit from incorporating this story, because it is often in moments of conflict when the most explicit expressions of ideology present themselves. The letters of Charles Liernur, a Dutch-born Confederate, provide a unique insight into the mind of an explicit supporter of slavery in an American context. How and why a Dutchman could defend slavery is the primary question this article addresses. Building on Liernur’s story, this article also challenges the standard view that Dutch Americans were natural opponents of slavery. Instead, they held diverse and ambiguous views, shaped in part by the circumstances of their settlement. Een Nederlandse 'Confederate': Charles Liernur verdedigt slavernij in Amerika In de jaren vijftig en zestig van de negentiende eeuw hadden Nederlandse immigranten in Amerika grote moeite een standpunt in te nemen met betrekking tot de slavernij. Een analyse daarvan lijkt van belang voor de Nederlandse geschiedschrijving, omdat ideologische overtuigingen vaak tijdens conflicten op scherpe wijze uitgedragen worden. De brieven van Charles Liernur, een Nederlandse ‘Confederate’, bieden een unieke blik op de denkwereld van een uitgesproken voorstander van de slavernij. Hoe en waarom kon een Nederlander zo fel de slavernij verdedigen? Dat is de centrale vraag waarop dit artikel een antwoord probeert te geven. Het verhaal van Liernur laat zien dat de gangbare visie, dat Nederlandse Amerikanen van nature tegenstanders van de slavernij waren, niet klopt.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Dutch America in the Twentieth Century
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 4-2012 Faithful Remembering: Constructing Dutch America in the Twentieth Century David E. Zwart Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Anthropology Commons, Religion Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Zwart, David E., "Faithful Remembering: Constructing Dutch America in the Twentieth Century" (2012). Dissertations. 23. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/23 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FAITHFUL REMEMBERING: CONSTRUCTING DUTCH AMERICA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by David E. Zwart A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Advisor: Edwin Martini, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan April 2012 THE GKADUATE COLLEGE WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN March 12, 2012 Date WE HEREBY APPROVETHE DISSERTATIONSUBMITTED BY David E. Zwart ENTITLED Faithful Remembering: Constructing Dutch America intheTwentieth Century AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENTOFTHE REQUIREMENTS FORTHE DECREE OF Doctor ofPhilosophy History (Department) History (Program) Mitch Kachun, PMX Dissertation ReviewCommittee Member Robert Ulfri, Pt»,D. DissertationReviewCommittee Member APPROVED i Date .A^QTtl rUXl' DeanorTheGraduate College FAITHFUL REMEMBERING: CONSTRUCTING DUTCH AMERICA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY David E. Zwart, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2012 The people of the Dutch-American community constructed and maintained a strong ethnoreligion identity in the twentieth despite pressures to join the mainstream of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • A Transnational Colonial Migration: Puerto Rico’S Farm Labor Program
    New West Indian Guide Vol. 84, no. 3-4 (2010), pp. 225-251 URL: http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/nwig/index URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-100889 Copyright: content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License ISSN: 1382-2373 JORGE DUANY A TRANSNATIONAL COLONIAL MIGRATION: PUERTO RICO’S FARM LABOR PROGRAM On July 25, 1898, U.S. troops invaded Puerto Rico during the Spanish- Cuban-American War and have retained a strong presence there ever since.1 In 1901, the U.S. Supreme Court paradoxically defined the Island as “foreign to the United States in a domestic sense,” neither a state of the American union nor an independent country (Burnett & Marshall 2001). The Court later ruled that Puerto Rico was an “unincorporated territory” “belonging to but not a part of” the United States, meaning that the U.S. Congress would determine which parts of the U.S. Constitution applied to the Island. In 1904, the Court declared that Puerto Ricans were not “aliens” for immigration pur- poses and could not be denied entry into the U.S. mainland (Erman 2008). In 1917, Congress granted U.S. citizenship to all persons born on the Island, but did not extend them all constitutional rights and obligations, such as having Congressional representation or paying federal income taxes. In 1952, Puerto Rico became a U.S. Commonwealth (or Estado Libre Asociado, in Spanish) with limited autonomy over local matters, such as taxa- tion, education, health, housing, culture, and language. Still, the federal gov- ernment retained jurisdiction in most state affairs, including citizenship, immi- gration, customs, defense, currency, transportation, communications, foreign trade, and diplomacy.
    [Show full text]
  • “The Wisest Radical of All”: Reelection (September-November, 1864)
    Chapter Thirty-four “The Wisest Radical of All”: Reelection (September-November, 1864) The political tide began turning on August 29 when the Democratic national convention met in Chicago, where Peace Democrats were unwilling to remain in the background. Lincoln had accurately predicted that the delegates “must nominate a Peace Democrat on a war platform, or a War Democrat on a peace platform; and I personally can’t say that I care much which they do.”1 The convention took the latter course, nominating George McClellan for president and adopting a platform which declared the war “four years of failure” and demanded that “immediate efforts be made for a cessation of hostilities, with a view to an ultimate convention of the states, or other peaceable means, to the end that, at the earliest practicable moment, peace may be restored on the basis of the Federal Union of the States.” This “peace plank,” the handiwork of Clement L. Vallandigham, implicitly rejected Lincoln’s Niagara Manifesto; the Democrats would require only union as a condition for peace, whereas the Republicans insisted on union and emancipation. The platform also called for the restoration of “the rights of the States 1 Noah Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, ed. Herbert Mitgang (1895; Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), 164. 3726 Michael Burlingame – Abraham Lincoln: A Life – Vol. 2, Chapter 34 unimpaired,” which implied the preservation of slavery.2 As McClellan’s running mate, the delegates chose Ohio Congressman George Pendleton, a thoroughgoing opponent of the war who had voted against supplies for the army. As the nation waited day after day to see how McClellan would react, Lincoln wittily opined that Little Mac “must be intrenching.” More seriously, he added that the general “doesn’t know yet whether he will accept or decline.
    [Show full text]
  • 835 Laguna Street ,Santa Barbara, California 93101 Telephone: (805) 963-1909 Telefax: (805) 963-1650
    RA R E BOOKS XXXI RANDALL HOUSE 835 Laguna Street ,Santa Barbara, California 93101 Telephone: (805) 963-1909 Telefax: (805) 963-1650 email: [email protected] website: www.randallhouserarebooks.com RANDALL HOUSE 835 Laguna Street Santa Barbara, California 93101 Telephone: (805) 963-1909 Telefax: (805) 963-1650 email: [email protected] website: www.randallhouserarebooks.com Satisfaction guaranteed. Any item may be returned within seven days of receipt if notice is given immediately and the item returned in the same condition as received. Code word for this catalogue is “WEST”. It will be construed as “From the Caroline Spaulding Catalogue please send the following items.” Prices are net; carriage and insurance additional. California residents will be charged 7.75% state sales tax. New customers are requested to send payment with order or supply appropriate references. Mastercard,VISA and American Express accepted. Institutional requirements accommodated. Randall House deals in rare books in all fields including Americana, Literature, Press Books and Fine Printing, Sporting Books, Books about Books, Illustrated Books, Sets and Fine Bindings, as well as Autographs and Manuscripts. Our interests also include original art and illustration, as well as prints of a literary or historical nature. We also offer expert appraisal service for material in these fields. Our shop, located in the premises of a National Historic Landmark, is open to the public Monday through Friday,10.00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.; Saturday, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Answering and fax machines on duty during non-office hours. Ronald R. Randall Pia Oliver Outside cover, see #147 - Rare view of San Francisco see item #2 4 1 ABBOTT, Mamie Goulet.
    [Show full text]