The Annals of Volume 79, Number 1 Iowa Winter 2020 A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HISTORY In This Issue ANDREW KLUMPP describes the founding of the Dutch colony in Sioux County and the efforts of the Dutch settlers to seize and maintain control of county politics. They were able to do so, he argues, because they effectively navigated U.S. political culture while prioritizing the needs of their ethnic colony over partisan politics. SHARON ROMEO assesses five Iowa Supreme Court cases from 1865 to 1879 that addressed Iowa’s criminal seduction statute. She shows how the court’s interpretation of Iowa’s criminal seduction laws promoted a concept of gendered citizenship—the legal logic that demanded that men and wom- en be allocated the rights and obligations of citizenship based on their sex. JASON SHURLEY narrates the career of C. H. McCloy, focusing on the research he did at the University of Iowa that questioned the assumption that weight training would make athletes slow and “muscle bound.” Shurley concludes that the work done by McCloy and his students and colleagues at the University of Iowa was instrumental in establishing the importance of weight training for successful athletes. Front Cover University of Iowa swimmer Charles Mitchell in the 1950s works out with weights to train for his events. Photo courtesy of York Barbell Company. For an account of University of Iowa researcher C. H. McCloy’s role in establishing the viability of weight training for athletes, see Jason Shurley’s article in this issue. Editorial Consultants Rebecca Conard, Middle Tennessee State R. David Edmunds, University of Texas University at Dallas Kathleen Neils Conzen, University of H. Roger Grant, Clemson University Chicago William C. Pratt, University of Nebraska William Cronon, University of Wisconsin– at Omaha Madison Glenda Riley, Ball State University Robert R. Dykstra, State University of Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Iowa State New York at Albany University The Annals of Third Series, Vol. 79, No. 1 Winter 2020 Iowa Marvin Bergman, editor Contents 1 Colony before Party: The Ethnic Origins of Sioux County’s Political Tradition Andrew Klumpp 35 Criminal Seduction and Women’s Citizenship in Iowa, 1865–1879 Sharon Romeo 56 “How about Some Muscle?”: C. H. McCloy and Strength Training Research at the University of Iowa, 1940–1959 84 Book Reviews and Notices 115 Announcements A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HISTORY FOUNDED IN 1863 Copyright 2020 by the State Historical Society of Iowa ISSN 0003-4827 Book Reviews and Notices 84 PATRICK J. JUNG, The Misunderstood Mission of Jean Nicolet: Uncovering the Story of the 1634 Journey, by Roger L. Nichols 85 M. SCOTT HEERMAN, The Alchemy of Slavery: Human Bondage and Emancipation in the Illinois Country, 1730–1865, by Sharon E. Wood 87 SCOTT C. ESPLIN, Return to the City of Joseph: Modern Mormonism’s Contest for the Soul of Nauvoo, by Anna Thompson Hajdik 89 RON J. KELLER, Lincoln in the Illinois Legislature, by Kenneth J. Winkle 91 WAYNE C. TEMPLE, Lincoln’s Confidant: The Life of Noah Brooks, by Robert B. Mitchell 92 JEFFREY L. PATRICK, Campaign for Wilson’s Creek: The Fight for Missouri Begins, by Kenneth L. Lyftogt 93 PAUL FINKELMAN AND DONALD R. KENNON, EDS., Civil War Congress and the Creation of Modern America: A Revolution on the Home Front, by Richard F. Kehrberg 95 PRENTISS INGRAHAM, Buffalo Bill Cody: A Man of the West, by J. T. Murphy 95 MARK E. EBERLE, Kansas Baseball, 1858–1941, by Michael E. Lomax 96 R. RICHARD WAGNER, We’ve Been Here All Along: Wisconsin’s Early Gay History, by Christopher Hommerding 98 MIRANDA E. WILKERSON AND HEATHER RICHMOND, Germans in Illinois, by Alison Clark Efford 100 ZACHARY SMITH, Age of Fear: Othering and American Identity during World War I, by Anita Talsma Gaul 102 SEAN BEIENBURG, Prohibition, The Constitution, and States’ Rights, by Thomas R. Pegram 104 NICK YABLON, Remembrance of Things Present: The Invention of the Time Capsule, by Benjamin Filene 106 JERRY APPS, The Civilian Conservation Corps in Wisconsin: Nature’s Army at Work, by Rebecca Conard 108 DAVID D. VAIL, Chemical Lands: Pesticides, Aerial Spraying, and Health in North America’s Grasslands Since 1945, by Julie Courtwright 109 LAWRENCE J. NELSON AND MATTHEW G. SHOENBACHLER, Nikita Khrushchev’s Journey into America, by Stephen J. Frese 111 DAVID O. DOWLING, A Delicate Aggression: Savagery and Survival in the Iowa Writers’ Workshop, by Jeff Charis-Carlson 113 HARVEY PAYNE AND JAMES P. RONDA, Visions of the Tallgrass: Prairie Photographs by Harvey Payne, by Rebecca Conard Colony before Party: The Ethnic Origins of Sioux County’s Political Tradition ANDREW KLUMPP IN 1920, five decades after the first Dutch settlers arrived in Sioux County, Iowa, the county’s Dutch residents celebrated their community with a Golden Jubilee Pageant. The production dramatized the Dutch colony’s earliest days in northwest Iowa. It told a triumphant story of the Dutch settlers’ arrival and re- counted the challenges they faced on the prairie: tornadoes, bouts of sickness, and plagues of grasshoppers. The drama imagined the moment when the Spirit of the Prairie, representing tumult and toil, ominously greeted the first settlers along with the spirits of heat, cold, drought, smallpox, and cholera. On the other hand, the optimistic Spirit of the West, characterized by hope, faith, opportunity, love, and trust, warmly welcomed the Dutch and introduced the settlers to his companions: sunshine maids, breezes, rains, corn maidens, and the Queen of Autumn. At the climax of these welcomes and warnings, the Dutch stood hand in hand with characters that embodied faith and Christian ser- vice and began to build their new colony.1 I thank Robert Swierenga, Bill Kennedy, Douglas Firth Anderson, Kyle Carpen- ter, Brady Winslow, and the Annals of Iowa’s anonymous reviewers for feedback on earlier drafts of this article and Greta Grond for generous assistance at and access to the Northwestern College Archives. A State Historical Society of Iowa Research Grant for Authors supported the research and writing of this article. 1. Andrew J. Kolyn, Golden Jubilee Pageant, Act 3, September 30, 1920, Orange City, box 1, Orange City History Collection, Northwestern College Archives, Orange City (hereafter cited as NWCA). The use of “Dutchmen” identifies this group as entirely male. Subsequent usages of terms such as “Dutchmen” or “clergymen” do the same. THE ANNALS OF IOWA 79 (Winter 2020). © State Historical Society of Iowa, 2020. 1 2 THE ANNALS OF IOWA Despite this story of perseverance, another force, unnamed by the Golden Jubilee Pageant, opposed the Dutch when they arrived. A small community of non-Dutch settlers already ex- isted in the county, tucked along the banks of the Big Sioux River on Iowa’s border with the Dakota Territory. Although these set- tlers clashed with the Dutch in the colony’s early days, they did not appear on stage in this historical reenactment. They re- ceived only a passing reference as insignificant players in the county’s origin story.2 In this telling, these non-Dutch pioneers were just momentary placeholders who faded into obscurity after surrendering to the newly established Dutch colony. In actuality, fierce tensions flared between Sioux County’s Dutch colony and its non-Dutch residents, and those clashes potently demonstrate how the religiously and ethnically unified Dutch managed to secure control of the county for themselves. The Golden Jubilee Pageant told the story of Sioux County’s nativity from the perspective of those who won the county’s early battles for political and community dominance. When the Dutch arrived in Sioux County, they brought a robust tradition of building colonies in the Midwest. Part of that vision included consolidating political power so they could govern themselves, which inevitably heightened conflicts with their neighbors. This article shows how the Dutch plan for building a colony in north- west Iowa, coupled with shrewd political maneuvering, a prag- matic approach to party politics, and a shared commitment to their colony, allowed the Dutch settlers in Sioux County to seize and maintain control of county politics. More broadly, this study reveals the benefits and limitations of assimilation to U.S. political culture for white Protestant immigrants and the lengths to which some groups would go to protect their rights as new U.S. citizens and their own cultural and political prerogatives. After their arrival, the Dutch immigrants in Sioux County effec- tively navigated U.S. political culture, focusing primarily on keeping members of their colony in positions of power in local government and only secondarily on party politics. They priori- tized colony over party. 2. Ibid., Acts 2, 3. Colony before Party 3 The Nineteenth-Century Dutch Colonizing Tradition When the Dutch arrived in Sioux County, they brought exten- sive experience in building new communities in the Midwest. Their leader, Henry Hospers, was a seasoned immigration vet- eran. As a young man, he had arrived with the vanguard of Dutch settlers in Pella, Iowa, in 1847.3 He witnessed Pella’s de- velopment under Dutch clergyman Henry Scholte’s leadership and the growth of other Dutch immigrant colonies in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Illinois. For the Dutch settlers of Sioux County, those initial settlements served not only as models for their own colony but also as crucial sources of new residents.4 Immigrants from Pella established the Sioux County settlement as a daughter colony, sending early influxes of money and settlers. A strong cultural, religious, and linguistic tether bound the two commu- nities to one another and to the broader constellation of Dutch colonies throughout the Midwest. This meant that the values that defined the broader tradition of nineteenth-century Dutch colonization formatively shaped the Sioux County colony.