Constructing Dutch America in the Twentieth Century
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Going Dutch Drug Policy at the Crossroads
POLICY ESSAY DRUG MARKET CONFLICTS IN AMSTERDAM Going Dutch Drug Policy at the Crossroads Craig Reinarman University of California—Santa Cruz ince the 1970s, Dutch drug law and policy have moved away from punitive prohi- bition toward a harm reduction model, with the objective of minimizing the harms S associated with both drug abuse and drug policy. Scott Jacques, Richard Rosenfeld, Richard Wright, and Frank van Gemert (2016, this issue) investigate whether the de facto decriminalization of cannabis in the Netherlands, with its semi-licit system of licensed retail sales in “coffeeshops,” reduces the crime and violence often found in illicit drug markets. I say “de facto decriminalization” and “semi-licit system” because, as the authors note, the Dutch have made it effectively legal for anyone older than 18 years of age to walk in the front door of coffeeshops and buy small amounts of cannabis, but it remains illegal to bring supplies of that cannabis in the back door of coffeeshops. This “back door problem,” as the Dutch call it, has caused trouble for coffeeshop owners and growers and no shortage of debate in Parliament. But for decades, coffeeshops have functioned reasonably well within this legally ambiguous space, with cannabis finding its way to consumers with few problems and little policing. To contextualize Jacques et al.’s (2016) contribution, it may be useful to recall how cannabis was criminalized and why the Dutch departure from criminalization is historically significant. Until the Netherlands shifted its drug policy toward harm reduction (avant la lettre) in 1976, cannabis was prohibited around the world on pain of criminal punish- ment (Levine, 2003). -
Tulip Time, U
TULIP TIME, U. S. A.: STAGING MEMORY, IDENTITY AND ETHNICITY IN DUTCH-AMERICAN COMMUNITY FESTIVALS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Terence Guy Schoone-Jongen, M. A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Thomas Postlewait, Advisor Professor Dorothy Noyes Professor Alan Woods Adviser Theatre Graduate Program ABSTRACT Throughout the United States, thousands of festivals, like St. Patrick’s Day in New York City or the Greek Festival and Oktoberfest in Columbus, annually celebrate the ethnic heritages, values, and identities of the communities that stage them. Combining elements of ethnic pride, nostalgia, sentimentality, cultural memory, religous values, political positions, economic motive, and the spirit of celebration, these festivals are well-organized performances that promote a community’s special identity and heritage. At the same time, these festivals usually reach out to the larger community in an attempt to place the ethnic community within the American fabric. These festivals have a complex history tied to the “melting pot” history of America. Since the twentieth century many communities and ethnic groups have struggled to hold onto or reclaim a past that gradually slips away. Ethnic heritage festivals are one prevalent way to maintain this receding past. And yet such ii festivals can serve radically different aims, socially and politically. In this dissertation I will investigate how these festivals are presented and why they are significant for both participants and spectators. I wish to determine what such festivals do and mean. I will examine five Dutch American festivals, three of which are among the oldest ethnic heritage festivals in the United States. -
Going Dutch American Women’S Club May/June 2018 of the Hague
The Magazine of the Going Dutch American Women’s Club May/June 2018 of The Hague 5 Officers and Chairwomen WELCOME 6 Message from the President In our I.P.L Permanent Hair Removal Studio 7 May Installation of Officers 7 June Volunteer Appreciation Luncheon 8 Letter from the Editor 11 10 Membership It’s official! There’s a new Board for 2018- 11 Board Election 2019 12 Board Election Collage 14 Ongoing Activities SUPER DEAL 22 One-of-a-Kind Activities Full legs, only 99,00 24 Memorial Day at Margraten € 26 Summer Beach Barbeque One time payment treatment until satisfied! Benefit 30 May Calendar 38 32 June Calendar 35 Easter Basket Collage Kudos to our Members who were honored IPL METHODE at the FAWCO Interim Meeting 36 The Dutch Daily 38 FAWCO Corner 41 FAWCO IM Wrap-up Book your free intake online at, 42 FAWCO Collage www.lifestylesalonthehague.nl 44 The Approach of Day Zero 48 Dinner at Amerongen Castle Location: 51 Announcements Denneweg 56, With a listening and caring team 2514 CH The Hague we strive to be your daymaker ! 56 Classifieds Tel. 070 - 345 8442 www.lifestylesalonthehague.nl The whole building is powered by solar energy 48 57 Index of Advertisers 57 Ad Rates Five-course dinner in a Dutch castle with a touch of Harry Potter! 58 Proost! Interview MAY/JUNE 2018 3 Editor Suzanne MacNeil 2018-2019 AWC Officers Committee Chairs Design and Layout Honorary President Diane Hoekstra Activities: Open Teresa Mahoney Arts: Jane Choy President Suzanne MacNeil Assistant Treasurer: Open Cover Photo Sunrise Over The Hague on a Cloudy Day -
Formative Years, Youth Memories, and the Life Course of Older Dutch-Americans: the Role of Ethnicity and Religion
Double Dutch? Formative Years, Youth Memories, and the Life Course of Older Dutch-Americans: The Role of Ethnicity and Religion Peter Ester In their classic study on ethnic Americans, Dinnerstein and Reimers show that the massive flow of immigrants from western and northern Europe in the 19th century has largely been absorbed into mainstream American culture.1 Assimilation is the rule, rather than the exception. The longer immigrant groups have lived in the United States, the more they have given up their original culture and the more they have assimilated. The loss of what Dinnerstein and Reimers call “Old World culture” is above all observed in the abandoning of native immigrant languages in everyday life, in the church, in schools, in ethnic media, and in increasing intermarriage (“the ultimate form of assimilation”). These trends can be observed among protestant Dutch-American immigrants as well but at a much slower pace. Most immigrant groups have been assimilated in three generations. Dutch protestant immigrants “resisted (structural) assimilation until the fourth and even fifth generation thanks to their church-related institutions and still cling to their (symbolic) ethno-religious identity.”2 Dutch protestant immigrants in the mid-nineteenth century crossed the Atlantic as a group and settled as a group in their Michigan and Iowa enclaves.3 They settled as Dutch secessionist Calvinists, bringing their own peculiar history, culture, religion, and identity. Part of their Calvinist way of life was to keep the sinful world at a distance and to carefully regulate cultural borders between themselves and the world. This unique combination of collective emigration and settling, ethnicity, and religion was a major barrier to rapid assimilation and Americanization. -
Criminal Code
Criminal Code Warning: this is not an official translation. Under all circumstances the original text in Dutch language of the Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht) prevails. The State accepts no liability for damage of any kind resulting from the use of this translation. Criminal Code (Text valid on: 01-10-2012) Act of 3 March 1881 We WILLEM III, by the grace of God, King of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxemburg etc. etc. etc. Greetings to all who shall see or hear these presents! Be it known: Whereas We have considered that it is necessary to enact a new Criminal Code; We therefore, having heard the Council of State, and in consultation with the States General, have approved and decreed as We hereby approve and decree, to establish the following provisions which shall constitute the Criminal Code: Book One. General Provisions Part I. Scope of Application of Criminal Law Section 1 1. No act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under the law at the time of its commission shall be punishable by law. 2. Where the statutory provisions in force at the time when the criminal offence was committed are later amended, the provisions most favourable to the suspect or the defendant shall apply. Section 2 The criminal law of the Netherlands shall apply to any person who commits a criminal offence in the Netherlands. Section 3 The criminal law of the Netherlands shall apply to any person who commits a criminal offence on board a Dutch vessel or aircraft outside the territory of the Netherlands. -
What Drives Europeans to Syria, and to Insights From
WHAT DRIVES EUROPEANS TO SYRIA, AND TO IS? INSIGHTS FROM THE BELGIAN CASE EGMONT PAPER 75 WHAT DRIVES EUROPEANS TO SYRIA, AND TO IS? INSIGHTS FROM THE BELGIAN CASE Rik COOLSAET March 2015 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision-making process. President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc OTTE Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: punctilio.be ISBN 978 90 382 2484 8 D/2015/4804/92 U 2335 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publishers. Table of Contents Introduction . -
Anneke Jans' Maternal Grandfather and Great Grandfather
Anneke Jans’ Maternal Grandfather and Great Grandfather By RICIGS member, Gene Eiklor I have been writing a book about my father’s ancestors. Anneke Jans is my 10th Great Grandmother, the “Matriarch of New Amsterdam.” I am including part of her story as an Appendix to my book. If it proves out, Anneke Jans would be the granddaughter of Willem I “The Silent” who started the process of making the Netherlands into a republic. Since the records and info about Willem I are in the hands of the royals and government (the Royals are buried at Delft under the tomb of Willem I) I took it upon myself to send the Appendix to Leiden University at Leiden. Leiden University was started by Willem I. An interesting fact is that descendants of Anneke have initiated a number of unsuccessful attempts to recapture Anneke’s land on which Trinity Church in New York is located. In Chapter 2 – Dutch Settlement, page 29, Anneke Jans’ mother was listed as Tryntje (Catherine) Jonas. Each were identified as my father’s ninth and tenth Great Grandmothers, respectively. Since completion of that and succeeding chapters I learned from material shared by cousin Betty Jean Leatherwood that Tryntje’s husband had been identified. From this there is a tentative identification of Anneke’s Grandfather and Great Grandfather. The analysis, the compilation and the writings on these finds were done by John Reynolds Totten. They were reported in The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, Volume LVI, No. 3, July 1925i and Volume LVII, No. 1, January 1926ii Anneke is often named as the Matriarch of New Amsterdam. -
Four Hundred Years of American Life and Culture: a List of Titles at the Library of Congress
Four Hundred Years of American Life and Culture: A List of Titles at the Library of Congress Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................2 Colonial America ....................................................................3 Farm and Frontier ...................................................................14 Cowboys and Ranchers ..............................................................25 Gold Rush ........................................................................33 Washington, D.C. ...................................................................38 Drink ............................................................................52 Medicine .........................................................................58 Currency ..........................................................................66 Language .........................................................................71 Women ...........................................................................80 African Americans ..................................................................83 Asian Immigrants ...................................................................90 Hispanic Immigrants ................................................................94 Jewish Immigrants .................................................................102 German Immigrants ................................................................106 Scandinavian Immigrants ............................................................109 -
Calvin's Treatment of the Offer of the Gospel and Divine Grace
MAJT 22 (2011): 55-76 CALVIN‟S TREATMENT OF THE OFFER OF THE GOSPEL AND DIVINE GRACE by J. Mark Beach AN INTERESTING ASPECT of Calvin‟s theology, which has intermittently drawn the attention of Calvin scholars, is the Reformer‟s treatment of the nature and scope of divine grace toward the non-elect. This question, sometimes referred to as the issue of “common grace,” grows in stature in view of Calvin‟s una- shamedly robust doctrine of predestination. It elicits however the query whether God, in sending the overtures of the gospel to sinners, to the elect and non-elect alike, in any sense acts favorably or graciously toward the rep- robate. It should be noted that the subject of common grace in Calvin‟s thought has generated a number of divergent interpretations among schol- ars. The critical question in both older and more recent scholarship has been whether it is proper to ascribe to Calvin a doctrine of common grace and thus by implication whether God is in any way favorable or loving toward those he has predestinated to perdition. If one were to attempt to summarize the re- sults of this research in schematic form, one might say that the various in- terpretations exhibit three trajectories. First, there are interpreters who argue that Calvin‟s theology elicits a fairly detailed doctrine of common grace, with some writers linking this doctrine to Calvin‟s treatment of the gospel-offer question;1 second, there are those who argue that Calvin‟s thought only sets forth this doctrine in an embryonic form, being left undeveloped, informal, and/or on the periphery of his theology.2 Finally, a few writers maintain that 1. -
A Dutch Confederate
bmgn - Low Countries Historical Review | Volume 132-2 (2017) | pp. 27-50 A Dutch Confederate Charles Liernur Defends Slavery in America michael j. douma 27 In the 1850s and 1860s, Dutch immigrants in America struggled to square their racial views with the politics of slavery in their new country. The historiography of the Dutch world would benefit from incorporating this story, because it is often in moments of conflict when the most explicit expressions of ideology present themselves. The letters of Charles Liernur, a Dutch-born Confederate, provide a unique insight into the mind of an explicit supporter of slavery in an American context. How and why a Dutchman could defend slavery is the primary question this article addresses. Building on Liernur’s story, this article also challenges the standard view that Dutch Americans were natural opponents of slavery. Instead, they held diverse and ambiguous views, shaped in part by the circumstances of their settlement. Een Nederlandse 'Confederate': Charles Liernur verdedigt slavernij in Amerika In de jaren vijftig en zestig van de negentiende eeuw hadden Nederlandse immigranten in Amerika grote moeite een standpunt in te nemen met betrekking tot de slavernij. Een analyse daarvan lijkt van belang voor de Nederlandse geschiedschrijving, omdat ideologische overtuigingen vaak tijdens conflicten op scherpe wijze uitgedragen worden. De brieven van Charles Liernur, een Nederlandse ‘Confederate’, bieden een unieke blik op de denkwereld van een uitgesproken voorstander van de slavernij. Hoe en waarom kon een Nederlander zo fel de slavernij verdedigen? Dat is de centrale vraag waarop dit artikel een antwoord probeert te geven. Het verhaal van Liernur laat zien dat de gangbare visie, dat Nederlandse Amerikanen van nature tegenstanders van de slavernij waren, niet klopt. -
1946-02-18 [P A-5]
'• Catholic Party Wins Vardaman Denies Part 92 Seats in Belgium In Tampering With D. C. Housing Shortage Forces Entertainment Helps But Lacks Shoe Firm's Records War Wife to Sleep on Floor Wounded in Recovery, Majority The first days of married life in rocco and brought his wife to Wash- th« By Associated Pros last week. is a for a French war bride, ington He violinist. Feb. By Joseph Young Washington BRUSSELS, 18.—Final re- They are staying at the one-room, Tells Aides Commodore James K. Varda- Mrs. Walter J. Leckie, 19, are prov- sults of the Belgian election Sun- kitchenette apartment of his brother Bradley Gen. Omar N. veterans’ day gave the right-wing Catholic! man, Jr., nominated by President ing rugged. She and her husband and sister-in-law. Mr. and Mrs. Hu- Bradley, administrator, told party, pledged to return King Leo- are having to sleep on blankets on bert Leckle—and glad to get it. today special Truman to the Board of Gov- service directors from the 13 pold to his throne, 92 seats in the the floor of a one-room apartment Hubert Leckie knows the problem of branch offices of the Veterans’ Adminis- Chamber of Deputies, but left It ernors of the Federal Reserve at 211 Delaware avenue S.W., where apartment hunting in Washington, tration that could short a majority of the 202 mem- denied be- his brother lives. Adding to Mrs. for he sought a place about four anything they System, categorically do to boost the morale of sick vet- bers. Leckie’s troubles is the fact that months before he obtained his pres- fore a Senate Banking Subcom- erans would their Premier Achille Van Acker’s So- she speaks no English. -
Former RCA and Protestant Reformed Church Executives Derk M
Hope College Digital Commons @ Hope College Former RCA and Protestant Reformed Church Oral History Interviews Executives 6-20-1979 Hoeksema, Homer C Oral History Interview: Former RCA and Protestant Reformed Church Executives Derk M. Strauch Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.hope.edu/church_executives Part of the Archival Science Commons, and the Oral History Commons Recommended Citation Repository citation: Strauch, Derk M., "Hoeksema, Homer C Oral History Interview: Former RCA and Protestant Reformed Church Executives" (1979). Former RCA and Protestant Reformed Church Executives. Paper 2. http://digitalcommons.hope.edu/church_executives/2 Published in: 1979 - Former RCA and Protestant Reformed Church Executives (H88-0234) Hope College Living Heritage Oral History Project, June 20, 1979. Copyright © 1979 Hope College, Holland, MI. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Oral History Interviews at Digital Commons @ Hope College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Former RCA and Protestant Reformed Church Executives by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Hope College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HOPE COLLEGE LIVING HERITAGE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT 1979 REV. HOMER C. HOEKSEMA INTERVIEW THIS TRANSCRIPT IS CONSIDEP~D "OPEN" AND THE PROPERTY OF THE HOPE COLLEGE ARCHIVES COUNCIL HOPE COLLEGE HOLLAND, MICHIGAN 49423 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. .iii,iv Preface . vi Biographical Sketch and S~~ary vii,viii Interview I .. .. 1 Interview II. .22 Inde..x . .43 After Fifty Years (appendix) .44 iii INTRODUCTION The HOPE COLLEGE LIVING HERITAGE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT consists of a series of interviews conducted during the summer of 1977. with Nancy A.