Blood Pressure Measurement
Blood Pressure Measurement PhDr. Mária Sováriová Soósová, PhD. Training for Students 1. – 15. September 2019 UPJŠ, Košice, Slovakia Blood Pressure Blood pressure may be defined as the force of blood inside the blood vessels against the vessel walls. (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010 according to Dougherty, L., Lister, S., 2015) Blood pressure Systolic BP – is the peek pressure of the left ventricule contracting and blood entering the aorta, causing it to strech and there for in parts reflects the function of the left ventricule. Diastolic BP – is when the aortic valve closes, blod flows from the aorta into the smaller vessels and the aorta recoils back. This is when the aortic pressure is at its lowest and tends to reflect the resistance of the blood vessels. (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010 according to Dougherty, L., Lister, S., 2015) Factors influencing BP Age Gender Race Anxiety, fear, pain, emotional stress Medications Hemorrhage Increased intracranial pressure Hormones Diural rhythm Obesity Eating habits Exercise Smoking .......... Aerage and upper limits of blood pressure according to age in mmHg Age Average normal BP Upper limits of normal BP mm Hg mm Hg 1 year 95/65 undetermined 6 – 9 yrs. 100(105)/65 119/79 10 – 13 yrs. 110/65 124/84 14 – 17 yrs. 120/ (75)80 134/83 18 + yrs. 120/80 139/89 Classification of Hypertension ESC/ESH classification of office blood pressurea and definitions of hypertension gradeb (Williams, Mancia, Spiering, et al. 2018, p. 3030) Category Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg) Optimal <120 and <80 Normal 120–129 and/or 80–84 High normal - prehypertension 130–139 and/or 85–89 Grade 1 hypertension 140–159 and/or 90–99 Grade 2 hypertension 160–179 and/or 100–109 Grade 3 hypertension ≥180 and/or ≥110 Isolated systolic hypertensionb ≥140 and <90 Methods of BP measuring Invasive - direct: direct in an artery continuous monitoring Noninvasive – indirect: Auscultation – Korotkoff sounds.
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