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Hoofstuk 5: Voorlopige Metodologiese Oorwegings

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Hoofstuk 5: Voorlopige Metodologiese Oorwegings PSIGOBIOGRAFIESE PERSOONLIKHEIDSBESKRYWING VAN GENERAAL CHRISTIAAN DE WET Riana Henning Ingedien ter vervulling van die vereistes van die graad Doctor Philosophiae in die Fakulteit Geesteswetenskappe Sielkunde Departement Rhodes Universiteit Januarie 2010 Promotor: Professor Roelf van Niekerk Mede-promotor: Professor Catriona Macleod i DANKBETUIGINGS Sonder die onderstaande persone sou ek nie hierdie studie kon voltooi nie. Ek rig daarom 'n besondere woord van dank aan hulle: Die Allerhoogste, wat my in staat gestel het om hierdie studie te voltooi; Dr Roelf van Niekerk, vir waardevolle raad en leiding gedurende die studie; Louise Luttig en Elize du Plessis, vir die taalkundige en tegniese versorging van die studie; Anna, Rona, Louise, Alta en Pappa, vir die proeflees van die manuskrip; Die personeel van die Oorlogmuseum in Bloemfontein, asook die Museum in Graaff-Reinet en Aliwal-Noord, vir hulp met die opsporing van biografiese- en geskiedkundige data; Drr Servaas Rossouw en Andrew McLeod asook Me Elria Wessels, vir die voltooiing van die persoonlikheidsvraelyste; Mnr Leon Endemann van die Genealogiese Instituut in Stellenbosh, vir hulp met die opsporing van Generaal De Wet se naasbestaandes; Prof Tienie Van Schoor, vir raad asook toegang tot sy ongepubliseerde boek; En laastens aan my pa en suster, baie dankie vir al jul hulp, bystand en aanmoediging die afgelope jare. ii OPGEDRA AAN Ek dra hierdie studie aan my wonderlike ouers op. Hulle aanmoediging en geloof in my het my in staat gestel om hierdie studie te voltooi. Baie dankie vir julle onvoorwaardelike liefde, aanvaarding en ondersteuning. Ek is trots om julle as ouers te hê. iii OPSOMMING Hierdie is 'n psigobiografiese studie van Generaal Christiaan Rudolph de Wet. 'n Psigobiografiese studie is die bestudering van 'n persoon se volledige lewe met die doel om die persoon beter te verstaan. Psigobiografiese navorsing maak gebruik van psigologiese teorieë wat aangewend word om die biografiese data van 'n persoon se lewe te beskryf en moontlik ook te verklaar. Die individu wat bestudeer word, is gewoonlik 'n bekende, invloedryke, navolgenswaardige, interessante of modelfiguur. Daar is tans 'n oplewing in die veld van psigobiografiese studies, maar daar word nog steeds nie genoeg in die akademiese veld gedoen om psigobiografiese studies te bevorder nie. De Wet (1854-1922) is vir hierdie studie gekies omdat hy 'n interessante, dog komplekse figuur was. Hy het veral tydens die Anglo-Boereoorlog in 1899-1902 bekendheid verwerf. As 45-jarige man het De Wet in die Anglo-Boereoorlog geveg en vinnig opgang as 'n militêre leier gemaak. Sy vindingryke ontsnappingspogings het die Britse magte hoofbrekens besorg. Wat De Wet verder uniek maak, is dat hy met net drie maande skoolopleiding in die parlement gedien het, as president verkies is, die hoogste gesag in die Verdedigingsmag gehad het en 'n boek oor sy oorlogsherinneringe geskryf het. Alhoewel daar akademiese werke oor De Wet bestaan, is daar tot op hede nog geen psigobiografiese studie oor hom gedoen nie. Die doel van die studie was om die mens agter die legende na vore te bring. Daar is ook gepoog om moontlike antwoorde en verklarings op onbeantwoorde vrae te gee. Die studie het van beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe data gebruik gemaak en kan as 'n psigobiografiese gevalstudie beskryf word. Die Vyf-faktor model van Costa en McCrae (1992) is op die biografiese data van De Wet toegepas om sodoende sy persoonlikheidseienskappe te beskryf. Die bevindinge het interessante persoonlikheidseienskappe van De Wet deur middel van die Vyf-faktor model aan die lig gebring. Volgens die kwalitatiewe navorsingsbevindinge was De Wet 'n vyandige, aksie-gedrewe, bevoegde, iv prestasie-strewende, selfgedissiplineerde, warm, openhartige, saggeaarde en beskeie persoon. Die kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe data-ontledings het uiteenlopende persoonlikheidskenmerke by De Wet geïdentifiseer. Die grootste verskille het by die fasette warmte, openhartigheid en altruïsme voorgekom. Die waarde van die studie is dat 'n wetenskaplike persoonlikheidsontleding van De Wet gedoen is. Dit is ook die eerste studie waar 'n teoretiese model op De Wet se persoonlikheid toegepas is. Alhoewel die studie sekere tekortkominge toon, beklemtoon dit terselfdertyd die wenslikheid daarvan om alternatiewe modelle te gebruik tydens die ontleding van persoonlikheidskenmerke. Die studie dui ook op die behoefte aan verdere navorsing, byvoorbeeld soortgelyke ontledings en vergelykings van die persoonlikhede van ander militêre bevelvoerders (De la Rey, Smuts, Beyers, Hertzog). Sleutelwoorde: Psigobiografie; Christiaan Rudolph de Wet; Anglo-Boereoorlog; Vyf-faktor model; trekteorie; gevalstudie-navorsing. v SUMMARY This is a psychobiographical study of General Christiaan Rudolph de Wet. Psychobiography is the study of an entire life with the aim to understand a person. This kind of research utilises psychological theories as a framework to describe and explain biographical data of an individual's life. The subject to be studied is usually that of a famous, enigmatic or paradigmatic figure. More recently psychobiographical research has begun to re-emerge but one of the challenges in this filed is still the fact that psychobiography is not a common field of study because it is relatively unusual to find formal academic training in psychobiography. De Wet (1854-1922) was chosen as the subject for this study because he was an interesting though complex figure. During the Anglo-Boer war in 1899-1902, he made an indelible impression on the nation. He also become known as an ingenious military leader. He started the Guerilla warfare and eluded the British forces repeatedly to emerge elsewhere. De Wet had only three months of formal schooling but notwithstanding this, he was chosen as the president of the Orange Free State, obtained the highest authority in the defense force and wrote a book on his war memories. Although academic studies have been done on De Wet, until now, no existing studies have adopted a psychological stance. The aim of the study was to rediscover the person behind the legend. The study also aimed to provide possible answers and explanations of De Wet's inexplicable actions. Qualitative as well as quantitative data were used in this study and can be described as a psychobiographical case study. The Five-factor model of personality by Costa and McCrae (1992) was utilised to give a comprehensive personality description of De Wet. The qualitative research findings on the Five-factor model suggested that De Wet was an aggressive, action orientated, competent, warm, straightforward, tender- minded, self-disciplined and modest person. The qualitative and quantitative data vi identified discrepant characteristics of De Wet. The biggest differences were in the facets of warmth, straightforwardness and altruism. The value of this study is that for the first time a scientific personality description of De Wet was undertaken by using the Five-factor model as a theoretical model. Recommendations that have been made include the use of alternative models in personality descriptions and the application of the Five-factor model on other military leaders like De la Rey, Smuts, Beyers and Hertzog. Key words: Psychobiography; Christiaan Rudolph de Wet; Anglo-Boer War; trait theory; Five-factor model; single-case study vii INHOUDSOPGAWE DANKBETUIGINGS i OPGEDRA AAN ii OPSOMMING iii SUMMARY v INHOUDSOPGAWE vii LYS VAN TABELLE xx LYS VAN FIGURE xxi LYS VAN BYLAES xxii BLADSY HOOFSTUK 1: INLEIDING 1.1 Hoofstukoorsig 1 1.2 Probleemstelling en navorsingsdoelwit 1 1.3 Psigobiografiese studies 2 1.4 De Wet as psigobiografiese geval 3 1.5 Vyf-faktor model van persoonlikheid 4 1.6 Navorsingsmetode 5 1.7 Slot 6 viii HOOFSTUK 2 : PSIGOBIOGRAFIESE NAVORSING 2.1 Hoofstukoorsig 7 2.2 Omskrywing van psigobiografiese navorsing 7 2.3 Vereistes wat aan psigobiografiese navorsing gestel word 8 2.3.1 Oortuigingskrag 8 2.3.2 Omvattendheid en volledigheid 8 2.3.3 Akkuraatheid 8 2.3.4 Korrekte vertolking 9 2.3.5 Werklikheidsgetrouheid 9 2.4 Terme verwant aan psigobiografieë 9 2.4.1 Biografie (biography) en outobiografie (autobiography) 10 2.4.2 Lewensgeskiedenis (life history) 10 2.4.3 Lewensverhaal (life story) 11 2.4.4 Narratief (narrative) 11 2.4.5 Psigo-geskiedenis (psycho-history) 12 2.4.6 Historiese psigologie (historical psychology) 12 2.4.7 Historiografie (historiography) 13 2.4.8 Gevalstudie (case study) 13 2.5 Geskiedenis van psigobiografiese studies 15 2.5.1 Vroegste geskiedenis 15 2.5.2 Middeleeue 15 2.5.3 Sewentiende eeu 16 2.5.4 Twintigste eeu 16 2.5.5 Een-en-twintigste eeu 19 2.6 Beskrywing van individue en dissiplines wat in psigobiografiese studies gebruik is 21 ix 2.7 Waarde van psigobiografiese studies 22 2.7.1 Uniekheid van die individuele geval binne die geheel 22 2.7.2 Sosio-historiese en kulturele konteks 23 2.7.3 Longitudinale navorsingsmetode 24 2.7.4 Subjektiewe ervaring 24 2.7.5 Teoretiese validering en ontwikkeling 24 2.7.6 Beskikbaarheid van data 25 2.7.7 Psigobiografiese navorsing se bydrae tot sielkunde 25 2.8 Kritiek teen psigobiografiese navorsing 26 2.8.1 Reduksie 26 2.8.2 Onvoldoende bewyse 27 2.8.3 Psigoanalitiese teorie in psigobiografie 28 2.8.4 Onvoldoende opleiding 29 2.8.5 Beperkte deelname van psigoloë en akademici 29 2.8.6 Oortuigende en alternatiewe verklarings 29 2.9 Toekoms van psigobiografiese navorsing 30 2.10 Samevatting 31 HOOFSTUK 3: LEWE VAN CHRISTIAAN RUDOLPH DE WET 3.1 Hoofstukoorsig 32 3.2 Gebeure voor 1854 32 3.3 Geboorte en kinderjare van De Wet (1854-1972)
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