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Civilizaciones En Disputa 14/Julio/2020.Indd Civilizaciones en disputa: Educación y evangelización en el territorio shuar José Enrique Juncosa Blasco SciELO Books / SciELO Livros / SciELO Libros JUNCOSA BLASCO, J. E. Civilizaciones en disputa: Educación y evangelización en el territorio Shuar [online]. Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador; Editorial Abya-Yala, 2020, 432 p. Investigación Decolonial series, n. 3. ISBN: 978-9978-10-458-3. http://doi.org/10.7476/9789978105696. All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição 4.0. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento 4.0. CIVILIZACIONES EN DISPUTA Educación y evangelización en el territorio shuar UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA SIMÓN BOLÍVAR, SEDE ECUADOR Toledo N22-80 • Apartado postal: 17-12-569 • Quito, Ecuador Teléfonos: (593-2) 322 8085, 299 3600 • Fax: (593-2) 322 8426 Correo e.: [email protected] • http://www.uasb.edu.ec EDICIONES ABYA-YALA / UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA SALESIANA Av. 12 de Octubre N24-22 y Wilson, bloque A • Apartado postal: 17-12-719 Quito, Ecuador • Teléfonos: Teléfonos: (593-2) 250 6267, 396 2800 Correo e.: [email protected] • http://abyayala.org.ec José Enrique Juncosa Blasco CIVILIZACIONES EN DISPUTA Educación y evangelización Serieen Investigaciónel territorio Decolonial shuar 2020 CIVILIZACIONES EN DISPUTA Educación y evangelización en el territorio shuar SERIE INVESTIGACIÓN DECOLONIAL © José Enrique Juncosa Blasco Primera edición © Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador © Ediciones Abya-Yala Quito, julio 2020 © Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Av. Turuhuayco 3-69 y Calle Vieja Cuenca-Ecuador Casilla: 2074 P.B.X. (+593 7) 2050000 Fax: (+593 7) 4 088958 e-mail: [email protected] www.ups.edu.ec Coordinación editorial: Jefatura de Publicaciones Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador Fotografía de portada: Eduardo Quintana ISBN Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador: 978-9942-837-12-7 ISBN Ediciones Abya-Yala: 978-9942-09-690-6 ISBN Universidad Politécnica Salesiana: 978-9978-10-422-4 Tiraje: 500 ejemplares Impresión: Ediciones Abya-Yala La versión original del texto que aparece en este libro fue sometida a un proceso de revi- sión por pares, conforme a las normas de publicación de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador, y de esta editorial. El texto original de este ensayo fue realizado para la obtención del título de doctor en el Programa de Doctorado en Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador. ÍNDICE Nota sobre el alfabeto shuar .................................................................... 11 Agradecimientos ...................................................................................... 13 Siglas y acrónimos .................................................................................... 15 Presentación ............................................................................................. 17 Introducción ............................................................................................. 21 Preguntas, sujetos de enunciación y opciones epistémicas y metodológicas ............................................ 21 El problema, preguntas y hoja de ruta .............................................. 26 El problema ................................................................................... 26 Preguntas y hoja de ruta ................................................................ 33 El sujeto dicente y sus lugares de enunciación .................................. 37 Conversación sobre mi itinerario en el territorio shuar ................ 38 Ruta metodológica .............................................................................. 49 La apuesta por las pujutairi aujmatsamu (historias desde la vida) ................................................................. 49 El grupo de estudio y la colabor. Alcances y limitaciones .............. 65 PRIMERA PARTE EL ENTRAMADO CIVILIZACIÓN, EDUCACIÓN Y EVANGELIZACIÓN EN EL TERRITORIO Capítulo I Civilización, evangelización y educación en el territorio shuar. Panorámica de la presencia salesiana .................................................... 75 Conversación (aujmatsamu) para abrir sentidos. El territorio. Ii nunke (“nuestra tierra”). De la historia desde la vida de Serafín Paati ................................................................................... 75 La misión salesiana en el territorio. Perfil civilizador, evangelizador y educador .................................................................. 86 El arribo a Ecuador de una sociedad misionera modernizante ...... 86 El despliegue de la obra misionera en el territorio. Panorama, hitos y quiebres ............................................................ 94 Territorio y territorialidades. Ii nunke ............................................... 98 Pistas de corpovisión y corpoterritorialidad shuar en relatos y narrativas. Epistemología y metodología de la relacionalidad ... 98 Territorio, territorialidades y fronteras epistémicas. Encuentros y silencios ......................................................................... 116 Capítulo II La implantación de la educación formal. De las cosas de los blancos a los saberes de los misioneros ...................................... 127 Conversación (aujmatsamu) para abrir sentidos. Experiencias del internado de las abuelas y abuelos. De la historia desde la vida de Rosa Naikiai Jintiach ...................................................................... 127 De las cosas de los blancos a los saberes de los misioneros ............... 134 A las cosas de los apach .................................................................. 134 A los saberes de los misioneros ........................................................ 144 Las primeras formas de escolaridad. Transiciones y transformaciones .............................................................................. 149 Primera escolaridad: Cocivilización de colonos y shuar, y el enfoque en la niñez .................................................................. 151 Segunda escolaridad: Los internados en zonas de refugio .............. 155 Las vidas ejemplares ...................................................................... 165 Movimientos de la modernidad. Representaciones epistémicas y morales .............................................................................................. 177 Representaciones epistémicas ......................................................... 181 De las representaciones morales a las epistémicas .......................... 186 De las representaciones a las apropiaciones del territorio y la naturaleza ................................................................................ 189 Parodias de la episteme materialista shuar .................................... 192 Capítulo III La apropiación de la educación formal y superior, y más allá ............. 197 Conversación (aujmatsamu) para abrir sentidos. Experiencias de educación formal de Rosa Mariana Awak Tentets . 197 Las escuelas del SERBISH. Apropiaciones y tercera escolaridad ...... 204 El Centro: Escenario del SERBISH y su vínculo con la reterritorialización ............................................................... 205 Transformaciones educativas y evangelizadoras ........................... 214 Panorámica de los programas de educación superior universitaria y no universitaria para la profesionalización de docentes shuar. Señas de apropiación autonómica y pedagogía shuar ....................... 232 El renacimiento de la espiritualidad de Arutam. Enlaces pedagógicos, territoriales y epistémicos ............................... 241 De la espiritualidad de Arutam a la pedagogía de Arutam ........... 244 De la espiritualidad de Arutam al “buen vivir” en el territorio ..... 249 Epistemología shuar desde la espiritualidad de Arutam ............... 254 Capítulo IV Disputas civilizatorias, epistémicas y metodológicas .......................... 263 Conversaciones (aujmatsamu) finales para abrir sentidos ............... 263 Conversación (aujmatsamu) de José Nantipia Juepa..................... 263 Conversación de Rosa Mariana Awak Tentets ............................... 265 Conversación de Rosa Naikiai Jintiach .......................................... 268 Conversación de Serafín Paati Wajai ............................................. 270 Civilización, educación y evangelización. Disputas de fondo .......... 274 Civilización, evangelización y educación. Vínculos y entrecruces ... 278 Civilización, evangelización y desespiritualización de la naturaleza .............................................................................. 278 Evangelización y espiritualidad shuar. La disputa de fondo: La escisión del alma y el cuerpo ...................................................... 282 Civilización y educación. Disputas en torno a la escisión existencia y conocimiento y la simultaneidad civilizatoria ............ 284 Misión y misionalidad. Componentes afectivos de la misionalidad .. 288 Conclusiones generales, aporte y preguntas pendientes ...................... 295 Conclusiones generales ....................................................................... 295 Aporte y preguntas pendientes ........................................................... 297
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