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CEU eTD Collection Bibliography Appendices Conclusion 3.2. Theofanalysis indigenousthe rightsVepsesof enforcementandtheir ChapterVepses 3: as the IndigenousPeople Russiantheof Federation Chapter2: Chapter1: Introduction Acknowledgements App Appendix Unified2. of List Indigenous Peoples theof RussianFederation (March24,2000). AppendixIndigenous 1. Peoples of mapthe 3.1. ThehistoryofVepsian indigenous recognition status 2.3. 2.2. Theofusagethe and concept itschange overtime. ontheof rights indigenous peoples 2.1. 1.2. 1.1.

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n; in 2006, they were included into into included were they 2006, in n; lanning to explore the meaning of of meaning the explore to lanning

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ae S Anaya, S. James

samenativeterritory North ofthe The thesis the In

h tei cnit o tre chapters three of consists thesis The 1920s the In the language of education for both Finnoboth for education languageof the

the Baltic and the White seas (see Appendix 3). 3). Appendix (see seas White the and Baltic the a “rpgtn fae o bugos ainls” n tu wr coe. fe this After closed. were thus and nationalism” bourgeois for frame “propagating as s - em has been widely discussed in literature: thus, James Anaya provides a thorough thorough a provides Anaya James thus, literature: in discussed widely been has em Ugrian cultures. Ugrian first chapter first Vepses reside. reside. Vepses - 5 eemnto ad t apiain n h cs o indigeno of case the in application its and determination -

Ugrian minorities.Ugrian Similar probl Similar , when Karelia got t got Karelia when , I am going to concentrate especially on the Republic of Karelia, where Karelia, of Republic the on especially concentrate to going am I nieos epe i Itrainl Law International in Peoples Indigenous ntoa Vepsian national ,

is devoted to devoted is

h Rpbi o Krla s iutd n h north the in situated is Karelia of Republic The

ems are analyzed by Russel Bars Russel by analyzed are ems - Ugrian people fastened rapidly until the next change of the the of change next the until rapidly fastened people Ugrian

West West ofleadRussiaand traditionallifestyle. the internationalrecognition the erritorial autonomy, erritorial

and Karelian schools became considered by Soviet Soviet by considered became schools Karelian and ec das ih dfeet set f indigenous of aspect different a with deals each ; 5 -

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In its western part Karelia borders borders Karelia part western its In it was decided that Finnish will be be will Finnish that decided was it

h Ofr; e Yr: Oxford York: New (Oxford; of public of of indigenous peoples’ rights peoples’indigenous of

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Ronald Niezen, RonaldNiezen, Russel Barsh, “Indigenous Peoples: An Emerging Object of International Law International of Object Emerging An Peoples: “Indigenous Barsh, Russel Anna Alexandra Xanthaki, Alexandra Galina Diatchkova, “Indigenous Peoples of of Peoples “Indigenous Diatchkova, Galina Zinaida“KorennyemalochislennyeStrogalschikova, narody vRossii politike gosudarstva: Indra Øverland, 'Indigenous Rights in the Russi the in Rights 'Indigenous Øverland, Indra Smal Indigenous (“On narodah” malochislennykh I korennyh “O Nikitin, Dmitry - SovietPeriod”),

The second and thir and second The The position of Vepses as a national minority within the Soviet Union and the Russian Russian the and Union Soviet the within minority national a as Vepses of position The Stammler - Gossmann. atchkova,

Evrazia

International CommuniInternational

(Ottaw - - 105 Indigenism of Origins The Gossmann, , No. 8 (2006)No.8 , 9

a:2009)Universitypp.Press,165 Ottawa of

13 Finno with the case study of Vepsian indigenous status recognition status indigenous Vepsian of study case the with mty Nikitin, Dmitry

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Indigenous Rights in the Russian Federatio Russian the in Rights Indigenous d chapters focus on the changes o changes the on focus chapters d - Ugorskij Mir,

inPolitics: FormationRealization State of Legal Its inand System ,217 2 (2001),

Vol. 80, No.2 Vol.(Apr.80, 369 1986), “Who is“WhoinConstruction “Indigenousness”Indigenous? of Russian scholarly

ty Lawty Review, Federation, and the implementation of indigenous rights in rights indigenous of implementation the and Federation, 10

teto satn fo lt 1980s. late from starting attention No.48 1 (2008), nctive indigenous identity.indigenous nctive nr Øverland Indra (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of Californ of Angeles:LosUniversity and (Berkeley - 233

icse i te ok o Alexandra of works the in discussed 6

usa n Pltcl History”, Political and Russia an North', in North', an 11 (2009), 69 (2009), 11 the ”, ”, - , 63 11 problem of Vepsian indigenousness indigenousness Vepsian of problem f the concept of indigenous peoples peoples indigenous of concept fthe -

Zinaida 385 Human Rights Quaterly, Rights Human Russia and the North the and Russia - - 185

102 n: the Case of Numerically Numerically of Case the n:

Strogalschikova Ronald Niezen discusses discusses Niezen Ronald

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Vepsy: modeli etnicheskoj mobilizatsii (Vepses: the Models of Ethnic Mobilization). Mobilization). Ethnic of Models the (Vepses: mobilizatsii etnicheskoj modeli Vepsy: oges f Finno of Congress - Ugrian peoples. peoples. Ugrian h tei wl b bsd n eodr ltrtr a wl a piay ore, such sources, primary as well as literature secondary on based be will thesis The I will also use Russian and regional media sources media regional and Russian use also will I

eulc f aei, s el s eea ohr uooos Russian autonomous other several as well as Karelia, of Republic h psto o Vpe ad hi idgnu sau rcie cvrg i Karelian in coverage received status indigenous their and Vepses of position the communities suchas

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Media Center Center Media - cultural development of the Vepsian people in the the in people Vepsian the of development cultural ; . O . 7

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Ibid.,82 Sok Chumovaya perepis: proshloe i nastoyashee: ob istorii perepisi naseleniya v trudnodostupnyh v naseleniya perepisi istorii ob nastoyashee: i proshloe perepis: Chumovaya ai G Anderson, G. David rd ete ad ete Anr “omrvne ormnoo ouasv I korennye I gosudarstva sovremennogo “Formirovanie Axner, Heather and Peltzer Gred “ sledge dogs sledge olovsky, “Kategorija…”,olovsky, h tr “korenn term The ofNationsEquality EarlyPeriod: Soviet In 1924, the Committee Peoplesthe ofAssistancethe Inon to 1924, nickname

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198

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of World’s Decade of Indigenous Peoples in Petrozavodsk, Petrozavodsk, in Peoples Indigenous of Decade World’s of

The session was entirely devoted to Vepses as indigenous indigenous as Vepses to devoted entirely was session The ttention paid to indigenousinthe ttentionto peoplepaid the

, Region ’s authorities’ awareness of their minorities (taking into into (taking minorities their of awareness authorities’ ’s http://www.lenobl.ru/guide/general/national 63

t s tl sae: “ stated: still is it

211 on the base of Cyrillic and Latin Latin and Cyrillic of base the on

Hopeful hs [ This velopment of Vepses in in Vepses of velopment esa] agae is language Vepsian] ly this statement does statement this ly Region

the the CEU eTD Collection soglasie.ru/1329824983/vepsi_hotyat_stat_hozyaevami_na_svoei_zemle.html 213 Region. part aofRecognized traditional as territ 212 on law Federal the of adoption the after tradition year a just 2002, In “Sever”. enterprise private news the as Vepses, of places hunting traditional the Theresultsappealof the stillare unknown. well. as process the control cannot but exploitation resource from profit any get not does only Vepsian on resources natural exploiting companies the of majority the that state appeal the of authors the Besides, company. private a to villages Vepsian several around lands the sell to planning cl Federation Russian ofChamber the not are t in 2011 traditional during usage However, residence. land their the for on land control have the also using should They in occupations. priority get should they provisions, legal Federal Sheltozero villagesof Lake Onega the of shore thes that show Nations United to even and government Federal to appeals representatives’ Vepsian

Kaskesruchei e provisions are notprovisionsare e A similar situation occurre situation similar A from Vepses of group a 2011 of end the In ofVepses residence Traditional the of area enforced al resources use use resources al adaergsee i h Leningrad the in registered are land et f h apa (n Russian): (in appeal the of Text . –

a village invillage Prionezhskya

(centre of the district) ofthe (centre

properly ,

territories, Vepsian hunters signed the contract the signed hunters Vepsian territories, close to the border with the Leningrad Region Leningrad the with border the to close

implemented inimplemented Karelia.Republicof the - 2012 Vepses made several claims stating that their land rights rights land their that stating claims several made Vepses 2012 d in other Vepsian villages, Sheltozero and Rybreka. In 2011 2011 In Rybreka. and Sheltozero villages, Vepsian other in d aim ing that ingthat 213 Region of Karelia, on the borderwiththeKarelia, on Regionof Leningrad , Shoksha, Rybreka, Kaskesruchei etc. Following the Followingthe Kaskesruchei Shoksha,etc. Rybreka, ,

Region 64 oryVepses. of

the administration of the Prionezhskythe the of administration

in Kareliain paper

ree bod ie lclpplto not population local i.e. abroad, even or Kaskesruchei “ MK

is the territory on the south theis on territory the

Karelia” reports, were sold to a to sold were reports, Karelia” 212 he places of traditional traditional of places he

peld o h Civic the to appealed

(see Appendix (see with “The society of of society “The with

http://kroo district - w

3); estern estern

the

is -

CEU eTD Collection Komsomolets Karelii, v 214 not is provision this 2007, in adopted needs” individual for procurement timber of norms for indigenous peoples non level. regional the on implemented not are acts legal Russian in expresses laws, Federal with accordance in Vepses of ensureindigenous rights responsibilityto the Kareliatook of WhereasRepublic thelaw. regional Karelia. of Republic consulting companieswithout Vepsian the people. private to out sold are law, by protected specially people indigenous the as Vepses to belong Secretary UN to appeal an consideration indigenousinto peoplewhile land incontractsenteringfuture into on use. recomme received hunters” and fishermen of society “The that answer the received they administration, Karelian to appealed hunters the When it. of informed even not was population local the and the canceled, halfway was contract the 2011 in However, years. 10 of period hunters” and fishermen

- egi ute, “Ohot Kuttuev, Sergei implementation is that whereas in the Forestry Code of the Russian Federation the right of of right the Federation Russian the of Code Forestry the in whereas that is implementation l tee lis icoe h ovos rbe o te ad righ land the of problem obvious the disclose claims these All In February

2012, Nikolai Ahushenkov, a resident of resident a Ahushenkov, Nikolai 2012,

It seems that indigenous land rights so far represent a lacuna in Karelian in lacuna a represent far so rights land indigenous that seems It

free timber procurement is guaranteed, in Karelian law “On the order and order “On the lawKarelian in guaranteed, is procurement free timber

February2012 according to which they received 41 thousand hectares of land for the the for land of hectares thousand 41 received they which to according - General Ban Ki Ban General a pushe zakona” (“Hunting is Stronger than Law”), Law”), than Stronger is (“Hunting zakona” pushe a

- Moo 65 no breaches of the law were exposed; however, however, exposed; were law the of breaches no

n stating similar problems: the lands that should should landsthat the problems: similarstating n even the moderate provisions on land rights rights land on provisions moderate the even

a Vepsian village Sheltozero, sent Sheltozero, village Vepsian a ndations to take the interests of of interests the take to ndations ts of Vepses in the the in Vepses of ts Another example of of example Another lands were sold, sold, were lands Molodezhnyi 214

CEU eTD Collection Tongue?”), 218 http://gov.karelia.ru/News/2012/03/0330_22.html 217 216 2007 Novemberneeds”, 12, 215 insufficient 5 fromlessened hours of number the taught was it inschoolInvillagethe Vepsian Shokshathe small towards authorities Karelian of attitude the 1990s, in revival inbook Karelian,Vep Year the of “Book award yearly broadcasts. Repu the of authorities Finno of Prionezhsky in villages the in and Petrozavodsk the in started classes language Vepsian 1990s the accordanceindigenouslegalwithFederal the concerningpeoples’ provisions rights. mentioned.

Ibid. Law of the Republic of Karelia On the order and norms of timber procurement for individual for procurement timber of norms and order the On Karelia of Republic the of Law Yevgenia Veleva, “Mozhno li zabyt yazyk materi?” (Is It Possible to Forget One’s Mother One’s Forget to Possible It (Is materi?” yazyk zabyt li “Mozhno Veleva, Yevgenia nomto o te Republic the of Information However, after the wave of public interest in Karelian and Vepsian language and their their and language Vepsian and Karelian in interest public of wave the after However, In laws. federal with inaccordance protected well are Vepses of rights cultural paper, On rightsCultural

- gin agae wr etbihd n h to nvriis f erzvdk The Petrozavodsk. of universities two the in established were languages Ugrian 216 215

TVR for languagelearning.for

Books and textbooks in Vepsian are are Vepsian in textbooks and Books It is evident that Karelian regional laws need revision in order to bring them i them bring to order in revision need laws regional Karelian that evident is It -

Panorama, sian or Finnish sianlanguages”.or

of Vepses of

lc supp blic

pril 2012 pril 2012

218 – r pes n esa ( Vepsian in press ort

the Republic of Karelia” includes a special category “Best “Best category special a includes Karelia” of Republic the Starting from 2009, Vepsian is not taught at Department the taught not Vepsian is 2009, Starting from

teaching of Vepsian stopped; stopped; teachingofVepsian an Award “Book of the Year”, Year”, the of “Book Award an 66 217

district

- 6 a week to 1 to week a 6

newly published

where Vepses reside. reside. Vepses where Kodima - salse Finno established

n aei eey er ad the and year, every Karelia in - 2 a week, and this is of course course of is thisand week, a 2 mnhy, radio monthly), , - numbered peoples changed. changed. peoples numbered in other schoolsin other where - Ugrian school of of school Ugrian The Departments Departments The

n TV and nto nto - CEU eTD Collection 221 Vepsian Prava Narodov, and Karelian for Applicants No Were (“There abiturienta” 220 219 Finno in literature regions between cooperation of lack language, of dissemination bearers, language young for opportunities job problems deeper The regularly. held also are festivals and contests regional Vepsian; publica and media education, university and school is there formally, protection: cultural rights people’s indigenous of image” “outer the on work to government regional Karelian suppo I ofVepses. rights letterZinaidainStrogalschikova herRussian opento instates government February 2012. yearafter regions, thefor the billion designated rubles were 690 2009 in while However, support. peoples’ indigenous for use should they which funding receive regions target the East, Far and Siberia North, of peoples indigenous of support from funding minutesislot.whicha40 Vepsianweek, around ais not evidently and pages 8 only of field limited. the are philology in Vepsian and specialists Karelian the for opportunities work situation: employment current the by KarelianVepsianspecialization. and for applications no were there 2001 in University, State Petrozavodsk institution, educational Finno of

Info portalInfo portalInfo Kristina Korto, “Na kafedru karelskogo i vepsskogo yazyka ne zapisalos ni odnogo odnogo ni zapisalos ne yazyka vepsskogo i karelskogo kafedru “Na Korto, Kristina However, the lack However, fundingthe situationof explains onlycurrent thewith partially cultural the of lack the is implementation rights cultural Vepses’ of problems significant of One - Ug rian languages at Karelian Pedagogical Academy; Pedagogical Karelian at languages rian Finugor Finugor eea bde. ihn h faeok f eea porm o so for program Federal of framework the Within budget. federal September2011 is rte hlwy n usa; h aon o amount the Russian; in halfway written , ,

http://finugor.ru/node/22750 http://finugor.ru/node/21524

se that there is a twofold reason for it: from the one hand, it is easier for easier is ithand, fromone it:the for reason twofold is a there sethat

220

The lack of interest towards minority languatowards lackinterest Theof h ny Vepsian only The 67 –

are not that that not are

this sum was shortened up to 240 billion,240 as to up shortened was sumthis easy to solve and require time and and time require and solve to easy 219

newspaper

T ad radio and TV f

in the second Karelian higher Karelian second the in

Languages Department”), Department”), Languages Kodima cio -

ges is causedis ges rgas in programs

- consists of of consists

economic economic -

- tions in tions 221 limited limited Ugrian Ugrian

CEU eTD Collection 223 March 19, 222 of knowledge ininmanyVepsian and alrea casesare usage practical little see they as people, the of majority the within find support not does but activists of group a for only relevant is Vepses of revival and preservation and interest little have and se It lifestyle prospects. revitalization cultural and linguistic in enthusiasm traditional lead not do Vepsian, than better Russian seembe production,video useddubbingfarwhenetc) from reality the as Finnolanguages; mentioned the into translated be may documents official get to te order in education of language main the as Russian sacrifice would Karelia in school any that imagine to hard is it as utopian, simply me to seems right this it; for need the is where Vepsia Karelian, use to possible languages. Finnish and Vepsian Karelian, for Support State on Law contribution. financial cig n Finno a in aching

Ibid.,Article 10.2 Law On the other hand, the majority of Vepses are nowadays almost fully assimilated, know know assimilated, fully almost nowadays are Vepses of majority the hand, other the On

of the Republic of KareliaRepublicofthe of 2004. Article 2004. 5.2 -

gin language. Ugrian A clear example of such “formal support”, which remains on paper, is the the is paper, on whichremains “formalsupport”, such of example clear A

n and Finnish as the main language of education in the schools schools the in education of language main the as Finnish and n

on State Support for Karelian,Supportfor FinnishState Vepsianlanguageson and dy too assimilated intoassimilatedRussian dytoo society. 222

The other statements (laws, normative acts and other other and acts normative (laws, statements other The 68

ems today that the tasks of the of tasks the that today ems h lw tts ht t is it that states law The well. - Ugrian languages can can languages Ugrian

223

CEU eTD Collection and national minorities, Soviet authorities expressed the will to follow the principles of of principles the follow to will the expressed authorities Soviet minorities, national and the all offeaturesforced assimilation. have “Russification” their lifestyle, nomadic indigenous with fight the “settlement”, indige that outlines specifically will107 Convention the hand, who other the On future. communities in disappear inevitably backward temporary are peoples indigenous that believed also 107 ref communities indigenous minorities. of assimilation the towards course Stalin’s then and development, through nations Soviet the all of support and equality the state’s in changes non major the from politics:national the all experienced communities indigenous history Russian and in betweenhistoricalrelationsstate. native the the and patterns population mewith Vepsianbrought followingconclusions.the activists to legalinRepublicinterviewsofmediaanalysisKarelia. The conducted of the sources, documents, north the in Vepses of study case the on concentrated inFederationindigenousi.e.Russian implementation,rights the pro legal Russian between discrepancy current the and Federation Russian the and Union Soviet the in treatment Conclusion nous peoples’ assimilation should not be forced, whereas the Soviet politics of of politics Soviet the whereas forced, be not should assimilation peoples’ nous The present understanding of “indigenousness” in the Russian Federation reflects several reflects Federation Russian the in “indigenousness” of understanding present The peoples indigenous the in changes the issues: related two on focused have I work my In Starting from the 1980s, within the general fram general the within 1980s, from the Starting

visions addressing indigenous peoples’ rights and their practical practical their and rights peoples’ indigenous addressing visions lects the international approach, as the authors of ILO Convention Convention ILO of authors the as approach, international the lects - intervention politics of the Russ the of interventionpolitics

It is necessary to outline that the Soviet politics towards towards politics Soviet the that outline to necessary is It 69

- west of the Russian Federation, prim Federation, Russian the of west ework of larger attention to human rights human rights largerto attention of ework ian Empire to Lenin’s concept on Lenin’sconcept to Empireian

de jurede and In course oftheSoviet de facto de . I especially I . arily arily

CEU eTD Collection all from excluded automatically are representatives, 50,000 than more of consists but population means which people Vepsesindigenous“thepeople as RussianFederation”.of the (i Finns” indigenous“theinpeoplesKareliaRepublicsomeof casesaddressesthe its Republic the ofgovernment the result, migrants.Asa recent excluding country the ofpopulation in differently: understood still is nativepopulation meaningthe international of people”) (“indigenous narod” “korennoy concept “small towards legislation Soviet Eastern Far and Siberian Northern, to attention special state’s “small of whilestill concept indigenousinternationally recognized the adopted “ is Russia in communities native of name official The itself. “indigenousness” of concept the is problems contemporary peop indigenous representsstate’sthedisagreement with provisionsDeclaration.of thethe P Indigenous the for voting the from abstained also Federation Russian The activists. peoples’ indigenous from government Federal to appeals numerous and press Conventi the However, peoples. indigenous concerning 169) Convention ILO foremost, and (first documents legal international However, the mainitsis However, contemporary thethe term“numerical problem of ofceiling” 50,000 concerning laws Federal important several 1990s, of beginning the from Starting n some cases Russians are also added), and in other situations talks specifically about about specifically talks situations other in and added), also are Russians cases some n - numbered people”. The orientation towards Soviet terminology is visible through through visible is terminology Soviet towards orientation The people”. numbered eoples. Whereas the latter document is not legally binding, the Russia’s abstention abstention Russia’s the binding, legally not is document latter the Whereas eoples. e’ ihs ee dpe i te usa Fdrto. tl, n o te main the of one Still, Federation. Russian the in adopted were rights les’

htte omnte wih oss al h ohr hrceitc f native of characteristic other the all possess which communities the that small - numbered n 6 i sil o rtfe, ept cniuu dsusos in discussions continuous despite ratified, not still is 169 on - numbered peoples of northern faraway territories”. The The territories”. faraway northern of peoples numbered indigenous communities”; in other word, the cou the word, other in communities”; indigenous of a certain territory, and in the meaning of all the the all of meaning inthe territory,and certain a of 70

minorities which reminds of the the of reminds which minorities Declaration on the Rights of of Rights the on Declaration

adhering –

Karelians, VepsesKarelians, and

to to the Soviet term term Soviet the ntry CEU eTD Collection to implementation. authorities regional of willingness the and reside they where Federation Russian the of subject the on depending peoples indigenous of treatment an Federal between coherence of lack the Moreover, reindeer as such peoples, indigenous Specific of occupations interpretations. for room leave formulations ambiguous the as authorities, regional the regions so vaguely, formulated are peoples indigenous Russian to rights land granting laws The indigen of looklistdiscriminatory.makes2006 the it clarified, not and are ofprivilegescertain listdeprived thusand SiberiaFarEast North, andthe not are listfrom fivewhichUnifiedthe peoples to according samecriteria time,the list. Unified the from peoples the covering not but list 2006 into included peoples the (2 East Far and Siberia North, of Peoples Indigenous of List the and (2000) List Unified the peoples: indigenous of lists disappear.to the which without “protection” and “assistance” of policy the and Union Soviet the in common minorities towards approach paternalistic the of remnants “small of discourse Soviet the from legacy indigenouspeoples. at aimedlegal provisions the The most problematic issue of of issue problematic most The different two of adoption the is system legal Russian of element questionable Equally can ous land rights land ous

oiy hm codn t ter ed. n elt i rsls n the in results it reality In needs. their to according them modify

006). There are a number of federal legal provisions aimed specifically to specificallyto aimed provisionslegal federalof number a are There 006). , which in my opinion are the most vital category of indigenous rights indigenous of category vital most the are opinion my in which , Russian

- ubrd ouain” Bsds i rfet the reflects it Besides, populations”. numbered 71 Federal laws’ implementation is the is implementation laws’ Federal

The numerical barrier is a clear e clear ais barrier numerical The - breeding, are not outlined in Federal laws. Federal in outlined not are breeding, rgoa lw ytm las o different to leads systems law regional d facilitate indigenous peoples’ rights rights peoples’ indigenous facilitate indigenous communities are doomed doomed are communities indigenous

subjectivity of of subjectivity xample of the the ofxample included into includedinto enforcement At the At .

CEU eTD Collection of necessity the question to and concept the of definition current the revise to important seems autho Russian If betweenSoviet balancingcontinue to state the hardlyto possible Vepsianrevival. too already are them of many of attitude the but people, indigenous the towards policies government’s the only not of result the are problems existing the that though, note, to necessary is It Vepsian. of unemployment the and languageclasses, of shortages the 2000s: of stagnation the into turned 1990s of enthusiasm the implemented, are culture and language surface rights cultural enterprises trad the and rights, V of development and do protection authorities the of necessity the on rhetoric general small the Vepses, of study case the group. the target of needs specific the cover always not do thus and communities, indigenous with consultation implemen and prepared are rights cultural concerning laws federal cases the of most in Besides, budgets. regional and federal from funding of lack the with influenced negatively h aayi o Rsin ea sse cnenn idgnu pols hw ta i is it that shows peoples indigenous concerning system legal Russian of analysis The problem Thecurrent indWhereas the rights of Vepses to be educated in native language and to develop and promoted their promoted develop and to languageand native in be educated Vepsesto of rights the

ihu cnutto t idgnu pol’ rpeettvs A fr indigenous for As representatives. people’s indigenous to consultation without

not take into account even the moderate federal legal provisions concerning land concerning provisions legal federal moderate the even account into take not e n

rities prefer to follow international provisions aimed at indigenous peoples, it it peoples, indigenous at aimed provisions international follow to prefer rities f o r c igenous cultural rights are generally better implemented, theirbetter generallyigenouscultural are rights e itional territories of Vepses are being sold to private companies and and companies private to sold being are Vepses of territories itional m e n t , they resemble a bright a resemble they , s

of federal legislation addressing indigenous peoples are reflected in reflected are indigenous peoples legislation federaladdressing of assimilated - numbe

red people of the north the of people red i n t 72 o

u cover of a poorly written book. W book. written poorly a ofcover s s i a n

s o c i e t y

legacy and internationallegacy and

to become enthusiastic about about enthusiastic become to

- youth with the knowledge of of knowledge the withyouth west of Russia. of west t h e

t a r pe, regional epses, g enforcement e t

Despite the the Despite ted without ted p hile on th on hile o p u norms l a t i o

n is e : .

CEU eTD Collection making process. not become would they that so acts, legal ofimplementation and preparation of stages the all at communities indigenous reality. and programs federal or documents legal between with pace in go to attempts rights, peoples’ indigenous on discussions provisions, legal existing the editing and developing continue to and halfwaystop not for to state important the veryis field protection.It thusindigenousrights ofthe or account” into interests indigenous “protectionindigenous of culture”. “taking of formulations vague the by meant is what t in peoples’ indigenous of treatment different adopted. be should occupations and lifestyle peoples’ indigenous at aimed acts legal status. Karelia suchas groups, manyethnic prevents clearlywhich ceiling”“numerical Besides, the current federal legal provisions should become more concrete, and specific specific and concrete, more become should provisions legal federal current the Besides, 1980slate of The period

just the object of special policies, but the full participants of decision decision of participants full the but policies, special of object the just –

1990s represents a huge endeavor of the Russian Fe Russianofthe endeavor huge a 1990srepresents

he regions, federal legal acts should clearly state state clearly should acts legal federal regions, he 73 nentoa documents international

oevr i i vtl o involve to vital is it Moreover, , to eliminate the gap gap the eliminate to , ns ,

to receive the receivethe to deration in in deration To avoid To CEU eTD Collection 1 Appendix Appendices TheArcticSource: Portal, . Indigenous Peoples ofthe Indigenous Peoples .

http://portlets.arcticportal.org/russia

mapofthe 74

Russian Federation Russian

CEU eTD Collection 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 North,Sibe The 2000). 2 Appendix

peoples Orochs Oroks Nivkhs Nenets Negidals Nganasans Nanais Nagaibaks Mansi Kumandins Koryaks Kets Kereks Kamchadals Itelmens Izhors Dolgans Vepses Besermyans Alyutors Aleuts Abazins

ria and Far East (2006).Eastand ria Far

marked in bold are not included into the List of Small of List the into included not are bold inmarked

Unified List of Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Federation (March 24,(March Federation Russian the of List IndigenousUnified of Peoples

Name

KhabarovskTerritory SakhalinRegion KhabarovskTerritory,Sakhalin Region Republic ArkhangelskRegion,Khanty Yamalo KhabarovskRegion Dolgano KhabarovskTerritory,Primors ChelyabinskRegion Region,Komi Republic Khanty Altaiterritory, Altai Republic,Kemerovo Region auto Korya Krasnoyarsk ChukotkaA Kamchatka KoryakA LeningradRegion KrasnoyarskT RepublicofLeningradKarelia, Region RepublicUdmurt KamchatkaT KamchatkaT Karachevo nomousRegion,Magadan Region k AutonomouskRegion,Kamchatka T - - Mansy A Mansy - Nenets Autonomous Nenets Region,Nenets Autonomous Region,

Nenets AutonomousNenetsRegion, Krasnoyarsk Territory utonomousRegion -

CherkesRepublic Territory utonomousRegion Territory erritory erritory 75 e rritory, Yakutiarritory,

utonomousRegion,Tyumen Region,Sverdlovsk

Placesresidenceof

- Mansy AutonomousMansy Region,Komi Numbered Indigenous Peoples of the the of Peoples Indigenous Numbered kT

erritory,Sakhalin Region

erritory,Chukotka

CEU eTD Collection 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23

Teleuts Telengits Tazs Soyots Selkups Sami Yukagirs Eskimo Enets Evens Evenks Shorians Shapsugs Chulyms Chukchi Chuvans Chelkans Khanty Ulchs Udege Tuvans Tubalars Tofalars

Todzhins

MurmanskRegion Yakutia, MagadanYakutia, Region ChukotkaAutonomous Region, Koryak Autonomous Region Dolg Region AutonomousRegion,Koryak Autonomous Region,Kamchatka KhabarovskYakutia, Territory,Magadan Region,Chukotka Region Republic,Irkutsk Region,ChitaRegion, Tomsk Region, Tyumen KhabarovskTerr EvenkYakutia, Autonomous Region,Krasnoyarsk Territory, KemerovoRegion,Khakassia Republic, Altai Republic Krasnodar Territory TomskRegion,Krasnoyarsk Territory ChukotkaAutonomous Region, ChukotkaAutonomous Region, Magadan Region AltaiRepublic Region,Tyumen Region,Tomsk Region,Komi Republic Khanty Khabaro PrimorskTerritory,Khabarovsk Territory TyvaRepublic AltaiRepublic IrkutskRegion KemerovoRegion AltaiRepublic PrimorskTerritory Buryati Region,Krasnoyarsk Territory Yamalo ano

- a Republic a - Mansy AutonomousMansy YamaloRegion , - vskTerritory Nenets Autonomous Nenets Region,Tyumen Region,Tomsk Nenets AutonomousNenetsRegion 76

itory,Region,Amur Sakhalin Region,Buryatia

KoryakAutonomous Region

- NenetsAutonomous

CEU eTD Collection Source:Petrozavodsk University,State forforeignPortal students, 3 Appendix . MapofofRepublic Karelia the 77

www.studyinrussia.karelia.ru

CEU eTD Collection May2009 4, Danger”), in are Russia of Languages National The Strogalschikova: (“Zinaida Ermolaeva, http://cccp.narod.ru/work/book/hist_sssr1.htm Dolutsky, NativeStudiesXXI of History”, Political and Russia of “IndigenousPeoples Diatchkova,Galina 1981 Comrie, CensusinAr Remote the kraya trudnodostupnyh Krasnoyarskogo v territoriyah naseleniya severnyh perepisi istorii ob nastoyashee: i proshloe perepis: Chumovaya 12 (2000), Twenty the in Essentialism and Ethnicity Bowen, inAsiaPeoples Bengwayan, Law Barsh, Law,International Journalof Barsh, Austin, 2001) BerghahnBooks, An re http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/resurgence/twr206.htm Towards Peoples: Anaya University2004 Press, Anaya, articles Booksand Bibliography derson,

(No. 81 (3),756 81 1987), (No.

Russel. Russel

PaulM. James S. S. James

James S. S. James Bernard John R. R. John

- I. I. 16

David G. G. David

Nadez

ihe A. Michael

Orzvne SR 1922 SSSR. “Obrazovanie “Revision of ILO Convention No. 107”, 107”, No. Convention ILO of “Revision . of Object Emerging An Peoples: “Indigenous

MinorityR . “Soviet Karelian:“Soviet inFailed” Languagethe that

The Languages of the Soviet Union Soviet the of Languages The

and hda

“Should We Have a Universal Concept of 'Indigenous Peoples' Rights'?: Rights'?: Peoples' 'Indigenous of Concept Universal a Have We “Should nieos epe i Itrainl Law International in Peoples Indigenous ,217 2 (2001),

. -

h 12/7 oit oa Cnu Expeditions Census Polar Soviet 1926/27 The Wiessner Siegfried empowerment”, eas of KrasnoyarskTaimyreas Territory), of “Zinaida Strogalshikova: Natsionalnie yazyki Rossii pod ugrozoi” ugrozoi” pod Rossii yazyki Natsionalnie Strogalshikova: “Zinaida

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al and Cultural Property Rights of Indigenous and Tribal Tribal and Indigenous of Rights Property Cultural and al - 233

- hr Wrd Resurgence World Third - 94 (Te omto o te SR 1922 USSR. the of Formation (“The 1924” , “The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Indigenous of Rights the on Declaration UN “The , First Century First

l Te Raw (The

. Cambridge: Cambr Cambridge:

”, ”, - The American Journal of International of Journal American The Hide Tent Census: on the History of of History the on Census: Tent Hide

Anthropology Today Anthropology -

385 International Law”, Law”, International , 9 September 2010, issueSeptember 9 2010, 104 , Slavic Review Slavic .

xod Nw ok Oxford York: New Oxford; , . 26 Otbr 2007), (October #206 New York York New The Canadian JouCanadian The idge University Press, Press, University idge , 1 (1992) 1 , , Vol. 16, No. 4 No. 16, Vol. , Rossijskie Vesti, Vesti, Rossijskie The Americal Americal The – ,16

- Oxford: 1924”), 1924”), - 35 rnal rnal

CEU eTD Collection vSeverasisteme ohranyaenyh v territorijRossii”, Murashko, University1998 Press, Mawdsley, 101 istoriiKa ( Levkoev, Komsomolets Karelii, v Department”), Kuttuev, Languages Vepsian and Karelian for ApplicantsNarodov, No Were (“There Ko Rus”), Karacharov, Small Pe Indigenous to Relation in Politics State of Evolution (“The Severa” narodov Judin, Peoples’ Indigenous Rights, Josefsen, OxfordUniversity 2001 Press, NewZealand and Canada Australia, in Rights Peoples’ Indigenous Magazine, Havemann, Determination Online Hannum, http://www.c Cafebabel.com Hamn, Nation Hakluyt Publishers,2003 Grenoble, VestnikgosudarstvennogoChelyabinskogouniversiteta, Century”), inXXth the East Far the Peoplesof ofIndigenous LegalStatus the Transformationof Gorelikov, “ Karelian Autonomy in the System of Soviet of System the in Autonomy Karelian oplesNorth”),of the rto, - 121

Valery

, Kristina NasheVremya, , http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/hakluyt/voyages/v03/c Camille

relii/ Richard

September2011 Eva Sergei A.

Hurst

Olga Lenore A. Evan

Paul Andrei afebabel.co.uk/article/37908/sami . .

/ed. Hurs /ed.

“Evolutsija gosudarstvennoj politiki Rossii v otnoshenii korennyh malochislennyh malochislennyh otnoshenii korennyh v Rossii “Evolutsijapolitiki gosudarstvennoj ed. Nikolay Korablev, Vasily Makurov and Juri Savvat Juri and Makurov Vasily Korablev, Nikolay ed. . “ Administration and Legislation “Norwegian

. . . . abiturienta” odnogo ni zapisalos ne yazyka vepsskogo i karelskogo “Nakafedru

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