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The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
Introduction to BI-Tagavad-Gita
TEAcI-tER'S GuidE TO INTROduCTioN TO BI-tAGAVAd-GiTA (DAModAR CLASS) INTROduCTioN TO BHAqAVAd-qiTA Compiled by: Tapasvini devi dasi Hare Krishna Sunday School Program is sponsored by: ISKCON Foundation Contents Chapter Page Introduction 1 1. History ofthe Kuru Dynasty 3 2. Birth ofthe Pandavas 10 3. The Pandavas Move to Hastinapura 16 4. Indraprastha 22 5. Life in Exile 29 6. Preparing for Battle 34 7. Quiz 41 Crossword Puzzle Answer Key 45 Worksheets 46 9ntroduction "Introduction to Bhagavad Gita" is a session that deals with the history ofthe Pandavas. It is not meant to be a study ofthe Mahabharat. That could be studied for an entire year or more. This booklet is limited to the important events which led up to the battle ofKurlLkshetra. We speak often in our classes ofKrishna and the Bhagavad Gita and the Battle ofKurukshetra. But for the new student, or student llnfamiliar with the history ofthe Pandavas, these topics don't have much significance ifthey fail to understand the reasons behind the Bhagavad Gita being spoken (on a battlefield, yet!). This session will provide the background needed for children to go on to explore the teachulgs ofBhagavad Gita. You may have a classroonl filled with childrel1 who know these events well. Or you may have a class who has never heard ofthe Pandavas. You will likely have some ofeach. The way you teach your class should be determined from what the children already know. Students familiar with Mahabharat can absorb many more details and adventures. Young children and children new to the subject should learn the basics well. -
Bhagavad Gita Relevance for the 21St Century Nilesh Nilkanth Oak Institute of Advanced Science, Dartmouth, MA, USA Three Points
Bhagavad Gita Relevance for the 21st Century Nilesh Nilkanth Oak Institute of Advanced Science, Dartmouth, MA, USA Three points • The Mahabharata War occurred in 5561 BCE (>7500 years ago) • 300+ internal astronomy evidence & 1000+ multidisciplinary evidence • Insights from the Bhagavad Gita 1 प्रमेय (conjecture) शद/उपमान (evidence) 2 logic of scientific method 4 3 अनुमान (inference/prediction) प्रयक्ष (objective testing) 5 आगम (background knowledge) Astronomy evidence‐ Epics Only discipline of science capable of estimating exact dates copyright by Nilesh N Oak 1995‐2019 2. पथक्करणृ The Mahabharata Text (separation) ~125K shlok (18 Parvas) Astronomy references 215+ 300+ 3. वगीर्करण Astronomy references (classification) 300+ comet near Pushya chronology narrations (60+) AV observation calendrical constraints 60+ Bhishma nirvana planetary motions & positions (23+) (27+) seasons & position lunar & solar eclipses (6+) of Sun (30+) phases & positions of moon (30+) effects due to ‘precession’ effects due to ‘near earth phenomenon’ 5. अनुक्रम + 6. साहचयर् + 8 एकीकरण sequence + association + unification 5561 BCE Arundhati‐Vasishtha observation [11091 BCE – 4508 BCE] All astronomy observations of the epics are visual/factual/actual observations of the sky, of those times Arundhati‐Vasishtha (AV) observation pramana logic of anumana scientific discovery pratyaksha (11091 BCE – 4508 BCE) astronomy calculations/simulations (agama) precession of equinoxes, proper motions, modern astronomy copyright by Nilesh N Oak 1995‐2018 Indian astronomy Modern astronomy Vyapti‐Jnana Mahabharata 130+ alternate claims Ancient Indian narratives Sanskrit 300+ astronomy ref. of Mahabharata Shad‐Darshanas Philosophy of science Vijnana‐Buddhi Alternate interpretations 7. इंिद्रयप्रामाय objective testing Bhishma parva‐ Adhyaya 2:31 (Renowned and well respected Arundhati has gone ahead of Vasishtha) • Only 4 (out of 130+) researchers dare mention it. -
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA PARVA translated by Kesari Mohan Ganguli In parentheses Publications Sanskrit Series Cambridge, Ontario 2002 Salya Parva Section I Om! Having bowed down unto Narayana and Nara, the most exalted of male beings, and the goddess Saraswati, must the word Jaya be uttered. Janamejaya said, “After Karna had thus been slain in battle by Savyasachin, what did the small (unslaughtered) remnant of the Kauravas do, O regenerate one? Beholding the army of the Pandavas swelling with might and energy, what behaviour did the Kuru prince Suyodhana adopt towards the Pandavas, thinking it suitable to the hour? I desire to hear all this. Tell me, O foremost of regenerate ones, I am never satiated with listening to the grand feats of my ancestors.” Vaisampayana said, “After the fall of Karna, O king, Dhritarashtra’s son Suyodhana was plunged deep into an ocean of grief and saw despair on every side. Indulging in incessant lamentations, saying, ‘Alas, oh Karna! Alas, oh Karna!’ he proceeded with great difficulty to his camp, accompanied by the unslaughtered remnant of the kings on his side. Thinking of the slaughter of the Suta’s son, he could not obtain peace of mind, though comforted by those kings with excellent reasons inculcated by the scriptures. Regarding destiny and necessity to be all- powerful, the Kuru king firmly resolved on battle. Having duly made Salya the generalissimo of his forces, that bull among kings, O monarch, proceeded for battle, accompanied by that unslaughtered remnant of his forces. Then, O chief of Bharata’s race, a terrible battle took place between the troops of the Kurus and those of the Pandavas, resembling that between the gods and the Asuras. -
Mahabharata Tatparnirnaya
Mahabharatha Tatparya Nirnaya Chapter XIX The episodes of Lakshagriha, Bhimasena's marriage with Hidimba, Killing Bakasura, Draupadi svayamwara, Pandavas settling down in Indraprastha are described in this chapter. The details of these episodes are well-known. Therefore the special points of religious and moral conduct highlights in Tatparya Nirnaya and its commentaries will be briefly stated here. Kanika's wrong advice to Duryodhana This chapter starts with instructions of Kanika an expert in the evil policies of politics to Duryodhana. This Kanika was also known as Kalinga. Probably he hailed from Kalinga region. He was a person if Bharadvaja gotra and an adviser to Shatrujna the king of Sauvira. He told Duryodhana that when the close relatives like brothers, parents, teachers, and friends are our enemies, we should talk sweet outwardly and plan for destroying them. Heretics, robbers, theives and poor persons should be employed to kill them by poison. Outwardly we should pretend to be religiously.Rituals, sacrifices etc should be performed. Taking people into confidence by these means we should hit our enemy when the time is ripe. In this way Kanika secretly advised Duryodhana to plan against Pandavas. Duryodhana approached his father Dhritarashtra and appealed to him to send out Pandavas to some other place. Initially Dhritarashtra said Pandavas are also my sons, they are well behaved, brave, they will add to the wealth and the reputation of our kingdom, and therefore, it is not proper to send them out. However, Duryodhana insisted that they should be sent out. He said he has mastered one hundred and thirty powerful hymns that will protect him from the enemies. -
Mahabaratha Tatparya Nirnaya - Introduction by Prof.K.T.Pandurangi
Mahabaratha Tatparya Nirnaya - Introduction by Prof.K.T.Pandurangi CHAPTER XVII Rukmi’s initiative to arrange the swayamvara of Rukmini Rukmi the son of Bhishmaka planned to give Rukmini in marriage to Shishupala by arranging Swayamvara. Demon Ilvala was born as Rukmi.Such the son of Vahni also had entered him.He had studied Dhanurvidya from Druma and had secured the bow – Vijaya of Indra.This was equal in strength ot Gandiva and Saranga.When swayamvara was announced Jarasandha, Salva, Paundraka and Shishupala arrived.Sri Krishna also arrived seated on Garuda.When Shishupala and Dantavakra found that Krishna had arrived they pleaded with others not oppose to Krishna.After all they were originally devotees of Sri Krishna. However Jarasandha opposed it. Coronation of Sri Krishna Krishna was not duly coronated on the throne. Therefore he was not entitled for a seat in the swayamvara hall nor for any hospitality. They though if they did not provide him a seat he would go away.Kratha and Kaisika the brothers of Bhishmaka came to know of it.They took Krishna to their residence and arranged for their coronation.In the meanwhile a messenger of Indra came and advised the princes gathered to coronate Krishna. He said Indra would throw vajrayudha on them if they failed to carry out his order. Indra did not want Jarasandha, Rukmi,Salva and Shishupala to participate in the coronation of Sri Krishna.therefore he has asked them not to join. They also did not want to join.Indra sent a rich throne. Krishna made Garuda sit on the right side, Kratha , Kaisika and satyaki on left side.Then coronation bath was given using a golden pitcher.Krishna blessed Bhishmaka and said his daughter’s marriage would be auspicious.He revealed his Vishvarupa to him .Bhismaka saw infinite incarnations of Vishnu and Lakshmi in that Vishvarupa.Sri Krishna returned to Mathura. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion. -
8. Bhishma Stuti
Sincere Thanks To: 1. Mannargudi Sri.Srinivasan Narayanan for compilation of source document, Sanskrit/English Transliterations and proof reading 2. Nedumtheru Sri. Mukund Srinivasan for co-ordinating the selection of images 3. Sri.Murali BhaTTar, Sri.L.Sridhar and Sau R. Chitralekha for images sadagopan.org 4. Smt. Jayashree Muralidharan for eBook assembly. C O N T E N T S Introduction 1 Slokams & Commentaries 5 Slokam 1 7 Slokam 2 8 Slokam 3 11 Slokam 4 13 sadagopan.org Slokam 5 and 6 15 Slokam 7 17 Slokam 8 19 Slokam 9 20 Slokam 10 21 nigamanam 22 Appendix 23 MahA BhArathA - Structure and Story (Dr NSA SwAmy) 25 SrI BhIshmA of MahA BhAratham (Dr NSA SwAmy) 31 Complete list of sundarasimham-ahobilavalli eBooks 37 sadagopan.org His Holiness 42nd PaTTam Srimad Azhagiya Singar of Ahobila MaTham . ïI>. Œ×Œ sadagopan.org Sri-Bhishma on arrow bed - Thanks: Sau. R. Chitralekha INTRODUCTION: The birth of SrI BhIshma Stuti Sri BhIshmAcchAr, the grand sire of the KauravA and PAndavA clans was lying on a bed of arrows after a fierce battle with the PAndavA army. Lord Krishna, who had vowed not to take any weapons during the MahA BhAratam war was 1 driven to use His chakram to destroy the threatening BhIshmA. Earlier, BhIshmA had pierced the kavacham of Lord Sri KrishnA with his fierce arrows and the Lord was bleeding from the wounds. ArjunA was about to be attacked severely by BhIshmA. That is when, Sri ParthasArathi jumped down from Arjuna's chariot with Chakram in His hand to destroy the threatening BhIshmA. -
A Comprehensive Guide by Jack Watts and Conner Reynolds Texts
A Comprehensive Guide By Jack Watts and Conner Reynolds Texts: Mahabharata ● Written by Vyasa ● Its plot centers on the power struggle between the Kaurava and Pandava princes. They fight the Kurukshetra War for the throne of Hastinapura, the kingdom ruled by the Kuru clan. ● As per legend, Vyasa dictates it to Ganesha, who writes it down ● Divided into 18 parvas and 100 subparvas ● The Mahabharata is told in the form of a frame tale. Janamejaya, an ancestor of the Pandavas, is told the tale of his ancestors while he is performing a snake sacrifice ● The Genealogy of the Kuru clan ○ King Shantanu is an ancestor of Kuru and is the first king mentioned ○ He marries the goddess Ganga and has the son Bhishma ○ He then wishes to marry Satyavati, the daughter of a fisherman ○ However, Satyavati’s father will only let her marry Shantanu on one condition: Shantanu must promise that any sons of Satyavati will rule Hastinapura ○ To help his father be able to marry Satyavati, Bhishma renounces his claim to the throne and takes a vow of celibacy ○ Satyavati had married Parashara and had a son with him, Vyasa ○ Now she marries Shantanu and has another two sons, Chitrangada and Vichitravirya ○ Shantanu dies, and Chitrangada becomes king ○ Chitrangada lives a short and uneventful life, and then dies, making Vichitravirya king ○ The King of Kasi puts his three daughters up for marriage (A swayamvara), but he does not invite Vichitravirya as a possible suitor ○ Bhishma, to arrange a marriage for Vichitravirya, abducts the three daughters of Kasi: Amba, -
5Th Grade Syllabus 2021
5th Grade: Gagan Syllabus Core Reference Books Amar Chitra Katha Books Mahabharata (Purna Vidya Part 5) Raja Raja Chola A Children's History of India The Gita Hindi Language for Kids and Beginners Sea Route to India Monuments of India Other Reference Materials: http://www.historydiscussion.net/empires/history-of-the-gupta-empire-indian-history/600 http://www.indianmirror.com/dynasty/dynasty-home.html # Book Topic Indian History Conversational Hindi I 1 Mahabharata I Review India, it's geography and it's trade routes Introduction to Hindi 2 Udyoga Parva - UP - Krishna tells Karna of his true parentage, Kunti meets Karna, and all Introduction to Gupta Dynasty and Dynasty Lineage ( pgs. How to introduce self prepare for war 77-91 in Children's History of India) 3 Bhishma Parvaa - BP - War begins, Arjuna's grief, Bhagavad Gita & Bhishmaa's onslaught Gupta Military Organization Conversations - Sentence Structure 4 BP - Ghatotkaca destroys the Kaurava army, Arjuna battles Bhishma & other 7th day Gupta Culture and Fall of the Dynasty Pronouns and Daily events Activities 5 BP - Sikhandi breaks Bhishma's bow, Arjunaa causes the fall of Bhishma, Karnaa meets Iron Age Kingdoms (pgs. 92-109 in Children's History of Pronouns and Daily Bhismaa India) Activities continued 6 Drona Parvaa - DP - Drona devastates the Pandava army, King Bhagadatta & Supratikaa Vijayanagar Kingdom, Pallavas, Chalukyas Number and Times the elephant causes havoc of Day 7 DP - Krishnaa saves Arjuna from Vaishnava Astra, Duryodhanaa accuses Dronaa, Marathas Revision Abhimanyu -
Mbtn-Chapter17
|| Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya || 1) When the King of Chedi (Damaghosha) returned to his place, Sri Janardana got to know that Rugmini, who was Mahalakshmi herself, was getting ready for a Swayamvara. 2) Her elder brother Rugmini hated Sri Hari, the lord of Ramaa, and had stopped the marriage of Rugmini, who was dear to Sri Hari, with Sri Krishna. 3) When the Swayamvara was announced, Jarasandha, along with other warriors such as Salva, Paundraka, Shishupala and others left (for the Swayamvara). 4) Then, Sri Krishna quickly left for Kundinapura. Garuda too reached him as soon as he (Sri Krishna) remembered him. 5) Due to the wind speed from his wings, the Kings fell down on the ground. When Garuda’s strength itself is so much, what to say of Sri Hari’s strength? 6 to 10) “What shall we do now for our good?” – thought all the Kings. At that time Jarasandha said thus – “This Krishna, who keeps winning, is definitely Vishnu himself. Or else, how can he be pakshivahana (rider of Garuda)? All of us have lost to him alone every time in battle. Even though we have attacked him together, we have never won even once. His brother Balarama had almost killed me. When I was badly hurt, he left me after listening to an ashareeravani. What else to say of his (Sri Krishna’s) strength? Without himself getting hurt, he is rendering us almost like a blade of grass everytime. In such a grave scenario, what may be good for us to do?” 11) Speaking thus, Jarasandha lowered his lustre-less face. -
Sanskar Gurukul Weekly Update
Sanskar Gurukul Weekly Update Class Name: Bhrigu Week# 29: April 26, 2015 General Assembly Hari Om Everybody: Here is the GA Update for today's session. Vagdevi aunty started the GA with three Omkars followed by the Shanti Mantra. We chanted Nama Ramayana - Bala Kanda verses. Then we learn two new verses of Ayodhya Kanda. We chanted new verses few times. Aparna Aunti told us about the Kulfest and Chanting questions. 1) Student will be given starting of a verse line and student has to complete the verse from prayer book. Example: Gurur Brahma, Gurur Vishuhu ... (complete the verse). 2) Hanuman Chlisa, there will be questions. Example - "What is in the hand of Hanumanji?" 3) Student will be given starting of a verse line and student has to complete the verse from Bala-Kanda of Nama Ramayana. We ended session with a short meditation. Next Sunday, May 3rd is Field Day. All children should report to Green Hope Elementary School by 9:30 AM. All children will be divided into teams and each team will play two games - Dodge Ball and Satodiyu/Lagori/Pitthu. Some children demonstrated how to play these games on the stage on April 19th. Please DO NOT bring your Gurukul bag and wear shoes as you will be running around the field as well comfortable cloths. Lunch will be provided and you can be picked up by your parents at 12:15 PM. Class We started class with three Omkars followed by the Shanti Mantra and before studies prayers. We covered Chapters 25 and 26 which talked about Jarasandha Vadh and Rajasuya Ceremony respectively.