DOCSLIB.ORG

Trends in Estonian Nameâœgiving

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trends in Estonian Nameâœgiving Trends in Estonian Name-giving from 1900 to 1945 HILDEGARD MUST THE TRADITIONAL STOCK of Estonian baptismal names of the previous centuries had consisted predominantly of names common to the whole Christian world: they were, for the most part, saints' names. They were mostly in German form because they had been introduced by the Christian Church from Germany and because German cultural influence was strong in the area around the Baltic Sea. Also a number of German names other than saints' names were in use. Only a few names of other nations had been adopted (e.g., a czars' name, Nikolai, the Russian form of the saints' name Nicolaus, enjoyed some popularity in the late 19th century). By the beginning of the present century a reaction against this monotony arose. A new taste in names developed, caused chiefly by internal circumstances, but partly influenced by an increasing love of novelty and by new trends in name-giving developed in other European countries (including Germany). The change in the choice of names was so fundamental that by the middle thirties the stock of Estonian names was completely changed.* The first two decades of the present century were a transitional period in which the declining old tradition in name-giving existed side by side with the emerging new trends which characterize the next decades. A number of names which had been inherited from the previous century - such as Aleksander, Arnold, August, Eduard, Hans, Johannes, Karl, Oskar, Rudolf, Voldemar; Adele, Alide, Alma, Anna, Elfriede, Helene, Hilda, Julie, Marie, and Marta - were still current, but rapidly decreasing in frequency. A search for new and fresh names caused a temporary fashion of using different foreign * Since the study of Estonian anthroponymy is still in its beginnings, this paper is based primarily on the author's OW'TI collections of Estonian names (from older documents, parish lists, lists of university students, birth and death notices in newspapers, etc.), personal observations, and several years' study. 42 Trends in Estonian N ame-giving frol1~1900 to 1945 43 names. However, the same period also shows the appearance of the first representatives of the types of names which became prevalent by the thirties. At first the search for new names sometimes resulted in the use of unusual foreign names, such as masc. Napoleon, Ovi(i)d, Ra, 80- krates, Modest-Adonis, and fern. Ariadne, Drusilla, Mimosa, Rhea, Zingarella, Olinde-Seraphine, etc. Also feminine names derived from masculine names occurred, e.g., Arvella and Arvilla (from Arved and Arvid respectively), Axella, Petronella, Feli:ceida, and Gustava. A remarkable number of English names became current in this period.1 In Estonia their use was largely due to a general favorable attitude to\vard the English. After the First World War everything English came to be held in high favor among the Estonian people. Several English nanles, including English forms of saints' names, were then -adopted. A small number of English names (e.g., Arthur, Eduard from Edward, Nelly or Nelli) had already been introduced in the 19th century: they came via Germany where they had be- come popular during the periods of English cultural influence. At that time, however, they had generally not been recognized as English by the Estonians. But in the present century, when know- ledge of the English language and acquaintance with English civili- zation expanded rapidly in Estonia, parents often were already conscious of the fact that they were giving their children English names, especially in the case of such names as Harry, Harriet, Mary, or Daisy. The following English names and English forms of non- Germanic names were current in Estonia: masc. Alfred (pronounced with initial [a], since English names \vere usually pronounced ac- cording to the phonetic value of the letters in Estonian), A'rt(h )ur jart3urj,2 Edgar jet3karj, Eduard (pronounced with long e, je2j, as 1 Cf. Hildegard Must, "English Christian Names in Estonian Anthroponymy," forthcoming in Studies in Estonian Poetry and Language for Ants Oras. 2 All foreign names are pronounced in accordance with the Estonian quantitative system. There are three distinctive degrees of length of the vowels and consonants in Estonian. They are insufficiently marked in the traditional orthography which is phonemic in regard of the quality of sounds. Each of the three degrees of duration has non-distinctive variants conditioned by quantitative environment. In this paper, a phonemic transcription is used in which the distinctive long degrees are marked with numbers: whereas the short or first degree is indicated by a letter (denoting the qualitative value) only, the second or long degree is marked by 2 after the letter (e.g., Enno /en2o/, Leena {le2naf) and the third or overlong degree by 3 (e.g., llmar 44 Hildegard Must. in German; u comes from French via German u) from Eng. Edward, Harry or Harri jhar2ij, jar2ij,3 Oskar jos3karj, Osvald jos3valtf; feme Edith je2titj ['e:dit.], Daisy (earlier pronounced jte2sij, later jteisij4), Ellen je13enj, Ellinor jel2inorj, Fanny jfan2ij ['fal}ni], Harriet jharjetj, jarjetj, Mary or Meeri (both pronounced jme2rij), Nelly or Nelli j.nel2ij ['ne}li].5Edwin ['eg.vin], William jvi13jamj, Tom jtom3j, Ethel jet3elj and some others occurred occasionally. Also a few names from other Western European nations ,vere sometimes used in the same period, e.g., French Aristide, Gaston, and Raoul, Italian Guido, and Spanish Ines. English names were succeeded by Scandinavian, especially S,vedish names. The Estonians have always had a favorable attitude toward the Swedes, and friendly relations were intensified during the time of national independence between the two World Wars. Some names, such as Gustav, the name of King Gustav II Adolf, which had become popular in all Lutheran countries, and especially the old Scandinavian name Karl, had already been current earlier. In the second and third decades more Scandinavian names ,vere adopted; e.g., masc. Fred, Gunnar, Ingvar, Ivar jivarj (or ji3varj), Sven, and particularly Olav jolav j which was a special favorite; feme Astrid and its short form Asta, Helga, Ingrid, and Sigrid, of which Asta and Helga were the most current. But the fashion of using contemporary foreign names was counter- acted and intersected by the powerful influence of patriotism. During the political independence of the Republic of Estonia (1918-19t10) a general tendency to cultivate the national and dis- /i13marf). In some cases it has been found necessary to add the phonetic transcrip- tion. The transcription applied to denote the quality of sounds is that of the Inter- national Phonetic Association. In Estonian the main stress is constantly on the first syllable; only in some foreign names (as well as foreign words) is it kept on a non-initial syllable. Therefore the stress is marked in the transcription only if it is on a non-initial syllable. 3 Initial h is normally not pronounced in Estonian (except in some small dialect areas); however, it is often retained by educated people in personal names. 4 There are no voiced plosives in Estonian; therefore, they are substituted by short unaspirated voiceless plosives. The8e are very short in intervocalic l)osition. 5 Originally, Ellen is a pet-form of the saint's name Helen (a), Fanny - of Fran- ce8, Nelly - of Helen, Ellen and Eleanor; Harriet is the English counterpart of Hen- riette (see E. G. Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Ohristian Na·mes (New York and London, 1947), s. v.). Trends in Estonian Name-giving from 1900 to 1945 45 card the foreign affected every aspect of cultural life. Accordingly foreign names fell into disfavor. They \vere at first replaced by old shortened forms of internationalized saints' names, which centuries before had been completely adapted to the Estonian phonological and morphological system and thus were felt as genuine Estonian names. Foreign forms \vhich did not agree with the structure of Estonian (those which were stressed on a non-initial syllable or contained sounds or letters non-existent in native Estonian words, e.g., f, c, /f /) were discarded at this time. The revival of the archaic and obsolete names had already started at the time of the First World War; however, this revival is most characteristic of the name- giving in the period of national independence.6 Since the thirties these have been the prevailing baptismal names. In accordance with the twentieth-century name-giving fashions in other countries, short names ,vere preferred in Estonia and those with more than t\VOsyllables ,vere rejected. Consequently, almost exclusively shortened forms - mono- or disyllabic pet-forms - of the saints' names were revived. The following hypocoristic and other shortened forms of saints' names which were revived and used as baptismal names were most popular: Jaak /ja3k3/ (from Jakob < Jacobus); Juhan /juhan/, Jaan /ja3n/, Ants, Henn, Henno /hen2o/, /en2o/, Enn, Enno /en2o/ (all from Johannes); Jllr·i /jyri/ (from Georg < Georgios); Hillar /hil3ar/, /il3a.r/ (from Hilarius < -os); Madis and Mati /mat2i/ ['matti] (from Matthias); Mart and 3 3 3 Mart /moort / (from Martin < Martinus); Peeter /pe t er/, Peet 3 2 /pe t3/ and Peedttt /pe tu/ (from Peter < Petrus < Petros; Peedu is an Est. diminutive form in -u); Toomas /t02mas / (from Thomas); Ti5nis /tenis/7 and (the diminutive form) Ti5nu (from Antonius); 3 2 2 feme Ann /an /, Anne /an e/, Anu /anu/ (from Anna); Eevi /e vi/ (from Eva); Kadr'i, Kai, ](aia, Kaie /kaie/, Kati /kat2i/ ['katti], and Riina /ri2na/ (from Katharina); Krista, Kristi, ](ersti, Kirsti, and Tiina /ti2na/ (from Ohristina); Madli, Mall, Malle /maI2e/, and Leena /le2na/ (from lYIagdalena); Mare /mare/, Maret, and Reet (from Margareta); Mari, Marje /marje/, Marju, Mai, Maia, and 6 At that time (especially in the thirties), even a puristic movenlent of so-called Estonianization of names took place and many adult Estonians exchanged the for- eign forms of their baptismal as well as fanlily names for new ones which agreed with the structure of Estonian.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nordic American Voices Nordic Heritage Museum Seattle, Washington
    Nordic American Voices Nordic Heritage Museum Seattle, Washington Interview of Jorma Salmi February 7, 2014 Bellevue, Washington Interviewers: Gary London; Pirkko Borland Gary London: [0:12] This is an interview for the Nordic American Voices oral history project. Today is February 7 th , 2014, and we’ll be interviewing Jorma Salmi. We are at his home in Bellevue, Washington. My name is Gary London, and with me is Pirkko Borland. Jorma, thank you very much for agreeing to be interviewed. Jorma Salmi: [0:38] Thank you very much for coming to our humble house. Gary: [0:42] Well, I don’t think it’s so humble; it’s a beautiful house. Jorma: [0:44] By American standards, I think it is. Gary: [0:47] It’s a beautiful home. Jorma: [0:48] Thank you. Gary: [0:49] I know you have a very interesting story to tell us. Remember that we want you to talk as much as possible. Jorma: [0:56] Okay. Gary: [0:57] …And us to talk as little as possible. Jorma: [0:58] Okay. Gary: [0:59] So, we’ll ask, occasionally, a question, but we would really like to hear from you. Let’s start, however, with telling us about what you remember about your grandparents. Jorma: [1:14] My grandparents were… he was a… how can I say… he was a… the father was my… he was dead when I was born. He was already… But he had been making bells. Like dinner bells. Nordic American Voices Page 1 of 32 And one of his bells was in the Langinkoski where Charles had a summer home.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Archaeology of Finnish Cemeteries in Saskatchewan
    In Silence We Remember: The Historical Archaeology of Finnish Cemeteries in Saskatchewan A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan By Verna Elinor Gallén © Copyright Verna Elinor Gallén, June 2012. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying, publication, or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Department Head Department of Archaeology and Anthropology 55 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B1 i ABSTRACT Above-ground archaeological techniques are used to study six Finnish cemeteries in Saskatchewan as a material record of the way that Finnish immigrants saw themselves – individually, collectively, and within the larger society.
    [Show full text]
  • Finnish Studies
    JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES Volume 16 Number 1 August 2012 Journal of Finnish Studies JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O. Box 2146), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TEXAS 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1402; Fax 1.936.294.1408 SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISING, AND INQUIRIES Contact Business Office (see above & below). EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki; [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Associate Editor, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hilary Joy Virtanen, Assistant Editor, University of Wisconsin; [email protected] Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University; [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Varpu Lindström, University Professor, York University, Toronto, Chair Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University, Toronto Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University, New York Anselm Hollo, Professor, Naropa Institute, Boulder, Colorado Richard Impola, Professor Emeritus, New Paltz, New York Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Andrew Nestingen,
    [Show full text]
  • FIRST NAME CHOICES in ZAGREB and SOFIA Johanna Virkkula
    SLAVICA HELSINGIENSIA 44 FIRST NAME CHOICES IN ZAGREB AND SOFIA Johanna Virkkula HELSINKI 2014 SLAVICA HELSINGIENSIA 44 Series editors Tomi Huttunen, Jouko Lindstedt, Ahti Nikunlassi Published by: Department of Modern Languages P.O. Box 24 (Unioninkatu 40 B) 00014 University of Helsinki Finland Copyright © by Johanna Virkkula ISBN 978-951-51-0093-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-0094-8 (PDF) ISSN-L 0780-3281, ISSN 0780-3281 (Print), ISSN 1799-5779 (Online) Printed by: Unigrafia Summary This study explores reasons for first name choice for children using a survey carried out in two places: Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, and Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. The outcomes of the analysis are twofold: reasons for name choice in the two communities are explored, and the application of survey methods to studies of name choice is discussed. The theoretical framework of the study is socio-onomastic, or more precisely socio- anthroponomastic, and the work explores boundaries of social intuition. It is argued that parents’ social intuition – based on rules and norms for name choice in their communities that they may not even be consciously aware of – guides them in choices related to namegiving. A survey instrument was used to collect data on naming choices and the data were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study explored in detail five themes affecting reasons for name choice. These themes were: tradition and family, international names, aesthetic values and positive meanings, current names and special names. The process of naming is discussed in detail, as are the effects of the parents’ education and the child’s sex on name choice.
    [Show full text]
  • To Be a Christian in Finland
    TO BE A CHRISTIAN IN FINLAND A Guidebook to Confirmation for Immigrants and Finnish Expatriates - 1 - To be a Christian in Finland Translation into English: Tuula Pitkänen Editor: Douglas Nielson Cover: Matti Kurkinen / MIR Pictures and symbols: Antti Tiainen Layout: Maarit Ala-Mononen Church Council / Education and youth work ISBN 951-789-208-X Printing press - cover: S-paino Oy - contents: Kirkkohallituksen monistamo Helsinki 2006 - 2 - To be a Christian in Finland TO THE READER Welcome to Confirmation Class! This book is intended for you: - who take confirmation class after immigrating to Finland - who live abroad, but take confirmation class in Finland or within a Finnish congregation outside Finland. Our Church is open to all, and we wish you welcome! Our Church may seem different from what you had imagined. Active dialogue between Christians who come from different parts of the world, and those who live here, is important to us. The sharing of experiences through active discussion enriches our Church and the life and activities of its congregations. We hope that you, after Confirmation Class and Confirmation, will become an active part of your own Congregation, both on traditional church holy days and everyday, together in your own community of Christians. This book has three chapters. The first chapter will familiarize you with the faith of the Church and Catechism studies in your own language. The second chapter describes the Evangelical Lutheran Church and its many activities, which we are inviting you to join in. The third chapter deals with the roots of the Church and its attempts to find unity.
    [Show full text]
  • TEAM FINLAND Games of the XXXII Olympiad Tokyo 2020 Main Partners of Content Olympic Team Finland Greetings from Pyeongchang to Tokyo
    TEAM FINLAND Games of the XXXII Olympiad Tokyo 2020 Main Partners of Content Olympic Team Finland Greetings from PyeongChang to Tokyo ...................................................4 Archery ..................................................................................................6 Athletics ................................................................................................8 Badminton ...........................................................................................22 Boxing .................................................................................................24 Equestrian ...........................................................................................26 Golf .....................................................................................................28 Sailing .................................................................................................32 Shooting ..............................................................................................36 Skateboarding......................................................................................38 Swimming ............................................................................................42 Wrestling .............................................................................................46 Abbreviations .......................................................................................48 Management .......................................................................................50 Finnish
    [Show full text]
  • Elaborating on Finnish-Russian Bilingual Identity in Oral and Written Discourse
    Elaborating on Finnish-Russian Bilingual Identity in Oral and Written Discourse Ekaterina Protassova University of Helsinki 1. Introduction People don’t usually think about who they are until they are provoked to reflect about their identity. Questions about belonging, their origin and their mother tongue can serve as such provocations. At the same time, these reflections can, through social refusal, take on a particular quality for the person in question (e.g. when we tell somebody that he is not a Russian, while he always thought he was). Speaking a language doesn’t necessarily involve any special attitude toward its use until it becomes justified through the situations of its use. It is interesting to follow the ways in which people deal with the emerging self-reconstruction problems of a balanced personality, how they reflect about the meaning of ‘being Russian’, and how they overcome dilemmas and build bridges in order to articulate a fully-fledged self. According to Joseph (2003), the study of language and identity has developed into one of the most dynamic interfaces linking linguistics with anthropology, sociology and psychology. The specific changes in one’s first language due to the linguistic and cultural influence of the environment have also been focused on (e.g. in Clyne 1992; Extra, Verhoeven 1999; Fishman 1989; Haugen 1953; Hyltenstam, Obler 1989; Kouritzin 1999; Seliger, Vago 1991, Waas 1996 and with a special focus on bilingual education in Corson 2001; Cummins 1996; Edwards 1985; Krashen, Biber 1988; Lambert, Freed 1992; Wong Fillmore 1996). The Russian emigration has experienced four waves during the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • The Realm of the Forest Finns the Seven Croft Trail Is a 7.9 Km Long Hiking Trail in the Border Country Between Sweden and Norway
    The Seven Croft Trail – a hike through Finnskogen in Hedmark and Värmland Price: SEK 20 torsby.se From the mid-1300s until 1809, what is now Finland formed the eastern half of the kingdom of Sweden. The Savolax region in central Finland was inhabited by forest Finns practising slash-and-burn cultivation techniques. In the 1500s and 1600s, many of them migrated to the forest landscape in mid Sweden and parts of eastern Norway. The reasons for this included overpopulation and a lack of forest areas to cultivate. The State encouraged this method of culti- vation and offered several years’ tax exemption to stimulate settle- ment. Today, Finnskogen (literally, “Forest of the Finns”) is the name of the area on both sides of the Swedish/Norwegian border where many of these Finns settled. Seven crofts, two countries; the realm of the forest Finns The Seven Croft Trail is a 7.9 km long hiking trail in the border country between Sweden and Norway. Lekvattnet in Torsby municipality and Varaldskogen in Kongsvinger municipality meet here. As the name implies, the trail leads past seven crofts, all with forest Finn origins. Here you can find everything from the ruins of Valli croft to Ritamäki, which is perhaps the best preserved forest Finn croft in the whole of Finnskogen. The route takes you through a cross-section of Finnskogen’s natural and cultural land- scapes. The trail generally follows old forest and wagon paths. There are two natural starting points for the Seven Croft Trail: On the Swedish side from the car park at Lomsen lake.
    [Show full text]
  • Balto-Finnic Personal Name Suffixes Marje Joalaid Estonia
    Marje Joalaid, Estonia 532 Balto-Finnic Personal Name Suffixes Marje Joalaid Estonia Abstract The Balto-Finnic peoples have always formed their personal names using primarily personal name suffixes. After Christianizing, these peoples as most other European peoples have had Christian names: the Orthodox (Greek-Catholic) people (Karelians, Vepsians, Votes and Ingrians or Izhorians) mostly names of Greek origin, the Roman-Catholics (from the 16th century the Lutherans) (Finns, Estonians, Livonians) names of Latin origin. The Balto-Finnic name suffixes occur in the hypocoristic modifications of the Christian names. The most popular and with great probability also the oldest Balto-Finnic name suffix is -oi (-ęi). According to old documents it occurs already in the pre-Christian names. The old Balto-Finnic place name with the suffix -la also consists of a personal name with the suffix -oi before the place name suffix -la. The suffix -oi is originally a diminutive suffix, although it has lost its diminutive character in names. In different Balto-Finnic languages it has preserved its primary phonetic form (in Finnish, Karelian and Ingrian) or it developed phonetically (Votic -oi > -o, Estonian -oi > -o > -u). In addition to -oi there are some other personal name suffixes which occur in different Balto-Finnic languages: -u, the plosive + s (-ts, -ks, -ps) -ne(n), -uk(ka) / -kas, -k(k)i, and others. *** Very little investigation has been done into Balto-Finnic personal names. However, surveys on the Balto-Finnic personal name system were recently published together with studies on the personal name systems of other European peoples (Brendler and Brendler 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Everyday Life and Nostalgia for the 1950S
    JOURNAL OF INNISH TUDIES F S Bittersweet: Everyday Life and Nostalgia for the 1950s Guest Editors Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto and Hanna Snellman Theme Issue of the Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 19 Number 2 July 2016 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-937875-93-0 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O. Box 2146), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISING, AND INQUIRIES Contact Business Office (see above & below). EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki; [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hilary Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University; hilary.virtanen@finlandia. edu Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University; [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Titus Hjelm, Reader, University College London Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, Department of Finnish Literature, University of Helsinki Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, Institute for Northern Culture, University of Lapland Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury George Schoolfield, Professor Emeritus, Yale University Beth L.
    [Show full text]
  • Finland and the Finns : a Selective Bibliography
    F I N LAN D AND THE FINNS A Selective Bibliography FINLAND AND THE FINNS tttucrcDus in aim pater \ Dn0*Dn0 itonraDus ww> ui tt apfite feois gra pful tccfit %totnf UttrnDtns in fua oioctfi Ubzos miCRiUu pauntat! i£o:unoc# tozrup no ; no moDica* £tt$ tjor qruDem facrrDptn teletnStiu töfurg^ turbatfc it inotwotionf • B50 liteos mtCTales ftöm oerii mDinadu Cue ((tfie g eftrntu oiru kantelein tt egt?(rialme omufitatm parifien rant thtologie jpfef* fO2e infigne/optime tO2t(tto$^( inmalit t j inCpirattöe Oma t> tjonorabilem oiru QartttobmtO (?t|Otan # giä ctiSH ibefu iru fuma Diligftia ?n imlita tiuitate lube teit imp2eITO0^uftO2ttatc oiDinaria atP2Obauit 1 cöfir tnauit tt fsngulis faterDoribj Tut Diort? e? ciToe Ub2ts miffas legrrcib; (t cclttoddte toticnfifticns 16( omipote tt0 on iniTröia «ft autte bttoe \bttntt i^ault td£f(u0« quaD2agtnta Dies inoulgetiafi pc intuttts fibj pemtctqs ituTrtiroiDit relatauit ^nno Dm PH«UcfimoqD2tngctefi mooctuagtftmooctauoiDit mm, Colored woodcut in the Missale Aboense, the first book printed for Finland by printer Bartholomäus Ghotan in Lubeck, Germany, in 1488 (see entry no. 623) F I N LAN D AND THE FINNS A Selective Bibliography By Dr. Elemer Bako Former Finno-Ugrian Area Specialist European Division Library of Congress Washington 1993 The symbolic device on the cover and the title page is widely recognized by the Finns as representing the clasped hands of two Kalevala singers. The version used here is the logo of the Finlandia Foundation, Inc., a national cultural organization of Finns in the United States. This work is dedicated to the Finnish people on the seventy-fifth anniversary of their independence.
    [Show full text]
  • Names and Identities Oslo Studies in Language, 4(2), 2012
    Oslo Studies in Language 4 (2) / 2012 Botolv Helleland, Christian-Emil Ore & Solveig Wikstrøm (eds.) Names and Identities Oslo Studies in Language, 4(2), 2012. Botolv Helleland, Christian-Emil Ore and Solveig Wikstrøm (eds.): Names and Identities. Oslo, University of Oslo ISSN 1890-9639 © 2012 the authors Set in LATEX fonts Gentium Book Basic and Linux Libertine by Christian-Emil Ore, Solveig Wikstrøm and Vladyslav Dorokhin. Cover design by UniPub publishing house. Printed by UniPub from camera-ready copy supplied by the editors. http://www.journals.uio.no/osla Contents Introduction Botolv Helleland, Christian-Emil Ore and Solveig Wikstrøm 1 Place Names and Identities: the Uses of Names of Helsinki Terhi Ainiala 7 Names and Identities in the Italian Detective Story Maria Giovanna Arcamone 17 Identity of Name(s) as a Crucial Problem in Name Studies, Or: To- wards the Recognition of Onymic Identity as a Principal Ono- mastic Concept Silvio Brendler 29 Feature Names and Identity in Zimbabwe Emmanuel Chabata 45 Endonymic Place-Name Alternants and Their Cultural Signifi- cances Richard Coates 61 Place Names in Multicultural Societies Thomas Hylland Eriksen 72 Naming Me, Naming You. Personal Names, Online Signatures and Cultural Meaning Charlotte Hagström 82 Place Names and Identities Botolv Helleland 96 Place Names As Ingredients of Space-Related Identity Peter Jordan 118 iii iv CONTENTS The Post-Colonial Identity of Durban Adrian Koopman 134 Names and Collective Identity Otto Krogseth 162 Can Choosing the Form of a Name Be an Act of Identity? Aud-Kirsti Pedersen 168 “Tonalism”: Name, Soul, Destiny and Identity Determined by the 260-Day Calender in Mesoamerica Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo 184 Toponyms and the Political and Ethnic Identity in Serbia Ljubiša Rajic 204 Immigrants in Norway and Their Choice of Names: Continuation or Adaption? Guro Reisæter 224 Official Naming in Hå, Klepp and Time Inge Særheim 236 Who Is Hvalbiff? Name and Identity in W.
    [Show full text]