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On the Naming Practices of Germans Living in Finland a Socio-Onomastic Study

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On the Naming Practices of Germans Living in Finland a Socio-Onomastic Study LIVING NAMES, NAMING LIVES On the naming practices of Germans living in Finland A socio-onomastic study Master’s thesis Annekatrin Endter University of Jyväskylä Department of languages Finnish language and culture August 2011 JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO Tiedekunta – Faculty Laitos – Department Humanistinen Tiedekunta Kielten Laitos Tekijä – Author Annekatrin Endter Työn nimi – Title Living Names, Naming Lives. On the naming practices of Germans living in Finland – a socio-onomastic study. Oppiaine – Subject Työn laji – Level Suomen kieli ja kulttuuri Pro gradu -tutkielma Aika – Month and year Sivumäärä – Number of pages Elokuu 2011 118 Tiivistelmä – Abstract Tämän pro gradu -työn päätavoitteena on tutkia Suomessa asuvien saksalaisten etunimivalintaa. Tutkimusaihetta ei ole tutkittu toistaiseksi. Tutkimukseni tavoitteena oli vanhempien etunimimotiivien ja Suomen nimiperinteiden selvittäminen. Samalla tutkittiin myös monikulttuurista elämää toisessa maassa, sekä sen mahdollisia vaikutuksia lapsen etniseen identiteettiin. Teoreettinen tausta sisältää suomen ja saksan nimitutkijoiden töitä. Sen lisäksi hyödynnettiin monikulttuurisen nimeämisen sekä nimimuotojen tutkimusta. Pro gradu -työni kuuluu laadulliseen tutkimusperinteeseen. Otos koostui kahdestatoista perheestä, joista puolessa oli yksi saksalainen ja yksi suomalainen vanhempi. Loput vanhemmat olivat saksalaisia. Aineistossa käsitellään kuudentoista korkeintaan viisi vuotiaisten lasten nimeämisprosessia. Aineisto kerättiin vuosina 2009 ja 2010 ja koostuu yhteensä 12 tuntia kestävistä parihaastatteluista. Living names, naming lives -tutkielmani osoitti, että useimmat vanhemmat valitsivat tietoisesti suomalaisia etunimiä. Sekä saksalaiset perheet että suomalais-saksalaisperheet valitsivat suomalaisia etunimiä, mutta vanhempien motivaatiot erosivat ryhmien välillä. Suomalais-saksalaiset vanhemmat pyrkivät etuniemien kautta korostamaan kansainvälisyyttä, kun taas saksalaisten vanhempien tavoitteena oli nostaa esiin yhteyttäSuomeen. Suomalaiset nimeämisen perinteet eivät olleet ratkaisevia kummassakaan ryhmässä. Toisen etunimen valinta osoittautui ristiriitaiseksi. Suomalais-saksalaisissa perheissä kaikki lapset saivat toisen etunimen, kun taas vain puolessa saksalaisissa perheessä lapset saivat toisen etunimen. Myös motiivit vaihtelivat. Nimeäminen suvun piiristä oli suomalais-saksalaisten vanhempien yleisin motiivi. Toinen ryhmä valitsi vapaampia motiiveja. Saksalaiset vanhemmat osoittivat suurta halukkuutta integroitua suomalaiseen yhteiskuntaan. Tämä näkyi suomalaisten päiväkotien ja etunimien valinnasta sekä vanhempien kielenopiskelussa. Lisäksi vanhemmat pitivät suomen etunimen roolia integraatioprosessissa tärkeänä. Lisätutkimusta aiheesta on toivottavaa, koska tämä tutkielma oli ensimmäinen, joka tutkii suomi-saksa kieliyhdistelmää. Yksi mahdollisuus olisi käyttää valintaparusteena lasten sukupuolta, jotta tyttöjen ja poikien nimiä olisi yhtä paljon. Asiasanat – Keywords nimistö, etunimet, saksalainen, maahanmuuttaja, kulttuuri, nimenantomotiivi Säilytyspaikka – Depository Fennicum Muita tietoja – Additional information JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO Tiedekunta – Faculty Laitos – Department Faculty of Humanities Department of Languages Tekijä – Author Annekatrin Endter Työn nimi – Title Living Names, Naming Lives: On the naming practices of Germans living in Finland – a socio-onomastic study. Oppiaine – Subject Työn laji – Level Finnish Language and Culture Master’s Thesis Aika – Month and year Sivumäärä – Number of pages August 2011 118 Tiivistelmä – Abstract The main objective of this Master’s thesis is to research the naming of children of German families living in Finland. The research topic has not been examined so far. In the thesis, the aim was to research the naming motives of parents and the execution of Finnish naming traditions. It also examined the bicultural aspect of living and bringing up a child in another country, as well as its potential influence on the child’s ethnical identity. The theoretical background was comprised of works of Finnish and German name researchers. Additionally, multicultural studies and international research on naming fashions were added in order to provide an extensive background for the further analysis of the research material. The study is situated in the field of qualitative research. The sample group consisted of twelve families, out of which six contained one Finnish and one German parent. In the remaining six families both parents were of German decent. The material discusses the naming process of altogether sixteen children aged 0-5. The data was collected between 2009 and 2010. The resulting material comprised twelve hours of recorded interviews and approximately 200 pages of transcription. Living names, naming lives revealed that most parents consciously chose a Finnish first name. The percentage of Finnish first names in both samples was the same, while the naming motives differed between the groups. Parents of the Finnish-German sample strove to express internationality; parents of the German-German sample were aiming for the name’s relation to Finland. The selection of latter forenames proved discrepancy between the sample groups. While in the Finnish-German sample, 100 per cent of all children received latter forenames, this happened only in 50 per cent of the German- German families. Also, the naming motives differed. Relation to kin was the most common motive in the Finnish-German sample. The other group chose freer motives. Finnish naming customs were of no significant influence in either sample. German parents of both groups showed a similarly high degree to be integrated into Finnish society. This was displayed by choosing Finnish-speaking kindergartens, studying the target language and by selecting Finnish forenames. Parents further considered the importance of a Finnish forename regarding the integration into the host society. Further studies of the topic are desirable, because this was the first study, which researched this language combination. A possible suggestion is to alter the selection criteria in order to have a homogenous number of boys and girls in the research. Asiasanat – Keywords Onomastics, Forenames, German, Finnish, Immigrant, Culture, Motive Säilytyspaikka – Depository Fennicum Muita tietoja – Additional information TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 8 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................... 10 2.1 National regulations and tracking of forenames ........................................................ 11 2.1.1 The regulations on naming according to German law ..................................... 11 2.1.2 The regulations on naming according to Finnish law ...................................... 12 2.1.3 Comparison between the Finnish and German Names Acts ............................ 12 2.1.4 National tracking and support .......................................................................... 13 2.2 Gender and naming .................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Gender in German names................................................................................. 14 2.2.2 Gender in Finnish names.................................................................................. 15 2.2.3 Different approaches in naming gender ........................................................... 16 2.3 Multiple forenames .................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Naming beliefs ........................................................................................................... 19 2.5 Naming motives ......................................................................................................... 20 2.5.1 The sound of a name ........................................................................................ 22 2.5.2 The derivation of a name.................................................................................. 23 2.5.3 The meaning of a name.................................................................................... 24 2.5.4 Role model names............................................................................................ 24 2.5.5 Kin-related naming .......................................................................................... 26 2.5.6 Naming customs & special naming traditions ................................................. 28 2.6 Naming fashions......................................................................................................... 29 2.7 Changing naming motives.......................................................................................... 32 2.7.1 Religious names ............................................................................................... 32 2.7.2 Individualization .............................................................................................. 33 2.8 Names, personal identity & prejudice........................................................................ 35 2.9 Multinational naming processes and parenthood....................................................... 38 3. RESEARCH PROCESS AND REALIZATION................................................................. 42 3.1 Research design and planning...................................................................................
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