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Tesis Doctoral UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA TESIS DOCTORAL La Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los Últimos Días: implantación, desarrollo en España y estudio comparativo con otros países europeos MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Faustino López Requena Madrid, 2014 ©Faustino López Requena, 2014 “La Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los Últimos Días: Implantación, desarrollo en España y estudio comparativo con otros países europeos” Tesis doctoral de Faustino López Requena 1 Prólogo ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Capítulo 1: Una iglesia con un nombre largo y una historia relativamente corta .......................... 10 1.1 El nombre de la iglesia y de sus feligreses ........................................................................ 10 1.2 El profeta José Smith y la Restauración de un evangelio perdido ...................................... 12 1.3 El Libro de Mormón: su papel en la Restauración ............................................................. 13 1.4 La búsqueda del establecimiento de Sión, una “sociedad utópica” .................................... 15 1.5 Emigrar a los Estados Unidos: El Fondo Perpetuo para la Emigración .............................. 16 Capítulo 2: Estudios sobre el Mormonismo ................................................................................ 17 2.1 La pretensión del mormonismo de ser “la verdad” ............................................................ 17 2.2 Asignar al mormonismo un lugar entre las diferentes religiones ........................................ 18 Capítulo 3: La iglesia en la Unión Europea................................................................................. 19 3.1 La iglesia en Gran Bretaña: Una obra misional diferente................................................... 20 3.2 La iglesia en Alemania ..................................................................................................... 20 3.3 La iglesia en Francia ......................................................................................................... 26 3.4 La iglesia en Italia ............................................................................................................ 31 3.5 La iglesia en Suiza ............................................................................................................ 37 3.6 La iglesia en Holanda ....................................................................................................... 40 3.7 La iglesia en Austria ......................................................................................................... 42 3.8 La iglesia en Bélgica ........................................................................................................ 44 3.9 La iglesia en Portugal ....................................................................................................... 46 3.10 La iglesia en los Países Nórdicos .................................................................................... 48 3.10.1 La iglesia en Finlandia ............................................................................................. 49 3.10.2 La iglesia en Suecia ................................................................................................. 50 3.10.3 La iglesia en Noruega .............................................................................................. 50 3.10.4 La iglesia en Dinamarca ........................................................................................... 51 3.11 Resumen ......................................................................................................................... 53 Capítulo 4: La organización de la iglesia .................................................................................... 54 4.1 Una organización jerárquica ............................................................................................. 54 4.2 El varón y el sacerdocio: un voluntariado no remunerado ................................................. 54 4.3 El papel de la mujer en la organización y funcionamiento de la iglesia ............................. 57 Capítulo 5: Misioneros mormones en Gibraltar .......................................................................... 59 5.1 El presidente Brigham Young envía misioneros a Gibraltar: Edward Stevenson y Nathan Tanner Porter ......................................................................................................................... 59 5.2 El viaje a Gibraltar pasando por España: del 16 de septiembre de 1852 al 7 de marzo de 1853 ....................................................................................................................................... 61 5.3 Dedicación de Gibraltar el 8 de marzo de 1853: comienzo de una predicación prohibida .. 63 5.4 La antigua capilla metodista: la partida de bautismo de Edward Stevenson ....................... 65 5.5 Los misioneros entran en España: una visión utópica de su misión ................................... 69 5.6 Expulsión del Elder Porter: El Élder Stevenson se queda solo para predicar ...................... 72 5.7 Los primeros bautismos .................................................................................................... 76 5.8 Stevenson ante el juez: demandado por predicar ............................................................... 76 5.9 El Élder Stevenson, enfermo, sale para Inglaterra: fin de la Misión de Gibraltar ............... 78 5.10 ¿Intentos de predicar en España desde Gibraltar? ............................................................ 81 2 5.11 La predicación en Gibraltar en el siglo XX ..................................................................... 82 Capítulo 6: Melitón González Trejo: El primer traductor del Libro de Mormón al español ......... 82 6.1 Un soldado español de uniforme por las calles del Lago Salado ........................................ 82 6.2 Un extremeño llamado Melitón González-Trejo Moreno .................................................. 83 6.3 Melitón intenta resolver sus dudas religiosas: encuentra “un pueblo de Santos dirigidos por un Profeta” ............................................................................................................................. 88 6.4 La primera traducción del Libro de Mormón al español, “Trozos Selectos” y la misión en Méjico. Primer matrimonio: Mary Anne Christensen .............................................................. 90 6.5 El segundo matrimonio: Emily Jones. Su estancia en Chuichupa, Méjico ......................... 93 6.6 La revolución mejicana: Melitón y Pancho Villa............................................................... 94 6.7 Melitón y su esposa Emily con sus hijos: los últimos días en Arizona ............................... 96 Capítulo 7: El Distrito del Mediterráneo Occidental ................................................................... 98 7.1 Michael J. Mitchell, el último obispo de los militares mormones de la Base de Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid ........................................................................................................................ 98 7.2 El acuerdo de cooperación defensiva entre España y los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica: la puerta de entrada de los mormones a España en el siglo XX ................................................... 99 7.3 Los diferentes acuerdos y el establecimiento de la iglesia en España ................................103 7.4 El nombramiento del apóstol Ezra Taft Benson como ministro de agricultura del gobierno de Eisenhower .......................................................................................................................105 7.5 La llegada de los primeros militares estadounidenses mormones a España: Bean, McDurmic, Fish y Johnson ....................................................................................................106 7.6 El Distrito del Mediterráneo Occidental: Zaragoza, Madrid, Sevilla, Cádiz, Lajes y Kenitra, bajo la supervisión de la Misión Francesa ..............................................................................108 7.7 La obra misionera dentro de las Bases militares ...............................................................110 7.8 Las dificultades para supervisar los diferentes Grupos de mormones del Distrito del Mediterráneo Occidental .......................................................................................................111 7.9 El Grupo de militares mormones de las Bases de Morón y San Pablo, Sevilla ..................114 7.10 El Grupo de militares mormones de la Base de Zaragoza ...............................................116 7.11 El Grupo de militares mormones de la Base de Rota, Cádiz ...........................................116 7.12 El Grupo de militares mormones de la Base de Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid ...................119 Capítulo 8: La primera Ley de Libertad Religiosa. La legalización de la iglesia ........................122 8.1 El apartado “De la Religión” en las diferentes Constituciones de España .........................123 8.1.1 La Constitución de Bayona de 1808 ..........................................................................123 8.1.2 La Constitución de Cádiz de 1812 .............................................................................124 8.1.3 La Constitución de 1837 ...........................................................................................124
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