Integrated Use of ESI Funds to Address Social Challenges
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DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Research for REGI Committee - Integrated use of ESI funds to address social challenges STUDY This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Regional Development. AUTHORS t33: François LEVARLET, Nicola BRIGNANI, Andrea GRAMILLANO Tamam Sarl: Armelle LEDAN PRADE EureConsult: Thomas STUMM Nordregio: Lisbeth GREVE HARBO In addition the research team included the following national experts: Konstantinos APOSTOLIDIS, Sebastian BONIS, Pietro CELOTTI, Roxana DIACONU, Andrea FLORIA, Dea HRELJA, Elodie LORGEOUX, Marjan MARJANOVIC and Luca SANTIN. Research manager Diána HAASE Project and publication assistance Lyna PÄRT Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE PUBLISHER To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to updates on our work for the REGI Committee please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in July 2017 © European Union, 2017 Print ISBN 978-92-846-0744-0 doi:10.2861/460615 QA-04-17-334-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-846-0743-3 doi:10.2861/287700 QA-04-17-334-EN-N This document is available on the internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/601968/IPOL_STU(2017)6019 68_EN.pdf Please use the following reference to cite this study: Levarlet, F, Brignani, N, Gramillano, A, Ledan Prade, A, Stumm, T & Greve Harbo, L, 2017, Research for REGI Committee – Integrated use of ESI funds to address social challenges, European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels Please use the following reference for in-text citations: Levarlet, Brignani, Gramillano, Ledan Prade, Stumm and Greve Harbo (2017) DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Research for REGI Committee - Integrated use of ESI funds to address social challenges STUDY Abstract The study aims to analyse the implementation of integrated approaches under the ESI Funds in addressing challenges related to social inclusion, including integration of migrants and refugees. Programme logic of intervention, combinations of thematic objectives, synergies with other EC policy instruments and the use of integrated tools are analysed for a set of programmes. Conclusions and recommendations are provided for the 2014-2020 and the next programming period. IP/B/REGI/IC/2016-087 July 2017 PE 601.968 EN Integrated use of ESI Funds to address social challenges ___________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF TABLES 7 LIST OF FIGURES 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 1. INTRODUCTION 13 1.1. Objective of the study 13 1.2. Methodology 14 2. STATE OF PLAY OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND MIGRATION ISSUES IN THE EU 19 2.1. Key concepts and definitions 20 2.2. Statistical overview of social inclusion 22 2.3. EU policy framework 33 2.4 Main policy challenges 43 3. SOCIAL INCLUSION AND MIGRATION ISSUES IN EUROPEAN COHESION POLICY 45 3.1. Social inclusion in Structural and ESI Funds 46 3.2. Social inclusion in ESI Funds Intervention logic 53 3.3. Integration between ESI Funds 57 3.4. Synergies and coordination between ESIF and other EU policies 59 3.5. Strengths and weaknesses in addressing social inclusion 61 4. INTEGRATED TOOLS 63 4.1. Definition of integrated tools 64 4.2. State of play of integrated tools implementation in ESI Funds 67 4.3. Examples of integrated tools 72 4.4. Barriers to the diffusion of integrated tools 84 5. CONCLUSIONS 85 5.1. General findings 85 5.2. Social inclusion policy challenges 85 5.4. Synergy between policy instruments 87 5.5. Integrated tools for social inclusion 88 5.6. Recommendations 91 3 Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ REFERENCES 95 ANNEX 103 4 Integrated use of ESI Funds to address social challenges ___________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AMIF Asylum, migration and integration fund AROPE At risk of poverty or social exclusion CBC Cross-border cooperation CF Cohesion Fund CLLD Community-Led Local Development CPR Common Provision Regulation CSF Common Strategic Framework DG Directorate-General of the European Commission EAFRD European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development EaSI Employment and Social Innovation EC European Commission EMFF European Maritime and Fisheries Fund EMN European Migration Network ERDF European Regional Development Fund ESF European Social Fund ESI European Structural and Investment ETC European Territorial Cooperation EU European Union EURES European Employment Services FEAD European Fund for Aid to the Most Deprived IP Investment priority IPA Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance ITI Integrated territorial investment 5 Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ MS Member State RQ Research question of the study SO Specific objective TO Thematic Objective 6 Integrated use of ESI Funds to address social challenges ___________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Research questions and corresponding chapters 15 Table 2 Illustration of some vulnerable groups by type of exclusion 26 Table 3 Overview of social inclusion-relevant TOs in the analysed programmes 54 Table 4 Synergy in ESIF programmes (reviewed in the study) 57 Table 5 Overview of themes covered by the two Urban Innovative Action calls for proposals in relation to the EU Urban Agenda 80 Table 6 Strengths and weaknesses of integrated approaches in ESI funds for promoting social inclusion 90 Table 7 Recommendations 92 Table 8 List of programmes reviewed and selected interviews 103 Table 9 List of institutions interviewed through the study 106 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Methodological overview 14 Figure 2 Category of people-at-risk of poverty and social exclusion, 2015 23 Figure 3 Population at risk of poverty and social exclusion in Member States (MSs), 2014, 2015 24 Figure 4 Asylum applications (non-EU) in the EU-28 Member States, 2008-2016 (thousands) 27 Figure 5 Proportion of population at risk of poverty or social exclusion, by degree of urbanisation, 2015 30 7 Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 6 Working age population born outside the EU by degree of urbanisation, 2014 30 Figure 7 Proportion of population who agree that foreigners in their city are well integrated 31 Figure 8 People at risk of poverty or social exclusion, 2005–13 (million people) 35 Figure 9 MIPEX country performance score 41 Figure 10 Share of the total participations of different population groups in the ESF funded projects in 2007-2013 (%) 48 Figure 11 Total 2014-2020 ESIF budget by theme 52 Figure 12 Population groups most referred to in ESIF 2014-2020 programming documents 53 Figure 13 Synergies between TO 9 and other TOs in the programmes reviewed 55 Figure 14 Synergy with Union Instruments (number of programmes) 59 Figure 15 Tools selected by type of programme (unit: number of programmes) 68 Figure 16 Share of tools selected among the programmes 69 Figure 17 Disadvantaged groups targeted by integrated tools in analysed programmes 72 8 Integrated use of ESI Funds to address social challenges ___________________________________________________________________________________________ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The aim of this study is to analyse how integrated approaches under European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds) have been used to address social inclusion challenges in European Union (EU) Member States. In the framework of this study, specific attention is given to issues related to the integration of migrants and refugees into European communities. The specific objectives of the study are the following: 1) Overview of challenges linked to social inclusion in EU regions and urban areas and the role of European cohesion policy in tackling such challenges; 2) Analysis of the role the ESI Funds have played and can play in tackling the challenges linked to social inclusion, in particular to migration issues, in EU regions and urban areas; and 3) Analysis of integrated approaches to territorial development taken by Member States to tackle challenges of social inclusion, including those associated with migration. The research methodology – presented in Chapter 1 – is based on a thorough literature review, as well as on data collected through a review of 47 selected ESI Funds programmes. Finally, interviews with stakeholders provide additional insights and validate collected data. Chapter 2 presents the state of play of social exclusion and migration issues. Statistics show that since the financial crisis of 2007, poverty and social exclusion have reached a high level in the EU with around 20 % of population involved. Poverty and social exclusion concern many diverse groups: